I!  ( 


& 


GIFT   OF 
Dr.  Robert   T.  Sutherland 


GRADED 


MAN  LESSONS 


BEING 


CTICAL  GERMAN  GRAMMAR 


By  WILLIAM   EYSENBACH 


REVISED  AND   LARGELY   REWRITTEN,   WITH    NOTES  TO  THE    EXERCISES. 
READING  LESSONS  AND  VOCABULARIES 


BY 


WILLIAM    C.   COLLAR,  A.M 


Head  Master  Roxbury  Latin  School 


BOSTON,   U.S.A.: 

PUBLISHED    BY   GINN   &   COMPANY. 

1894. 


Copyright  by 

Ginn  &  Company,  Boston, 

1887. 


EDITOR'S  PREFACE. 


When  at  the  request  of  Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.  I  undertook 
to  revise  Eysenbach's  German  Grammar,  I  thought  the  task 
was  not  a  difficult  one,  and  that  it  could  be  accomplished 
within  a  comparatively  short  time.  It  was  accordingly 
announced  that  this  edition  would  be  ready  some  months 
ago ;  but  the  labor  of  revision  has  proved  so  much  greater 
than  was  anticipated,  that  it  is  only  after  more  than  a  year 
from  its  commencement  that  the  end  has  been  reached. 
But  however  trying  to  the  publishers  this  delay  has  been,  it 
has  in  one  way  been  very  beneficial  to  me.  In  the  mean  time 
I  have  gone  through,  or  nearly  through,  the  book,  with  my 
two  upper  classes  in  the  Roxbury  Latin  School,  and  the 
notes  to  the  exercises,  which  form  one  of  the  principal 
features  of  the  revision,  are  the  immediate  fruit  of  that  ex- 
perience. The  mistakes,  misunderstandings,  and  difficulties 
of  my  pupils  taught  me,  day  by  day,  where  and  what  kind  of 
notes  were  needed.  Besides,  the  repeated,  prolonged,  and 
minute  examination  of  the  book  in  every  part,  which  the 
instruction  of  my  classes  made  necessary,  enabled  me  to  see, 
much  better  than  would  otherwise  have  been  possible,  both 
the  excellencies  and  the  defects  of  Eysenbach's  work,  and 
accordingly  what  to  keep  and  what  to  eliminate  or  change, 
where  to  expand  and  where  to  add  wholly  new  matter. 

I  designed  to  leave  the  original  work  unchanged  in  its 
most  important  features,  so  far  as  I  was  able,  and  in 
general  to  impose  upon  myself,  in  the  revision,  very  strict 
limitations.  It  not  unfrequently  happens  that,  when  a 
school-book  is   revised   by   another   than    the  author,    it  is 


IV  PREFACE. 

ruined.  A  very  common  and  most  deplorable  fault  is  a 
great  expansion  of  the  original.  Many  years  ago  I  con- 
tended that  one  of  the  greatest  of  all  educational  needs  was 
thin  books.  I  remain  of  the  same  opinion  still,  though  there 
are  many  signs  of  improvement.  School-books  are  still  too 
big.  On  my  table  lies  a  German  grammar  more  popular  and 
more  used,  I  presume,  than  any  other  in  this  country,  which, 
not  small  at  first,  has  been  swollen  by  revision  to  a  bulk  of 
nearly  six  hundred  pages,  —  crescit  eundo :  also  two  Latin 
grammars,  that  have  driven  out  nearly  all  others,  increased 
in  size  by  successive  revisions  to  nearly  double  their  former 
dimensions.  Now,  whatever  faults  this  revision  may  be 
charged  with,  excessive  expansion  is  not  one  of  them.  The 
original  contained,  not  including  the  Appendix,  254  densely- 
packed  pages.  This  edition  has  245,  somewhat  larger  but 
much  more  openly  printed  pages,  exclusive  of  the  Appendix 
and  the  Vocabularies. 

The  plan  and  aim  of  the  original  work  I  wished  to  leave 
undisturbed,  but  in  one  important  particular  it  seemed  neces- 
sary to  make  a  change.  It  was  Eysenbach's  object  to  write 
a  grammar  that  should  equip  the  faithful  student  for  under- 
standing, speaking,  and  writing  German  with  the  utmost 
economy  of  time  and  labor ;  and  no  book  with  which  I  am 
acquainted  is  so  ingeniously  and  admirably  adapted  to  secure 
the  first  great  requisite,  a  perfect  practical  mastery  of  forms. 
Also  for  acquiring  a  ready  command  of  materials  for  conver- 
sation and  the  common  modes  of  expression,  it  would  be 
difficult  to  match  in  excellence  the  work  of  Eysenbach. 
But  the  ability  to  read  German  the  author  does  not  mention 
as  one  of  the  objects  which  he  proposes  to  the  student  of  his 
grammar,  and  it  is  evident  that  it  is  relatively  undervalued 
by  him.  His  selections  for  reading,  accordingly,  are  altogether 
meager  in  quantity,  and  in  character  somewhat  childish.  Here, 
then,  there  has  been  a  modification,  or,  more  explicitly,  a 
shifting  of  the  emphasis.     Reading  should  go  hand  in  hand 


PREFACE.  V 

with  speaking  and  writing.  //  should  be  begun  at  the  earliest 
practicable  moment,  and  should  occupy  the  largest  practicable 
place.  The  reading  lessons  in  this  edition  comprise  selections 
various  in  character,  but  simple  and  easy  to  understand, 
and  intended,  at  the  same  time,  to  be  representative,  so  far 
as  they  go,  of  what  is  best  in  German  prose  and  lyric  poetry.. 
Every  piece  of  poetry  deserves  to  be  committed  accurately 
and  thoroughly  to  memory.  The  inevitable  drudgery  in 
learning  the  elements  of  a  language  ought  to  be  relieved  by 
reading  and  repeating  beautiful  things  in  its  literature,  till 
words,  thoughts,  and  images  become  a  part  of  the  student's 
being  as  much  as  idioms  and  inflections.  To  make  room 
for  the  reading  lessons,  not  a  few  conversational  exercises, 
and  some  of  those  for  translation  into  German,  which  had 
proved  too  difficult,  have  been  eliminated  without  any  fear 
of  loss  to  the  learner. 

The  model  sentences  which  introduce  each  lesson,  and 
are  made  the  basis  of  all  the  etymology  and  syntax,  have 
been  but  slightly  altered,  and  in  only  five  or  six  places.  The 
exercises,  too,  for  translation  into  English  and  into  German, 
except  as  already  indicated,  have  been  but  little  retrenched, 
or  modified,  or  enlarged.  Thus  again  the  frame-work  of  the 
book  remains  substantially  what  it  was,  with  two  exceptions, 
which  must  be  stated. 

The  nouns  have  been  grouped  in  two  declensions,  the 
strong  and  the  weak,  instead  of  three,  and  the  same  classi- 
fication of  verbs,  the  strong  and  the  weak  conjugations,  has 
been  adopted.  This  classification  has  not  merely  the  recom- 
mendation that  it  is  more  scientific,  but  the  much  stronger 
one,  for  an  elementary  work,  that  it  is  simpler  and  easier  for 
the  learner.  Doubtless  the  greater  the  number  of  declen- 
sions, the  fewer  the  exceptions,  and  this  seems  to  have  been 
the  reason  why  grammarians  have  so  multiplied  declensions. 
But  a  classification  that  commends  itself  to  the  learner's 
reason   will    assist    his    memory   far  more  than    one    made 


M292446 


VI  PREFACE. 

arbitrarily,  however  ingeniously  it  may  be  contrived  to  stretch 
itself  over  the  greatest  number  of  substantives. 

After  so  far  preserving  the  plan  and  purpose  of  the 
original,  I  found  it  necessary  to  depart,  in  a  measure,  from 
my  first  design,  and  to  recast  and  rewrite  all,  or  nearly  all, 
the  explanatory,  didactic,  and  illustrative  matter.  This  has 
been  done  closely  and  purposely  on  the  model  of  The 
Beginner's  Latin  Book.  It  is  the  method  of  observation, 
comparison,  imitation,  and  induction,  which  long  experience 
has  taught  me  is  the  really  "  natural  method,"  as  well  as  the 
most  interesting  and  fruitful.  Mere  imitation  and  memo- 
rizing will  go  a  great  way  in  learning  a  language ;  but  it  is 
surely  better  to  use  all  the  faculties  than  one  or  two,  and  if 
the  learning  of  a  modern  language  is  to  be  made  a  means  of 
mental  training,  and  there  is  no  reason  known  to  me  why  it 
should  not  be,  as  well  as  the  learning  of  Latin  or  Greek, 
there  is  danger  of  throwing  too  much  work  upon  the 
memory.  According  to  American  notions,  the  Germans  are 
inhuman  in  their  demands  upon  the  memory.  Perhaps  they 
might  retort  that  that  seems  so  because  they  believe  in 
actually  learning  languages,  while  it  is  not  so  apparent  that 
we  do.  But,  sure  that  memory  will  find  enough  to  do  in 
the  learning  of  German,  I  have  sought,  in  sundry  ways, 
rather  to  relieve  the  strain  upon  it.  Partly  for  this  reason, 
and  partly  to  add  interest  to  the  study,  in  the  observations 
on  the  model  sentences  and  in  the  notes  to  the  exercises, 
I  have  made  frequent  comparisons  of  German  with  such 
other  languages  as  students  who  use  the  book  may  be  sup- 
posed to  have  studied,  or  to  be  carrying  along  with  German. 
A  glance  at  the  index  under  the  heading  "  Latin  "  will  indi- 
cate something  of  the  number  and  character  of  these  com- 
parisons. I  would  gladly  have  made  them  many  times  as 
numerous  if  space  had  permitted,  and  if  I  had  had  any  con- 
fidence that  they  would  not  repel  or  embarrass  many  teachers. 
Enough    has  been  done  to  suggest  a  practice  that  I  have 


PREFACE.  Vli 

found  interesting  and  helpful  alike  to  teacher  and  to  pupils. 
The  object,  of  course,  is  not  to  make  philologists,  but  to 
quicken  interest  and  intelligence,  and  to  form  an  intellectual 
habit  of  great  value. 

An  outline  of  pronunciation  has  been  added,  which  may 
prove  helpful  to  some  teachers.  As  it  is  only  a  sketch, 
teachers  will  need  to  resort  to  larger  works,  which  make 
some  pretensions  to  being  exhaustive,  for  the  answer  to 
many  questions  which  will  arise.  I  have  merely  put  together, 
as  concisely  as  possible,  from  the  best  sources,  a  minimum 
of  essential  things.  The  German-English  vocabulary  will,  it 
is  hoped,  provide  an  answer  to  almost  every  doubt  that  will 
occur  in  the  pronunciation  of  words  in  this  book.  An  index, 
an  appendix  containing  much  new  matter,  and  German- 
English  and  English-German  vocabularies,  constitute  the 
principal  additions  not  already  mentioned. 

Eysenbach's  book  is  the  work  of  a  man  who  has  a  genius 
for  teaching,  and,  with  all  its  faults,  it  is  admirably  suited  to 
a  purely  oral  method.  Its  greatest  merit  in  design  is,  that  it 
presents  the  language  to  the  learner  right  end  foremost ;  and 
its  greatest  merit  in  execution,  the  ingenuity,  variety,  and 
copiousness  of  its  exercises.  But  it  is  deficient  in  scientific 
spirit  and  method.  Things  are  presented  in  too  fragment- 
ary and  scattered  a  fashion.  What  I  mean  can  be  shortly 
illustrated  by  the  treatment  of  the  personal  pronouns.  On 
page  15,  a  partial  declension  of  some  of  them  in  the  sin- 
gular is  given.  Nine  pages  farther  on,  there  is  an  additional 
instalment.  Seven  pages  farther,  there  is  more.  Forty  pages 
farther,  there  is  some  repetition  and  expansion.  Sixteen 
pages  more,  and  we  come  to  the  complete  declension.  There 
is  here  a  trifle  too  much  of  the  "  natural  method."  Indeed, 
to  follow  that  method  a  outrance  in  the  construction  of  a 
book,  would  infallibly  land  one  in  chaos.  The  result  would 
not  be  a  book  properly  speaking,  but  a  congeries  of  things 
disconnected  and  unrelated.      But  the  proper  antithete  to 


V1U  PREFACE. 


natural  is  artificial;  and  a  method  may  be  none  the  less 
natural — that  is,  according  to  nature  —  that  is  informed  and 
directed  by  a  scientific  spirit.  Continuity,  order,  proportion, 
and  symmetry  are  as  natural  as  their  opposites.  This  has 
been  the  controlling  principle  of  this  revision,  and  many 
opportunities  have  occurred  for  its  practical  application. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  vocabularies,  the  matchless  Sachs- 
Villatte  lexicon  was  followed  in  respect  to  pronunciation 
and  some  other  particulars.  For  definitions  and  remarks  on 
the  use  of  words,  the  editor  had  permission  from  Dr.  William 
D.  Whitney  to  make  free  use  of  his  excellent  German  Dic- 
tionary. 

In  the  effort  to  conform  to  the  modern  system  of  German 
orthography,  I  regret  to  say  some  inconsistencies  will  be 
found.  The  spelling  of  German  is  at  present  in  a  somewhat 
chaotic  state,  and  it  is  perhaps  inevitable  that  one  who  steps 
out  of  the  beaten  track  and  tries  to  follow  the  lines  of 
reform,  or  supposed  reform,  should  come  to  grief. 

It  is  almost  impossible,  while  it  is  exceedingly  important, 
in  a  book  like  this,  to  avoid  errors.  I  can  only  say  that  I 
have  done  my  best  to  keep  them  out,  and  that  I  shall  be 
grateful  to  any  one  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  point  out  to 
me  any  oversights  that  he  may  discover,  or  any  graver 
mistakes  of  scholarship  or  judgment. 

It  remains  for  me  gratefully  to  acknowledge  the  assistance 
that  I  have  received  from  several  persons.  Dr.  A.  N.  Van 
Dael,  superintendent  of  instruction  in  modern  languages  in 
the  Boston  public  schools,  and  Professor  Ephraim  Emerton 
of  Harvard  University,  each  kindly  favored  me  with  two  or 
three  useful  suggestions.  M.  W.  Davis,  A.B.,  and  D.  O.  S. 
Lowell,  A.M.,  both  of  the  Roxbury  Latin  School,  helped  me 
very  much  in  the  preparation  of  the  vocabularies.  I  am  also 
under  special  obligations  to  Mr.  Lowell  for  reading  the  proof- 
sheets  of  the  vocabularies  with  the  utmost  care.  Miss  Saw***? 
F.  Litchfield,  of  the  Somerville  High  School,  and  Dr.  J.  E. 


PREFACE.  IX 

Clarke,  Principal  of  the  Chelsea  High  School,  kindly  read  a 
part  of  the  proof-sheets  and  favored  me  with  notes  thereon. 
My  former  German  teacher,  Professor  E.  C.  F.  Krauss,  now 
of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  whose  skill  as  an  instructor  and  whose 
profound  knowledge  of  his  own  language  I  remember  with 
affectionate  admiration,  has  permitted  me  to  consult  him  on 
doubtful  points  of  grammar  and  usage. 

My  hearty  thanks  are  due  to  Miss  Clara  S.  Blanchard, 
of  the  Maiden  High  School,  for  carefully  reading  the  proof- 
sheets  as  far  as  the  vocabularies.  Her  thorough  knowledge 
of  German,  her  perfect  familiarity  with  EysenbacWs  Grammar, 
and  her  quickness  in  detecting  errors,  made  her  proof-reading 
and  her  criticisms  of  great  value. 

Finally  I  wish  to  thank  Mr.  C.  H.  Heintzemann,  who  has 
personally  superintended  the  printing  of  this  book,  for  the 
patient  care  and  skill  with  which  he  has  labored  to  make  it 
typographically  correct  and  attractive. 

Wm.  C.  Collar. 
Boston,  Sept.  i,  18S7. 


NOTE   TO    THE    REVISED    EDITION. 


In  reply  to  various  inquiries  as  to  the  best  way  of  using 
this  book,  it  is  recommended  that,  after  the  eighth  lesson, 
only  the  model  sentence  and  the  exercise  based  immediately 
on  the  model  sentence  in  each  lesson,  with  the  explanations 
and  paradigms  intervening,  be  studied  in  going  through  the 
book  the  first  time. 

The  learner  may  then,  or  even  earlier,  take  the  selections 
for  reading,  and.  in  a  third  course  resume  the  exercises. 
Even  the  third  course  should  include,  with  the  German 
Aufgaben,  no  more  than  half  of  each  English  exercise  to  be 
turned  into  German,  the  rest  being  reserved  for  practice  in 
writing  in  connection  with  subsequent  reading.  It  is  a  grave 
mistake  to  crowd  all  of  the  grammatical  work  into  the  first 
part  of  a  German  course. 

A  good  and  serviceable  knowledge  of  the  language  cannot 
be  acquired  without  much  writing  of  German ;  but  after  the 
first  outline  of  grammar,  reading  and  writing  should  for  a 
considerable  time  go  hand  in  hand. 

Wm.  C.  C. 

June  i,  1888. 


CONTENTS. 


Index     

Alphabet       

Pronunciation      .        .        .  .     . 
Lessons  : 

I.  Nominative  and  Accusative  .... 

II.  Nominative  and  Accusative  .... 

III.  Dative  and  Accusative 

IV.  The  Strong  Declension ;    Personal  Pronouns 
V.  The  Weak  Declension ;    Singular 

VI.  Possessive  Pronouns  ;    The  Imperative  Mode     . 

VII.  Feminine  Nouns;   Auxiliary  Verbs  of  Mode 

VIII.  The  Declension  of  Adjectives;    Masculine  Nouns 

IX.  The  Declension  of  Adjectives;    Neuter  Nouns   . 

X.  The  Declension  of  Adjectives;    Feminine  Nouns 

XL  Plural  of  Strong  and  Weak  Declensions ;   Numerals 

XII.  The  Plural  of  Neuter  Nouns 

XIII.  The  Plural  of  Feminine  Nouns     . 

XIV.  The  Personal  Pronouns;    Reflective  Verbs 

XV.  The  Auxiliaries  of  Mode 

XVI.  The  Auxiliaries  of  Mode 

XVII.  Comparison  of  Adjectives  and  Adverbs 

XVIII.  The  Imperfect  Tense    .... 

XIX.  Relative  and  Interrogative  Pronouns  . 

XX.  Separable  and  Inseparable  Prefixes 

XXI.  Numerals;   Cardinal,  Ordinal,  etc. 

XXII.  Conditional  Sentences  .... 


PAGES 

xiii-xxii 

xxiii-xxiv 

1-6 


6-7 

8-12 

13-18 

18-25 

25-3° 

3**-39 

40-48 

49-55 
55-6o 
60-66 
66-76 

77-84 

85-92 

93-100 

101-106 

107-114 

1 1 5-1 24 

i25-*33 

134-142 

I43-J51 
I5I~I57 
158-168 


Xll 


CONTENTS. 


Lessons  : 

XXIII. 

XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI. 

XXVII. 

XXVIII. 

XXIX. 

XXX. 

XXXI. 


Modal  Auxiliaries ;    Conditional  and  Subjunctive 
The  Tense  Auxiliary  roerben ;    Passive  Voice 
Tenses  of  the  Indicative  Mode 
The  Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Quotation 

Prepositions 

Order  of  Words ;   Conjunctions  . 
The  Passive  Voice :  The  Accusative  Case 
The  Dative  Case  ..... 
Equivalents  of  English  Present  Participle 


Appendix: 

Exceptions  and  Supplementary  Lists 
Paradigm  of  a  Weak  Verb 
Paradigm  of  a  Strong  Verb 
Paradigms  of  Auxiliaries  of  Tense 
Paradigms  of  Auxiliaries  of  Mode 
List  of  Strong  and  Mixed  Verbs 


Vocabularies  : 

German- English  Vocabulary 
English-German  Vocabulary 


PAGES     / 

168-176 

177-187 

188-196 

196-202  / 

203-214 

215-223 

224-228 

228-238 

238-245 


247-252 
253-257 
258-259 
260-267 
267-276 
277-284 


287-336 
337-3°° 


INDEX. 


The  numerals  immediately  following  /.  and  n.  refer  to  page  and  note ;  all  others  to 
paragraphs.     The  abbreviation  cf.  signifies  compare. 


a,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 
changed  to  a,  46,  3 ;  122, 197,  2 ;  251. 

0,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 
(lfl,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 
abet,  does  not  affect  order,  p.  11,  n.4,  b. 

distinguished  from  fonbem,  p.  96,  n.  8. 

position  of,  p.  110,  n.  3. 
Absolute  superlative,  199,  2  and  3. 
Accent,  place  of,  p.  5. 

distinguishes   separable  and  inseparable 
prefixes,  p.  5,  note  ;  232. 
Accusative   case,    with  transitive  verbs, 
1,  7,  16,  17. 

of  definite  time,  p.  74,  n.  3. 

distinguished  from    dative   after  certain 
prepositions,  316. 

two  accusatives,  332,  333. 

and  genitive,  333,  3. 

of  measure,  335. 

in  certain  phrases,  338. 

object  as  logical  subject,  339,  1. 

with  reflective  verbs,  348. 
Adjectival  clause,  328,  2,  b,  and  4. 
Adjectives,  as  adverbs,  p.  46,  n.  1 ;  199, 1. 

after  roa§,  etc.,  p.  46,  n.  4. 

used  predicatively,  87, 1. 

paradigm  of  strong,  88. 

paradigm  of  weak,  89. 

paradigm  of  mixed  forms,  90. 

paradigm  of  plural,  91. 

remarks  on  declension,  92. 

as  appositives,  p.  46,  n.  4. 


in  el,  en,  er,  may  drop  e,  p.  58,  n.  1. 

may  omit  tt  in  plural,  p.  80,  n.  1. 

preceded  by  numerals,  p.  82,  n.  7. 

used  substantively,  167, 1. 

formed  with  suffix  ig,  167,  2. 

formed  from  names  of  towns,  230, 1. 

formed  from  names  of  countries,  233. 

of  measure,  etc.,  with  accusative,  335. 
Adverbs,  place  of,  p.  11,  n.  4,  a\  p.  21, 
n.  2. 

of  time,  326,  7. 
Adverbial  clause,  328,  2,  c,  and  5. 
lit,  pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 
oft,  when  uninflected,  p.  86,  n.  4. 
uXka,  like  fonbem,  p.  145,  n.  1. 
ttfle,  preceding  an  adjective,  p.  80,  n.  1. 
afleiil,  does  not  affect  order,  p.  11,  n.  4,  i. 
all  his,  fein  gcmjeS,  p.  128,  n.  5. 
Alphabet,  letters  of,  neuter,  134, 1. 
013,  when,  of  narration,  p.  113,  n.^J. 

sometimes  omitted,  p.  142,  n.  4. 
Ott,  316  and  1;  p.  207,  n  1. 
(Utbcr,  declension  of,  p.  59,  n.  1. 
embert&ttlo,  244,  2 ;  p.  154,  n.  I. 
Appellatives,  formation  of  feminine,  113  ; 

233,  n.  2;  p.  73,  n.  5. 
apud,  compare  bet,  p.  145,  n.  7. 
Article,  uses  of  definite,  p.  15,  n.  1. 

declension  of  definite,  52. 

instead  of  poss.  pron.,  87,  2  ;  183,  3. 

cf.  French  and  Greek,  p.  49,  n.  1. 

preceding  adjectives,  92,  1,  2,  3  and  4. 

definite,  omission  of,  p.  52,  n.  5. 


Xlll 


XIV 


INDEX. 


used  in  Germ,  where  omitted  in  Eng., 
p.  51,  n.  4;  p.  53,  n.  1 ;  p.  101,  n.  1. 

definite,  used  distributively,  337. 
UU,  pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 

changed  to  ixu,  46,  3 ;  122. 
Olid),  added  for  emphasis,  p.  138,  n.  1. 
ottrfj  ntdjt,  cf.neque,  p.  139,  n.  2. 
ouf,  with  dat.  and  ace,  111,  p.  72,    -.4, 

316  and  2;  p.  207,  n.  1. 
iugment  ge,  in  forming  perf.  partic,  64. 

when  not  used,  231  ;  278,  2. 
Auxiliaries,  of  tense,  fein,  109, 211, 381. 

fiaben,  211, 1,  note;  211,  2,  note;  380. 

toerben,  158,  3 ;  382. 

of  mode,  176,  182,  266,  268,  269,  383. 

place  of,  219,  328,  328, 1. 

of  passive  voice,  toerben,  382. 

B. 

fi,  pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 

English  correspondent  of,  22. 
$taf(,  pronunciation  of,  p.  10,  n.  2. 
SBor,  declension  of,  41,  5  ;  377. 
bf,  inseparable  prefix,  p.  5,  note  ;  231. 
bet,  cf.  apud,  p.  87,  n.  5;  p.  145,  n.  7. 

denotes   the  circumstances  of  an  event, 
p.  186,  n.  1 ;  315,  1. 
big,  314  ;  like  usque,  p.  203,  n.  1. 


C. 


Capitals,  begin  German  nouns,  2. 

A),  letters  changed  by  combination,  p.  1. 

pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 

when  dropped  in  f)0d),  p.  54,  n.  1. 
djeit,  as  suffix,  mark  of  diminutive,  and  of 

neuter  gender,  134,  2. 
Comparison  of  adjectives,  196-199. 

Conditional  sentence,  219,  259. 

correspondence  of  with  subj.,  258, 1. 

time  of  first  conditional,  259,  1. 

time  of  second  conditional,  259,  2. 

when  preferred  to  subj.,  p.  162,  n.  1. 
Conditional  sentence,  249,  259. 

inverted,  327,  4. 
Conjugation,  of  strong  verbs,  paradigms, 
44,  379. 

of  weak  verbs,  45,  378. 

strong  and  weak  compared,  46,  1,  2,  3. 

list  of  strong  and  mixed  verbs,  p.  277. 
See  Verbs,  Strong,  and  Weak. 


Conjunctions,  324. 

subordinating,  329. 

that  do  not  affect  order,  327,  1,  n. 
connaftre,  cf.  fentteit,  novi,  p.  141,  n.  1. 
Consonants,  pronunciation  of,  pp.  3,  4. 

English  correspondents,  22. 
cum,  cf.  mit,  p.  87,  n.  5;  p.  145,  n.  7. 

». 

b,  pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 

English  correspondents,  22. 
tin,   or   bar,   combined  with  prepositions, 

58 ;  168,  c.  [357,  (4). 

anticipates  a  following  clause,  p.  211,  n  ; 
btidjte,  use  of,  p.  223,  n.  3. 
OOfur,  p.  14,  n.  3 ;  58. 
blttf,  sometimes  omitted,  303,  3. 

introduces  substantive  clause,  328,  3. 

subordinating    conjunction     introducing 
clause  of  purpose,  329. 

introduces  a' clause  representing  posses- 
sive adjective  and  partic,  358, 359. 
Dative  case,  16, 17. 

ending  e  may  be  omitted,  28,  1. 

idiomatically  used,  p.  82,  n.  5. 

distinguished  from  accusative,  316. 

with  certain  verbs,  845,  346. 

in  certain  phrases,  347. 

of  the  reflective  pronoun,  348. 
877,  compared  with  ja,  p.  119,  n.  2. 
Declension,  nouns  grouped  as  strong  and 
weak,  26. 

paradigms  of  singular,  27,  39. 

paradigms  of  plural,  121,  128, 

tables  of  endings,  75,  131. 

of  personal  pronouns,  35. 

of  adjectives,  88-91. 

of  definite  article,  52. 

of  indefinite  article,  53. 

of  demonstrative  pronouns,  52,1. 

of    relative    pronouns,    218. 

See  also  Nouns,  Mixed  Forms,  Adjec- 
tives, and  Pronouns. 
btin,  corresponds  to  bu,  p.  10,  n.  1. 

declension  of,  54, 1. 

old  form  of  genitive,  p.  175,  n.  1. 
bCltn,  does  not  affect  order,  p.  11,  n.  4,  b. 
Dependent  clause,   preceding  principal, 
327,  3. 

when  inverted,  327,  4. 

auxiliary  and  two  infinitives  in,  828,  1. 


INDEX. 


XV 


related  to  principal,  328,  2. 

answers  toEnglish  participial  forms,  361. 
ber,  as  a  demonstrative  pronoun,    p.  41, 
n.  1;  219,  n. 

as  relative  pronoun,   like  roeldfjer,  219, 
n.;   220,  (a). 
bcutftf),  as  a  noun,  233,  n.  1. 
biejer,  how  declined,  52, 1. 
Diphthongs,  pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 
Direct  object,  place  of,  17. 
bit,  use  of,  11. 

corresponding  poss.  pron,  betn,  p.10,  n.  1. 

paradigm  of,  35. 
buret),  meaning  of,  314,  1. 

separable  or  inseparable  prefix,  232. 
burfcit,  paradigm  of  present  indie,  82. 

imperfect  subjunc.  of,  p.  171,  n.  1. 

E. 

e,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2  and  n.  2. 
inserted,  46,  1. 
changed  to  i  or  ie,  46,  3. 
dropped  in  declension  of  nouns,  28,  1. 
dropped  in  unfer  and  euer,  54,  2. 
dropped    in    second  person  singular  of 

imperative,  56. 
dropped  in  case  of  adjectives  in  el,  en, 

er,  p.  58,  n.  1. 
derivatives  in  e  feminine,  133. 
W,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 
ei,  pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 

final,  marks  nouns  as  feminine,  133,  3. 
entj),  inseparable  prefix,  p.  5,  n. 
m,  ending  of  weak  nouns,  40,  1;  129. 
adjective-ending  instead   of    e§,  p.  49, 

n.  3 ;  92,  2  and  n. 
marks  nouns  as  masculine,  132,  2. 
Endings,  tables  of,  75,  131. 
English,  certain  distinctions  in,  limited,  p. 
206,  n.  1. 
indef.  article  in  a  distributive  sense,  337. 
transitive  verbs  corresponding  to  German 

intransitive,  345. 
present    participle,    equivalents    of     in 

German,  355-362. 
verbal  nouns  in  ing,  equivalents  of,  ibid. 
participial  forms  expressing  various  re- 
lations, 361. 
ent,  inseparable  prefix,  p.  5,  n. 
eillifle,  preceding  an  adjective,  p.  80,  n.  1. 


tt,  inseparable  prefix,  p.  5,  n. 

as  plural  ending,  126. 

adjectives  formed  by  adding,  230, 1. 
tS,  paradigm  of,  35. 

rarely  with  a  preposition,  58. 

as  genitive  ending,  28 ;  p.  49,  n.  3. 

answers  to  expletive  there,  p.  53,  n.  6. 

introduces  a  sentence,  p.  96,  n.  2. 

as  a  subject,  sometimes  omitted,  344. 

e§  giebt  (gibt),  339,  3,  and  note. 
effeil,  paradigm  of  pres.  indie,  62. 
et,  suffix  of  old  genitive,  p.  96,  n.  7. 
etUia**,  how  written,  p.  20,  n.  3. 

neuter  adjective  joined  to,  as  an  apposi- 
tive,  p.  46,  n.  4. 
ett,  pronunciation  of,  p.  3. 
euer,  declension,  54,  2. 
every,  how  expressed,  p.  121,  n.  6. 

F. 

f,  English  correspondents  of,  22. 
Feminine  nouns,  certain,  classed  with 
strong  nouns,  26,  2  ;  125,  2. 

list  of,  classed  with  strong  nouns,  371. 

not  changed  in  the  singular,  26,  2. 

mostly  of  weak  declension,  40,  2. 

plural  of  those  in  in,  p.  73,  n.  5. 

appellatives    formed    from    masculines, 
113,  233,  n.  2.     See  Gender. 
Foreign  nouns,  declension  of,  41,  4. 
Srou,  use  of,  p.  123,  n.  2. 
French,  use  of  article,  87,  2  and  note,  1. 
/aire,  cf.  laffen,  193. 

connaitre,  cf.  lennert,  p.  141,  n.  1. 

savoir,  cf.  tmffett,  p.  141,  n.  1. 

ily  a,  cf.  e§  gtebt,  p.  226,  n.  1. 
3fUrjt,  declension  of,  41,  5;  377. 
fitr  toeu,  use  of,  p.  13,  n.  2. 

G. 

(J,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4  and  n.  1. 

English  correspondents  of,  22. 
(je,  inseparable  prefix,  p.  5,  n. 

as  augment,  64. 

as  prefix  of  neuter  nouns,  123,  4 ;  125, 
4;  134,4. 

when  omitted  in  perf.  part.,  231,  278,2. 
gegeu,  314,  2. 

©etnttljl,  ©emoJjltn,  use  of,  p.  123,  n.  2. 
Qeuittff,  precedes  or  follows  its  noun,  288. 


XVI 


INDEX. 


Gender  of  compound  nouns,  how  deter- 
mined, p.  44,  n.  2 ;  135. 
names  of  countries,  p.  47,  n.  1 ;  134,  1. 
masculine  nouns,  132. 
feminine  nouns,  133. 
neuter  nouns,  134. 
of  predicate  noun,  etc.,  173. 
of  pronoun  as  subject,  173. 
Genitive  case,  substitution  of  non  with 

dative  for,  p.  74,  n.  1. 
to  denote  time  indefinitely,  p.  74,  n.  3. 
to  denote  manner,  146. 
compared  with  Latin,   after  impersonal 

verbs,  167,  3. 
with  verbs  of  accusing,  etc. ,  333,  3. 
Genitive  singular,  form  of,  distinguishes 

declensions,  28,  40,  1. 
ending  dropped,  51,  1. 
of  adjectives,  pp.  49,  n.  3 ;  50,  n.l ;  92, 2. 
ending  dropped  in  names  of  months,  p. 

104,  n.  5. 
old  forms  of  mem,  bein,  fein,  p.  96,  n. 

7;  p.  137,  n.  5. 
Greek,  use  of  article  compared  with  the 

same  in  German,  87,  n.  1. 
SeKa,  cf.  old  English  tig,  p.  152,  n.  1. 
dAAa,  cf.  fonbern,  p.  145,  n.  1. 

Srj,  cf.  ja,  p.  119,  n.  2. 

construction  in  indirect  quotation,  p.  197, 

n.  2. 
compression  of  a  clause  into  an  adjective, 

p.  241,  n.  1. 

H. 

t),  often  suppressed,  p.  4,  n.  2  ;  p.  16,  n.  3. 
I) (t licit,  paradigm  of  pres.  ind.,  42. 

complete  paradigm  of,  380. 
^ttft,  suffix,  has  I)  sounded,  p.  4,  n.  2. 
Ijalli,  an  adjective,  244,  c. 
IjiUlicu  or  linllicr,  318. 
fjaltcit,  partial  paradigm  of,  208. 
()tlt,  pronunciation  of,  p.  8,  n.  1. 
Ijcit,  suffix,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4,  n.  2. 

marks  nouns  as  feminine,  133,  3. 
§elb,  declension  of,  41,  5;  377. 
tjclfcn,  paradigm  of  pres.  ind.,  70. 
£>crr,  paradigm  of,  39. 

declension,  41,  5;  377. 
l)Clllf,  position  in  the  sentence,  2. 
Ijfldf),  declension  of,  p.  54,  n.  1. 


however,  cf.  aGer,  p.  110,  n.  3. 
fjUUfocrt,  neuter  noun  in  plural,  143,  5. 
hundred,  a,  how  expressed,  24£,  3. 

I. 

i,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 
silent  when   followed  by  e  in  the  same 
syllable,  p.  4,  n.  2. 
irfj,  not  written  with  a  capital,  p.  11,  n.  2. 
as    suffix,    marks    nouns  as  masculine, 
132,  2. 
it,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 

final,  marks  nouns  as  feminine,  133,  3. 
in,     suffix,    marks    nouns    as    masculine, 
132,  2. 
forms  adjectives,  167,  2;  185. 
$ljr,  use  of,  11. 

declension  of,  54,  1. 
iljr,  declension  of,  54,  1. 
$ilrem,  %\t*\\,  ^^nen,  how  distinguished, 

p.  21,  n.  3. 
ttttmcr,  added  for  emphasis,  p.  138,  n.  1. 
Imperative  mode,  of  the  strong  and  of  the 

weak  conjugations,  55. 
Imperfect  tense,  paradigm  of,  250,  267. 
formation  of  subjunctive  of,  251. 
of  subjunctive,  referring  to  present  time, 

259, 1. 
of  subjunctive  to  express  an  impossible 

present  wish,  p.  174,  n.  6. 
of  subjunctive,  instead  of  present  subjunc- 
tive, 305,  1. 
used  instead  of  first  conditional,  259,  3. 
of  modal  auxiliaries,  269. 
in  narrative,  both  in  principal  and  depend- 
ent  clauses,  294. 
itt,  withdat.  and  ace,  111,  p.  72,  n.  4;  316; 
p.  207,  n.  1. 
as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  feminine,  133, 3 
forms  fern,  appellatives,  113,  238,  n.  2 
Indirect  object,  place  of,  17. 
Infinitive,  without  jit,  79,  (1). 
after  modal  auxiliaries,  p.  45,  n.  2. 
after  certain  verbs,  p.  90,  n.  3. 
with  perfect  of  modal  auxiliaries,  177. 
in  place  of  past  participle  of  certain  verbs, 

p.  103,  n.  1. 
dependent  on  laffen,  198. 
after   bletben,   like  a   present  participle, 
denoting  manner,  p.  129,  n.  2. 


INDEX. 


XV11 


active,  after  fein,  fteben,  p.  146,  n.  1. 

compound  tense  of,  p.  216,  n.  1. 

as  equivalent  of  English  present  participle 

and  verbal  in  ing,  356. 
equivalent  of  verbal  noun  as  subject,  p. 
240,  n.  1. 
ilt(J,  as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  masculine, 

132,  2. 
Interrogative  words,  219,  note  ;  328, 3. 
Intransitive  verbs,  with  fein  as  auxiliary, 
109,  211. 

J. 

\,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 

jjn,   pronunciation  of,  p.  7,  n.  2. 

compared  with  8jj,  p.  119,  n.  2. 
jamdiu,  cf.  fcbon  and  feit,  292,  note. 
jcber,  how  declined,  52,  1. 
jc  uadjtoem,  p.  192,  n.  2. 
jener,  how  declined,  52,  1. 

K. 

f,  English  correspondents  of,  22. 

represented  by  sh,  p.  28,  n.  2. 
feilt,  declension  of,  54,  1. 

negative  of  ein,  p.  95,  n.  1. 
feit,  as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  feminine, 

133,  3. 
fennen,  compared  with  Latin  novi,  French 
connaitre,  p.  141,  n.  1. 

distinguished  from  TDtffen,  ibid. 
ftinnctt,  paradigm  of  pres.  ind.,  82. 

complete  paradigm  of,  384. 

Em 

l(UtQ§,  governs  dat.  and  gen.,  318. 
Infjeit,  partial  paradigm  of,  194. 

perfect  of,  p.  103,  n.  1. 
Latin  compared  with  German  : 

time  of  an  action,  p.  15,  n.  1. 

active  periphrastic  corresponding  to  forms 

of  rooUen,  79,  (2). 
aliquid  novi,  ettOCtS  neue§,  p.  46,  n.  4. 
perfect  participle  as  an  adjective,  100. 
in  and  sub,  with  accusative  and  ablative, 

p.  72,  n.  4. 
e  and  ex,  used  like  BOlt,  p.  74,  n.  1. 
ipse,  used  like  felbft,  158,  2. 
formation    of    future    tense  unlike    the 

German,  158,  3. 
apud,  used  like  bet,  p.  87,  n.  5, 


cum,  compared  with  mit,  p.  145,  n.  7. 

use  of  dative,  183,  3. 

pudet,    with    genitive,  like    fdjamt  ftcb, 

167,  3. 
dico,  equivalent  of  roollen,  167,  4. 
autem,  like  after,  p.  110,  n.  3. 
hie  —  ille,  like  b'tefer  —  jener,  p.  128,  n.  2. 
nihilo,  like  um  nidjtS,  p.  138,  2. 
neqtie,  like  dud)  —  ntcfit,  p.  139,  n.  2. 
novi,  like  fennen  and  connattre,  p.  141, 

n.  1. 
scio,  like  nriffen  and  savoir,  ibid, 
etiam,  like  nodj,  p.  149,  n.  4. 
decent,  cf.  old  English  tig,  p.  152,  n.  1. 
alter,  like  ber  onbere,  244,  2. 
imperfect    and    pluperfect    subjunctive, 
in  conditional  sentences,  259,  note. 
jamdiu,  with  present,  like  fdjon  and  feit, 

292,  note. 

perfect  contrasted  with  German  perfect, 

293,  note. 

construction  in  indirect  quotation,  p.  197, 

n.2. 
usque,  like  bt§,  p.  203,  n.  1. 
impersonal  verbs  in  the  active,  339,  2. 
impersonal  verbs  in  the  passive,  p.  229, 

n.  1. 
verbs  governing  dative,  p.  230,  n.  1. 
let,  as  suffix,  244,  b. 
lent,  as  suffix,  mark  of  diminutive  and  of 

neuter  gender,  134,  2. 
lefeit,  paradigm  of  present,  70. 
Letters,  certain,  changed  in  form  by  com- 
bination, p.  1. 
fittfl,  as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  masculine, 
132,  2. 

M. 

ttt  final  distinguishes  nouns   as   masculine, 

132,  2. 
mol,  as  suffix,  244,  a. 
manrtjc,  preceding  an  adjective,  p.  80,  n.  1. 
tttandjer,  how  declined,  52,  1. 
9Rann,  use  of,  p.  123,  n.  2. 
Masculine  nouns,  in  e,  41,  2. 

monosyllabic,  not  in  e,  41,  3;  130,  3. 

in  el,  em,  en,  er,  123, 1. 

of  strong  nouns,  second  class,  125,  1. 

of  strong  nouns,  third  class,  127,  1. 

singular  for  plural,  152. 

of  strong  declension,  first  class,  that  mod- 
ify the  vowel  in  the  plural,  367. 


XV111 


INDEX. 


mixed  in  declension,  368,  370. 

strong  nouns,  three  classes  of,  120. 

monosyllabic,  not  modifying  vowel  in  the 

first  class,  formation  of  plural,  122. 

plural,  369. 

second  class,  formation  of  plural,  124. 

belonging    to    strong    declension,    third 

third  class,  formation  of  plural,  126. 

class,  374. 

masculines  in  el,  cm,  en,  er,  of  first  class, 

form  genitive  singular  irregularly,  376. 

123, 1. 

not  ending  in  e,  but  of  weak  declension, 

masculines,  other  than  those  in  e,  el,  em, 

377. 

en,  er,  mostly  of  second  class,  125,  1. 

inetjmc  preceding  an  adjec,  p.  80,  n.  1. 

a  few  masculines  of  third  class,  127,  1 ; 

irregular  comparative  of  niele,  198. 

374. 

nttitt,  paradigm  of,  53. 

masculines  in  e,  of  weak  decl.,  130,  2. 

ajjenjdj,  declension,  41,  5;  377. 

See  also,  368,  370,  376. 

mir,  position  of,  p.  96,  n.  4. 

feminines  unchanged  in  the  sing.,  40,  2. 

Uttfe,  prefix,  rarely  separable,  p.  5,  n.  3. 

feminine  proper  names,  74. 

Htit,  like  Latin  cum,  p.  87,  n.  5;  p.  145, 

feminines  formed  from  masculines,  113. 

n.  7. 

feminines  of  strong  decl.,  125,  2;  371. 

Mixed  forms,  of  adjectives,  90. 

most  feminines  of  weak  decl.,  130,  1. 

of  nouns,  368,  370,  373,  376. 

neuters  in  d)en  and  lein  of  first  class, 

of  verbs,  see  list  of  strong  and  mixed. 

123, 1. 

ntOQtn,  paradigm  of  pres.  ind.,  82. 

neuters  with  prefix  ge  and  ending  in  e,  of 

use  of  imperfect,  p.  171,  n.  3. 

first  class,  123,  4. 

complete  paradigm  of,  388. 

monosyllabic   neuters   of    second    class, 

tmifjcit,  paradigm  of  pres.  ind.,  78. 

125,  3. 

complete  paradigm,  383. 

monosyllabic  neuters  of  third  class,  127, 

2;  375. 

N. 

foreign,  125,  1;  130,4. 

It,  ending  of  weak  nouns  in  oblique  cases, 

weak,  do  not  modify  vowel,  130,  note. 

40,1. 

singular  for  plural,  152. 

a  plural  ending,  129. 

formed  from  names  of  countries,  233. 

may  be  omitted,  p.  80,  n.  1. 

See  also  Gender. 

nod),  precedes  or  follows  its  noun,  288. 

Hi,  genitive  ending  of  feminines  in  e,  74. 

use  of,  315,  2  ;  p.  207,  n.  1. 

Number,  singular  for  plural,  152. 

norfiocm,  transposes  the  verb,  p.  181,  n.  3. 

of  predicate  noun,  etc.,  173. 

Names,  of  females,  74. 

Numerals,  before  adjectives,  p.  82,  n.  7. 

of  persons  with  the  article,  28,  3;  p.  51, 

odd  numbers,  243,  4. 

n.  4. 

iterative,  244,  a. 

Neuter  nouns,  singular  for  plural,  152. 

variative,  244,  b. 

with  prefix  gc,  123,  4;  125,  4;  127,  2; 

fractional,  244,  c. 

370, 2  ;  372,  373,  375. 

nut,  added  for  emphasis,  p.  138,  n.  1. 

Jltdjt,  position  in  the  sentence,  p.  9,  n.  1 ; 

nur  \o,  p.  150,  n.  10. 

326,  8  and  9. 

O. 

nidlts,  how  written,  p.  20,  n.  3. 

neuter  adjective  joined  to,  as  an  apposi- 

0,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2  and  n.  3. 

tive,  p.  46,  n.  4. 

changed  to  0,  46,  3 ;  122;  197,2;  251. 

negative  of  etwa§,  p.  95,  n.  1. 

0,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 

nod),  cf.  Latin  etiam,  p.  149,  n.  4. 

Object,  order  of  direct  and  indirect,  17. 

Nominative  case,  1,  7. 

Cd)«j,  declension  of,  41,  5;  377. 

plural,  basis  of  classification,  120. 

ODcr,  does  not  affect  order,  p.  11,  n.  4,  b. 

Nouns,  grouped  in  two  declensions,  26,  1. 

of  mine,  etc.,  how  expressed,  p.  95,  n.  3 

strong  and  weak  declensions,  27,  28,  39, 

ofjltf  DOR,   clause  introduced  by,  358. 

40,  41,  121,  128, 129,  130. 

00,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 

INDEX. 


XIX 


Order  of  words,  147,  (1)  and  (2). 

affected  by  roenn,  p.  83,  n.  10. 

of  ntir  and  bir,  p.  96,  n.  4. 

auxiliary  with  two  infinitives,  183,  2. 

with  dependent  clause  first,  p.  109,  n.  6. 

adverbial  expressions  of  time,  326,  7. 

in  dependent  clause,  212,  219. 

in  indirect  quotation  with  bafj  omitted, 
303,  3. 

normal,  326. 

inverted,  327. 

transposed,  328. 

in  exclamatory  sentences,  p.  218,  n.  1. 

affected  by  emphasis,  327,  1. 

normal  and  inverted,  327,  4,  note. 
Orthography,  modern,  p.  4,  n.  2. 

P. 

p,  English  correspondent  of,  22. 
Participles,  place  of,  2,  326,  2,  3,  a  and 
b;  p.  216,  n.  1. 

past,  as  predicate  adjective,  100. 

infinitive  substituted  for,  p.  103,  n.  1. 

when  augment  of  ge,  omitted  231. 

as  virtual  adjectives,  281,  1. 

equivalents  of  English  present,  355-362. 
Passive  voice,  synopsis  of,  277. 

formation  of,  278,  2. 

complete  paradigm  of,  378,  II. 
Perfect  tense,  formation  of,  31,  109. 

of  modal  auxiliaries,  177,  184. 

used  instead  of  future  perfect,  219,  (2). 

rendered  by  English  preter. ,  8,  293,  (1). 

denotes  a  completed  act,  293,  (2). 

used  in   short   questions   and    answers, 
293,  (3). 

not   used   in    historical    narrative,    293, 
note. 
J)f,  English  correspondent  of,  22. 
Pluperfect    subjunctive,    paradigm    of, 

252. 

corresponds  to  second  conditional,  258, 1. 

refers  to  past  time,  in  supposition  contrary 
to  fact,  259,  2. 

correspondence  with  Latin,  259,  note. 

when  used  in  place  of  second  conditional, 
259,  3. 

paradigms  of  modal  auxiliaries,  383-388. 

of  modal  auxiliaries  in  place  of  second 
conditional,  269. 

of  an  impossible  past  wish,  p.  174,  n.  6. 


Plural  of  nouns,  determines  classification 
of,  as  strong  or  weak,  26,  1. 

determines  class  of  strong  decl.,  120. 

formation  of  in  strong  decl.,  121-127. 

formation  of  in  weak  decl.,  128-131. 

singular  used  instead  of,  152. 

irregular  formation  of,  367-373. 
Prefixes  of  verbs,  inseparable,  not  accen 
ted,  p.  5,  note ;  229,  231. 

separable,  accented,  64. 

place  of,  64;  p.  129,  n.  1 ;  326, 1,  a  and  b. 

when  not  disjoined  from  the  root,  230,  2. 

separable  and  inseparable,  232. 
Prepositions,  312,  314,  315,  316,  317. 

with  dative,  288,  315. 

with  accusative,  314. 

with  dative  and  accusative,  316. 

with  genitive,  317. 
Present  tense,  for  future,  p.  43,  n.  3. 

rendered  by  the  perfect,  293,  (1). 

denotes  a  continued  action,  292,  (2). 

accompanied  by  fdjon  and  feit,  292,  (3). 
Principal  parts  of  verbs,  p.  34,  n.  5. 
*Prtnj,  declension  of,  41,  5;  377. 
Pronominal   adjectives,    affect  declen- 
sion of  following  adjective,  92,  1  and  2. 
Pronouns,   personal,    place  of,  when  ob- 
jects, p.  11,  n.  3;  17. 

paradigms  of  personal,  35. 

referring  to  things,  168,  a. 

genitive  of  replaced  by  felb,  168,  b. 

possessive,  paradigm  of,  53  ;  54, 1  and  2. 

used  substantively,  67,  1 ;  68, 185. 

interrogative,  p.  62,  n.  2 ;  115. 

substantive,  115,  (3). 

neuter  singular  subject  of  feitt,  173. 

gender  of  poss.,  used  substantively,  173. 

third  person  used  in  addressing  inferiors, 
p.  244,  n.  1. 

relative,  paradigm  of,  218. 

relative,  not  omitted,  220,  (b). 

relative,  after  prepositions,  221. 
Pronunciation,  pp.  2-5. 

See  also  separate  letters. 
Purpose,  how  expressed,  109  ;  p.  131,  n. 
10. 

by  clause  with  bafc,  bomit,  etc.,  329. 

R. 

r,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 
changed  to  3,  167,  2. 


XX 


INDEX. 


Beading  Lessons,  191,  205,  216,  223, 
228,  235,  240,  218,  265,  274,  275, 
283,  289,  299,  307,  308,  309,  311, 
322,  331,  341,  354,  365,  366. 
Relative  clause,   equivalent    of    English 
present  participle,  362. 
descriptive,  participles  in  place  of,  363, 
and  note. 
Relative  pronoun,  paradigm  of,  218. 
not  omitted,  220,  {b). 
substitutes  for,  221. 
place  of,  p.  136,  n.  2. 
effect  on  order,  219,  (1). 
introduces  an  adjective  clause,  828,  4. 

S. 
j,  final,  p.  1,  n.  1. 

pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 

English  correspondents  of,  22. 
jol,  as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  neuter,  134, 3. 
savoir,  cf.  roijien,  and  scio,  p.  141,  n.  1. 
jd),  pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 
(djaft,  as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  feminine, 

183,  3. 
frtjon,  with  present  tense,  292,  (3). 

compared  with  Jamdiu,  292,  note. 
jdlUiimmctt,  partial  paradigm  of,  208. 
fefjr,  distinguished  from  Dtel,  p.  105,  n.  6. 
fein,  declension  of,  54,  1. 
jeitt,  paradigm  of  present  and  perfect,  30. 

f.  abbreviation  of,  p.  45,  n.  1. 

complete  paradigm  of,  381. 
fttt,  with  present  tense,  292,  (3). 

compared  with  ja7ndiu,  292,  note. 
\t\,  as  suffix  marks  nouns  as  neuter,  134,  S. 
fell)/  in  place  of  gen.  of  personal  pronoun, 
168,  b. 

after  a  preposition,  168,  c. 
ftlbft,  its  use,  158,  2. 
©if,  personal  pronoun,  use  of,  11. 

corresponding  possessive  pronoun   %1)X, 
11,  n.  1. 

Sie  and   3>br  compared  with    vos  and 
vester,  p.  10,  n.  1. 
JO  begins  principal  clause,  p.  109,  n.  6. 
ioldjer,  how  declined,  52,  1. 
t     f Ollftt,  paradigm  of  pres.  ind.  78. 

compared  with  passive  of  dico,  167,  4. 

use  of  imperfect,  p.  171,  n.  3. 

complete  paradigm,  386. 
jouorrn  does  not  affect  order,  p.  11,  n.  4. 


distinguished  from  aber,  p.  96,  n.  8. 

compared  with  dAAa,  p.  145,  n.  1. 
ftet)len,  partial  paradigm  of,  208. 
Subject,  following  verb,  327,  1  and  2. 

sometimes  omitted,  344. 

of  dependent  clause  changed,  359. 

verbal  noun  as  subject  rendered  by  infini- 
tive, p.  240,  n.  1. 
Subjunctive,  formation  of  imperfect,  251. 

in  indirect  quotation,  300. 

paradigm  of  present,  301. 

present,  how  formed,  302,  (1). 

answering  to  the  English  ind.  303,  1. 

imperfect  for  present,  305,  1. 

of  softened  assertion,  p.  223,  n.  3. 

See  also  Imperfect  and  Pluperfect. 
Substantive  clause,  328,  2,  a;  328,  3. 
Suffixes  :  er  to  form  adjectives  from  proper 
names,  230, 1. 

ct,  p.  96,  n.  7.     t,  p.  96,  n.  7. 

Jig,  243,  2  and  note. 

See  also  the  several  letters. 
superlative,  adverbially  used,  199. 

absolute,  199,  2  and  3. 

relative,  199, 1. 
jj,  changed  in  form  by  combination,  p.  1. 

how  put  in  Roman  type,  p.  1,  note. 

how  pronounced,  p.  4. 

English  correspondent  of,  22. 
'  Strong,'   see    Nouns,  Declension,  Ad- 
jectives, Verbs. 

T. 

t,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 

English  correspondents  of,  22. 

final,  marks  nouns  as  feminine,  133,  2. 

as  suffix  to  unfer,  and  euer,  in  composi- 
tion with  J»aUJert,  roegen,  and  milieu, 
p.  96,  n.  7. 
tOUfeno,  without  indefinite  article,  243,  3. 

used  as  neuter  substantive,  243,  5. 
tcL  see  2(l>)eil,  244,  c. 
Tenses,  of  condit.  mode,  how  formed,  255. 

first  conditional,  of  present  time,  259,  1 

second  conditional,  of  past  time,  259,  2. 

in  indirect  quotation,  303,  2. 

assimilation  of,  805,  1. 
tl),  pronunciation  of,  p.  4,  and  n.  2. 
2(G)eil  (tel),  added  to  ordinals,  244,  c. 
%\)0t,  declension  of,  41,  5  ;  877. 
thousand,  a,  how  expressed,  243,  3. 


INDEX. 


XXI 


t(bjttnt,  nouns  in,  126. 

complete  paradigm  of,  378. 

two  masculines  in,  127,  3. 

See   also,   Auxiliaries,    Conjugation, 

as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  neuter,  134,  3. 

Tenses. 

Time  of  an  action,  expressed  by  an  with 

toerf(f)h»tntoeit,  partial  paradigm  of,  208. 

dative,  p.  15,  n.l. 

Tester,  vos,  correspond  like  ©ie  and  %\)X, 

indefinitely  indicated,  p.  74,  n.  3. 

p.  10,  n  1. 

definitely  indicated,  p.  74,  n.  3. 

toiel,  distinguished  from  feljr,  p.  105,  n.  6. 

trotf,  governs  dat.  and  gen.,  318. 

btelc,  preceding  an  adjective,  p.  80,  n.  1. 

tuus,  tu,  corresponding  to    bu,  bein,  p. 

Vocabularies,  follow  exercises,  beginning 

10,  n.  1. 

at  76. 

tj,  changed  in  form  by  combination,  p.  1. 

omitted,  beginning  at  810. 

pronunciation  of,  p.  4, 

Vocative,  without  the  article,  p.  51,  n.  4. 

toOtt,  with  dat.,  instead  of  gen.,  p.  74,  n.  1. 

U. 

toor,  316,  and  4;  p.  209,  n.  1. 

U,  pronunciation  of,  p.  2. 

Vowels,  pure  and  modified,  p.  2. 

changed  to  it,  122  ;  197,  2;  251. 

long,  when  doubled  or  followed  by  silent 

iifier,  governs  dat.  and  ace,  316  and  3. 

b,  p.  3,  note. 

Uttt,  governs  accusative,  314  and  3. 

before  a  doubled  consonant  or  two  con- 

Utlt tttdjt$,  expresses  degree,  p.  138,  n.  2. 

sonants,  p.  3,  note. 

urn  —  tofflett,  318. 

changed  in  strong  verbs,  46,  2  and  3. 

Uttt  —  jit,  to  express  purpose,  109. 

"        "       "      nouns,  first  class,  122. 

Uttb,  does  not  affect  order,  p.  11,  n.  4,  b. 

"        "      "          "       second  cl.,  124. 

unb  fo  metier,  p.  30,  n.  1. 

"        "      "          "      third  class,  126. 

ttttg,   as  suffix,  marks  nouns  as  feminine, 

modified  (changed)    in  English,  p.  70, 

133,  3. 

n.  2;  p.  117,  n.  1. 

tlttfer,  declined,  53. 

ttnlcr,  governs  dat.  and  ace,  816,  5. 

W. 

usque,  compared  with  bt§,  p.  203,  n.  1. 

tD,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 

UK! tut,  when  of  interrogation,  p.  113,  n.  6. 

V. 

tojcirb,  for  tourbe,  p.  158,  n.  1. 

to,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 

ttJOj,  neuter  adjective  joined  to  as  apposi- 

bcr,  inseparable  prefix,  p.  5,  note. 

tive,  p.  46,  n.  4. 

Verbal  nouns  in  itig,  equivalents  of,  in 

paradigm  of,  218. 

German,  355-362. 

as  an  interrogative  pronoun,  219,  note. 

Verbs,  compounded  with  prepositions  etc. 

as  a  relative  pronoun,  220,  (a)  and  (b). 

64. 

toJOS  fur,  indeclinable  adjective,  115,  (1). 

with  inseparable  prefixes  231. 

toJItS  flit  ettt,  an  interrogative  adjective  pro- 

with variable  prefixes,  232. 

noun,  p.  62,  n.  2 ;  115,  (2). 

intransitive    having    feilt,    as    auxiliary, 

UlflS    fttr   einer,    a    substantive    pronoun, 

109,  211. 

115,  (3). 

compounded  with  be,    ent,    and   many 

'Weak,'  see  Nouns,  Declension,  Adjec* 

separable  prefixes,  take  dative,  346. 

tives,  Verbs. 

impersonal  with  dative,  347. 

bjegeu,  precedes  or  follows  its  noun,  318. 

reflective  with  dative,  348. 

Uieldjer,  how  declined,  52, 1. 

strong,    conjugation  of,    partial    para- 

like ber,  219,  note;  220,  (a). 

digms  of,  44,  208,  250,  301. 

bjentge,  preceding  an  adjective,  p.  80,  n.  1. 

complete  paradigm  of,  379. 

luenn,  when,  implying  condition  cr  repeated 

remarks  on  forms,  46,  1,  2,  and  3 ;  251. 

action,  p.  113,  n.  6. 

list  of  strong  and  miy»d,  p.  277. 

sometimes  omitted,  258,  3. 

Weak,  conjugation  of,  partial  paradigms 

hJrr,  effect  on  order,  p.  99,  n.  5. 

of,  45,  207,  250,801. 

interrogative,  219,  note. 

XX11 


INDEX. 


sometimes  means  lie  -who,  220,  (i>). 
fyerben,  auxiliary  of  tense,  158,  3. 

partial  paradigm  of,  159. 

synopsis  of,  277. 

complete  paradigm  of,  382. 

its  auxiliary,  278,  1. 

as  auxiliary  of  passive  voice,  378,  II. 
when,  how  expressed,  p.  113,  n.  6. 
hither,  used  as  an  inseparable  prefix,  231. 
toie,  when  omitted,  p.  142,  n.  4. 
untten,  see  um  —  raillen. 
toiijot,  paradigm  of  pres.  ind.  62. 

approaches  f onnen  in  sense  p.  96,  n.  1. 

distinguished  from  fennen,  p.  141,  n.  1. 

compared  with  savoir,  and  scio,  141,  n.  1. 

paradigm  of  present  subjunctive,  301. 


with,  German  equivalents,  p.  87,  n.  5. 
too,  combined  with  prepositions,  221. 
touitfrfjen,  partial  paradigm  of,  207. 

Z. 

3,  pronunciation  of,  p.  4. 

English  correspondent  of,  22. 
3Cr,  inseparable  prefix,  p.  5,  note. 
JU,  with  infin.  to  express  purpose,  p.  131, 
n.  10. 

omitted  with  infin.  after  certain  verbss 
p.  45,  n.  2;  p.  90,  n.  3. 

as  pref.  with  dat.,  315,  4;  p.  207,  n.  1. 
3Ufol(je,  governs  dat.  and  gen.,  318. 
311  fjufef,  on  foot,  p.  54,  n.  2. 
3tonn3t0,  for  jweinaia,  243, 1. 


The  German  Alphabet  as  written. 


Capital  Letters. 


V 


<ffi>    <Z°  ^ 


Small  Letters. 


p 


/J 


a  tr- 


Modified  Vowels. 


////// 


Diphthongs. 


&.a#& 


T/^   -/^    ^^ 


s4W    s€Wf    s4k>/^    s0f  s4SW 


Double  Consonants.      v* 


6£*vw~zm 


r5nswjL 


^/fiC^T  <=^/^fr# 


/^ 


GERMAN  LESSONS. 


German  Alphabet. 

German 
letters. 

Roman 
letters. 

German 
name. 

German 
letters. 

Roman 
letters. 

German 
name. 

%  a 

A,  a 

ah. 

91,  n 

N,  n 

enn. 

»,i 

B,  b 

bay. 

©,  0 

0,  o 

oh. 

€,c 

C,  c 

tsay. 

%% 

F,P 

pay. 

%  1 

D,  d 

day. 

C,f 

Q.q 

koo. 

®,  e 

E,  e 

a. 

%  t 

R,  r 

en 

»,f 

F,  f 

eff. 

•.M* 

S,  s 

esc 

•,l 

G,g 

gay. 

%,t 

T,  t 

tay« 

e.*- 

H,  h 

hah. 

U,  M 

U,  u 

00. 

3,i 

I,  i 

ee. 

»,* 

V,  v 

fow. 

3,1 

hi 

yot. 

SB.tt 

W,  w 

vay. 

$, ! 

K,  k 

kah. 

*#  1 

X,  x 

iks. 

s,  r 

L,l 

ell. 

?M 

Y,y 

ipsilon 

8K,  m 

M,  m 

emm. 

8,5 

Z,  z 

\set. 

Certain  letters  are  somewhat  changed  in  form  by  combi- 
nation with  others.     Observe  the  following : 


dj  =  ch. 

$    as   ck. 


6  =  ss. 

%  =  Is. 


Note.  —  After  long  vowels,  diphthongs,  and  at  the  end  of  words,  § 
is  used  instead  of  ff.     In  Roman  letters  ft  is  represented  by  ss. 


1  This  form  is  used  at  the  end      the  first  part  of  compound  words 
of  words,  and  also  at  the  end  of      2Ji(Ul£,  (SiSbcrjJ. 


PRONUNCIATION. 


%  a 
9la,  aa 

®,  C  long  | 

(Se,  ec       i 

($,  C  short 
3,  t  long 

3e,ie 

3.  t  short 

€>  long 

£a, 

C,  0  short 

It,  tt  long 

It,  u  short 


PRONUNCIATION. 
VOWELS, 
last   syllable   of  papa  : l  $8ai)\\, 
Dtomcn,  Stat,  ©aal 


a   in 


gc&cn,  ©eele. 
benn,  SBctt 
Ujr,  2)tc6. 
Sifc,  flinb. 
SBotytc,  9ftooS. 


=  #  in  mate 

=  *?  in  w^ 

=  t  in  mac  J  due 

=  r  in  //zV 

=  0  in  //tf/j> 

=  0    in  wholly* 

=  oo  in  spool 

=  «   in  _/>/// 

=  i    as  given  above. 

MODIFIED    VOWELS. 

♦  ♦ 

5t,    a     is  nearly  like  German  c  as  given  above  :  grdmen, 

mcifjen ;  iinbern,  banner. 
♦♦ 

0,   i    resembles  u  in  burr,  or  eu  in  the  French  words 

pen,  feu;  SBorfc. 
tt,   tt     has  no  English  equivalent ;  it  is  pronounced  like 

the  French  u  in  tu  :  §itttc. 


©olb,  offen. 
SBlumc,  gut. 
SJhuib,  $imb. 


1  Also  the  same  sound  short- 
ened, that  of  the  first  a  in  papa : 
S&aiib,  fann,  23all. 

2  But  sometimes   a  more  open 


cented  syllables  the  sound  is  ob- 
scure and  often  approaches  that  of 
u  in  but. 

3  That  is,  as  the  word  is  corn- 


sound,  more   especially  when  fol-       monly     pronounced :     the    sound 
lowed  by  r :   tuer ,   leer.     In   unac-       heard  in  holy,  shortened. 


PRONUNCIATION. 


DIPHTHONCS. 

closely  resemble     ei     in  Jieight :  deafer,  (5t3. 


®i,  ci 

5(u,  ttu       =    ou  in  //<?//.$•<? :  Wlau$,  gfauben,  braun. 


2(u,  au 
(Su,  eu 


resemble  02  in  soil:  dauber,  greunb. 


Note.     A  vowel  is  long  when  doubled  or  followed  by  silent  h. 

A  vowel   is  short  before   a  doubled  consonant,  and   usually 
before  two  consonants  :  Gutter,  £>unb,  batb. 

CONSONANTS. 

The  consonants  have  for  the  most  part  the  same 
sound  as  in  English  ;  the  following  are  the  principal 
exceptions  : 

$     final  closely  resembles  p  :  ©tab.     So  at  the  end  of  a 

syllable  followed  by  a  consonant :  abfegen,  abbrcdjen. 
®  followed  by  a,  o,  u,  or  a  consonant  =  k  :  (Sato,  9(cten. 
(&    followed  by  e,  z,  a  or  d  =  ts  :  (Ecmcert,  (Sttrone,  ©ajar, 

©Mtbat. 
(J{)  has  two  sounds,  which  have  no  English  equivalent  j 

after  a,  o,  u}  au,  it   is  guttural  like  ch  in  lock, 

lake:  53utf) ;  after  any  other  vowel  or  consonant 

it  is  palatal :  redjt,  retrf). 
(£fj  generally  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  or  before  an  s 

belonging  to  the  same  radical  syllable,  has  the 

sound  of  k :  (Sl)rift,  \$ud)§. 
$     final  closely  resembles  t :  tmlb,  9Ibenb.    So  at  the  end 

of  a  syllable  followed  by  a  consonant :  ^tnbfctn. 


/ 


PRONUNCIATION. 


©  is  hard  as  in  gig :  (3\\t,  gegen.  At  the  end  of  a  word 
it  has  the  sound  of  dj1 :  23eg,  £ctg,  tufjig,  ®iimg. 

3    =j  in  7^/:  5ctf)r,  bejafjett,  Soljcmn. 

01  is  not  slurred,  as  it  often  is  in  English,  but  is  dis- 
tinctly uttered  with  something  of  a  trill. 

©  approaches  the  sound  of  z  before  a  vowel ;  when 
doubled,  final,  or  standing  before  a  consonant,  it 
has  its  proper  hissing  sound :  ©orme,  ©efcmg, 
SBefett ;  totffen,  ©lag.  But  there  is  good  authority 
for  pronouncing  an  initial  s  followed  by/  or  t 
like  sh  :  ©pur,  fteljen. 

@dj  =  sh  in  shore  :  ©djtff,  rcmfdjen,  fdjretben,  ftnbtfd). 

ft     is  pronounced  like  ss  :  ©d)0J3,  IaJ3T,  geme&en. 

X  before  i  followed  by  another  vowel  =  ts :  Nation, 
patient,  Station. 

%Y=  t:  %§ait  SHjitre,  tf)un,  Utttertfjcm. 

^  is  pronounced  like  ts  :  ^fa|f  ft§ett,  plo|Itd). 

$  —f :  $ogcL  In  foreign  words,  like  the  English  v : 
(Sffaoe,  Sftobember. 

2S  closely  resembles  v  in  f*«* :  SSetn,  fdjtoer,  grrjet. 

3  =  /.$•  in  nets :  Qafy,  ^jcrj,  cm^tefjen. 


1  But  by  many  it  is  pronounced 
like  initial  g. 

8  In  recently  printed  German 
books  fj  is  suppressed  after  t  in 
many  words.  In  these  Lessons 
the  modern  spelling  is  followed, 
but  generally  the  old  spelling  is 
noticed,  as  occasion  requires. 


Note  that  there  are  no  silent  let- 
ters in  German,  either  vowels  or 
consonants;  except  (1)  the  letter  fj 
when  not  initial,  or  beginning  the 
suffixes  fjaft  and  f)cft,  or  the  second 
part  of  a  compound  word;  (2)  and 
t  following  i  in  the  same  syllable. 


ACCENT.  0 

ACCENT. 

The  accent  falls : 

i.  On  the  radical  syllable,  that  is,  on  the  syllable  that 
mainly  determines  the  meaning  of  the  word :  The 
stem  Iteb  in  Iteben,  Stebe,  geliebt,  berltebt,  Stebling, 
iiebltdj,  Steblichfeit.1 

2.  On  the  first  component  part  of  compounds,  except 

compound  particles  :  SRe'genbogen,  fee'franf,  ©piel'* 

3.  On  the  separable  prefixes  of  verbs :    an'reben,  au^>f- 

gefyert,  bor'fcfylagert. 

4.  On    the    second   member   of   compound   particles 2 : 

bamif,  toobon',  obgleicfy'. 

5.  On  the  final  syllable  of  most  words  borrowed  from 

other    languages    and    not    naturalized:     ^igur', 
Regent',  spicmef . 

Note.  —  It  is  important  for  the  learner  to  distinguish  between  the 
separable  prefixes,  which  are  accented,  and  the  inseparable,  on  which  the 
accent  never  rests.     The  inseparable  prefixes  are :  be,  ttttp,  tilt,  tt,  g£, 

tier  and  jer.3 

1  See  Aue's  '  Grammar. '  sons  with  anomalous  accent  have 

2  But  there  are  many  exceptions.        the  accented  syllable  marked. 
All  words  occurring  in  these  Les-  3  ttttft  also  is  rarely  separable. 


@rjie  SeJtton. 

1.  NOMINATIVE   AND   ACCUSATIVE. 

$cr  ©ruber  Ijut  Ijeute  cittcn  9tittQ  ucrlarcn. 

The  brother  has  lost  a  ring  to-day. 

Nom.  (who  has  lost  ?)   ber  SBruber ;  em  23ruber,  a  brother. 
Ace.  (what  has  the  brother  lost  ?)  ben  {the)  9ftng ;  einen  ^tng. 

2.  The  model  sentence  at  the  head  of  each  lesson  should  always 
be  committed  to  memory  and  often  reviewed.  Observe  that  JBflt&et  and 
Oitng  begin  with  a  capital.  This  is  the  rule  for  all  nouns  in  German. 
Notice  the  position  of  |)ClltC  before  the  object,  and  also  that  in  a  com- 
pound tense  ((jat  —  berloreit)  the  participle  is  placed  at  the  end. 

3.  Slufgafce. 

5D^ein,  meinen,  my.  bein,  beinen,  thy  (your),  fetn,  feinen,  his. 

I.  1.  9Jtan  23ruber  fyat  fyeute  f einen  9itng  fcerloven.  2.  9Jtein 
Sruber  $at  fyente  meinen  Sling  ixrloren.  3.  SDetn  SBruber  fyat 
beitte  beinen  9iing  Derloren.  4.  Sein  SBruber  l)at  fycute  feinen 
dlixiQ  fcerloren. 

II.  1.  My  brother  has  lost  his  ring  to-day.  2.  My  brother 
has  lost  my  ring  to-day.  3.  Thy  brother  has  lost  thy  ring 
to-day.     4.    His  brother  has  lost  his  ring  to-day. 


NOMINATIVE    AND    ACCUSATIVE. 


4.  2lufgabe. 

ber  ©toe!,  the  cane,     gefunben,  found,     unb,  a?id. 

I.  SJktn  ©ruber  fyat  fyeute  einen  ©toe!  oertoren  unb  einen  S^ing 
gefunben. 

II.  1.  His  brother  has  found  the  '  cane.  2.  Thy  brothei 
has  found  a  cane  to-day.  3.  The  brother  has  found  my  cane 
to-day.  4.  Thy  brother  has  found  my  ring  and  my  cane.  5. 
His  brother  has  lost  his  ring  and  my  brother  has  lost  his 
cane. 

ber  ©ater,  the  father,    ober,  or.     ja,2  yes.     netn,  no. 

I.  1.  5Jlein  SSatcr  ober  metn  ©ruber  fyat  ben  ©toe!  oerloren. 
2.  §ctt  ber  ©ater  ben  S^ing  gefunben  ? 

II.  1.  His  father  has  lost  the  ring  or  the  cane  to-day. 
2.  Has  thy  father  found  a  cane  ?  3.  No,  my  father  has 
found  a  ring.  4.  Has  his  father  or  his  brother  lost  a  ring  ? 
5.  His  brother  has  lost  a  ring  and  his  father  has  found  a 
cane.  6.  Has  thy  brother  found  my  ring  ?  7.  Yes,  my 
brother  has  found  thy  ring. 


6.     Answer  the  following  questions  in  Gernia?i : 3  . 

§at  bein  ©ruber  betnen  ober  metnen  ©toe!  oerloren  ? 
feat  bein  ©ater  ober  bein  ©ruber  einen  9ttng  gefunben  ? 
§at  fetn  ©ruber  betnen  unb  fetnen  ©toe!  oerloren  ? 
§at  metn  ©ater  einen  9^tng  gefunben  ober  oerloren  ? 


1  ben.    Cf.  under  1,  ben  9ting.  ber  einen  ©tocf  ober  einen  9Ung  ge= 

2  To  be  pronounced  yah.  funbcn?     ©ein  33ruber  Ijat  einen 

3  Every   answer  should  form  a  9ttug  gefunben  ;  or,  (Sinett  9Ultg  bat 
complete  sentence:  §at  fein  93ru=  jein  ©ruber  gefunben. 


8  NOMINATIVE  AND  ACCUSATIVE. 


3toeite  Seftion. 

7.  NOMINATIVE   AND   ACCUSATIVE. 

§aft  im  Geftern  einen  Brief  erljaften  ? 

Did  you  receive  a  letter  yesterday?  Literally,  hast  thou 
yesterday  a  letter  received  ? 

id)  fyaht  erfyalten,  I  have  re-  I)abe  i$  erbalten  ?  /te^  /  re- 
ceived, or,  did  receive.  ceived?  or,  did  I  receive? 

bu  fyaft  erfralten,  ///0»  Aarf  r<?-  fyaft  bu  erfyalten  ?  /to/  ///<?//  re- 
ceived, or,  <//Vfr/  receive.  ceived?  or,  didst  thou  receive? 

er  bat  erfyalten,  ^  >to  r*-  §at  er  erfyalten?  /to  /**  re- 
ceived, or,  did  receive.  ceived?  or,  did  he  receive? 

8.  Observe  that  the  German  perfect  may  be  translated  by  the  English 
preterit.  How  was  it  in  the  first  lesson  ?  What  is  to  be  inferred?  In 
what  two  particulars  does  the  order  differ  in  the  model  sentence  above 
from  the  English  order  ? 

9.  Slufaa&e* 

\$vt,who?  ft>en,  whom?  \x>a§,  what? 

I.  1.  28er  fyat1  geftern  einen  33rief  erfyalten?  2.  3$  fya&e 
geftern  einen  Srief  erfyalten.  3.  9£a§  fyaft  bu  geftern  erfyalten  ? 
4.  ga;  r;abe  geftern  einen  33rief  erfyalten. 

II.  1.  Didst  thou  receive  a  letter  yesterday  ?  2.  No,  I 
have  received  a  letter  to-day.  3.  Has  he  received  my  letter  ? 
4.  Yes,  he  has  received  thy  letter.  5.  Who  has  received  a 
letter  to-day  ?  6.  My  brother  has  received  a  letter  to-day 
and  I  received  one2  yesterday.  7.  Didst  thou  receive  a  ring 
yesterday  ?  8.  No,  my  brother  received  one  yesterday  and 
one  to-day.     9.  What  has  his  father  found  to-day  ?      10.  He 

1  Do  not  pronounce  like  the  English  hat.    '  einciL 


NOMINATIVE    AND    ACCUSATIVE. 


has  found  a  cane  and  his  brother  has  found  a  ring.  11. 
What  didst  thou  lose  yesterday  ?  12.  I  lost  a  ring  yester- 
day and  thy  brother  found  one. 


lO.  Examine  the  following  paradigms  : 

icfy  I)a&e  gefefyen,  I  saw,  have       fyabe  ia}    gefefyen?   have   I 


seen. 
bit  fyaft  gefefyen,  thou  didst  see, 

hast  seen. 
er  t)at  gefefyen,  he  saw,  has 

seen. 

(Sne  fyahen  gefefyen,  you  saw, 
have  seen. 

\§  fyaht  meinen  Sruber  ntcfjt1 
gefefyen,  I  did  not  see,  have 
not  seen,  my  brother. 

bu  fyaft  betnen  SBruber  nicfyt 
gef  efyen,  thou  didst  not  see, 
hast  not  seen,  thy  brother. 

er  fyat  feinen  23ruber  mcfyt  ge= 
fefyen,  he  did  not  see,  has 
not  seen,  his  brother. 

Bk  fyahtn  ijfyren  23ratber  md;t 
gefefyen,  you  did  not  see, 
have  not  seen,  your  brother. 


seen  ?  did  I  see? 
I)aft  bu  gefefyen,  hast  thou 

seen  ?  didst  thou  see  ? 
fyat  cr  gefefyen  ?  has  he  seen  ? 

did  he  see  ? 

fyaBen  ©ie  gefeBen  ?  have  you 
see  ft  ?  did  you  see? 

fyaBe  id)  meinen  SBruber  nicfyt 

gef efyen  ?  have  I  not  seen, 

did  I  not  see,  my  brother  ? 

fyaft  bu  beinen  SBruber  nifyt 

gefefyen  ?    hast   thou    not 

seen,    didst   thou   not  see, 

thy  brother? 

§at  er  feinen  33ruber  md)t  ge* 

f efyen  ?   has  he  not  seen,  did 

he  not  see,  his  brother? 


fyaBen  ©ie  3^ren  33rober 
nirf)t  gefefyen?  have  you 
not  seen,  did  you  not  see, 
your  brother? 

11.  The  use  of  the  pronoun  of  the  second  person  singular,  fcu, 
implies  familiarity.  Hence  it  is  employed  among  intimate  friends, 
members  of  the  same  family,  near  relations,  among  and  to  children. 
It  was  formerly  in  general  use  in  addressing  servants.  Otherwise 
StC  is  used  in  addressing  one  or  more  persons,  like  the  English  you. 
The  corresponding  possessive  pronoun  is  $Ijr  (ace.  $f)rcit). 


Observe  the  position  of  ntd)t. 


10  NOMINATIVE  AND  ACCUSATIVE. 


12.  Slufeabe. 

1.  I  have  seen  his  brother  and  he  has  seen  my  brother. 
2.  My  brother  has  seen  your1  father.  3.  Has  your  father 
seen  my  brother  ?  4.  No,  he  has  not  seen  your  brother.  5. 
Have  you  lost  a  cane  or  a  ring?  6.  I  lost  a  ring  to-day, 
and  a  cane  yesterday.  7.  Did  you  receive  a  letter  to-day  or 
yesterday?  8.  I  have  received  one  to-day.  9.  Has  he  found 
his  ring?  10.  He  has  not  found  his  ring,  he  has  found  your 
ring.  11.  What  did  your  brother  receive  yesterday?  12. 
He  received  a  letter.  13.  Who  received  a  letter  yesterday? 
14.  His  father  received  one. 

13.  VOCABULARY. 

Nom.  btefer  Sfyfel,  this  apple.       jencr  Sail/  that  ball. 
Ace.  btcfen  2tyfel,  this  apple.       jenett  SBaE,  that  ball. 

gegeffen,  eaten.  fcorgeftern,  day  before  yesterday. 

gefauft,  bought.  toanrt,  when. 

ifyn,  him,  it.  $arl,  Charles. 

14.  SMttfeafce. 

I.  1.  $arl  fyat  borgeftern3  etnen  23aft  gefauft,  unb  fein 
Sruber  fyat  ifyn  fcerloren.  2.  3$  fyahz  etnen  2tyfel  gefauft  unb 
mein  SBruber  $arl  fyat  tfyn  gegeffen.  3.  2Ber  bat  biefen  S3aDf  ge= 
!auft?  4.  SBartn  fyat  er  ir)n  gefauft?  5.  SBorgeftern  t)at  er 
ifyn  gefauft.    6.  2Ba3  fyat  er  gegeffen?    7.  ©men  Sfyfel  ^at  er 

1  In  this  exercise,  and  for  some  So  in  Latin  tuus  corresponds  to  tu, 

time,   it  will   be  well  to  translate  vestertovos.  How  is  it  in  English? 
you  and  your,  wherever  they  occur,  2  Do    not    pronounce    like    the 

twice  :  first  by  J)U  and  foein,  then  by  English  ball. 

StC  and  §l)V.     Remember  that  the  3  Compare  the  position  of  Jjctltc 

possessive  pronoun  corresponding  in    the    first   model  sentence   and 

to  fcu  is  fceilt,  and  to  Bit  is  %f)X.  geftew  in  the  second.    See  326,  7. 


NOMINATIVE    AND    ACCUSATIVE.  11 

gegeffert.  8.  SEBcmn  fyat  er  biefen  2tyfet  erfyalten  ?  9.  ©eftern 
fyat  er  tfyn  erfyaltert.  10.  §abert  ©te  Sfyrert  Sfyfel  gegeff en ? 
11.  3<*,  i$  t)abe  tfyn  gegeffert. 

II.  1.  His  brother  has  bought  a  ball  and  Charles  has 
lost  it.  2.  When  did  he  lose  it?  3.  Has  thy  brother  found 
this  ball  or  that  one1  ?  4.  He  has  found  this  one.1  5.  Who 
has  eaten  my  apple?  6.  Has  Charles  bought  it,  or  have  Ia 
bought  it  ?  7.  Have  you  seen  my  brother  ?  8.  I  have  not 
seen  him  to-day.3  9.  Has  he  seen  my  ball  ?  10.  No,  he 
has  not  seen  it.  11.  My  father  has  bought  this  ring  and 
that  cane.  12.  When  did  your  father  buy  that  cane  ?  13. 
He  bought  it  day  before  yesterday.4  14.  What  did  Charles 
receive  yesterday?  15.  He  received  an  apple  yesterday. 
16.  Has  he  eaten  it?  17.  Yes,  he  has  eaten  it.  18.  Has 
your  father  received  a  letter  to-day?  19.  Yes,  he  has 
received  one.  20.  Have  you  received  my  letter  ?  21.  No, 
I  have  not  received  your  letter.  22.  Have  you  found  your 
cane  ?     23.  No,  I  have  found  his  cane. 


15.  CONVERSATION. 

Note. —  In  classes,  or  even  with  a  small  number  of  pupils,  it  will  be 
found  of  great  advantage  if  the  teacher  gives  out  a  sentence  or  selects 


1  That  one,  jeitCttJ  this  one,  fctefctt.  4  Begin  the  sentence  with  foots 

2  The  pronoun  iffy  is  not  written  gcftCM,  and  mark  the  effect  on  the 
with  a  capital,  except  at  the  begin-  order  by  comparing  above  I.  5 
ning  of  a  sentence.  See  above  I.  11.  and  9. 

3  The  order  is  tfjn  fjeute.  If  the  a.  If  an  adverb  or  any  other 
object,  direct  or  indirect,  of  the  word  than  the  subject  begins  a  sen- 
verb  is  a  personal  pronoun,  it  must  tence,  the  verb  precedes  the  subject, 
not  be  separated  from  the  simple  b.  But  the  conjunctions  UU&, 
predicate,  or,  in  a  compound  tense,  and;  ofcet,  or;  fceittt,  for;  and 
from  the  auxiliary,  by  the  adverb  ttBcr,  dfteilt,  fonfcew,  all  meaning 
of  time.    See  326,  7.  but,  have  no  effect  on  the  order. 


12  NOMINATIVE   AND    ACCUSATIVE. 

one  from  the  book,  and  the  pupils  form  questions  on  it,  which  they 
mutually  put  and  answer.  Every  question  and  answer  should  form  a 
complete  sentence,  and  every  answer  should  begin  with  the  appropriate 
responsive  word  or  clause. 

Teacher.    $arl  fyat  fyeitte  einen  2tyfel  gegeffen. 

Pupil  A.  28er  fyat  beute  emen  2fyfel  gegeffen  ? 

B.  $arl  fyat  fyeute  einen  Styfel  gegeffen. 

C  3Sa§  f)at  flarl  fouti  gegeffen  ? 

D.  ©men  2fyfel  v)at  $arl  fyeute  gegeffen. 

E.  28ann  fyat  $arl  einen  2tyfel  gegeffen? 

F.  Qvatt  t)at  er  einen  5tyfel  gegeffen. 

Teacher.    2)u  fyaft  geftern  beinen  23ruber  nicfyt  gefefyen. 

Pupil  A.  2Ber  fyat  geftern  f einen  Sruber  nict)t  gef  etyen  ? 
i?.   3^  fya&e  geftern  meinen  23ruber  mct)t  gefefyen. 

C.  2Ben  *  fyaft  bu  geftern  nid)t  gefefyen  ? 

Z>.  3Jictnen  SBruber  fyabe  ta?  geftern  mct)t  gefefyen. 

E.  2Bann  fyaft  bu  beinen  23ruber  nid^t  gefefyen  ? 

F.  (geftern  fyaht  id)  meinen  23ruber  nid)t  gefefyen. 

Form  questions  and  answers  from  the  following  sentences  : 
<Sein  33ater  r)at  toorgeftern  biefen  Sftng  gefunben. 
3$  fyabe  fyeute  meinen  Sail  fcerloren. 
2)u  t)aft  geftern  einen  SBrief  erfyaltcn. 
SDtem  Sruber  Y)at  meinen  ©tocf  fcerloren. 

1  Besides    the   nominative    ftier       dative  ft)  em,  page  13  note,  and  the 
and  the  accusative   ftJCIt    see  the      genitive  TOCffcit,  page  25  and  note. 


DATIVE    AND    ACCUSATIVE.  13 


$rttte  Seftiou. 

16.  DATIVE   AND   ACCUSATIVE. 

9Weitt  Setter  t)at  fetnem  Sremti)  emeu  $imto  Qeflekn. 

My  cousin  has  given  his  friend  a  dog. 

1 7.  Observe  the  order  in  the  model  sentence.  The  indirect  object 
{dative)  more  commonly  precedes  the  direct  object  {accusative).  So 
in  Latin. 

But  if  the  direct  object  is  a  personal  pronoun,  it  precedes  the  indirect 
This  rule  applies  to  several  of  the  sentences  below,  under  IX 

18.  Slufaafce. 

ft) em  ?  to  whom  ?  for  whom  ? 

I.  1.  '©em  greunb  r/at  meinem  better  eirten  §unb  gegeben. 
2.  3$  ^a^e  meinem  23ruber  emeu  S3a(I  gegeben.  3.  feat  fein 
$ater  beirtem  better  eirten  2fpfel  gegeben  ? 

II.  1.  My  friend  has  given  a  dog  to  his  cousin,  and  his 
cousin  has  given  a  ring  to  my  friend.  2.  My  father  has 
given  a  ring  to  my  brother,  and  my  brother  has  given  a  ring 
to  my  father.  3.  What  has  thy  father  given  to  my  friend 
to-day 1  ?  4.  He  has  given  an  apple  to  thy  friend.  5.  Has 
your  cousin  bought  a  dog  ?  6.  He  has  bought  a  dog  for  his 
(dat.)  friend.  7.  What  has  he  bought  for  his  friend  ?  8. 
He  has  bought  a  dog  for  his  friend  and  a  cane  for  my 
brother.  9.  For  whom2  has  he  bought  this  cane  ?  10.  He 
has  bought  it  for  my  brother.     11.  Has  his  cousin  bought 

1  What  is  the  place  of  Ijeute?  have  not  quite  the  same  use  and 

2  For  whom,  HJCItt  or  furtUClt;  meaning.  The  preposition  fiir  is 
but   the   two  forms  of  expression      used  with  the  accusative. 


14  DATIVE    AND    ACCUSATIVE. 

this  ring  for  his  brother  or  his  friend  ?  12.  He  has  bought 
it  for  his  brother,  but1  he  has  given  it  to  his  friend. 
13.  When  did  he  give  it  to  his  friend  ?  14.  Yesterday  or 
the  day  before  yesterday  he  gave  it  to  his  friend.  15.  Has 
not2  your  friend  given  a  dog  to  your  cousin  ?  16.  No,  he 
has  given  a  dog  to  my  brother,  and  my  brother  has  given  it 
to  my  cousin. 

19.  VOCABULARY. 

in  bem  ©arten,  in  the  garden.  after,  but. 
ber  ©artner,  the  gardener,  geliefyen,  lent. 
ber  ©ulben,  the  florin,  tfym,  to  him,  for  him  ;  bort  tfym, 
ber  •Jftamt,  the  man.  from  him. 
ber  ©drilling,  the  shilling.  nod;  nid)t,  not  yet. 
ber  ©chiller,  the  pupil.  »on  (with  the  dat.)  from. 
auf  bem  ©pietylatj,  in  the  play-  gurtidgegeben,  given  back,  re- 
ground,  turned. 

20.  2*ufaa&e. 

I.  1.  3$  fya&e  biefem  ©d)uler  einen  ©ulben  getter/en,  aber 
er  fyat  ifyn  nod}  nid)t  gurudgegeben.  2.  2Bann  r)aft  bu  biefem 
©d)iiler  einen  ©ulben  geliefyen?  3.  SSorgeftem  fyaht  id)  tfym  ben 
©ulben  geltefyen.  4.  $arl  fyat  oon  jenem  Wiann  einen  ©dnEtng 
erbalten,  aber  er  fyat  i^n  auf  bem  S^tefylatj  ober  in  bem  ©arten 
berloren. 

II.  1.  To  whom  hast  thou  lent  a  shilling?  2.  I  have 
lent  a  shilling  to  that  pupil,  but  he  has  not  yet  returned  it. 
3.  Has  that  pupil  lost  the  shilling  ?  4.  He  has  lost  it  in  the 
garden  or  in  the  playground.  5.  Charles  has  received  a 
florin  from  his  father  and  has  lent  it  to  his  cousin.  6. 
His    cousin  has  bought  a   cane   with  it3;    I  have  seen  it. 

1  aber.     See  page  11,  note  4.  3  With    it,   fcafiir,    before     the 

2  For  the  position  of  nt(!)t  see  participle,  not  as  one  would  ex- 
10;  see  also  326,  8  and  9.  pect,  fcuitttt. 


DATIVE    AND    ACCUSATIVE. 


15 


7.  For  whom  has  he  bought  this  cane  ?  8.  He  has  bought 
it  for  his  friend.  9.  Charles  has  received  an  apple  from  this 
man,  but  he  has  not  eaten  it ;  he  gave  it  to  his  brother. 
10.  What  have  you  lent  to  your  cousin  ?  11.  When  did  you 
*j  lend  him  a  florin  ?  12.  I  lent  him  a  florin  yesterday.  13. 
From  whom  have  you  received  this  cane?  14.  I  have 
received  it  from  my  cousin.  15.  From  whom  did  your 
brother  buy  this  dog?  16.  He  bought  it  from  a  pupil  on 
the  playground. 


21. 


VOCABULARY. 


am1  ©onntag,  on  Sunday. 
am  -Jftontag,  on  Monday. 
am  £)ten§tag,  on  Tuesday. 
am  9flitttoocfy,  on  Wednesday. 
am  S)onner3tag,  on  Thursday. 
am  greitag,  on  Friday. 
am  ©am§tag,  am  ©ormabenb, 

on  Saturday. 
2BUI)elm,  William. 


fyeute  SJiorgen,  or,  btef  en-Dtorgen, 

this  morning. 
I;eute  2l6enb,  or,  btefen  Slbertb, 


this  evening. 


geftern5[Rorgen, yesterday  morn- 
ing. 

geftem  2lbertb,  'yesterday  even- 
ings last  night. 

gefyabt,  had. 

m$t,  not. 

mefyr,  more. 

fett,  since. 

tutf)t  mefyr  fett,  not . . .  since. 

gefyielt,  played. 

mit  (prep,  with  the  dat.)  with. 

mtt  ifym,  with  him, 

mit  mem,  with  whom  ? 

mo,  where? 


1  am  is  an  abbreviated  form  of 
QU  iiCltt.  The  definite  article  is  used 
with  names  of  seasons,  months,  and 
days  of  the  week.  In  general  the 
use  of  the  articles  in  German  is 
much  the  same  as  in  English. 


For  ail  see  general  vocabulary. 
The  student  of  Latin  will  recall 
that  the  time  when  an  event  occurs 
is  expressed  in  that  language  by  the 
ablative  without  a  preposition  in 
similar  cases. 


16 


DATIVE   AND    ACCUSATIVE. 


[The  student  may  now  profitably  begin  to  observe  the  correspondence 
between  German  and  English  consonants  in  related  words:] 


22. 


Ceneral  Correspondence  of  Consonants1: 


LABIALS. 


PALATALS. 


b  f  f (v)  p  p  p 


h3g1(y)k(ch)k(gh,h) 


23. 


Slufaafcc. 


I.  l.,3$  fyabe  metnert  gunb  tterloren.  2.  SBann  xmb  too 
fyaft  bu  ifyn  oerloren  ?  3.  2lm  -Uftontag  ?lbenb  fyabe  icf>  auf  bent 
Sptefylaij  mit  ibm  gefptelt  unb  fyabz  tyn  am  3)ien§tag  ^Jforgen 
ntdjt  mefyr  gefefyen.  4.  33on  loem  Fjaft  bu  btefen  §unb  gefauft? 
5.  %<$  fyaht  tfyn  con  meinem  better  SBityelm  erfyaltcn  ;  er  fyai  ilm 
gefauft. 

II.  1.  I  have  had  a  ball,  but  I  lost  it  in  the  playground 
on  Wednesday.  2.  My  brother  William  found  thy  ball 
yesterday  morning.  3.  Has  he  not  yet  returned  it  ?  4.  No, 
he  has  not  yet  returned  it :  where  did  he  find  it  ?  5.  When 
did  you  lend  a  shilling  to  that  man  ?  6.  I  lent  him  a  shilling 
on  Saturday,  and  he  returned  it  yesterday  evening.  7. 
With  whom  did  Charles  play  on  Friday  ?  8.  With  William 
he  played   on  Friday  and  with  my  brother  on  Thursday. 


1  The  student  will  find  many 
exceptions,  but  the  habit  of  observ- 
ing correspondences  and  devia- 
tions from  the  general  laws  will 
prove  very  useful. 


2  When  initial. 

3  Often  vanishes ;    most  often 
when  not  initial. 

4  Sometimes  lost,  or  variously 
changed. 


CONVERSATION.  17 


9.  x  When  did  you  play  with  your  cousin  last?  10.  2 1  have 
not  played  with  him  since  Monday.  11.  3  When  did  you  see 
him  last?  12.  I  4  have  not  seen  him  since  day  before 
yesterday.  13.  When  did  Charles  buy  his  cane  ?  14.  He 
bought  it  on  Tuesday.  15.  From  whom  did  he  buy  it?  16. 
He  bought  it  from  a  man  in  the  playground ;  he  gave  a 
florin  for  it  (bafitr). 


24.  CONVERSATION. 

Read  again  note,  p.  11,  and  then  form  questions  and  answers 
based  on  the  following  sentences :  — 

1.  3Jlein  greunb  fyat  meinem  better  emeu  23aH  gegeben. 

2Ber  §at  bemem  Setter  emeu  SBaH  gegeben  ? 
3Sa§  fyat  bein  greimb  bemem  Setter  gegeben  ? 
28em  \)at  bein  greunb  etnen  S3aU  gegeBen  ? 

2.  gd;  fyahz  biefem  Scfmler  I;eute  etnen  ©ulben  gettefyen. 

SSer  fyat  l)eute  biefem  ©driller  etnen  ©ulben  geltefyen  ? 
2Ba3  baft  bu  (fyaben  ©te)  fyeute  biefem  ©rfwler  geliefyen  ? 
2Bem  F>aft  bu  (fyaben  <Ste)  l)eute  etnen  ©ulben  geliefyen  ? 
SBann  fyaft  bu  (baben  @te)  biefem  ©emitter  etnen  ©ulben 
geliefyen  ? 

3.  3$  fya^  metnen  23aK  in  bem  ©arten  »er(oren. 

28er  fyat  feinen  Sail  in  bem  ©arten  fcerloren  ? 
2Ba§  t;aft  bu  (fyaben  (Ste)  in  bem  ©arten  oerloren? 

1  =  Since  when  have  you  not  8  ==  Since  when  have  you  not 
more  played  with  your  cousin?  more  seen  him  ? 

2  =  Since  Monday  I  have  not  4  =  I  have  not  seen  him  more 
more  played  with  him.  since  day  before  yesterday. 


18  STRONG   DECLENSION. 

2Bo  tyctft  bu  (fyabert  ©ie)  ben  Sail  fcerloren  ? 
§aben  <3ie  3$ren  (fyafi  bu  beinen)  23aE  fcerloren? 

4.  SSilfyelm  fyat  am  9Jtttttoo$  SlBenb  mit  meirtem  better  ®arl 
auf  bem  ©piefylaij  gefyielt. 

SSer  fyat  am  TOtmocfy  Slbenb  mit  bem  better  ®arl  gefyielt? 

2Batm  k)at  23ilfyelm  mit  bem  better  $arl  gefyielt  ? 

2Bo  fyat  SBtltyelm  am  ^ttontag,  Stbenb  mit  bem  better  Raxl 

gefyielt  ? 
SKit  mem  tyat  2Bitt?elm  am  9florttag  Slbenb  gefpielt  ? 


Sterte  fiefttan. 

25.  THE  STRONG  DECLENSION:   PERSONAL  PRONOUNS. 

$er  Stadjbar  mctncS  ©nlcK  tft  in  eincm  Saben  flctoefcn ■ 
nnb  l)ttt  fcittcm  ©atjit  etnen  §ut  jclauft. 

The  neighbor  of  my  uncle  (my  uncle's  neighbor)  has  been 
in  a  shop,  and  has  bought  a  hat  for  his  son. 

26.  1.  German  nouns  may  be  grouped  in  two  declensions,  called  the 
strong  and  the  weak.  Nouns  of  the  strong  declension  may  be  divided 
into  three  classes,  according  to  the  formation  of  the  plural. 

2.  The  following  paradigms  illustrate  the  declension  of  nouns  of  the 
strong  declension  in  the  singular;  but  certain  feminine  nouns,  though 
they  remain  unchanged  in  the  singular,  are  classed  with  strong  nouns,  on 
account  of  their  mode  of  forming  the  plural.     See  table  of  endings,  75. 

27.  SINGULAR. 

N.  bcr  ^ad^Bar.  bcr  <5ofyn.  bag  $inb.2  bic  §anb.8 

G.  beg  ^ad)barg.  beg  6ofmcg.  beg  linbeg.  ber  §anb. 

D.  bem  $latf)hax.  bem  <2oIme.  bem  $tnbc.  bcr  §anb. 

A.  ben  9?ad)bar.  ben  Sofyn.  bag  £inb.  bic  §anb. 

1  Observe  this  mode  of  forming  the  perfect.        ■  child.       3  hand. 


STRONG   DECLENSION.  19 

N.  em  Saben.  mem  §ut.                 $arl. 

G.  eincS  Sabenl.  meineS  §utc§.           (beg)  £arl,  $arlg. 

D.  etnem  Saben.  memem  §ute.            bem  $arl. 

A.  eirtcn  Saben.  metnen  §ut.              (ben)  Harl. 

N.  fein,  w.  G.  femes.    D.  feinem.    A.  leincn. 

28.  1.  Observe  that,  disregarding  the  feminine,  the  genitive  adds 
an  &,  and,  when  the  final  sound  requires  it,  e$  to  the  nominative. 
Monosyllables,  more  frequently  than  polysyllables,  take  the  ending  t§, 
which  is  also  oftener  written  than  heard.  The  same  holds  good  of  the 
dative  ending  c.  But  this  ending  may  be  omitted  in  the  case  of  any 
noun. 

2.  Compare  with  this  genitive  ending  our  s  used  to  form  the 
possessive  case.     The  origin  of  the  two  is  the  same. 

3.  Observe  that  the  names  of  persons  have  all  the  cases  alike  when 
declined  with  an  article. 

29.  Decline:  2)er  53ruber ;  ber  9tmg ;  ein  ©toe!;  mm 
SSater ;  bem  SSrtef ;  ber  .gunb ;  fein  ©artert ;  biefer  Warm. 

30.  Scut,  to  be :    Indicative  and  Imperative. 

PRESENT   TENSE. 

id)  bin,  I  am.  bin  id),  am  I? 

bu  bift,  thoic  art.  bift  bu,  art  thou  ?  f  ei,  be. 

er  ift,  he  is.  ift  er,  is  he  ? 

©te  finb,  you  are.  finb  ©ie,  are  you  ?  feien  @5te,  be, 

PERFECT   TENSE. 

id)  Bin  getoefen,  I  have  been.  bin  \a)  getoefen,  have  I  been  ? 

bu  bift  getoef en,  thou  hast  been,  bift  bu  getoefen,  hast  thou  been  ? 

er  ift  getoefen,  he  has  been.  ift  er  getoefen,  has  he  been? 

<5te  finb  gen)efen,j0^  have  been,  finb  ©ie  getoefen,  have  you  been! 

31.  Two  modes  of  forming  the  perfect  have  now  been  illustrated: 
idj  &abe  gefauft,  /  have  bought;  and,  id)  bin  geroefen,  /  have  been.  The 
perfect  tense  is  formed  by  the  auxiliary  verb  fjttbcit  and  the  past 
participle,  or,  in  the  case  of  certain  intransitive  verbs,  by  the  auxiliary 
fettt  and  the  past  participle.  See  109. 


20  STRONG   DECLENSION. 

32.  Slufaafce. 

I.  1.  £)er  ©oljm  meineS  vD?ad)bar§  fyat  emeu  §ut  gefauft.  2. 
£)er  ©elm  meine§  -ftacfybarS  I)at  feinem  Dnfel  einen  §ut  gefauft. 
3.  £)er  (Sofyn  meineS  %*d)bar§  fyat  in  einem  Saben  feinem  Dnfel 
einen  Qui  gefauft.  4.  3$  Bin  in  einem  Saben  geroefen  unb  fyahz 
meinem  <&ofyn  einen  §ut  gefauft.  5.  S5u  bift  in  etnem  Sab  en  ge= 
roefen  unb  fyaft  beinem  Sofyne  einen  §ut  gefauft.  6.  ©ie  finb  in 
einem  Saben  geroefen  unb  fyaben  3^em  Sofme  einen  §ut  gefauft. 

II.  1.  My  uncle  has  been  in  the  shop  of  my  neighbor 
(my  neighbor's  shop)  and  has  bought  his  son  {dat.)  a  hat. 
2.  Has  my  uncle  been  in  the  shop  of  my  neighbor  and  has 
he  bought  his  son  a  hat  ?  3.  You  have  been  in  a  shop ;  what 
did  you  buy  ?  4.  I  have  bought  a  ball  for  the  friend  of  my 
son,  and  an  apple  for  the  son  of  your  neighbor.  5.  The 
friend  of  my  son  has  played  with  his  ball  and  the  son  of 
your  neighbor  has  eaten  his  apple.  6.  Has  he  been  with 
(bei)  William,  and  has  he  returned  him 1  the  shilling  ?  7.  He 
has  been  with  him,  but  he  has  not  yet  returned  his  shilling. 

33.  VOCABULARY. 

bie  ©rbbeeren,  the  strawberries.  mir,  to  {for)  me. 

bie  $irfd)en,  the  cherries.  bir,  to  {for)  thee. 

auf  bem  -Jftarft,  in  the  ?narket.  Sfynen,  to  {for)  y°u- 

ein  $aar3  (5d)ul)e,  a  pair  of  ilnn,  to  {for)  him. 

shoes.  gemad)t,  made. 

ein  $aar  ©tief  el,  a  pair  of  boots.  gef  d)i(f  t,  sent. 

ber  Sftocf,  the  coat.  tt\va$,3  something,  anything. 

ber  (Scfynetber,  the  tailor.  nidits,3  nothing,  not  anything. 

ber    ©cfyufymacfyer,    the    shoe-  ba,  there,     fyier,  here. 

maker.  fcfyon,  already. 

Several  interesting  applications  of  the  table  on  page  16  may  be  made 
in  this  vocabulary.     Point  them  out. 

>  — . — 

1  Not  accusative.  3  cttUdd   and   ntd)t§  are  some- 

8  Neuter,  therefore  the  accusa-  times  written  with  a  capital,  but 
tive  and  the  nominative  alike.  preferably  without. 


STRONG    DECLENSION.  21 

34.  Slufaafce* 

I.  1.  SDer  ©d;neiber  t)at  ntir  einen  ^od  gemad)t.  2.  £)er 
©dmeiber  fyat  bir  einen  diod  gemad;t.  3.  £)er  ©dmeiber  fyat 
Sfynen  etnen  $od  gemacfyt.  4.  2)er  ©cfynetber  fyat  tfym  etnen 
9lod  gemacfyt.  5.  ©er  better  nteine§  Dnfel§  tft  auf  bent  fflaxit 
getoefen  unb  fyat  nttr  ctluaS  gefauft.  6.  2Ba§  Ijat  er  bir  gefauft? 
7.  Csrbbeeren  unb  £irfd;en  fyat  er  mtr  gelauft.  8.  feat  betn  ©ajufys 
mad;er  bir  ein  $aar  ©dntlje  ober  ein  $aar  ©tiefel  gemacfyt? 
9.  @r  fyat  mir  ©d;ul)e  unb  ©tiefel  gemad;t;  aber  bie1  ©tiefel 
l;abe  id;  tl)m  guritdgefcfudt.  10.  SSem  I)at  ber  ©cfyneiber 
etnen  9fa>cf  gemad)t?  11.  W\x  fyat  er  einen  Sfod  gemacfyt  unb  fyat 
tfm  fcfyon  geftem  2(6enb  gefefyidt.  12.  2Sa§  Ijat  3fyr  ©dmfymaa;er 
3fynen  gemacf)t?  13.  Mix  fyat  er  nia)t§  gemadjt,  aber  metnem 
better  fyat  er  ein  $aar  ©cfyufye  gemacfyt.  14.  §at  3fyr  ©dmeiber 
Sfynen  ober  3$rem  Sruber  einen  Dtod  gemacfyt?  15.  DJietnem 
S3ruber  §at  er  etnen  9^od  gemad)i. 

II.  1.  Where  have  you  been  this  morning?  2.  I  have 
been  in  a  shop  and  have  bought  you  a  pair  of  boots.  3.  Has 
the  tailor  already2  made  you3  your3  coat?  4.  Yes,  he  has 
made  it,  but  he  has  not  yet  sent  it  (to)  me.  5.  Have  you 
already  been  in  the  market  to-day  ?  6.  No,  I  have  not  been 
there  to-day,4  but  yesterday  I  was  there.  7.  Did  you  buy 
anything  for  your  brother  there 5  ?  8.  Yes,  I  bought  him 
strawberries.  9.  For  whom  did  the  shoemaker  make  a  pair 
of  shoes  ?  10.  He  made  a  pair  for  me  and  a  pair  for  the 
friend  of  my  uncle.  11.  To  whom  have  you  sent  cherries 
and  strawberries?  12.  I  have  sent  cherries  to  him  and 
strawberries  to  his  brother.     13.  Have  you   sent   anything 

1  Plural  of  the  article.  See  52.  dative  and  accusative  of  %fox,your. 

2  The  adverb  may  precede  or  They  are  readily  distinguished  by 
follow  the  direct  object  if  it  is  not        the  third  letter. 

a  personal  pronoun.  4  /  have  to-day  not  there  been. 

3  Do  not  confound  the  dative  5  Have  you  for  your  brother 
3^nettr/tfrj^,with3ljrcm,.3fjrett,        anything  there  boitght. 


22 


PERSONAL    PRONOUNS. 


to  me?  14.  Yes,  I  have  sent  you  an  apple,  but  to  your 
brother  I  have  sent  nothing.  15.  Who  has  been  here? 
16.  The  tailor  has  been  here  and  has  brought  (gebracr)t) 
your  coat. 


35.  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS.1 

SINGULAR. 
First  Person.  Second  Person. 

bu,  thou. 
beirter,  of  thee. 
bir,  to  thee. 
bier;,  thee. 


N.  i*,  /. 

G.  meiner,  of  me 

D.  mir,  to  me. 

A.  mi*,  me. 


Masc. 
N.  er,  he. 
G.  feirter,  of  him. 
D.  ifym,  to  him. 
A.  ir)n,  him. 

First  Person. 

N.  mir,  we. 
G.  unfer,  of  us. 
D.  un3,  to  us. 
A.  urt3,  «j. 


SINGULAR. 

Third  Person. 

Fern. 

fie,  she. 
ifyrer,  of  her. 
ifyr,  /<?  /^r. 
fie,  her. 


Neut. 
e£,  //. 

feirter,  of  it. 
ibm,  /0  & 
eg,  & 


PLURAL. 
Second  Person. 
ifyr,  JW. 
euer,  of  you. 
eudB,  to  you. 
eud),  jw/. 


SING.  &  PLUR. 
Second  Person. 

(5te,  you. 
JJfyrer,  of  you. 
%tyun,  to  you. 
©ie,  j*w. 

sing.  &  PLUR. 
Reflex? 
M.   F.  N. 


ft*,  «# 
ft*,  self 

Third  Person* 
fte,  they. 
ifyrer,  of  them. 
ir)ncn,  ta  Mm. 
fie,  //fow. 


mit  tnir,  with  me. 
mit  bir,  z^zV/j  /to. 
mit  il)m,  w&A  /zzw. 
mtt  Sfytten,  with  you. 


fcort  mir,  from  me. 
i)on  \}\x,from  thee. 
Don  if)m,/r^;;/  //////. 
Don  3|nen,/w«  jw. 


1  For  the  present  learn  only  the 
singular  of  the  pronouns. 

2  The  pronoun  commonly  used 
in  addressing  one  person  or  sev- 
eral. 


8  Reflexive  of  the  third  person 
and  also  of  @tC. 

4  Observe  that  the  forms  given 
above  for  both  numbers  in  the  sec- 
ond person  are  identical  with  these. 


PERSONAL   PRONOUNS.  23 

fiir  mtcfy,1  for  me.  ofyne  mic^,1  without  me. 

fur  \}'\<ft),for  thee.  oljme  bid),  without  thee. 

fiir  tyn,for  him.  ofyne  il)n,  without  him. 

fiir  (Biz,  for  you.  ofyne  €>ie,  without  you. 

bamit,  «///$  //.  gebrad)t,  brought. 

bafiir,/^  *'/.  gefragtr  asked. 

baoon,  <?/"#.  gefprodkn,  spoken. 

barm,  /»  &  gefud^t,  looked  for,  sought. 

36.  Slufga&c* 

I.  1.  §aft  bu  midj  ober  tt)n  gefudjt?  2.  3$  fyafc  bid)  gefudjt, 
aber  id)  fyabe  bid)  nidjt  gefunben ;  too  bift  bu  getoefen?  3.  gd;  bin 
auf  bem  ©ptefylafc  unb  in  beinem  ©arten  getoefen.  4.  SBtft  bu 
mit  beinem  Dnlel  ober  ofyne  iljm  auf  bem  5ftarft  getoefen?  5.  $dj 
bin  mit  tfym  auf  bem  Waxit  getoefen ;  er  v)at  oon  bir  gefprod)en 
unb  mir  einen  Salt  fiir  bio;  gegeben.  6.  $d)  fyabe  fd)on  bamit 
gefpielt ;  fyier  ift  er.3 

II.3  1.  Charles,  I  have  a  letter  for  you.  2.  Indeed,4 
from  whom  have  you  received  it  ?  3.  From  your  cousin 
William.  4.  When  did  you  receive  it?  5.  This  morning. 
6.  I  saw  him  in  a  shop  with  his  father,  and  he  gave  it  (to) 
me  for  you.  7.  Whom  have  you  been  looking  for  (have  you 
looked  for)  ?  8.  I  have  been  looking  for  him  and  his  brother. 
9.  Did  you  find  him  ?  10.  Yes,  I  found  him,  but  without 
his  brother.  11.  When  did  you  see  his  brother?  12.  I  have 
not5  seen  him  since  Thursday.     13.  What  have  you  been 

1  Observe  that  fiir  and  oljlte  3  In  the  following  sentences  use 
govern  the  accusative.  both  &U  and  Sie,  tocitt  and  $$X, 

2  Repeat  the  above  sentences,  for  you,  your. 
substituting  the  pronoun  &\t,you,  4  ft)trJ(icl)?  or  f o  ? 

etc.,  for  bu,  thou,  etc.,  and  $f)r,  s  See  note,  page  9.     Compare 

your,  for  &etn,  thy.  See  note  1,  p.  10.       also  page  17,  note  2. 


24  CONVERSATION. 


looking  for  ?  14.  I  have  not  been  looking  for  anything 
(looked  for  nothing).  15.  Your  friend  Charles  has  been 
here  to-day  and  has  brought  something  for  you.  16.  What 
has  he  brought  for  me ?  17.  A  ball;  he  bought  it  in  a  shop 
and  gave  a  shilling  for  it.  18.  Has  the  tailor  not  yet  sent 
me  my  coat  ?  19.  He  was  here  yesterday,  but  he  did  not 
bring  your  coat :  he  has  brought  William's  coat.  20.  This 
pupil  has  been  in *  the  market  without  his  father,  and  he  has 
bought  cherries  and  strawberries  for  me. 


37.  CONVERSATION. 

1.  Form  additional  sentences,  using  the  words  that  occur  in 
the  preceding  exercises : 

9Jletn  Dnfel  fyat  mir  unb  metnem  better  etnen  Qui  gefauft. 

£)em  Dnfel  fyat  bir  unb  betnem  better  etnen  §ut  gefauft. 
3fyr  Dnfel  fyat  3$nen  unb  IJfyrem  better  etnen  Qui  gefauft. 
©etn  Dnfel  fyat  tbm  unb  feinem  SSetter  etnen  §ut  gefauft. 

SJletn  9^aa;bar  l)at  mta;  unb  metnen  ©oljm  gefud;t. 

£)em  9?aa;bar  tyat  bta;  unb  betnen  ©ofyn  gcfud)t. 
3fyr  -ftacfyBar  v)at  ©te  unb  $l>ren  ©elm  gefucfjt. 
©etn  %lad)hax  tyat  tlm  unb  fetnen  ©olm  gefudjt. 

2.  Form    questions  and  answers   based  on   the  following 
sentences : 

9ftem  ©d)ufymad)er  fyat  bem  ©olm  mctneS  9Zad;6ar§  em  $aar 
©clmfye  unb  etn  tyaax  ©ttefel  gemacfyt. 

tifragcn  (questions). 

28er  fyat  bem  ©olm  SfyreS  ^aa)bar§  etn  $aar  ©a>fye 

unb  etn  $aar  ©ttefel  gemadjt? 
2©a§  fyat  3^r  ©cfyufymadjer  bem  ©olm  SfyreS  3Zaa;bar§ 

gemaa;t  ? 

1  atlf,  with  dative. 


WEAK   DECLENSION.  25 

9Bcm  fyat  '3$r  ©cr/ulnnadjer  ein  $aar  ©dmfye  unb  ein 

$aar  ©ttefel  gemacr^t  ? 
SBeffen1  ©orm  l)at  5^r  ©tfmrmiacr/er  ein  $aar  ©a)ul)e 

unb  ein  tyaax  ©tiefel  gemacr/t  ? 

tel  ift  mit  mir  auf  bem  3Jlar!t  gemefen  unb  I)at  (Erb&eeren  ftir 
ben  ©ofyn  biefe3  Cannes  gefauft. 

$  r  a  0  c  it. 

2Ber  ift  mit  ^fynzn  (bir)  auf  bem  Tlaxtt  geroefen  ? 

2So  ift  $arl  gemefen    unb  ma§  fyat  er    fur  ben  ©ofyn 

biefe§  5Jtanne3  gefauft  ? 
Wlit  mem  ift  $arl  auf  bem  9ftarft  geroefen  ? 
gitr  meffen  ©orm  fyat  $arl  (Erbbeeren  gelauft  ? 


Sfimftc  Seftton. 

38.  THE  WEAK  DECLENSION  :  SINGULAR. 
Inflection  of  Verbs  :  Present  Tense. 

%tt  IWeffe  k$ 2  §ettu  9W.  Ijnt  cinen  $akn  mil  cinen  #afen ; 
tcr  9tak  ift  in  cincm  Simmer  mil  tier  §nfe  in  einem  Stall. 

The  nephew  of  Mr.  M.  (Mr.  M.'s  nephew)  has  a  raven  and 
a  hare ;  the  raven  is  in  a  room  and  the  hare  in  a  stable. 

39.  SINGULAR. 

N.  ber  3Reffc.  (ber)  §err  W.  ber  ©raf.  bic  ©eitc.3 

G.  beg  9?effcn.  beg  §errn  3Ji.  beg  ©rafen.  bet  ©eitc. 

D.  bem  9kffcn.  bem  §errn  W.  bem  ©rafen.  ber  ©eite. 

A.  ben  ^effen.  (ben)  §errn  9ft.  ben  ©rafen.  bic  ©eitc. 

40.  1.  We  have  seen  (28)  that  the  distinguishing  mark  of  the  strong 
declension  in  the  singular  is  the  addition  of  §,  sometimes  eg,  to  the 
nominative  to  form  the  genitive.    An  inspection  of  the  above  table  shows 

1   Whose,  the  genitive  of  ftlCV.     2  Observe  the  use  of  the  article.     3  side. 


26  WEAK    DECLENSION. 

that  the  distinguishing  mark  of  the  weak  declension  in  the  singular  of 
masculine  nouns  is  the  addition  of  n  or  en  to  the  nominative  to  form  the 
oblique  cases.     See  table  of  endings,  75. 

1.  It  must,  however,  be  added  that  feminine  nouns,  most  of  which 
belong  to  the  weak  declension,  remain  unchanged  throughout  the  singular. 

41.  To  this  declension  belong: 

1.  Most  feminine  nouns  ; 

2.  Masculines  ending  in  t ', 

3.  A  few  monosyllabic  masculines  not  ending  in  c ; 

4.  Most  masculine  foreign  nouns  accented  on  the  last  syllable. 
5.    The  most  common  nouns  included  under  3  are:   focr  fBdt,  bear; 

ber  ftitrft,  prince;  fcer  ®raf,  count;  fcer  §cU>,  hero;  fcer  §crr,  ber 
2ftenf<ij,  man;  ber  Dd)$,  ox;  ber^rinj, prince;  fcer  %%wt,fool.  See 377. 

42.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  §err,  the  gentleman.  ber  ©lepfyant/,  the  elephant. 

ber  §irt,  the  herdsman.  ber  ©olbat',  the  soldier. 

ber  £broe,  the  lion.  ber  ^iergarten,  the  zoological 

garden. 

Ijabcn,  have.  fcin,  be. 

id)  fyah  e.       mir  fyah  en.  id)  bin.        fair  ftnb. 

buftafj.     j1^6'-  bubift.     (Jf»*r 

•    '       1  ©te  bab  en.  '        ( otc  ftnb. 

er  fca  t.  fie  fyab  en.  er  ift.  fie  ftnb. 

43.  Slufgabe. 

[Read  over  44  and  45  before  doing  this  exercise.] 

I  1.  2Ser  $at  einen  diaUn  unb  einen  §afen?  2.  $er  SReffe 
beg  §erm  3JI.  r)at  einen  3flaben  unb  einen  §afen.  3.  2Ba3  fyat 
ber  9teffe  beg  §errn  9ft.  ?  4.  @inen  9faben  unb  einen  £afen  l;at 
ber  Sfteffe  be§  §erm  9fl.  5.  SDer  Sfabe  ift  in  einent  3immer  unb  ber 
§afe  in  einem  ©tail.  6.  2So  ift  ber  9tabe?  7.  3n  einem 
dimmer  ift  ber  9tabe.  8.  3Jletn  ©ofyn  ift  in  bent  Simmer  unb 
ftrielt  mit  bem  9taben.  9.  3$  babe  beinen  9Zeffen  gefuajt,  aber 
ic£  finbe  ibn  nic&t;  mo  ift  er?    10.  Sift  bu  ber  better  btefeg 


STRONG    CONJUGATION  27 

©olbaten?  11.  9cein,  icfy  Bin  fern  9lacfybar.  12.  Sag  iauft 
biefer  §err  in  bem  Saben  ?  13.  (Sr  fauft  einen  §afen  fiir  feinen 
•ifteffen.  14.  3n  bem  Siergarten  ^abe  icf)  einen  ©lepfyanten,  einen 
SBaren,  einen  Somen  unb  einen  Dtaben  gefefyen,  aber  leinen  Deafen. 
15.  §aben  ©ie  Sfyrem  Sfteffen  einen  §afen  ober  einen  $lahtn  ges 
geben?  16.  go)  fyabe  meinem  3^effen  leinen  IRahzn  gegeben,  icfy 
\)aht  leinen ;  aber  biefem  $naben  fyaht  tcfy  einen  §afen  gegeben. 

II.  1.  Mr  O.  has  a  hare  in  his  stable.  2.  My  nephew's 
raven  is  in  his  room,  and  the  hare  of  Mr.  O.  is  in  a  stable. 
3.  Who  has  given  (to)  your  nephew  this  raven  ?  4.  He  has 
received  it  from  a  gentleman  in  London.  5.  This  gentleman 
has  a  nephew  in  America.  6.  What  is  your  nephew  buying 
in  that  shop  ?  7.  He  is  buying  a  cane  for  me.  8.  With 
whom  is  he  playing?  9.  He  is  playing  with  the  nephew  of 
that  gentleman.  10.  Where  is  the  ox  of  your  uncle's  herds- 
man (of  the  herdsman  of  your  uncle)?  11.  He  is  in  the 
herdsman's  stable.  12.  What  are  you  looking  for  ?  13.  I  am 
looking  for  my  hare  ;  I  have  lost  it  in  the  garden.  14.  What 
have  you  seen  in  the  zoological  gardens  (sing.)  ?  15.  I  have 
seen  a  lion,  but  not  a  bear.  16.  What  are  you  looking  for 
in  the  room  ?  17.  I  am  looking  for  a  letter,  but  I  have  not 
yet  found  it. 

44.       STRONG  CONJUGATION:   PRESENT  TENSE. 
$tbtn,give.  fcfjeit,  see.  tyrcdjClt,  speak.        erfjttltClt,  receive. 

tcfy  geb  c.  tcfy  fef>  c.  icfy  f^recr)  c.  id)  erfyalt  c. 

bu  gieb  ft.  bit  fief)  ft.  bu  fpricfy  ft.  bu  erfyalt  ft. 

er  giebt  (gibt).  er  ftefyt.  er  fpricfyt.  er  erfyalt. 

mir  geb  en.       mir  fefy  en.         loir  fprecfy  en.       loir  erfyalt  en. 

ifyr  geb  et.  ( ifyr  fefy  et.  ( ifyr  fyrecfy  et.  ( ifyr  erfyalt  ct. 

©ie  geb  en.  1  ©ie  fefy  en.  1  ©ie  fprecfy  en.  1  ©ie  erfyalt  en. 
fie  geben.         fie  fefy  en.           fie  fyrecfycit.        fie  erfyalt  en. 

1  Slmerifa. 


28  WEAK   CONJUGATION. 

45.  WEAK  CONJUGATION  :    PRESENT  TENSE. 

f jnclcn,  play.       f aufen,  buy.         fudjen,  seek.         rctocn,  talk. 

id)  ftriel  c.  id;  f  auf  e.  tdj  fud)  c.  id;  reb  c. 

bu  fptel  fl.         bu  f  auf  ft.  bu  fud)  eft.         bu  rcb  eft. 

er  fyiel  t.  er  f auf  t.  er  fucfy  t.  er  reb  et. 

toit  fytel  en.       roir  f auf  en.       toir  fud;  en.        unr  reb  en. 

f  \bv  fyiet  t.  ( ir)r  f auf  t.  f  ifyr  fud)  t.  f  tr>r  reb  et. 

1  Sic  fyiel  en.  t  ©te  lauf  en.  1  <3ie  fud;  en.  1  6ie  reb  en. 

fie  fyiel  en.        fie  lauf  en.        fte  fud)  en.         fie  reb  en. 

46.  1.  As  there  are  two  declensions  of  nouns,  so  there  are  two  conju- 
gations of  verbs,  the  strong  and  the  weak.  Compare  the  forms  of  the 
strong  verbs  with  those  of  the  weak  in  the  preceding  table.  First,  as  to 
endings.  The  only  difference  is  the  occasional  insertion  of  c,  for  euphony, 
before  the  ending  in  the  second  and  third  persons.  But  this  is  not  a  mark 
of  distinction  between  the  two  conjugations. 

2.  Then,  as  to  the  root  syllable.  Observe  that  the  vowel  in  the  strong 
verbs  is  changed  in  the  second  and  third  persons  singular,  while  in  the 
weak  verbs  it  remains  unchanged. 

3.  Verbs  of  the  strong  conjugation  change  the  radical  vowel  in  the 
second  and  third  persons  singular  :   p  to  i,  c  to  ic  ;  a  to  it ;  QU  to  oil.1 

47.  VOCABULARY.^ 

ber  Waht,  the  raven.  auf  bem  33aum,  on  the  tree. 

ber  ©drtr>aug,  the  tail.  auf  bout  A-clb,  in  the  field. 

ber  ©rofctoater,  the  grandfather,  iu  bem  SSalb,  in  the  forest. 
ber  SSogel,  the  bird. 

bringeu,  take  to,  carry,  bring.  !ur§,2  short.     lang,  long. 

$r\ben,find.       lei&en,  lend.  aud),  also.       oft,  often. 


1  But  only  in  laufcit,  to  run,  and  faufen,  to  drink. 

2  Observe  that  \  is  represented  by  sh. 


WEAK    DECLENSION.  29 


48.  Slufaafce. 

I.  1.  gd)  fefye  einen  9taben  auf  bem  23aum;  fiefyft  bu  tljm 
audj?     2.  9?ein,  id)  fe^e  ifm  ntd^t ;  aber  ber  $nabe  fiefyt  il)n. 

3.  3$  gebe  bem  ^naben  einen  Styfel  unb  er  giebt  mir  einen 
§afen.  4.  28a§  brtngft  bn  beinem  ^reunb  3°fePfy?  5.  3$ 
brtnge  tfym  ©rbbeeren. 

II.  1.  Do  you  see  the  hare  in  the  field?  2.  Yes,  I  see 
it  and  I  see  also  a  raven  on  the  tree.  3.  The  tail  of  the 
hare  is  short,  the  tail  of  the  raven  is  long.  4.  Of  what1 
does  this  soldier  speak  ?  5.  He  speaks  of  the  lion.  6. 
Where  did  he  see  a  lion  ?  7.  He  saw  one  in  the  zoological 
gardens  on  Wednesday.  8.  Where  do  you  find  cherries  and 
strawberries  ?  9.  I  find  cherries  on  a  tree  in  the  garden 
and  William  often2  finds  strawberries  in  the  woods.  10.  My 
nephew  has  given  this 3  boy  an  apple,  and  the  boy  has  taken9 
it  to  his  grandfather.  11.  What4  Joseph  loses  Arthur5  finds, 
and  what  he  finds  he 5  brings  to  me. 

III.  Substitute  the  perfect  tense  for  the  present  in   the 
following  sentences : 

1.  @r  tft  fyungrig  nnb  bnrftig.6  2.  3$  fya&e  einen  35ogcI  in 
etnem  $ciftg.7    3.  2)er  $nabe  fytelt  tnit  bem  ©tibel8  be§  (Solbaten. 

4.  $u  tocrltcrft  oft  beinen  Sad.  5.  2Ba§  fud^ft  bu?  6.  2Ba§ 
brtngen9  ©te  ba?  7.  Setfyft10  bu  beinem  yiafyhax  nurHid)  einen 
©ulben?  8.  9Jteht  greunb  $arl  giebt  bem  ^naben  einen  2fyf el.  9. 
©er  §unb  fud;t  ben  §afen  in  bem  2Balb.  10.  3Jiein  Sfteffe  f^>rtc^>ts 
ntd^t  mefn*  mit  biefem  ©djmler.  11.  2Ba§  erfyalten  ©ie  won  3fyvem 
better?    12.  3d;  bin  ber  greunb  beinem  9iad)bar3. 

1  tt)0b01t,  better  than  tJOtt  ft>tt0.  5  See  page  109,  note  G. 

2  What  is  the  order  in  German?  6  hungry  and  thirsty. 

3  Not  accusative.  7  cage.        8  sabre. 

4  ttJttS  does  not  here  cause  an  in-  9  For  the  participle,  see  p.  23. 
version  of  the  order  of  subject  and  10  The  participle  is :  gclicljClt. 
verb. 


30  CONVERSATION. 


49.  CONVERSATION. 

1 .  Use  all  the  persons  singular  and  plural  in  the  following 
sentences  (see  53): 

3cf)  fprecfye  nicr)t  bon  meinem  Dnfel.    %\\  fprtcbft  nitfjt  oon 
beinem  Dnfel.    ©r  fpricfyt  nitf)t  toon  feinem  Dnfel  u.  f.  io.1 

3$  fefye  einen  S^aben  in  bem  ©arten  meine3  9?effen. 
3$  bin  ber  greunb  biefe§  $naben  unb  gebe  ifym  eincn  SaU. 
3$  bin  in  bem  dimmer  biefe3  §erm  unb  erfyalte  ©rbbeeren 
toon  ibm. 

2.  Form    and  answer  questions   based  on    the  following 
sentences  : 

3)iefer  ®nabe  fud^t  £arl§  greunb  in  bem  SBalb,  aber  er  finbet 
ifyn  nic^t. 

Sfrogen  (questions). 

2Ber  fud&t  £arl§  greunb  in  bem  SBalb? 
•JBeffen  greunb  fudjt  biefer  $nabe  in  bem  28alb? 
2Bo  fud&t  biefer  £nabe  £arl§  greunb? 
2Ben  finbet  er  nicr)t? 

%$  erljalte  einen  23rief  toon  bem  S^effen  biefe§  §erm  unb  fcfncfe 
ibn  bem  ©tubenten. 

ftragen. 

2Ber  err)dlt  einen  SBrief  won  bem  9?effen  biefeS  §erm? 
2Ba§  er^dttft  bu  toon  bem  9?effen  biefeS  §errn? 
28a3  erfyalten  6ie  toon  bem  9?effen  biefeS  §errn  ? 
3Son  roem  erfyalte  id;  einen  33rief  ? 
35on  toeffen  -fteffen  erfyalte  icr)  einen  SBrief  ? 

3$  !aufe  einen  Styfel  in  bem  Saben  unb  gebe  i(;n  jenem  ^naben. 

1  lint)  fo  tDCitCt  =  and  so  forth. 


POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  :    IMPERATIVE  MODE.  31 


©edjste  Sefttoit. 

50.  POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS:  THE  IMPERATIVE   MODE. 

23ittc,  flteb  bcm  $m&  cm  Stiitfdjcn1  glctfdj  ofocr  cm  ©tiirf 
SButtcr&rot  311  cffcn,  itnH  ^ole  tljitt  ttudj  cin  ®fo§  SBaffcr ; 
bcrm2  c§  ift  |wifri|  unb  tatrjtiQ  (bcmt  c§  |at  hunger  «*l 
$urjt). 

Please  give  the  child  a  slice  of  meat  or  a  piece  of  bread 
and  butter  to  eat,  and  fetch  it  also  a  glass  of  water ;  for  it  is 
hungry  and  thirsty. 

51.  1.    Observe  that  fitttc  is  for  id}  fctttc;  that  $letfd)  and  SBaffcr 

are  genitives  without  the  case-ending  c§  and  §;  and  that,  as  ititttJ  is 
neuter,  the  neuter  pronoun  c#  (35)  is  used  in  reference  to  it.  On  fHttt) 
instead  of  &iltt)C,  see  28,  1. 

2.  The  declension  of  the  definite  article  in  the  singular  masculine  and 
neuter  has  been  shown  under  27,  and  the  feminine,  under  39.  It  is  here 
given  in  full  for  future  reference. 


52. 


SINGULAR. 

PLURAL. 

Masc. 

Fem. 

Neut. 

M.  F.  N. 

N.  bcr. 

btC. 

btt§. 

bic. 

G.  bc§. 

bcr. 

bc§. 

bcr. 

D.  bcm. 

bcr. 

bcm. 

belt. 

A.  ben. 

bic. 

bag. 

bic. 

1.  Like  the  definite  article  are  declined:  btefer,  biefe,  btefe§,  this; 
jebcr,  jebc,  jebe$,  each;  jener,  jene,  jencS,  that;  memefier,  ttwndjc, 
mancfjeg,  many  a;  foIdjer#  foldje,  foid)C$,  such  a;  tnetc&er,  trjeldje,  ft)etd)C0, 
which.     But  for  the  inflection  of  jolcher  after  ein,  see  90. 


1  Properly,  little  piece.  2  See  page  11,  note  4,  k 


32 


POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  I   IMPERATIVE  MODE. 


53. 

POSSESSIVE 

SINGULAR. 

PRONOUNS. 

PLURAL. 

r 

Masc. 

Fern. 

■ -"% 

Neut. 

M.  F.  N. 

N. 

mein. 

meinc. 

mein,  my. 

meinc, 

G. 

meine§. 

meincr. 

meineg. 

meincr. 

D. 

meincm. 

meirtcr. 

meincm. 

memen. 

A. 

memen. 

meinc. 

mein. 

meinc. 

N. 

unfer. 

unfere. 

unfer,  our. 

unfere, 

G. 

unfer  eg. 

imfercr. 

unfercS. 

unfercr. 

'  D. 

unfercm. 

unfercr. 

unfercm. 

unfercn. 

A. 

unfercn. 

unfere. 

unfer. 

unfere. 

54.  1.  Like  mctn  are  declined  the  indefinite  article  cilt,  a,  and  the 
possessives  fceitt,  thy;  $fjr,  your;  ftfll,  his  or  its;  iljr,  her;  \\\,  their. 
Also  feilt,  no. 

2.  Like  unfer  is  declined  flier,  your.  Both  unfer  and  cuet  may  drop, 
in  the  oblique  cases,  the  t  before  r,  or  e  of  the  ending :  Ultferd  or  itllfl'Cd ; 

cucrm  or  eurem. 


55. 


IMPERATIVE   MODE. 


Strong  Conjugation. 

gieb,  give. 
geben  ©ie,  give. 
tyricr),  speak. 
fyrecfyen  (Sie,  speak. 
fiefy,  see. 
{efyen  ©ie,  see. 
befiefyl,  command. 
befefylen  (2ie,  command. 


Weak  Conjugation. 

ftnel(e),//#y. 
fpielen  <Bk,p/ay. 

Iauf(e),  buy. 
faufen  ©ie,  buy. 
fudf)(e),  seek. 
fuchen  <3ie,  seek. 
reb(e),  talk. 
reben  ©te,  talk. 


56.  Compare  the  above  forms  with  the  second  person  singular  and 
plural  of  the  same  verbs  in  the  present  indicative,  on  pp.  27  and  28.  What 
appears  to  be  the  law  of  the  formation  of  the  imperative  ?  When  final  c 
in  the  imperative  of  the  weak  conjugation  is  omitted,  the  omission  should 
be  indicated  by  an  apostrophe :  fpitf ,  foilf. 


POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  I    IMPERATIVE  MODE. 


33 


57.  Form  the  imperative  of 

SIrbeiten,  to  work ;  fyaben,  to  have ;  fu$en,  to  look  for  ;  lefen 
(icf)  lefe,  bu  Uefeft,  er  lieft),  to  read ;  t>ergeffen  (id?  fcergeffe,  bu 
toergiffeft,  er  toergtjjt),  to  forget. 

58.  The  pronoun  t§  is  very  seldom  used  with  a  preposition.  Instead 
of  the  pronoun  the  adverb  foa,  there,  is  used,  combined  with  the  preposition : 
toafiir,>r  it;  &arilt,  in  it;  fcamtt,  with  it;  iJtttJOll,  of  it ;  fcarttttf,  upon 
it,  thereupon ;  Darunt,  about  it.  What  seems  to  be  the  law  about  the 
use  of  the  form  fcttt?     See  these  words  in  the  general  vocabulary. 


59. 

ba§  23rot,  the  bread. 
bag  53u$,  the  book. 
bag  5letf$,  the  meat. 
bag  3[ftef}er,  the  knife. 

ber  Styfel,  the  apple. 
ber  $nabe,  M*  boy. 
ber  ^udjen,  //&<?  ra^. 

60. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  Scaler,  the  thaler. 
ber  %\\§,  the  table. 

effen,  a%  gegeffen,  /#  «t/. 
fiittert,  to  fill. 
fdfmeiben,  to  cut. 
trinfert,    tranf,    getrunfen,    to 
drink.     See  p.  34,  n.  5. 


Slufgabc* 


I.  1.  ®ag  $tnb  ifi  fyungrig;  fyol'  ifym  ein  ©titcf  S3rot.  2. 
33itte,  gteb  tym  ein  ©lag  Staffer.  3.  ©ieb  bem  $inb  ben  2tyfel 
nicfyt,  benn  eg  ift  mcf)t  Imngrig.  4.  2Bag  fyolft  bu  bem  $inb  gu 
eff en ?  5.  3$  |*>le  t^m  ein  ©tucfcfyen  gleifa?  unb  ein  ©lag 
Staffer.  6.  gfj1  biefeg  S3utterbrot  unb  trinf  biefeg  SBaffer.  7. 
2Ser  fyat  bem  $inb  gleifd?  gu  eff  en  gegeben2?  8.  SBitte,  fyole  bag 
©lag  beg  ^inbeg  unb  fiide  eg  mit  2Baffer. 

II.  1.  Please,  fetch  me  (him,  the  child)  a  glass  of  water. 

2.  Bring  me  (him,  my  friend)  a  piece  of  bread  and  butter. 

3.  Where  is  the  glass  of  the  child  ?     4.  It  is  on  the  table ;  it 
is  playing  with  it.     5.  Speak  to  3  the  child  and  give  it  a  slice 


1  Eat.         2  Observe  the  order,  and  see  page  6,  2,  last  part. 


mit 


34 


POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  I    IMPERATIVE  MODE. 


of  meat  to  eat.  6.  Where  is  the  meat  of  the  child  ?  7.  It  is 
eating1  it.  8.  What  is  the  boy  doing2  with  his  knife?  9. 
What  is  the  child  doing  with  its  knife  ?  10.  He  is  cutting 
his  cake  with  it;  it  is  cutting  its  cake  with  it.  11.  Where 
is  your  dog?  12.  It  is  in  its  kennel;  it  is  hungry  and 
thirsty,  fetch  it  something  to  eat  and  to  drink.3  13.  How 
much  has  the  boy  given  for  his  book  ?  14.  He  has  given 
a  shilling  for  it.    15.  He  is  reading  in  it. 


VOCABULARY.4 


61. 

bag  Sett,  the  bed  (22). 
bag  23ter,  the  beer. 
bag  $Pferb,  the  horse. 
bag  ©al$,  the  salt. 
bag  ©of a,  the  sofa. 
bag  Qimmtx,  the  room. 

ber  Soffel,  the  spoon. 

ber  SPfeffer,  the  pepper. 

ber  (5a)remer, the cabinet-maker. 

ber  ©enf,  the  mustard. 

ber  <&taU,  the  stab/e,  kennel. 

ber  ©tufyl,  the  chair. 

ber  ^apegter(er)  the  upholsterer. 

ber  %tfrf)Ier,  the  joiner. 

ber  28 em,  the  wine. 

§emrtd),  Henry. 

bie  ©itte,  kindness. 
gutig,  kind,  good. 
alt,  old. 


neu,  new. 

fait,  cold. 

to  arm,  warm. 

rein,  clean. 

fcfymutjig,  dirty. 

ferttg,  fin ished,  ready. 

ftt;on,  beautiful,  handsome. 

gan$,  quite. 

fer)r,  very. 

to  arum,  why? 

iote  Otel,  how  much  ? 

JU,  too  ;  to. 

maajen,  to  make. 
auf  maa^en,  to  open. 
gu'maa^en,  to  shut. 
geljoren,  to  belong  to. 
retaken,  to  reach. 
toiffen,5    frou^te,     geroufct, 
knoiv. 


to 


1  See  62. 

2  matfjt,  or  tfjut. 

8  frcffeil  Ult&  faufCtt,  of  animals. 
4  Point  out  applications  of  the 
table,  page  16. 


6  It  is  customary  to  give,  as  the 
principal  parts  of  German  verbs, 
the  present  infinitive,  the  imper- 
fect indicative,  and  the  perfect 
participle. 


POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  :    IMPERATIVE  MODE.  35 

62.  tmffctt,  to  know;  cffctt,   to  eat. 

Present  Tense. 

i$  toetfj.         ftrir  miff  en.  id)  effe.        mir  eff  ctt. 

butoeifst.     j|!rtoi!tcf-  bu  iff  eff    ||!refirrct- 

(  ©te  mtff  en.  (.  ©te  eff  ctt. 

er  meifs.  fie  nriff  ctt.  er  if*  t.         fie  eff  en. 

Form  the  imperatives  of  tDtffclt  and  cfftlt. 

63.  Examine  the  following : 

%§  ma$e  ba§  genfter  gu,  I  shut  the  window. 

3$  fyaBe  ba§  genfter  §ugemad)t,  I  have  shut  the  window. 

Wafyt  (madden  ©ie)  ba§  genfter  §u,  shut  the  window. 

3$  macf)e  ba§  genfter  auf/  I  °Pen  tne  window. 

3$  fyaBe  ba§  fyenfter  aufgemacfyt,  I  have  opened  the  window. 

64.  Verbs  in  German  may  be  compounded  with  prepositions, 
adjectives,  or  adverbs.  Such  of  these  prefixes  as  are  separable  are 
placed  at  the  end  of  the  sentence,  in  the  simple  tenses.  The  augment  gc 
of  the  perfect  participle  is  inserted  after  the  prefix.  The  separable  prefix 
receives  the  accent.     See  page  5,  3. 

65.  Slufaa&e, 

I.  1.  33itte,  mad)e  ba§  genfter  gu,  berm  e§  ift  fefyr  fait  in  bem 
gimmer.  2.  23er  fyat  e§  aufgemad)t?  3.  3d)  meifj  e3  nid)t. 
4.  ©ei  fo  gut  (giitig)  unb  reid)e  mir  ba§  ©al§,  ben  Spfeffer,  ben 
©enf.  5.  SBitte,  geben  ©ie  mir  ein  ©Ia§  SSaffer !  6.  ©eien  ©ie 
fo  giitig  unb  geben  ©ie  mir  ein  ©la§  SSaffer!  7.  ©eien  ©ie  fo 
giitig  mir  ein  ©Ia§  28affer  §n  geben.  8.  QaUn  ©ie  bie  (SJiitc 
mir  ein  ©Ia§  SBaffer  gu  geben.  9.  ©eben  ©ie  mir  ein  ©Ia§ 
Staffer,  menu  id)  hitUn  barf.1  10.  2Ber  t)at  biefen  £ifrf)  gemad)t? 
11.  9flein  3rifd)Ier,  §err  9t,  r)at  ifyn  gemarfjt.  12.  5D^act)en  ©ie 
ba§  ©ofa  rein ;    ba§  $inb  r)at  e§  fd)mu£ig  gemad)t. 

1  If  I  may  be  allowed  to  ask  [the  favor). 


36  POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  :    IMPERATIVE  MODE. 


II.  1.  Please  open  the  window,  it  is  too  warm  in  this  room. 
2.  Why  have  you  shut  it  ?  3.  It  has  been  cold.  4.  Have  you 
fetched  (gefyolt)  a  chair,  William?  5.  Yes,  papa,  here  it  is.  6. 
Give  it  to  Mr.  A.  7.  Has  the  joiner  sent  the  table  ?  8.  No, 
it  is  not  yet  finished,  but  the  upholsterer  has  sent  the  sofa. 
9.  Is  it  handsome?  10.  Yes,  very  handsome.  11.  Have  the 
kindness  to  reach  me  that  spoon.  12.  Please  shut  the  book. 
13.  Shut  it  and  bring  it  me.  14.  Who  has  made  the  table 
dirty?  15.  Please,  Henry,  make  it  clean  again.  16.  Here  is 
beer,  drink  a  glass  of  it.  17.  No,  thank  you,2  I  am  not 
thirsty.  18.  Is  this  bed  old  or  new?  19.  It  is  quite  new,  the 
upholsterer  brought  it  yesterday.  20.  Does  this  horse  belong 
to  you  or  to  your  uncle?  21.  When  were  you  in  grandpapa's 
room  ?     22.  I  have  not  been  in  it  since  Saturday. 


66.  Examine  the  following  examples : 

1.  SSeffen  §ut  ift  bag?  @3  ift  meiner.  Whose  hat  is  this? 
It  is  mine. 

2.  Seir)e  ifym  bem  23ud).  @r  f)at  feine3  berloren.  Lend  him 
your  book.     He  has  lost  his. 

3.  §ter  ift  meine  geber.  SSer  fyat  !J$re  ?  Here  is  my  pen. 
Who  has  yours  ? 

4.  Sieft  ba§  $mb  in  trtemem  SefeBud)  ober  m  feinem  ?  Does 
the  child  read  in  my  reading-book  or  in  his  ? 

67.  1.  Observe  that  in  each  of  the  above  sentences,  containing  a 
possessive  pronoun  without  a  noun  following,  the  pronoun  takes  the 
endings  of  the  definite  article  (52),  except  that  the  neuter  has  tS  for 
0§  of  the  article. 

2.  The  forms  of  the  possessive  pronouns  thus  used,  to  which  add  till, 
one,  and  ff in,  no,  are  in  the  nominative  as  follows : 

1  again  clean  =  hJtctoev  fCttt.  indicate  the  declining  of  an  offer. 

8  Besides  nein,  id)  banfe  3hnen,  33ttte,  or,  roemi  id)  bitten  barf,  or, 

one  may  say,  id)  banfe  Sbttcn,  or,  fefir   gem    {very  gladly),   indicates 

banfe  3f)nen,   or  simply  banfe,  to  acceptance  of  an  offer. 


POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  :    IMPERATIVE  MODE. 


37 


68.    POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  USED  SUBSTANTIVELY. 


memcr,  meme,  metrtcg,  mine. 

beiner,  betrte,   beinc£,    thine. 

Sfyrer,  Sfyrc,    <i$f)Xt8,    yours. 

ifyrer,  tf?rc,     tfyrc§,     hers. 

feiner,  feme,    feinel,    his, its.  feiner,     feinc,     feine§,   «0«<?. 


unfercr,  unferc,  imfercS,  0/^. 

euerer,    euere,  euere§,  yours. 

'ikjXtt,     ifyrc,  ifyrcS,     #«rj, 

enter,      eine,  ehtc§,    one. 


69. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  33ua;erf$ranf,  the  book-case. 
ba§  §aug,  M*  house. 
bag  §eft,  ^/^  exercise-book. 
bag  Sefebud),  //*<?  reading-book. 
bag  $ferb,  M*  /for^. 
bag  ©d;rei&ebua),  the  copy-book. 
beg  Slbenbg,  *«  //z<?  evening. 
beg  5Rorgeng,  /Vz  ///^  morning. 
beg  ^acfymittagg,  *>*  ^  after- 
noon. 

eben  f o  grof$,  fust  as  large. 
nicfyt  f o  grofs  ir>ie,  «<?/  .ro  /#  ^  as. 
biel,  much. 

eben  fo  \>\tl,just  as  much. 
tone  fciel  ?  /^w  w«^  ? 


beutlta),  distinct,  distinctly. 

immer,  always. 

tnit  SSergnugen,  with  pleasure. 

langfam,  j/tfa/,  slowly. 

laut,  /^^^/,  loudly. 

fcfylecfyt,  £tf</,  fodTy. 

ar'beiten,  /<?  w^r^. 

beten,  to  pray. 

fyelfen,  fyalf,  gefyolfen  (with 

dat.),  to  help. 
foften,  /#  cost. 
lefcn,  lag,  gelefen,  /#  read. 
Itegen,  lag,  gelegen,  to  lie  (of 

position), 
fcevgeffen,  fcergaft,  fcergeffen,  to 

forget. 


70. 


id)  fyelf  c. 
butyilfft. 
er  t>tlf  t. 

totr  fyelf  en. 
( U)r  fyelf  et. 
(  6ie  fyelf  en. 

fie  ^clf  en. 


PARADICMS. 

U$  lef  c. 
bu  lief  eft. 

er  lief  t. 

tow  lef  en. 

ifyr  lef  et. 
©ie  lef  en. 
fie  lef  en. 


u$  fcergeff  e. 
bu  toergtf)  eft. 
er  feergijs  t. 

totr  toergeff  en. 
f  'Oft  fcergeff  et. 
1  ©ie  bergeff  en. 

fie  bergeff  en. 


38  POSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS  :    IMPERATIVE  MODE. 


71.  2lufgabe, 

I.  1.  9Jtem  SRocf  ift  nia;t  fo  fcfyon  tote  beiner,  aber  er  ift  eben 
fo  fdfjon  ir-ie  feiner.  2.  2Bie  t>iel  foftet  biefe3  «Pf erb  ?  3.  @3 
foftet  fo  fciel  toie  beine§,  aber  eg  ift  nia;t  fo  fa)on.  4.  £teft  ba§ 
&inb  in  feinem  Sefebud;  ober  in  meinem?  5.  @3  lieft  in  feinem, 
aber  ia;  (efe  in  kin  em.  6.  g$  Ijabz  ein  ©$reibebu$  oerloren; 
r/aft  bu  eine§  gefefyen?  7.  ^ein,  ia)  fyahs  feineS  gefefyen.  8. 
§err  9?v  bergeffen  ©ie  nicr)t,  in  gfrrem  Sua;  gu  lefen ;  e8  liegt 
in  S^em  Sita;erfd;ranf.  9.  $arl,  oergig  nidjt,  in  beinem  Sua; 
gu  lefen;  e§  liegt  in  beinem  23ud;erfa;ranf.  10.  8ie3  laut! 
11.  £ie§  langfam!  12.  Sefen  <5ie  beutlidf)!  13.  SBergifj  nia;t, 
be§  3Cftorgen§  unb  be3  2lbenb§  gu  ©ott  gu  beten !  14.  Set'  unb 
arbeit',  bann  (then)  fyUft  ©ott  alle^eit  (at  all  times). 

II.  1.  Henry,  here  is  your  reading-book;  but  where  is 
mine  ?  2.  I  have  seen  yours  in  the  book-case.  3.  Have 
you  also  seen  my  exercise-book?  4.  No,  I  have  not  seen 
yours,  but  I  have  seen  William's.1  5.  Have  you  a  horse  ? 
6.  Yes,  I  have  bought  one  this  morning.2  7.  Did  Fred 
(gritj)  bring  you  a  copy-book  ?  8.  Yes,  he  has  brought  me 
one,  but  it  is  not  so  handsome  as  thine  (yours).  9.  How 
much  does  it  cost  ?  10.  It  costs  just  as  much  as  yours. 
11.  Please,  lend  me  a  shilling.  12.  With  pleasure,  here  is 
one.  13.  Be  so  kind  as  to  lend  me  a  reading-book,  I  have 
forgotten  mine.  14.  With  pleasure,  here  is  one,  but  you 
always  forget  something.  15.  Have  you  been  in  your 
garden  to-day?  16.  No,  I  have  not  been  in  mine,  I  have 
been  in  his.  17.  Is  his  garden  large?  18.  It  is  not  quite 
so  large  as  Mr.  N.'s/  but  it  is  quite  as  large  as  mine,  and 
does  not  cost  so  much.  19.  Mr.  R.  bought  a  house  on 
Friday.  20.  Indeed4!  Is  it  handsome?  21.  It  is  not  so 
handsome  as  your  nephew's.     22.    Do  not  forget  to  bring 

1  SBil&elmS.     2  See  P.  74,  n.  3.     3  gerrn  SO.     4  @o !  or.  SBirflid) ! 


CONVERSATION.  39 


your  ball,1  if  you  please ;  I  have  lost  mine  in  the  field,  and 
Henry  has  lost  his  in  the  forest.  23.  Read  slowly  and  loud, 
if  you  please.     24.    Do  not  speak  so  loud,  if  you  please. 

25.  Joseph   does   not   speak   so  distinctly   as  his    brother. 

26.  Be  so  kind  as  to  help  me  2  (him,  your  friend). 


72.  CONVERSATION. 

I.  Answer  the  following  questions  in  German  : 

1.  Sringen  ©ie  mem  Sua)  ober  3fyre§?  2.  ©uo)en  ©ie 
Sfyren  §ut  ober  feinen?  3.  3ft  fein  §au§  nia)t  fo  groft  unb  fa)bn 
hue  beineS?  4.  §at  ber  Xapegterer  mem  ©of a  gebraa)t  ober 
3fyre§?  5.  2Bie  bid  foftct  biefer  §ut?  6.  2Bo  fyaben  ©ie 
btefen  §ut  gefauft?  7.  §at  ber  ©a)neiber  S^ren  dioti  gebraa)t? 
8.  gft  biefer  Sftocf  alt  ober  rteu?  9.  ©tebft  bu  ben  Sail  mtr  ober 
u)m?  10.  ©iebt  er  ben  §afen  tt)m  ober  3*?nen?  H-  ©fcielft 
bu  mit  bem  $inb?  12.  2Sa§  fyaft  bu  bem  $inb  geliefyen? 
13.  ©ua)ft  bu  ba3$inb?  14.  SBann  tyaft  bu  ben  Sfkben  auf 
bem  Saum  gefefyen?  15.  Son  toem  fyat  er  ba§  $ferb  gefauft? 
16.  Qabzn  ©ie  bem  ©olbaten  am  S)onner§tag  ober  greitag  etit>a§ 
ge[cf>idet?    17.  SSarum  Iteft  ba3  Jvinb  nia)t  in  feinem  Sua)  ? 

II.  Change  the  following  sentences  to  the  imperative,  both  forms : 

1.  3$  effe  feme  $irfa)en.  2.  3$  Sebe  meinem  ©a)netber 
ben  9focf  guritcf.  3.  3a)  lefe  in  biefem  Sua).  4.  3$  fyelfe  bem 
©a^iiler  ba§  ©a)reibebua)  fud)en.  5.  3$  Sebe  bem  ^mD  em 
©titcf  Sutterbrot.  6.  3d)  r;oIe  bem  9Jtann  ein  ©ta3  Ster. 
7.  3$  oergeffe  ma)t  mein  Sefebud)  $u  bringen.  8.  3$  leu)e 
Sfyrem  greunb  9J?aj  einen  ©Riding.  9.  3a)  maa>  mein  Sua) 
£*.    10.  3$  fyred)e  nia)t  laut. 

1  The  order  is :  your  ball  to  ( ju)  bring.  2  Not  accusative. 


40 


FEMININE  NOUNS  I    AUXILIARY  VERBS  OF  MODE. 


(Steieittc  Scftton. 

73.  FEMININE  NOUNS:   AUXILIARY  VERBS  OF  MODE- 

©mma  Ijat  Wcfe  SHeifctoer  in  i^rer  8djuMa&e  gcfunticn  unti 
fdjreibt  tomtit;  toem  Qcprt  fte?  — Ste  geljirt  nidjt  tfjr ;  id) 
glaube,  ftc  gel/art  mcinet  abet  Suifcnd  Sdjtoejtcr.    <3aj  toitt 

ftttgCtt. 

Emma  has  found  this  lead-pencil  in  her  drawer,  and  is 
writing  with  it ;  to  whom  does  it  belong  ?  —  It  does  not 
belong  to  her ;  I  think  it  belongs  to  my  sister  or  Louisa's. 
I  will  ask. 

74.  It  has  been  remarked  (40,  2),  that  feminine  nouns  have  all 
cases  of  the  singular  alike.  But  feminine  proper  names  of  persons 
follow  the  law  for  masculines,  and  add  0  in  the  genitive,  or,  if  the 
nominative  ends  in  e,  add  n0.  Hence  (fminmi,  gutfeng;  like  (SftttUrttf, 
30i(l£Ctt$.  But  the  article  may  be  used  with  such  a  noun  in  the  oblique 
cases,  and  then  the  noun,  whether  the  name  of  a  male  or  female,  remains 
unchanged. 

The  learner  may  now  profitably  review  the  paradigms  under 
27  and  39  ;  read  again  26,  2,  together  with  40,  2,  and  41 ;  and 
examine  the  following 


75. 


Table  of  Endings  in  the  Singular. 


STRONG  DECLENSION. 

WEAK  DECLENSION. 

N. 
G. 
D. 
A. 

—    0 

—   e3 
-(e) 

—  n 

—  n 

—  n 

—  en 

—  en 

—  en 

—  - 

FEMININE  NOUNS  I    AUXILIARY  VERBS  OF  MODE.        41 

76.  From  this  point  the  vocabularies  follow  the  exercises,  and 
it  is  recommended  that  the  learner  go  through  the  exercises  mentally, 
referring  to  the  vocabularies  following  for  the  meanings  of  words. 
Before  writing  the  translations  of  the  English  exercises  the  vocabularies 
should  be  reviewed,  but  the  task  of  committing  to  memory  will  then  be 
found  an  easy  one.     For  omitted  words  see  general  vocabularies. 

77.  Slufga&c. 

I.  1.  28er  fyat  eine  SBletfeber  in  ber  ©dmblabe  gefunben? 
2.  @mma  fyat  eine  231eifeber  in  ber  ©d;ublabe  gefunben.  3.  2Ba§ 
fyat  @mma  in  ifyrer  ©d;ublabe  gefunben  ?  4.  @ine  23Ieifeber  hat 
fie  in  ifyrer  ©cfyublabe  gefunben.  5.  3Bo  fyat  fie  eine  SBleifeber 
gefunben?  6.  gn  £uifen§  ©cbublabe  (in  ber  ©tfmblabe  ber  Suife) 
f)at  fie  eine  SMeifeber  gefunben.  7.  2Ba§  mad;t  fie  mit  ber  23lei= 
feber?    8.  Sie  fcfyreibt  bamit.    9.  2Bem  gefyort  bie  SBIeifeber? 

10.  3$  gtaube,  fie  gefyort  meiner  ©cfytoefter ;  @mma§  ©defter, 
£uifen3  <3d)ft>efter  (ber  ©cfytoefter  ber  @mma,  ber  Suife).  11.  feat 
fie  bie  SBleifeber  in  it)rer  <S<fmblabe  gefunben  ober  in  ber1  ber 
Suife?    12.  6ie  fyat  fie  in  b  er  ber  @mma  gefunben. 

II.  1.  Louisa  has  found  a  lead-pencil  in  her  drawer. 
2.  Emma  has  found  a  lead-pencil  in  Louisa's  drawer  and 
Louisa  has  found  one2  in  Emma's  drawer.  3.  Has  she  found 
it  in  her  drawer  or  in  Louisa's  ?  4.  To  whom  does  this 
drawer  belong  ?  5.  It  belongs  to  my  sister.  6.  What  does 
she  do  with  it?  7.  She  has  her  copy-book,  her  exercise- 
book,  her  pen  and  her  lead-pencil  in  it.  8.  Does  this  flower 
belong  to  him3?  9.  No,  it  belongs  to  her;  she  has  given 
him  something  for  it.     10.  To  whom  does  this  ring  belong? 

11.  It  belongs  to  my  sister  Mary;  she  lost  it  in  her  room 
yesterday.  12.  Who  has  brought  this  book  ?  13.  William's 
brother  has  brought  it  this  morning.  14.  Why  do  you 
give  Louisa  the  lead-pencil?  15.  It  does  not  belong  to 
her,  it  belongs  to  her  brother.     16.   What  did  you  find  in 

1  That.         2  tint.         3  The  order  is  il}m  Mefe  Slumc. 


42  CONVERSATION. 


my  sister's  drawer  (in  the  drawer  of  my  sister)  ?  17.  I 
found  this  lead-pencil  in  it.  18.  Did  you  write1  with  it  ? 
19.  No,  it  is  too  (§u)  bad.  20.  Is  this  flower  for  your  aunt  ? 
21.  Yes,  it  is  for  her;  I  received  it  from  a  gardener;  it  is 
very  pretty.  22.  What  have  you  given  for  it?  23.  I  have 
given  nothing  for  it. 

78.  PARADIGMS, 

ft) Often,  to  will.  {often,  to  be  obliged.       mitffcn,  to  be  compelled. 

icfy  mill,    mtr  Gotten,  tcfy  foil,    toir  foUcn.  id)  mug.  mtr  miiffen. 

bu  itnllft.  %  ,DDltf    bu  f  oil*.  *  «**•    bu  mufjt.  j*  "Jj* 
©te  mollen.  ©te  fofl.cn.  ©te  muff  en. 

er  mitt,     fie  mollen.    er  foil,     fie  foUen.    er  mug.  fie  miiffen. 


79.  Exami?ie  the  following  sentences : 

1.  3$  mitt  meine  Slufgabe  lemen,  I  will  (intend  to)  learn 
my  lesson. 

2.  3d)  foil  meine  Slufgabe  lemen,  I  am  to  (ought  to,  am  told 
to)  learn  my  lesson. 

3.  3d)  mug  meine  Slufcjabe  lemen,  I  must  (am  compelled  to)    J 
learn  my  lesson. 

4.  3d)  merbe  meine  Slufgaoe  lemen,  I  shall  (am  going  to) 
learn  my  lesson. 

(1)  Observe  that  the  infinitive  is  used  without  JU,  to.  Avoid 
confusing  the  first  and  last  in  meaning.  The  first  denotes  purpose, 
the  last  simple  futurity. 

(2)  SBoften  sometimes  denotes  the  instant  future,  precisely  like  the 
Latin  active  periphrastic:  (£r  ftJtfl  0C!)cn  —  est  iturus,  he  is  on  the 
point  of  going. 


1  f)aben  . . .  gefdjricben, 


FEMININE  NOUNS  '.    AUXILIARY  VERBS  OF  MODE.         48 

80.  SHufgafcc, 

I.  1.  ^iftft  bumireinen^ogen  papier  leifyen?  2.  9JHt$er- 
gniigen ;  fyier  ift  einer  unb  aucr)  eine  geber.  3.  3Sa§  hriHft  bu 
benn  fd)retben?  4.  3$  f°H  emen  23rief  anl  tneine  £ante 
fd^reiben ;  geftern  fyabe  id)  an  beine  gefcfyrieben.  5.  -3d)  mufj 
aucr;  ein  Goubert  fyaben;  toittft  bu  mir  ein§2  geben?  6.  SDcit 
mem  foUft  bu  fptelen,  mit  feiner  Goufine  ober  mit  tfyrer?  7. 
3$  foil  gu  i^rer  Goufine  gefyen  unb  mit  ifyr  fpielen.  8.  get)  muft 
je|t  meine  2lufgabe  lernen,  unb  nattier  mug  id)  eine  ©eite  nod) 
einmal  abfd)reiben.  9.  SDiefer  $nabe  foil  fleijjtg  lernen,  aber  er 
ift  faut  unb  mitt  nid&t.  10.  SBitlft  bu  ein  ©la3  2Bein  trinfen? 
11.  3d)  bam*e  t  a&er  i$  nefyme3  ein  ©la§  SBaffer,  menu  id)  bitten 
barf.  12.  9cefymen  ©ie  nocf)  eine  £affe  £fyee  ?  13.  gd)  banle, 
id)  i>abe  fd)on  jmei  (two)  ^affen  gebabt. 

II.  1.  Will  you  take4  a  cup  of  coffee,  Mary?  2.  No, 
thank  you ;  but  I  will  take  a  cup  of  tea  or  a  cup  of  milk,  if 
you  please.  3.  Your  tea  is  very  good  ;  where  do  you  buy  it  ? 
4.  I  buy  it  at 5  a  shop  in  Market  Street.6  5.  Will  you  not 
take  another  slice  of  meat?  6.  Thank  you,7  I  will  take  an- 
other slice,  I  am  hungry.  7.  No,  thank  you,  I  have  had  quite 
enough.  8.  To-morrow  she  is  to  pay8  a  visit  to  her  uncle  A., 
and  the  day  after  to-morrow  to  her  aunt  B. ;  her  uncle  lives 
in  King  Street9  and  her  aunt  in  Market  Street.9  9.  Have 
you    written    your    letter    to    your   cousin    Julia,10   Louisa? 

10.  Not  yet,    mamma,    but  I  will  write  it  this  afternoon.11 

11.  When  will  you  learn  your  lesson?     12.  You  must  know 


1  Observe  that  with  f  tftretbcn  we  4  Either,    foofleit   Sie   neljttteit, 

have  here  an  followed  by  the  accu-  or  HCljlUClt  Sic.           5  in  with  dat. 

sative,  while  with  gdjCU,  in  7,  JU  is  6  Say,  in  the  Market  Street. 

used  followed  by  the  dative.  7  See  p.  36,  note  2.     (feftr  gem, 

2  Contracted  from  ctne£.  or,  mit  SBergnugen,  or,  @ic  firtb  jehr 

3  The  present  is  much  used  in  giittg.)  8  madjCll ;  literally,  make. 
German  for  the  future;  here,  do  9  See  note  6  above.  10  ^ulie. 
you  take  ?  for  will  you  take  ?  n  Accusative.    See  p.  74,  note  3. 


44        FEMININE  NOUNS  I    AUXILIARY  VERBS  OF  MODE. 

it  to-morrow.  13.  I  will  learn  it  this  evening.  14.  To-morrow 
I  will  pay  a  visit  to x  my  friend  Mary ;  she  is  ill  and  must 
remain  in  her  room.  15.  You  must  read  this  page  and  after- 
wards copy  your  exercise,  it  is  too  badly  written.  16.  Will  he 
write  his  letter  with  his  pen  or  with  hers,  or  with  yours  ?  17. 
I  think  he  will  write  it  with  mine ;  it  is  better  than  his 
and  hers.  18.  Go  and  give  him  this  envelope.  19.  Shall  I 
wind  up  your  watch  ?  20.  No,  thank  you,  I  have  already 
wound  it  up.  21.  Have  you  a  key?  22.  Yes,  here  it  is. 
23.  Is  his  watch  as  good  as  mine  ?  24.  I  think  it  is  better, 
but  it  is  not  so  handsome. 


81. 


VOCABULARY. 


bie  (Efyofolabe,  chocolate. 

bie  (Soufine,  Safe,  cousin. 

bie  gaulbett,  idleness. 

bie  greunbin,  friend. 

bie  ©rofsmutter,  grand-mother. 

bie  ^oniggftrajse,  King  Street. 

bie  ^ranffyeit,  illness. 

bie  ;UJlama,  mamma. 

bie  5Rar!tftra^e,  Market  Street. 

bie  SJtUrf),  milk. 

erne  £affe  TOla;,  a  cup  of  milk. 

eirte  £affe  £fyee,  a  cup  of  tea. 

bie  Gutter,  mother. 

bie  yiad)hax\n,  neighbor. 

bie  ^icfyte,  niece. 

bie  (5d)ixUx'm,  pupil. 

bie  &i\it,page. 

bie  (Strafe,  street. 

1  Dative. 

2  The   gender   of   a   compound 


bie  ^ante,  aunt.  s 

bie  Ufctmg,  llbunggaufgabe, 

exercise. 
bie  Ufyr,  watch,  time-piece. 

ber  23efu$,  visit. 

ber^Bogen^apter,  sheet  of  paper. 

ber  gleijs,  diligence. 

ber  (Partner,  gardener. 

ber  $affee,  coffee. 

ber  $omg,  king. 

ber  3JJarft,  market. 

ber  ^ftorgen,  morning. 

ber  9Zad;mittag,  afternoon. 

ber  6  caitiff  el,  key. 

ber  £fyee,  tea. 

ber  Ufyrfcfyliiffel,2  watch-key* 

ba§  Goufcert,  envelope. 

noun  is,  in  most  cases,  the  same 
as  that  of  the  last  component  part. 


FEMININE  NOUNS  I    AUXILIARY  VERBS  OF  MODE. 


45 


faul,  idle,  slothful,  lazy. 
ffeijjig,  diligent,  industrious. 
Irani,  sick,  ill,  infirm. 
an,  prep,  with  dat.  and  ace, 

by,  at,  to. 
%a,  prep,  with  dat.,  to. 

al§,  than. 

beffer,  better. 

jettf,  now,  at  present. 

morgen,  to-morrow. 

nad^er,  afterwards. 

nod)  ein  (eine),  another. 

nod)  einmal,  once  more,  again. 


tibermorgen,  the  day  ajter 
to-morrow . 

abfdjjreiben,  fd^rteb  ah,  ah* 

gefd?rieben,  to  copy. 
auf^iefyen,  gog  auf,  aufge-^ogen, 

to  wind  up. 
bteiben,  blieb,  geblieben  (f.),1 

ta  remai?i. 
banlen,  6?  //fo;z>£  (with  dat.). 
gefyen,  ging,  gegemgen  (f.),  to  go. 
glauben,  to  think. 
nefymen,  nafym,  genommen,  to 

take. 


82.    •  PARADIGMS. 

fOttneit,  to  be  able.  biirfen,  to  be  allowed. 


mbQCtt,  to  like. 


i$  lann.  ftn'r  lonncn.    tdj  barf,    fair  biirfen.   tdj  mag.    fair  mogen. 
bu  fannfl.  ^r  «nnt-       bu  barf  ji.  |!r  ***•     bu  magft.  )£  mb8ct- 


Bu  lonnen. 
er  lann.    fie  lonncn.     er  barf. 


Sie  biirfen. 

fie  biirfen.     er  mag. 


©ie  mogen. 
fie  mogen. 


83. 


2fufgafce. 


I.  1.  3$  barf2  gu  metnem  greunb  gefyen  unb  mit  ifym  f^telen; 
er  ift  geftern  bei3  mir  gemefen  unb  $at  mit  mtr  unb  meiner  ©oufine 
gefyielt.    2.  $annft  bu  mit  meiner  geber  fd^reiben?    3.  3d)  lann 


1  Verbs  conjugated  with  feilt 
instead  of  (jaDCU,  are  followed  in 
the  vocabularies  by  an  (f.). 

8  Observe  that  fiimten,  tiiirfen^ 


and  mogen,  like  molten,  foUen, 

muffen  (79),   are  followed  by   the 
infinitive  without  jU- 

3  Observe  the  preposition. 


46        FEMININE  NOUNS  I    AUXILIARY  VERBS  OF  MODE. 

fefyr  gut l  bamit  f d)reibcu ;  id)  I;abe  geftcm  2(benb  meine  2luf gabe 
bamit  gefdjrieben  ;  aber  id)  mag  uid)t  mit  fetrter  fdbreibeu,  fie  ift  gu 
roeid),  §u  fyart.  4.  9D?arie  mag  btefeS  papier  md)t  laufen ;  fie  fann 
nid^t  barauf  fd^reiben.  5.  2)arf  i$  fefyeu,  toa§  bu  lief  eft?  6.  D 
ja,  ba§  barfft  bu;  e3  ift  eine  geitung.  ?•  $0nuft  bu  fie 
fcerftefyen?  8.  3$  kerftefye  uid)t  2We§  barin.  9.  Gormen  ©tc 
mir  fagen,  too  grau  21.  toofmt?  10.  2Barum  biirfeu  <5ie  md)t 
aus>gefyen  ? 

II.  1.  Can  you  speak  German  ?  2.  A  little,  I  am  learning 
it.  3.  My  sister  can  speak  German  and  French ;  she  often 
speaks  with  my  uncle ;  he  has  been  in  Germany  and  France. 
4.  Do  you  understand  what  I  say  ?  5.  I  understand  a  little, 
but  not  all.  6.  Mr.  N.'s  niece  can  read  English,  but  she 
cannot  speak  it.  7.  Can  you  go  to  the 2  theatre  to-night  ? 
8.  Yes,  I  may,  but  I  do  not  like  to  go.  9.  Why  not  ? 
10.  I  do  not  like  to  go  alone,  and  my  brother  cannot  go 
with  me;  he  has  no  time.  11.  How  much  did  you  pay 
for  this  watch?  12.  I  paid  £&5  for  it.  13.  It  is  very 
pretty.  14.  Will  you  not  buy  one  also  ?  15.  I  am  to  have 
one  at  Christmas  or  at  Easter.  16.  Has  your  father  read 
the  newspaper  ?  17.  Yes,  and  my  mother  is  reading  (reads) 
it  now ;  afterwards  you  may  read  it  also.  18.  Did  your 
father  find  anything  new4  in  it  ?  19.  I  don't  know;  I  have 
not  asked  him.  20.  May  Henry  play  in  the  garden  this 
afternoon  ?  21.  No,  he  is  to  remain  in  the  room  and  to 
learn  his  lesson. 


1  Adjectives    may    be    used   in  4  cttUflS  9icUC$.     In  Latin:  ali- 

German  as  adverbs  without  change  quid  novi,  anything  of  new.    After 

of  form.  CtttJOS,  anything,  something;    t0a$, 

2  ing  £f)eater,or,inba$3njcatcr.  vkatt  something;  mdjtg,  nothing, 

3  ad)t  ^funfo.    Observe  the  sin-  the  adjective  is  treated  as  a  neuter 
gular.     See  also  151.  substantive  in  apposition. 


CONVERSATION. 


47 


84. 


VOCABULARY. 


bie  ^rau,  lady  (Mrs.). 
bie  ©cfyacfytel,  band-box. 
bie  3eit,  time. 
bie  .JJetiung,  newspaper. 

ba§  £fy eater,  theatre. 

©eutfdjlanb,1  Germany. 

(Snglanb,  England. 

granfreia),  France. 

$u  Dftern,  #/  Easter. 

$u  SSeifynaa^ten,  a/  Christmas. 

alteirt,  <2/<?;z£. 

alle^,  #//,  everything. 

bei  ifym,  «/*M  /j/w  {at  his  house). 

mit  il)m,  af*#  /«'w. 

bon  ifym,  from  him. 

gu  tfym,  to  him  (motion). 

bei  ifyr,  with  her. 

mit  ifyr,  a>/M  her. 

Don  tytffrom  her. 

•§\  tfyr,  /<?  -#<?r. 

fiir  tlm,/0r  him. 

fiir  ^,  for  her. 


ofyne  tfyn,  without  him. 
ofyne  fie,  without  her. 
taenia,,  /*#/*. 
beutf$,  German. 
englifd;,  English. 
franjoftfd;,  French. 
§vfo\§,  pretty. 

aufmad;en,  offnen,  /#  ^*». 
begafylen,  to  pay. 
tern  en,  to  learn. 
fagen,  to  tell,  to  say. 
fcerftefyen,  toerftanb,  fcerftanben, 

to  understand. 
barauf,  on  it. 
barauS,  out  of  it. 
babei,  with  it. 
bafiir,  for  it. 
barin,  in  it. 
bamit,  with  it. 
batiotlsfrom,  of  it. 
bariiber,  over  it. 
barunter,  under  it. 
ba§u,  to  it. 


85.  CONVERSATION. 

1. 1.  @mma  fyat  fytuU  TOorgen  eine  33leifeber  in  einer  ©a^ublabe 
gefunben  unb  fyat  fie  ber  £uife  gegeben. 

2.  SSer  fyat  fyeute  Sftorgen  eine  SBleifeber  k. 

3.  @mma  fyat  tyeute  SO^orgen  eine  23Ieifeber  sc.   » 

4.  28a§  fyat  @mma  fyeute  9ttorgen  in  einer  Stfmblabe  gefunben? 


1  Most  names  of  countries  are  neuter. 


48  CONVERSATION. 


5.  (Sine  SBIeifeber  §at  @mma  fouti  9ttorgen  k. 

6.  2Bann  fyat  (Smma  eine  SBleifeber  jc. 

7.  §eute  Sftorgen  fyat  @mma  eine  SBleifeber  $c 

8.  2So  fyat  @mma  fyeute  Sttorgen  eine  SBleifeber  gefunben? 

9.  gn  einer  ©cfyublabe  t^at  @mma  fyeute  9ftorgen  tc 

10.  2Bem  t;at  fie  bie  ©leifeber  gegeben? 

11.  £)er  Suife  f>at  fie  bie  33leifeber  gegeben. 

12.  2Ber  fyat  ber  Suife  eine  SBleifeber  gegeben? 

13.  SBofyin  (whither)  barf  Suife  fyeute  nid;t  geljen  ? 

14.  Suife  barf  beute  ni$t  in3  (in  ba§)  Sweater  gefyen ;  fie  muft 

gu  §aufe  bleiben  unb  eine  Slufgabe  abfa;retben. 

II.    SBeanttoorte  bie  folgenben  gragen  in  fcollftanbigen  Sa|en: 

1.  2)itrfen  <3ie  t)eute  Slbenb  in§  Concert  gefyen? 

2.  $onnen  <3ie  ifyr  einen  Ufyrfajltiffel  Ieir)en? 

3.  9Bann  toollen  ©ie  ifyrer  (Soufine  einen  SBefucfy  madden? 

4.  (gotten  ©te  fyeute  ober  morgen  an  tfyre  $lia)ti  fajreiben? 

5.  2Ba§  muftt  bu  abfcfyreiben? 

6.  ©oft  5Rarie  ober  Suife  in  bie  ©iabt  gefyen? 

7.  $ann  unb  n)iU  gerbinanb  biefen  Srief  f  cfyreiben  ? 

8.  9Kufe  ©opfyie  in  bem  gimmer  bleiben  ober  barf  fie  au3gefyen? 

9.  2)arf  id;  bie  6$ad)tel  offnen? 

10.  9JJag  fie  nia^t  mit  tfym  ober  mit  ifyr  baritber  fprea^en? 

11.  Wufy  i$  bie  3lufgabe  nocb  einmal  abfcfyreiben? 

12.  2Ba§  mogen  6ie  nid;t  tlnm? 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  :    MASCULINE  NOUNS.     49 

9W)te  Seftion. 

86.    THE  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES:   MASCULINE  NOUNS. 

fitekr  @ftuarit,  im  mufjt  bem  fletffiflen  Soljit  btefe§  katoen 
ttfteit  9Jlamte§  cinctt  iBefttij  imujjcn;  kr  arme  ^nalie  |at 
gcftcrit  ten  Xinfcn  ICm  gebro^en. 

Dear  Edward,  you  must  pay  a  visit  to  the  diligent  son 
of  this  good  old  man ;  the  poor  boy  broke  his  left  arm 
yesterday. 

87.  1.  In  the  preceding  lessons  adjectives  have  been  used  both  as 
adverbs  and  predicatively.  When  thus  used  they  remain  unchanged. 
See  80,  I.  9.  In  the  above  model  sentence  observe  that  the  adjectives 
ItC&,  fletfetg,  fcrat),  alt,  arm,  Itttf,  are  used  attributively  and  have  an 
inflectional  syllable.  The  rules  for  the  declension  of  adjectives,  deduced 
from  illustrative  paradigms,  are  given  under  92. 

2.  Observe  also  the  use  of  the  definite  article,  J)en  HnfCtt  9lwt,  wit> 
the  force  of  a  possessive  pronoun,1  as  it  is  translated.  Give  an  examp?^ 
of  the  definite  article  so  used  in  English. 

88.  STRONG   DECLENSION   OF  ADJECTIVES.2 

SINGULAR. 

Masculine.  Neuter.  Feminine. 

N.  f[etf$tgcr  ©ofyrt.  armc§  Hiitb.  Ite&e  %antz. 

G.  fleifjtgcn3  ©ofyrtcg.  armcn3  $inbe0.  Itebcr  %ank. 

D.  fletfjtgem  ©ofyne.  armcm  $mbc.  liebcr  £ante. 

A.  fleifcigett  6o§n.  arme§  $mb.  liebc  £ante. 


1  The  student  of  French  or  3  The  adjective  has  also  a  form 
Greek  will  recall  the  frequent  use  in  c§  in  the  genitive  masculine  and 
of  the  article  in  this  way  in  those  neuter,  flct fttgeg ;  but  this  form 
languages.  is  becoming  obsolete,  though  still 

2  Learn  only  the  singular.  retained  in  certain  phrases. 


50      DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  I    MASCULINE  NOUNS. 
89.  WEAK  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

SINGULAR. 


Masculine. 

N.  bcr  fleijsige  ©olm.    . 
G.  beg  fleifjigen  ©ofyncg. 
D.  bcm  fleifjigcn  ©ofync. 
A.  ben  fleifjigen  ©ofyn. 

90. 


Neuter. 

bag  arme  $inb. 
beg  armen  $mbcg. 
bcm  armen  $inbc. 
bag  arme  $inb. 

MIXED  FORMS. 
SINGULAR. 


Feminine. 

bte  Itebe  Xante. 
bcr  liebcn  Xante, 
bcr  liebcn  Xante. 
bic  liebe  Xante. 


Masculifie.  Neuter.  Feminine. 

N.  em  fletfttger*  ©obn.  em  armeg*  $inb.  einc  liebc  Xante. 

G.  eincg  fleiftigcn  ©ofyncg.  eincg  armen  $inbcg.  einer  liebcn  Xante. 

D.  einem  fleiftigcn  ©ofync.  eincm  armen  $mbc.  einer  liebcn  Xante. 

A.  eincn  fleijjigcn  ©ofyn.  em  armeg  *  $inb.  einc  liebe  Xante. 


*  On  the  forms  marked  with  an  asterisk,  see  92,  4. 


91. 


PLURAL    (ALL    THREE    GENDERS). 


Strong. 

N.  alte  — 

G.  alter  — 

D.  atten  — 

A.  alte  — 


Weak. 

bic  braben 
bcr  brafcen 
ben  braben 
bte  brafcen 


Mixed. 

meine  brafcen 
meincr  brafcen 
meincn  brattcn 
meine  bratten 


92.  1.  As  there  are  two  declensions  of  nouns,  so  there  are  two 
declensions  of  adjectives,  the  strong  and  the  weak.  But  while  every 
noun,  with  unimportant  exceptions,  belongs  to  the  one  or  the  other 
declension,  the  same  adjective  may  be  inflected  in  two  ways.  The 
distinction  of  method  depends  upon  the  presence  or  absence  of  the 
article  or  a  pronominal  adjective,  or  the  like,  before  the  adjective. 

2.  Observe  that  when  there  is  no  article  or  pronominal  adjective 
preceding  (88),  the  adjective  is  declined  like  fcicfer  (52)  except  that  in 
the  genitive  singular  masculine  and  neuter  the  form  in  Clt  is  preferred  to 
the  regular  eg.1 


1  This  is  to  avoid  the  unpleasant  repetition  of  the  syllable  eg. 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  !    MASCULINE  NOUNS.      51 

3.  Observe  that  when  the  definite  article  precedes  the  adjective  (89), 
the  adjective  is  declined  like  a  noun  of  the  weak  declension  (39).  The 
same  holds  true,  if,  instead  of  the. definite  article,  fctefct,  \tttCX,  \thtXf 
mandjcr,  or  ttJCldjCr  precedes  the  adjective. 

4.  Observe  that  if  the  indefinite  article  (90),  or  a  word  inflected  like  it 
(54),  precedes  the  adjective,  three  forms  of  the  latter,  marked  with  a  *  in 
the  paradigm,  are  of  the  strong  declension.1 

93.  Express  in  German  and  decline  in  the  singular :  the 
old  man  ;  an  old  man  ;  the  left  arm  ;  my  left  arm  ;  this  poor 
boy ;  a  poor  boy  ;  his  dear  Edward. 

94.  Olitfaabe. 

I.  1.  The  diligent  son  of  this  old  man  has  broken  his2 
arm.  2.  Thy  diligent  son  has  broken  his  right3  arm.  3. 
The  old  man  has  broken  his  right  arm.  4.  My  left  arm  is 
broken.  5.  The  left  arm  of  the  honest  old  man  is  broken. 
6.  Who  has  broken  his  arm  ?  7.  My  dear  Edward  has 
broken  his  left  arm.     8.  I  must  pay  a  visit  to  the  poor  boy. 

9.  Thou  must  pay  a  visit  to  his  son,    the   good  Edward. 

10.  Thou  must  pay  a  visit  to  the  diligent  son  of  old4 
Edward.  11.  Dear4  Edward  must  pay  a  visit  to  the  old 
man's  son.  12.  To  whom  must  you  pay  a  visit  ?  13.  To 
the  poor   old  man ;  he   broke  his  left  arm  yesterday. 

Add  terminations  to  the  adjectives  in  the  following  sentences  : 

II.  1.  llnfet  $ater  ift  in  bem  fait . .  better  gehxfen  tmb  t)at 
eine  glafcfye  altV-V^eineS  gefyolt.  2.  itnb  too  ift  3t;re  grau 
Gutter?    3.  Unfere  Gutter  ift  in  ber  $ud;e  nnb  fyolt  eine  Xaffe 

1  This    peculiarity    may   be    ac-  2  Read  again  model  sentence, 
counted   for   and   the   memory  be  3  l)cn  rcd)tCll. 
assisted  by  observing  that  in  these            4  If  a  proper  name  of  a  person 
important   cases  the  strong  forms  is   preceded   by  an  adjective,  the 
serve  to  indicate  the  gender  of  the  definite  article  must  be  used,  ex- 
substantive,  cept  in  the  vocative. 


52     DECLENSION    OF    ADJECTIVES!    MASCULINE    NOUNS. 


gut .  .  Saffee(3)  obcr  gut . .  3Tf>ee(^).  4.  ©tarf . ,  Sfcaffee  iftnid&t 
gefunb  fur  bid),  lieb  .  :  $arl ;  bu  mu£t  f  cfaracb  .  .  trinfen.  5. 
2Bitfft  bu  ein  ©lag  ioeifc  . .  ober  ein  ©lag  rot . .  2Bem(e§)  trinfen  ? 
6.  @uer  flein.V  §unb  fyielt  immer  mit  unferm1  grog..  7. 
2Sie  lange  fyat  er  ben  grog.,  fa^toa^..  §unb  gct)abt?  8.  9^ic^t 
lange ;  er  fyat  tt)n  euerem  frangofifct) . .  Sefyrer  gegeben.  9.  £)er 
bof.  SBube  ift  in.unferg1  9?ad)barg  ©arien  getoefen,  unb  fyat 
fid)2  einen  fctyotu  ::2fyfel  geljolt.  10.  SDiefer  englifd).  §err 
lann  nict)t  beutfa)  f!preci)en  unb  lann  feinen  gut . .  beutfa; . . 
Sefyrer  ftnben.  ]L  £af[e  ifyn  $u  §erm  $1.  gefyen;  er  foil3  etn 
fe&r  gut  .Y  beutjcf .  H>el>rer  fein.4  12.  23ag  feF>It  g&rem  gut.. 
Dnlet?  13.  @r  l)at  ben  §uften,  unb  meine  £ante  fyat  and) 
einen  ftarf:7.-  §uften  unb  ben  ©d&nupfen.  14.  gbr  TOufifle^rer 
fyat  $opftoefy 6  unb  SaJnuoefy 6 ;  er  fyat  ifyr  fyeute  leinen  Unterricbi 
gegeben. 


95. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  SBube,  boy. 

ber  §err,  gentleman. 

ber  §uften,  cough. 

ber  iteller,  cellar. 

ber  £el)rer,  teacher,  master. 

ber  ©dmupfen,  #?A/  (in  one's 

head),  catarrh. 
ber  Unterricfyt,  instruction. 

bie  ©rldltung,  «>/</. 
bie  glafcr)e,  bottle. 
bie  Miid^e,  kitchen. 

(bag)  $o£fn>efy,  head-ache. 
(bag;  ,3afynn)efy,  tooth-ache. 


blau,  £/«*. 
braun,  brown. 
gelb,  yellow.  (22) 
grau,  ^r^y. 
grim,  £7r<£«. 
rot  (rott;),  r«/. 
fcfytoarj,  £/#<:/£. 
toeifs,  white. 

gefunb,  wholesome,  healthy. 
ungefunb,  unwholesome,  un- 
healthy. 
fd)ir>ad),  weak,  feeble. 
ftarf,  strong,  hard,  bad. 

laffert,  liejj,  gelaffen,  to  /<?/. 


rt?ie  lange,  >foze>  /^^  ? 

toag  fefylt  bir,  ifym,  tfyr,  what  ails  thee,  him,  her! 

fc>ag  fefylt  Sfynen,  what  ails  you  ?  ivhat  is  the  matter  with  you  ? 


1  See  54,  2. 

2  for  himself. 


3  is  said. 
*  to  be. 


5  Observe  that  the  German  omits 
the  article  with  these  nouns. 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  '.    MASCULINE  NOUNS.      53 


96.  Stufgabc* 

I.  1.  My  dear  Charles,  have  you  paid  a  visit  to  your 
good  old  uncle  ?  2.  Yes,  I  have  paid  him  a  long  visit 
today;  he  is  not  well.  3.  What  is  the  matter  with  him? 
4.  He  has  a  bad  cough  and  must  remain  in 1  bed.  5.  Please 
give  me  a  cup  of  strong  coffee,2  and  Mr.  O.  a  glass  of  white 
wine.  6.  Strong  tea  is  not  wholesome  for  you :  you  must 
drink  weak  tea  and  weak  coffee.  7.  The  little  boy  has  been 
playing  with  his  new  ball  in  our  garden,  and  he  has  lost  it. 
8.  My  tailor  has  made  a  grey  coat  for  me,  and  for  diligent 3 
Edward  he  has  made  a  blue 4  one.  9.  Where  did  you  buy 
this  pretty  watch-key  ?  10.  I  bought  it  in  a  new  shop  in 
Market  Street.5  11.  Is  (there)  not  an  old  cherry-tree  in  their 
large  garden?  12.  Yes,  there6  is  a  large  cherry-tree  and  a 
tall  apple-tree.  13.  Did  poor  Mr.  S.  break  his  right  or  his 
left  arm  ?  14.  He  broke  his  right  arm.  15.  Fetch  the  sick 
old  man  something  to  eat  and  give  him  a  warm  coat;  look, 
his  is  quite  torn  and  very  thin.  16.  I  do  not  like  to  speak 
to 7  their  brother,  he  is  a  naughty  boy ;  he  has  broken  little 
William's  lead-pencil;  he  breaks  everything.8  17.  I  cannot 
go  with  you  to-day,  I  am  ill.  18.  What  ails  you?  19.  I 
have  a  head-ache  and  a  cold9  in  my  head.  20.  Her  old 
teacher  has  a  very  bad  cough ;    he  cannot  pay  her  a  visit 


1  Here    the   German    uses   the  8  See  p.  51,  n.  4.     Also  327, 1. 
article,  im  S3ctt.  4  The   adjective   has  the  same 

2  Observe  that  a  cup  of coffee =  form  as  if  the  substantive  were 
Cine  XaffC  Coffee.  See  80,  I.  11  expressed,  and  one  is  not  to  be 
and  12.     But  a  cup  of  strong  coffee  translated. 

^cinc  Xttffe  ftarfen  HaffeeS;  co1-         5  See  Pase  &>  note  6- 

•,oquially  also,  flarfCtt  ^ttffec.  6  The  expletive  there  is  to  be 

After  expressions  of  number,  rendered  by  t§.  Not  however  in  11. 
weight,  and  measure,  the  noun  fob  7  tttit.  8  ttttcS. 

lowing  drops  the  genitive  ending,  ex-  9  Preferably  without  the  article 

cept  when  qualified  by  an  adjective.  here :  $o{)f foel)  Utt&  @d)nuj)fcn. 


54 


CONVERSATION. 


to-day.  21.  Do  you  see  that  beautiful  bird  on  this  tall  tree? 
22.  Yes,  I  see  it.  23.  Please  do  not  break  my  watch ;  it  is 
a  present  from  our  good  grandfather. 


97. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  SBaum,  tree. 

ber  ©rofjoater,  grandfather. 

ber  $irfa)baum,  cherry-tree. 

ber  Sefyrer,  teacher. 

ber  $ogel,  bird. 

ber  2Bagen,  wagon. 

ba§  Sett,  bed.     (22). 

bag  ©efdjenf,  present. 

bofe,  bad,  naughty. 

bicf,  thick.     (22). 

burnt,  />&/«.     (22). 


lang,  long. 

lange  (adv.),  Z^  (of  time). 

oa%  ?*#<?. 

fefyen,  fafy,  gefefyen,  /<?  j<?*. 
gerbrea^en,  ^erbrad),  $erbrod)en, 

/#  Z>raz/&  (in  pieces), 
gerreifsen^errij^errtffen,  to  tear. 


98. 


CONVERSATION. 


gitge  in  ben  folgenben  ©a£en  bte  auggelaffene  2lbjectto=Gmbung 
fytngu  unb  beanttoorte  bte  gragen. 

1.  3ft  betn  neu .'.  $tod  fd^roar^  ober  grau? 

2.  5ft  bie  garbe  betneg  neu  iV^odeg  blau  ober  braun? 

3.  SSann  fyat  ber  bof£J8ube  metnen  f$on£'.t€>toc£  ^erbrocfyen? 

4.  2Ste  otel  foftet  biefer  fd)bnv-(5tod  ? 

5.  2Ser  r)at  ben  rea^t^Slrm  gebroa^en? 

6.  2Ba§  fe^lt  beinem  altat€nfet? 

7.  $ann  betn  oXtU  Dnlel  nod)  gut  ^u  gufce2  gefyen? 

8.  28er  r)at  einen  ftarf  ;V(5d)mrpfen  unb  §uften? 

9.  $Ba§  r)at  3$r  gut  £z  ©rogoater  %\)nin  an  2Betl)nadf)ten 

gegeben?  /G^  sfl    /  -i 


^H 


1  1)0(1),  when  declined,  drops  c:  &et  Ijolje  JBoum.      2  JU  %VL%t,  on  foot. 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  '.    NEUTER  NOUNS.  55 

_  _  _ 

10.  2Ba§    fyaben    6ie    S^rem    gut  fH-  ©royaler    art"  Dftern 

gegeben  ?  /    C/ 

11.  2Men  ©ie  unfern  neu;'.;grimgelb..  ^anarientoogel  fefyen? 

12.  ©oil  id)  erne  glafcfye  tt>ei^  fuober  rot^(jg$ein3  fyolen  ? 

13.  SDarf  id^>  3fynen  ein  ©la§  toeij?  prober  roU4'28ein&  an= 

bieten  ? 

14.  3ft  §err  23.  (^/r.  ^.)  ein  gut;ii£er/rer? 

15.  3ft  er  ein  fran^dfifd^: ;  ober  beutf d)  *  l-£eftrer  ? 

16.  ©iebt  er  beutfd^ikfter  fran^ofifci^^cilnterric^t? 

17.  2Bie  alt  ift  toor/l  (do  you  suppose)  ber  grojj  t$irf  tf)baum  in 

3fyrem  neuUU^arten? 

18.  ©tefyt  nid)t  ein  grof^  $irf  cfybaum  in  3&rem  ©arten? 

19.  SBann  ^at  euer  SSater  euren  fc^5ni'^2Bagen  gelauft? 

20.  2Bie  totel  loftet  euer  f$onv*  neuv;-£8agen? 

21.  ©efyort  biefer  fyubf $  jHbraun  £§unb  bir  ober  bein-Vilein  &*-^ 

Sruber? 


91eunte  Seltion. 

99.  THE  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES :   NEUTER  NOUNS. 

mt\n  \km  B tub,  laffe  mtdj  tiodj  einmal  titcfeS  pbfdje 
Sltttt  betneS  ncucn  SBifoer&udjeg  fc^en ;  td)  fttauk  toritfUdj, 
c§  ijt  fdjon  kfdjmutjt. 

My  dear  child,  just  let  me  see  this  pretty  leaf  of  your 
new  picture-book :  I  verily  believe  (really  think)  it  is  already 
soiled. 

1 00.  Observe  that  Bcf d)tUUJjt,  properly  a  perfect  participle,  is  here 
used  as  a  predicate  adjective.  The  perfect  participle  is  often  so  used 
in  Latin :  Gallia  est  divisa,  Gaul  is  divided. 

101.  Review  the  paradigms  in  the  singular  number  88, 
89,  90,  and  read  again  the  observations  under  92. 


56         DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  :    NEUTER  NOUNS. 

102.  Express  in  German  and  decline:  This  pretty  leaf;  his 
pretty  leaf ;  that  new  picture-book ;  our  new  picture-book. 

103.  Slufga&e. 

I.  1.  Just  let  me  see  this  new  picture-book,  your  new 
picture-book.  2.  Just  let  me  see  this  pretty  child.  3.  Let 
me  see  the  new  picture-book  of  your  dear  child.  4.  I  really 
think  your  new  picture-book  is  already  soiled.  5.  Is  the 
pretty  leaf  of  your  picture-book  really  soiled  ?  6.  Dear 
child,    you    have    already   soiled x   your   new   picture-book. 

7.  This  pretty  book  is  new,  and  you  have  already  soiled  it. 

8.  Is  this  leaf  pretty?  9.  No,  it  is  soiled.  10.  I  think  it  is 
a  soiled  leaf  of  your  new  picture-book.  11.  I  see  a  soiled 
leaf  in  this  pretty  picture-book.  12.  Have  you  soiled  the 
pretty  picture-book  of  this  dear  child  ?  13.  Is  this  picture- 
book  pretty  ?     14.  It  has 2  been  pretty ;  but  now  it  is  soiled. 

In  the  following  sentences  supply  the  proper  terminations 
of  the  adjectives. 

II.  1.  9&o  r/at  $r;r  gut.VSruber  fein  Henri-.'  ^Sferb  gefauft? 
2.  @r  fyat  eg  bon  etn%'  reicfyfi^ferbefyanbler  in  ©cfyottlanb 
gefauft;  eg  ift  ein  fc&otttfd&e  Plenty.  3.  SSte  totel  ©ulben* 
ober  ^pfunb4  (Sterling  fyat  er  bafiir  gegeben?  4.  gcf)  toeif*  eg 
nicf)t.  5.  3^  bin  fefyr  burfttg ;  bitte  gieb  mtr  ein  ©lag  frifc^^- 
SBajferjf.  6.  ©oil  id)  bir  trieHeid&t  ein  ©lag  gut  UMcm\ 
geben?  7.  SHein,  banle;  frifefc  te-SBaffer  ift  beffer.  8.  £teb^i 
$apa,  barf  tdj  btefet*6rmtv*$inb  ein  gro{$£^ <Btixd  SButterbrot5 
geben?  9.  ^a,  unb  gieb  ifym  aatf)  ein  <Stucfa)en  falt^gleifd&jf 
ba$u.  10.  grifa)  t  -v'^Brot  fa;medt  beffer  aU  ixo&znt**'  11. 
9Karie,  geige  mir  bocfy  etnmal  bein  neufv'Meib!  12.  W\t 
SSergniigen,  fyter  ift  eg.    13.  @g  ift  fefyr  fd;on,  aber  bu  muftt 

1  Observe  that  in  this  sentence  2  Not  (jot.  3  florins. 

and  in  two  others  Bcfdjmufjt  is  to  4  Observe  the  singular. 

be  used  as  a  participle.  6  See  page  53,  note  2. 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  I    NEUTER  NOUNS. 


57 


Dorfid^ttg  fein  unb  eg  nid;t  befcfymutjen,  hne  betn  grauCifetben  &£* 
$leib;  bu  toetfjt,  bu  fyaft  )a;on  am1  gtoeifeZtf&ag  einen  QxofyMs 
gettflecfen  barauf  gefyabt.    14.  2)er  armC-$nabe  ift  toon  ein&frU^ 
fyob.V  SBaum  gefallen  unb  fyat  bag  linfi  Sent  gebrod;en.     15. 
Saffen  <Sie  tnid^  boa)  einmal  3br  neufigJSDteffer  fefyen !    16.  3ft  eg 
fc&arf  ?    17.  23iffen  ©ie,  tuag  ber  $retg  bief  t-P\ d;on^^9Jlefferg 
ift?     18.  3^  glaube  eg  foftct  einen  Scaler.    19.    2Bag  fefylt 
S^rCt^ante?     20.    ©ie    fyat    fyefttg££-<8afynn>el?    unb   ben 
§uften.    21.  Sieb^^inb,  bu  fyaft  betn  neuC^Bilberbud)  fd^on 
befd;mu£t.     22.   SRein  Iieb£t^arl,  fyaben  ©ie  ^xtWyuttfrU^ 
alt^kOnlel  einen  SBefucfy  gemaa)t? 


104. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  gettfleden,  grease-spot 
ber  grlanber,  Irishman. 
ber^3ferbel)anbler,  horse-dealer. 
ber  ^onxj,pony. 
ber  ^3reig,  /r*V<?. 
ber  ©aptte,  ©djottlctnber, 
Scotchman. 

bie  ©eibe,  «/£. 

bag  SBein,  /^. 
(ba§)  grlanb,  Ireland. 
bag  $leib,  dm\r. 
bag  3Jlcffcr,  £#$#. 

bag  $ferb,  horse. 

(bag)  ©d>ottlanb,  Scotland. 

irlanbifd),  /m^. 
fd)ottifd),  Scotch. 


frifd),  fresh,  new. 

fyefttg,  violent,  intense. 

reid),  rzV//,  abundant. 

\&)<\x\,  sharp.  Cf.ftuntyf  (106). 

feiben,  of  silk. 

trocfen,  dry,  stale,  unbuffered. 

unborftdfytig,    careless, 

imprudent. 
fcorftd)tig,  cautious,  careful. 
^toeite,  second. 

beffer,  better. 
bann,  then. 
ba^u,  besides. 
DieHeidbt,  perhaps. 

fallen,  fiel,  gef  alien  (f.) ,  to  fall; 

idj  falle,  bu  fallft,  er  fallt. 
fcfymeden,  ta  taj-/^. 
geigen,  to  show. 


1  See  page  15,  note. 


See  page  54,  note  1. 


58  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  '.    NEUTER  NOUNS. 


105.  SUtfeafce* 

I.  1.  A  Scotch  horse-dealer  has  sold  a  beautiful  pony  to 
our  rich  neighbor.  2.  And  how  much  has  Mr.  Baum,  your 
rich  neighbor,  given  for  it  ?  3.  I  like  new  bread  and  new 
cake,  and  my  sister  likes  dry1  bread  and  dry  cake.  4.  Good 
meat  is  very  dear 2  now.  5.  Please  give  me  a  slice  of 3  this 
good  meat.  6.  My  cousin  likes  white  wine,  but  I  like  better 
a  glass  of  red.  7.  I  like  good  beer  better  than  sour  wine. 
8.  I  think  this  bottle  of  beer  is  sour,  and  sour  beer  is  very 
unwholesome ;  please  bring  me  some  other.4  9.  The  other 
book  is  pretty,  but  this  one6  is  not.  10.  Give  me  another 
book,  if  you  please.  11.  I  cannot  give  you  another,6  I  have 
none.  12.  Just  show  me  your  new  picture-book!  13.  I 
know  your  old  neighbor  likes  a  juicy  apple ;  here  is  a  very 
fine  one,6  take7  it  to  him.  14.  Do  you  like  ripe  fruit? 
15.  I  like  ripe  fruit  very  much.8  16.  Then9  I  will  send  you 
some.10  17.  Unripe  fruit  is  unwholesome.  18.  Where  does 
old  Mr.  S.  live  now?  19.  He  lives  in  the  last  house  of 
this  street.  20.  Is  it  a  handsome  house  ?  21.  Yes,  a  very 
handsome  one.  22.  My  sister  received  a  new  dress  at 
Christmas.  23.  Is  it  a  silk  dress,  or  is  it  of11  other  material? 
24.  Just  see,  there  is  a  large  grease-spot  on  your  new 
dress.  25.  You  are  really  very  careless.  26.  This  poor 
beggar  has  a  large  hole  in  his  old  coat.  27.  Well,12  give 
him  another. 


1  Either   ttOlfcneS  or  trotfltcS.  6  Omit. 

Adjectives    ending    in    d,    cit,    tV  6  Say,  can  give  you  no  other. 

usually  drop   the   c  of  these  syl-  7  bridge  t()nt  fotcfctt.     Observe 

lables  when  declined,  or  the  C  of  the  order,  and  see  17. 

the  inflectional  ending.  8  eat  very  gladly. 

9  Remember  that  an  adjective  in  9  fcaniU            10  tt)Cl(fje$. 

the  predicate  remains  unchanged.  u  <?/"  cannot  be  rendered  here  by 

*  tJOlt  with  dative.  the  genitive.     See  page  74,  note  1. 

4  some  other =  anfcere8.  12  nun. 


CONVERSATION.  59 


106.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  Settler,  beggar.  fatter,  sour,  hard,  difficult. 

ber  $u<f)en,  cake.  ftumpf,  dull,  blunt,  stupid. 

ber  ^><x\i,  juice.  fiiJ3,  sweet,  fresh. 

r,   r    7   r  teuer.  dear,  costly. 

ba§£od),  hole.  '         \.  , 

_V1 ,/' ,  .  ,  unretf ,  unripe,  crude. 

bag  Dbft,/r^/.  a      "    ' 

bag  3eug,  Material',  material,     bet  (prep,  with  dat.),  #/,  near, 

ivith. 
anber /  0%-.  ^     "  cf>  ^  ^^ 

Ie|t,  last,  final. 

reif,  rzjte,  mature.  fcerfaufen,  to  sell;  fcerfattft,^/^. 

f afttg,  juicy,  succulent.  \vdt)ntn,  to  live ;  getoofynt,  lived. 

id)  effe  gem,  I  like  to  eat,  I  am  fond  of  . 
id)  effe  lieber,  I  like  (to  eat)  better,  I  prefer. 
idj)  trirtfe  gem,  I  like  to  drink,  I  am  fond  of . 
\<fy  trtnle  lieber,  I  like  (to  drink)  better,  I  prefer. 


107.  CONVERSATION. 

giigt  in  ben  folgenben  Sa£en  bie  auggetaffenen,  mit  ^unften 
be§eid;neten  ©nbttrtgen  fyingu  unb  beanttoortet  bie  gragen : 

1.  2Ba§  fefylt  S^rem  frein^inbe? 

2.  @ffen  <8ie  frifd;6i-23rot  gem? 

3.  ©ffen  eie  lieber  frifd)  &ober  alt  ££33rot  ? 

4.  2Beld>en2  2Bein  trtnfen  (Ste  lieber,  ft>eij34#flber  xot&& 

5.  <gat  -DKarie  ntctyt  fd;on  ein  grof$?^£o$  in  ifyr^neu.^1*^ 

flleib? 

6.  <^dj)ame  bid) 3  ©opfyie,  fyaft  £u  ntd^t  ba  fd;on  irneber  einen 

grofcf^ettfleden  in  bein^fetben^&teib  ? 

7.  3ft  fauer&LSBier  ungefunb  ? 

1  Has  the  inflection  of  an  adjective. 

2  Which.  3  y^r  shame  !  literally,  shame  thyself. 


60        DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  I    FEMININE  NOUNS. 

8.  %ahm  ©ie  fdjon  reif  S&Dbft  in  3^rf5©arten ? 

9.  3ft  trid&t  ba§  fc^onC^Ietb  bief££  f  letnen  9ftaba;en3  fd>n 

gerriff  en  ? 

10.  Sitte,  toitfft  bu  mir  ein  ©Ia§  frifd)6t£Baffeyi  tyolen  ? 

11.  ©d;mecft  alt  &2Baffer  fo  gut  tote  frtfd;  ^? 

12.  §aben  ©ie  cm  f$arf£c3Jlef[er  bet  fid;  (with  you)? 

13.  3ft  3^>r  neuf&JJleffer  fd&arf  ober  ftumtf  ? 

14.  ©dmeibet  ein  fcfyarf  SCSKeffer  fo  gut  tote  ein  ftumpfi'UJ 

15.  Qat  3$nen  ber  £ape§ierer  ein   braun^C  ober  ein  griin&L 

©of a  gemacfyt  ? 

16.  §aft  bu,  mein  Iieb92$arl,  bent  arm^OJldbc^en  ein  groj$£^ 

ober  ein  llein  i^JBtixd  23rot  gegeben  ? 

17.  §at    ber  armf- -Bfcamt   bag  red^t  ^  ober  ba§  linf^SBein 

gebrocfyen  ? 

18.  $annft  bu  mir  fagen,  toer  mein  fyubfefy . ;  Silberbud?  jer= 

riffen  bat  ? 

19.  2Bie  biel  loftet  ein  llein;;  fa^ottifd):":  $onty? 

20.  §aben  ©ie  biefe§  fd)on.  toeifr.  $ferb  oon  ein . V;$ferbe= 

f)drtbler  gelauft? 


$t$nk  Sefitott. 

108.  THE  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES :  FEMININE  NOUNS. 

$ie  IteBengmurtitge  %*$Ut  unfercr  pten  SBirtin  ift 
Joeben  in  bie  $iid)e  gepngen,  «m  tier1  flctnen  @(tyl)ie  cine 
grofee  Xaffe  toarmcr  SKSU}'  3tt  Ijolen. 

The  amiable  daughter  of  our  good  hostess  has  just 
now  gone  into  the  kitchen  in  order  to  fetch  for  little 
Sophia  a  large  cup  of  warm  milk. 

1  Could  fcer  be  omitted  ?  See  have  all  cases  of  the  singular  alike. 
page  51,  note  4.  See  40,  2.     What   is   the  case  of 

2  Remember  that  feminine  nouns       9Rild)? 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  I    FEMININE  NOUNS.        61 

109.  Observe  that  gcfjctt  is  conjugated  with  fcilt;  hence  has 
gone  =  \$  QCflanflCU.  Intransitive  verbs  denoting  a  change  of  state  or 
condition,  or  motion  from  or  to  a  place  are  conjugated  with  the  auxiliary 
fcilt.     Observe  one  mode  of  expressing  a  purpose :  Ultl  —  JU  IjolCtt. 

110.  Review  the  paradigms  in  the  singular  number 
under  88,  89,  and  90.  Express  in  German  and  decline: 
The  amiable  hostess ;   the  large  cup ;   the  good  milk. 

111.  Examine  the  following  sentences: 

1.  2Bo  ift  bie  £o$ter?    ©ie  ift  in  ber  ^ticfye. 

2.  2Bohm  (whither)  ift  bie  £od)ter  gecjcmgen  ?    ©ie  ift  in  bie 

£tirf)e  gegcmgen. 

Observe  that  in  governs  the  dative  and  the  accusative :  the  dative, 
when  it  means  in,  at,  etc.,  and  hence  in  answer  to  the  question  where ; 
the  accusative,  when  it  means  into,  to,  etc.,  and  hence  in  answer  to  the 
question  whither.     The  same  remarks  apply  to  aitf. 

112.  Stufga&e. 

I.  1.  Our  good  hostess  has  gone  in  order  to  fetch  her 
amiable  daughter.  2.  Her  amiable  daughter  has  just  now 
gone  into  the  kitchen  in  order  to  fetch  warm  milk.  3.  She 
has  gone  to  fetch  me x  the  warm  milk.  4.  She  has  gone 
into  the  warm  kitchen.  5.  In  the  warm  kitchen  is  good 
milk.  6.  Our  good  hostess  has  gone  into  the  kitchen  to 
fetch  the  cup  of  her  amiable  daughter.  7.  She  has  gone  to 
fetch  her  amiable  daughter.  8.  She  has  gone  to  fetch 
her  amiable  daughter  a  cup  of  good  milk.  9.  The  amiable 
daughter  of  my  good  hostess  fetches  a  cup  of  milk  for  me. 

10.  Little2   Sophia   has   gone   to   fetch   our   good   hostess. 

11.  My  little  daughter  has  just  now  gone  into  the  kitchen  in 
order  to  fetch  our  good  hostess  a  cup  of  milk.     12.  Who 


1  Is  this  to  be  rendered  by  the  2  Does  the  German  correspond 

accusative  ?  exactly  to  the  English  ? 


62  DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  :    FEMININE  NOUNS. 

has  gone  into  the  kitchen?  13.  The  amiable  Sophia  has 
gone  into  the  kitchen.  14.  Where  did  the  amiable  Sophia 
go?  15.  Into  the  kitchen.  16.  For  what1  did  she  go  into 
the  kitchen  ?  17.  In  order  to  fetch  her  mother  a  large  cup 
of  milk.  18.  Her  good  daughter  is  in  the  warm  kitchen. 
19.  In  the  kitchen  is  warm  milk.  20.  Fetch  little  Sophia  a 
large  cup  of  warm  milk.     21.  Fetch  little  Sophia's  cup. 

II.  1.  28a§  fur  erne  garbe  fyat  beine  junge  %anhz  ?  2.  ©te 
fyat  erne  toeifse  garbe,  aber  ber  $opf  ift  \a)xvax%,  unb  fie  fyat  ana) 
eirten  fd^mar^en  ©djwang.  3.  3d)  fyabe  neulia;  aua)  einen  fcfyonen 
^anarienoogel  belommen.  4.  ©o!  ma3  fitr  einen2?  5.  Hom= 
men  ©te,  to;  mill  tlm  %x)mn  ^etgen.  6.  2Ba3  fitr  erne  fcfyone 
3f?ofe  S^re  Itebe  ^Ricr)te  fyat3!  2So  fyat  fie  fie  befymmen?  7.  ©te 
x)at  biefe  roeifee  iRofe  bet  einem  Partner  gefauft.  8.  grauletn 
Sutfe  ift  eine  fleiftige  ©dfyuterm.  9.  ®er  gortfdjrttt  einer  fletfttgen 
©a;ulertn  ift  uiel  grower  al§  ber4  einer  nta;t  fleijjigen  ober  faulen. 
10.  ©etne  ©a;mefter  So^ie  r)at  an  2Seu)naa;ten  fcon  einer  alten 
greunbin  etne  fa)  one  Ut)x  jum  ©efcfyenf  befommen.  11.  SBtrfs 
lid)?  ma§  fitr  etne  Ufyr?  12.  §at  fie  and)  etne  Ufyrfette  ba^u  be* 
lommen?  13.  ga,  etne  fd)bne  golbene.  14.  Wtit  ma§  fiir  etner 
geber  fyaben  ©te  btefen  langen  33rtef  gefd)rieben?  15.  Wit 
etner  ©tafylfeber.  16.  3d)  fdjretbe  nia;t  gern  mit  etner  gu  fyarten 
ober  $u  metd^en  ©tafylfeber.  17.  grau  9Ji.  r)at  beute  tfyre  9ftagb 
attf  ben  3Kar!t  gefd;idt,  urn  em  $funb  frtfd;er  Sutter  $u  faufen, 
aber  e§  ift  feme  frtfdje  ba  gemefen,  nur  gefa^ene.  18.  3d;  effe 
frifdje  Sutter  unb  frtfd;e§  Srot  mtt  frifcfyem  $afe  fef>r  gern. 
19.  2Bte  ftnben  ©ie  btefen  £afe  ?  20.  ©efyr  gut ;  roaS  fitr  ftafe 
ift  eS  ?  21.  @3  ift  bouunbifajer  £ctfe.  22.  ©ann  gefye  unb  fjole 
mtr  etn  fyalbeS  $funb.    23.  ©uten  9florgen  (3d)  mimfa;e  3fynen 

1  For  what=tQ$\\nX.  1,6,  14,  in  this  exercise,  and  see 

8  The     interrogative     pronoun  also  115. 
foaS  fitr    titl  has  the  Cttt  only  de-  3  Observe  the  order  in  this  sen- 

clined  and  is  used  in  all  cases  tence  and  compare  it  with  that  in  1. 
like    other    pronouns.      Compare  4  See  77,  I.  11. 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  :    FEMININE  NOUNS.        63 

\_ 

einen   guten  9ftorgen),  grau  %l. ;   toie  fyahtn  ©ie  uergangene 
yiafyt  gefa;lafen?     24.    (&utz  %lad)t,  §err  -ft.;    fd^Iafen  <Sie 

113.     Observe  the  following  : 

ber  $otf),  cook ;  bie  $od)itt,  the  female  cook, 
ber  ©artner,  gardener ;  bie  ©drtnerin. 
ber  yiafybax,  neighbor ;  bie  -ftacfybarm. 
ber  ©filler,  pupil ;  bie  ©cfyulerirt. 

State  the  law  for  the  formation  of  feminine  from  masculine 
appellatives. 


114. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  $U\§,  industry. 

ber  gortf $ritt,  progress. 

ber  ^anarienfcogel,  canary. 

ber  £afe,  cheese. 

ber  $opf,  head. 

ber  -Iftorgen,  morning. 

ber  (Sajtoang,  ta*7. 

bag  ©eftt)enf,/rawz//  gum 
(5>efcr)enf,  «j  a  present. 

(ba§)  §oKanb,  Holland. 

bag  ^Pfunb,  pound;  ein  £;albe< 
^jSfunb,  half  a  pound. 

ba§  ©alg,  j«#. 

bie  Sutter,  butter. 
bie  gaulfyeit,  idleness. 
bie  ^agb,  maid-servant. 
bie  3^act)t,  night ;  fcergangene 

bie  9fofe,  r^w. 
bie  !£aube,  pigeon. 


bie  Ufyrfette,  watch-chain. 
grdulein  Suife,  Miss  Louise. 

bunfelblau,  dark-blue. 

faul,  lazy,  idle. 

jleij}ig,  active,  industrious. 

gefalgen,  salted. 

go  lb  en,  of  gold. 

grower,  larger. 

fyellgelb,  light-yellow. 

fyollanbifa;,  Dutch. 

!prad)tig,  splendid,  magnificent. 

filbern,  of  silver. 

neulidj),  recently,  the  other  day. 
nur,  only. 

befommen,  belatn,  befommen, 

to  get,  receive. 
fa;Iafen,  frf)Iief,  gefa;tafen,  to 

sleep;  ta)  fcfylafe,  bu  fcfyldfft, 

er  fcfyldft. 


64        DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  :    FEMININE  NOUNS. 


115.    Examine  the  following  : 

1.  2®a3  fur  §0^,  what  sort  of  wood  ? 

2.  2Sa§  fur  SBalbcr,  what  sort  of  forests  ? 

3.  ;£sa3  fur  em  SSogcl,  what  sort  of  a  bird  ? 

4.  2Ba§  fur  eine  3Taube,  what  sort  of  a  dove  ? 

5.  2£>a§  fiir  eiuer  (eine,  eineS),  what  sort  of  a  one  ? 

Observe  (1)  that  tt)a§  fiir  is  an  indeclinable  adjective,  used  with  nouns 
singular  or  plural;  (2)  that  rua§  fiir  cut  is  an  adjective  pronoun,  having 
Ctlt  only  declined ;  (3)  that  ruciS  fiir  enter  is  a  substantive  pronoun.   See  68. 

116.  ^Cisfgftfie* 

1.  Were  you  at1  the  theatre  last  night?  2.  Yes,  I  was 
there  with  my  amiable  cousin  Elizabeth.  3.  With  whom  did 
your  dear  aunt  go  to 2  the  theatre  ?  4.  With  my  uncle 
and  his  old  friend  Mr.  H.  5.  Yesterday  morning  I  found 
a  thimble  in 3  the  street.  6.  What  kind  of  a  one  ?  7.  A 
silver  thimble.  8.  Last  week  I  bought  one,  but  it  is  not  so 
pretty  as  this  one.  9.  Little  Charles  is  a  cowardly  boy ;  he 
is  afraid  of  this  silly  goose,  and  I  think  even 4  of  a  quacking 
duck.  10.  Well,  you  must  not  talk,  you  are  afraid  of  every 
little  dog.  11.  The  poor  child  is  afraid  of  that  old  beggar 
with  his  torn  coat  and  large  stick.  12.  What  a  difficult 
lesson  my  teacher  has  given  me5!     I  fear  I  cannot  do  it. 

13.  Do  you  find  this  lesson  difficult6?     I  think  it  is  easy. 

14.  Miss  Elizabeth  is  a  diligent  pupil ;  she  has  a  German 
governess.  15.  Can  she  already  speak  German?  16.  She 
speaks  pretty  well.7  17.  I  am  to  go  to8  town  and  buy  a 
French  newspaper.  18.  For  whom  are  you  to  buy  it? 
19.  For  my  old  aunt.  20.  Does  she  understand  French  ? 
21.  Yes,  she  has  been  in  France  a  whole  year.     22.  Mrs.  S. 

1  in  with  dative.  6  A  predicate  adjective ;  hence 

2  to = into.  f d) to cr,  n ot  f dj m ere. 

3  UUf  with  dative.  4  fclbfl.  7  pretty  well  =  \\tm\\k  0Ut. 

5  The  order  is:  mir  gege&ett  f)Ut  8  A?  =  into;  hence  in  lite  ZtaH 


DECLENSION  OF  ADJECTIVES  I    FEMININE  NOUNS.        65 

has  sent  her  servant  into  that  large  grocery-shop  to  fetch  a 
pound  of  black  tea  and  half  a  pound  of  green.  23.  Green 
tea  is  not  wholesome.  24.  Just  look,  the  glass  of  my  gold 
watch  is  broken  ;  I  must  go  to  town  to  get  a  new  glass.  25. 
Good  morning,  Mr.  B.,  how  did  you  sleep  last  night  ?  26.  Not 
very  well,  I  have  had  a  bad  toothache.  27.  Mrs.  B.,  my  kind 
neighbor,  has  sent  me  a  magnificent  white  rose  as  a  present. 

117.  VOCABULARY, 

bet  gefyler,  mistake.  einfdlttg,  harmless,  silly. 

ber  gtngerfyut,  thimble.  \z\qz,  faint-hearted,  cowardly. 

bte  @nte  duck  9ii%  freunbIi*'  kind' 

..    ^     '  Ui&t,  light,  easy;  ntcfrt  fcfcwer. 

bte  ©an§,  goose.  '  \  /. 

. .    n,  quctienb,  quacking. 

bte  ©oubernante,  governess.  '  7      ,  j>Z    7. 

bte  fleite,  chain.  ^x>  **rd>  dtfficulf' 

bte  2Botf>e,  week.  geftrig,  yesterday's,  of  yester- 

bte  fitting,  newspaper.  "ay- 

fyeuttg,  to-day's,  of  to-day. 
ba3  SSetlc^en,  violet.  morgenb,   to-morroiv's,  of  to- 

erne  2lufgabe  macfyen,  to  do  a  morrow.     , 

lesson.  fiirc^tett,  to  fear. 

ftdt)  fiirdr)ten  fcor,  to  be  afraid  of. 
tcfy  fitrcfyte  mid;  t>or  bem  §unb,    I  am  afraid  of  the  dog. 
(  bu  fitrcfyteft  btc^  *>or  bem  §urtb,  f  thou  art  afraid  of  the  dog. 
\  ©te  fitrtf)ten  ftcfy  fc>or  bem  §unb,  Xyou  are  afraid  of  the  dog. 
er,  fie,  e§  fttrcfytet  ftcfy  2C.  he,  she,  it  is,  etc. 


118.  CONVERSATION. 

gatget  in  ben  folgenben  ©at$en  bte  au§gelaffenen  ©nbungen 
bin^u  nnb  beantmortet  mimbUrf)  {orally)  bte  gragen: 

1.  2Ba§  fiir  etne  garbe  fyat  bte  Sfafe,  ba§  SSetlcfyen? 

2.  3Son  toem   fyaben  ©te   btefe  golben  Mlfyr  jum  ©efcfyenf 

befommen  ? 


66    PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS. 


3.  2Ber  I)at  3&nen  bie  golbenf^ette  gum  ©efc^enf  gemac&t? 

4.  $at  unfere  Sflagb  ^eute  fd)oru  frifd)  .Clutter  auf  bem 

Sttarftgefauft? 

5.  3Sie  met  frtfc§  flutter  §at  unfere  9Jtogb  fyeute  auf  bem 

9Narft  gefatift? 

6.  2Bo  befommt  man  rein*,  i  $affee  unb  feitK  Gfyofolabe? 

7.  2Sarum  fyat  biefe  fleiftige  <5a;ulerm  ifyr .  lurg ."  Sfufgabe 

fyeuie  nia;t  gemaa;t? 

8.  3ft  bie  fyeutig .  2Tuf  gabe  leictyt  ober  farmer? 

9.  gitrcfytet  fid)  bem£f(etn  fec^toefter  ttor  btef££emf aittg  OX. 

©an3? 

10.  3Sor  mem  fiircfytet  ft$  bie  f  tein  r@lif  e  ? 

11.  $at  Sfyre  Iran! t  (Eoufine  etne  gut.  9^aa;t  ge^abt?  ' 


glfte  fieftum. 

119.   PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONC  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS: 

NUMERALS, 

# 

In  working  out  this  and  the  succeeding  lessons,  the  learner  should  supplement  the 
rules  for  the  formation  of  the  plural  of  nouns,  which  can  only  serve  as  a  general  guide, 
by  a  constant  use  of  the  lists  of  exceptions  and  peculiarities  on  pages  247-252.  To 
read  over  those  \\%\s>  frequently  aloud  will  be  found  very  helpful. 

$te  uttttttigcn  ftttttr*  Ijn&ett  auf  3Uict  Ijoljen  Bitumen  tit 
unferm  ©artett  retfe  9fyfel  kmcrlt  unto  fie  fwto  Ijinauf* 
geflcttert,  ttm  ftc  abjukedjen. 

The  naughty  boys  have  perceived  ripe  apples  on  two 
high  trees  in  our  garden  and  have  climbed  up  in  order 
to  break  them  off. 

1200  On  fjofjClt,  see  page  54,  note  1;  on  unferm,  54,  2;  on  the 
auxiliary  finfe,  109.  Observe  in  a&JU&rcdjCJt,  $U,  to,  between  the  prefix 
df)  and  the  root,  and  compare  64.  It  has  already  been  observed  that 
nouns  of  the  strong  declension  may  be  grouped  into  three  classes, 
according  to  the  modes  of  forming  the  nominative  plural. 


PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS.    67 

Examine  now  the  following  paradigms  of  the 
121.  STRONG  DECLENSION. 


First  Class. 


Second  Class. 


SINGULAR. 


N.  ber  Slbter.1 

G.  beg^blerg. 

D.  bem  2tbler. 

A.  ben  2Ibter. 

N.  bie  Slbler. 

G.  ber  2tt>Ier. 

D.  ben  Slblertt. 

A.  bte2lbler. 


N.  bag  $au§. 

G.  beg  §aufc§. 

D.  bem  §aufe. 

A.  bag  §aug. 

N.  bie  §aufct\ 

G.  ber  §aufer. 

D.  ben  §&ufmt. 

A.  bie  £>aufer. 


ber  Sfyfel.2 
beg  2fyfel§. 
bem  &pfel. 
ben  Sfyfel. 


ber  ©otyn. 
beg  6otyne§. 
bem  ©otync. 
ben  <5otyn. 


PLURAL. 


bie  Sfyfel. 
ber  Sfyfet. 
ben  Sfyfelit. 
bie  2fyfel. 


bie  ©otyne. 
ber  ©otyne. 
ben  ©otynen. 
bie  ©otyne. 


bag  Satyr.* 
beg  SatyrcS. 
bem  Satyre. 
bag  Satyr. 

bie  gatyrc. 
ber  Satyrc. 
ben  Satyrcn. 
bie  $atyre. 


Third  Class. 

SINGULAR. 

bag  SSeiB.4       ber  9CRann.  ber  Srrtum.5 

beg  2Bei6c§.     beg  9ftannc§.  beg  grrtumS. 

bem  2Beibe.      bem  ^ftanne.  bem  grrtum. 

bag  2Bei&.        ben  9Kann.  ben  3rrtum. 

PLURAL. 

bie  SSeiBer.      bie  banner,  bie  grrtumer. 

ber  SSeibcr.     ber  banner,  ber  S^rtiimer. 

ben  SSeiBem.   ben  9Mnnern.  ben  grrtumcrn. 

bie  SSeibcr.      bie  banner,  bie  S^tumer. 


122.  Observe  that  the  first  class  forms  the  plural  with- 
out any  case-ending.  The  vowel  of  the  root  is  commonly 
unchanged ;  but  certain  words  change  the  vowels  a,  0,  U, 
Ml,  to  the  corresponding  umlaut  it,  ti,  it,  Stt.     Of  these  latter 


1  eagle. 


apple. 


year.  4  woman,  wife. 


error. 


68     PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS. 

a  little  more  than  twenty  are  masculines ;  two  are  feminines : 
9Wlltter,  mother  —  plural  SRiittcr  ;  2od)tet,  daughter  —  plural 
3$c(jter ;  and  one  neuter,  fcaS  $lofler,  convent — plural  $liijkr. 

For  a  list  of  the  masculines,  see  367. 

123.  Here  belong  —  1.  Masculines  and  neuters  in  el,  em,  eit,  Ct 

(not  lei,  eel,  ter,  eer),  djen,  lein; 

2.  One  Masculine  in  e  I  btr  ftti\t,  cheese; 

3.  The  two  feminines  Sautter  and  £od)tcr;  (130,  n.  a.) 

4.  Neuters  with  the  prefix  ge  and  ending  in  e. 

For  exceptions,  see  368. 

124.  Observe  that  the  second  class  forms  the  plural  by 
adding  e.  The  vowel  of  the  root  is  modified  in  a  majority 
of  nouns  of  this  class,  except  the  monosyllabic  neuters. 

125.  Here  belong  —  1.  Most  masculines,  except  those  ending  in 

C,1  el/  em,  Clt,  er,  and  some  masculines  of  foreign  origin ; 

2.  About  thirty  monosyllabic  feminines,  the  compounds  of  fuitft, 

and  those  with  the  suffixes  ni$  (ttt§)  and  fot  (130  n.  a.); 

3.  Thirty-five  monosyllabic  neuters; 

4.  Neuters  beginning  with  ge,  but  not  ending  in  e,  el,  Clt,  tV ; 

5.  Polysyllabic  neuters  of  various  endings. 

For  lists  and  exceptions,  see  pages  248-250. 

126.  Observe  that  the  third  class  forms  the  plural  by 
adding  tV  and  modifying  the  vowel  of  the  root.  But  nouns 
in  turn  (tljuitt)  modify  the  vowel  of  that  suffix,  not  the  vowel 
of  the  root. 

127.  Here  belong  —  1.  A  few  masculines.     See  374. 

2.  Fifty  monosyllabic  neuters.     See  375. 

3.  Neuters  in  tum  (tfjUttt),  with  Her  3rrt(lj)unt,   error,   and  bet 

9teid)t(l))um,  riches.     See  also  373. 

x  Those  in  e  come  under  130,  2 ;  those  in  el,  em,  en,  Ct,  under  123,  1. 


PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS.     69 


128. 

THE  WEAK  DECLENSION. 

SINGULAR. 

N. 

bie  SBIume. 

grew. 

ber  &nabt. 

§err. 

©tubenf. 

G. 

ber  SBlume. 

grew. 

be3  $naben. 

§errn. 

©tubent'en. 

D. 

ber  SBlume. 

grau. 

bem  $naben. 

§erw. 

©tubent'en. 

A. 

bie  SBlume. 

grew. 

ben  $naben. 

PLURAL. 

§errn. 

©tubent'en. 

N.  bie  SBlumen. 

G.  ber  33Iumen. 

D.  ben  23 lumen. 

A.  bie  23lumen. 


grauen.  bie  $naben. 

Jraucn.  ber  £naben. 

graucn.  ben  $naben. 

grauen.  bie  Jtnaben. 


§erren.  ©tubent'en. 

§erren.  ©tubent'en. 

§erren.  ©tubent'en. 

§erren.  ©tubent'en. 


129.  Observe  that  the  weak  declension  forms  the  plural 
by  adding  tt  to  the  nominative  singular  when  it  ends  in  c, 
otherwise  en.    But  nouns  in  el,  er,  ttr  unaccented,  add  n  only. 

130.  Here  belong,  as  before  stated — 1.  Most  feminine  nouns; 

2.  Masculines  ending  in  t ; 

3.  A  few  monosyllabic  masculines  not  ending  in  t ; 

4.  Many  foreign  nouns  accented  on  the  last  syllable. 

For  lists  and  exceptions,  see  376,  377. 

Note. — a.  All  feminines  remain  uninfected  in  the  singular,  whether 
they  are  of  the  weak  or  the  strong  declension. 

b.  No  noun  of  the  weak  declension  modifies  its  vowel  in  the  plural. 

c.  The  dative  plural  of  all  nouns  ends  in  it- 


131. 


Table  of  Endings  in  the  Plural.1 


STRONG    DECLENSION. 

WEAK 
DECLENSION. 

N. 



—   - 

—   e 

—  e 

—    er 

—  n 

—  en 

G. 



—   - 

—   e 

—  e 

—   er 

—  n 

—  en 

D. 

—  n 

—   n 

—   en 

—  en 

—   em 

—   n 

—  en 

A. 



—   - 

—   e 

—   e 

—    er 

—   n 

—  en 

1  The  umlaut  is  denoted  by  two  dots.     See  table,  75. 


70    PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS. 

RULES  OFCENDER. 

132.     Masculine  are  —  1.  The  names  of  the  seasons,  months,  days 
of  the  week,  points  of  the  compass,  stones,  and  mountains; 
2.  Nouns  ending  in  m,  Ctt  (not  tfjetl),  tg,  itf),  tltfl,  ling. 

X33.     Feminine  are  —  1.  Names  of  plants,   fruits,  flowers,  and  of 
most  rivers  in  France  and  Germany ; 

2.  Most  derivatives  in  t  and  t; 

3.  Nouns  ending  in  ct,  it,  Ijctt,  fctt,  in,  fdjttft,  UttQ. 

134.  Neuter  are  —  1.  Names  of  countries,  places,  metals,  letters 

of  the  alphabet,  and  infinitives  used  substantively. 

2.  Diminutives  in  cfjcn  and  Icin; 

3.  Nouns  ending  in  fol,  fcl,  tum  (tljum).    But  see  127,  3. 
i.  Abstracts  and  collectives  with  the  prefix  gc ; 

5.  %a§  SBciO,  woman;  fcaS  IHnt),  child. 

135.  Compound  substantives  take  the  gender  and  de- 
clension of  the  last  component  part. 

136.  Form  the  plural  of  the  following  nouns:  ber 
SBruber1;  ber  9iing ;  ber  ©toe!;  ber  §afc;'  ber  SSater1;  ber 
greunb;  ber  ©olbat';  ber  giirft  (130,  3);  ber  ©c&iiler;  ber 
©pietyla$  (135);  ber  2lffc;  ber  Siergartert x ;  ber  DtyZ  (130,  3); 
ber  ^ud;en ;  ber  Settler. 

137.  Observe  the  following  plurals : 

ber  Sftenfd),  man ;  bte  -Jftenfcfyen. 

ber  yiatybax,  neighbor ;  bte  9tadj)barn. 

ber  $antoffel,  slipper ;  bte  ^Bcmtoffeln. 

ber  <5cr)merg,  pain;  bie  Sdimer^en. 

ber  <Strauft,  ostrich ;  bte  Srraujse,  or  (Straufjen. 

ber  ©traujs,  bouquet ;  bte  <3traufje,  or  ©traufjer. 

ber  better,  cousin ;  bte  SSettern. 

ber  2BaIb,  forest;  bie  Salber2  (127,  1). 


1  Modifies  the  vowel  to  form  the  2  Compare  in  English,  man, men; 

plural.  foot,  feet.     Give  other  examples. 


NUMERALS. 

YJ 

138. 

NUMERALS.' 

Cardinals. 

Ordinals. 

1. 

ein§ ;  eirt,  erne,  ein, 

0/Z£. 

bet 

erfte,  ber  lfte, 

ber  1., 

/^  Ij-A 

2. 

^toei,  two. 

»f 

gtoeite,  ber2te,ber2., 

"    2//. 

3. 

brei,  three. 

tt 

brttte,  ber  3te, 

ber  3V 

"    Zd. 

4. 

Mm,  four. 

» 

inerte,  ber  4te, 

ber  4,, 

u  m 

5. 

\m\,fve. 

tt 

fiinfte,  ber5te,  ber  5., 

u    5th 

6. 

fe<f)§,  six. 

tt 

fecpte, 

"    6th 

7. 

fiebert,  seven. 

it 

ftebente, 

u    7th 

8; 

a<f)t,  eight. 

tt 

acbte, 

"    Sth 

9. 

rteurt,  nine. 

n 

neunte,   . 

"    9M 

10. 

gelm,  ten. 

a 

S^nte, 

"  10/5* 

11. 

elf,  eleven. 

a 

elfte, 

"  11M 

12. 

gtoolf,  twelve. 

n 

groolfte. 

"  12M 

13. 

bretge^n,  thirteen. 

tt 

brei^efynte, 

M  13M 

14. 

rner^efyn,  fourteen. 

a 

fcier^efynte, 

"  14/fl 

15. 

ftnfotyn,  fifteen. 

tt 

fiinfeebnte, 

M  15th 

16. 

fed^efyn,  sixteen. 

a 

fed^efynte, 

"  16th 

17. 

fieb(ert)3efyrt,  seventeen. 

it 

fieb§et)nte. 

"  Ytth 

18. 

adj^efyn,  eighteen. 

tt 

acfytgefynte, 

"  l%th. 

19. 

neun^efyn,  nineteen. 

a 

neun^efynte, 

"  19/& 

20. 

gtDangig,  twenty. 

n 

atoansigfte, 

"  20M. 

21. 

em  unb  ^toangig,  twenty- 

tt 

ein  unb  gnianjigfte, 

"  21.tf. 

0/z<?. 


139. 


Slttfgafce. 


1.  The  ripe  apples  are  on  the  high  trees.  2.  On  two 
high  trees  in  our  garden  are  twenty  ripe 2  apples.  3.  Naughty- 
boys  have  broken  off3  the  twenty  ripe  apples.  4.  Eighteen 
ripe  apples  are  on  our  high  trees.  5.  The  naughty  boys 
have  climbed  upon  the  high  trees.  6.  Naughty  boys  have 
climbed  upon  high  trees  to  break  off  the  ripe  apples.     7.  In 


1  For    a    continuation    of    the 
numerals,  see  lesson  21. 


8   See  p.  82,  n.  7. 

3  abgelirocfjett.    See  64. 


72    PLURAL    OF    THE    STRONG   AND    WEAK    DECLENSIONS. 

our  garden  are  high  trees,  and  on  the  high  trees  are  ripe 
apples.  8.  The  three  naughty  boys  have  seen  the  ripe 
apples  in  our  gardens.  9.  We  have  seen  four  naughty  boys 
on  two  high  trees.  10.  What  did  you  see  on  the  high  trees? 
11.  We  have  seen  naughty  boys  on  high  trees,  and  the 
naughty  boys  have  seen  ripe  apples.  12.  Are  the  apples  on 
our  apple-trees  *  ripe  2  ?  13.  No,  they  are  not  yet  ripe.  14. 
Who  have  climbed  upon  these  apple-trees  ?  15.  The  naughty 
boys  have  climbed  up.  16.  Why  did  the  naughty  boys  climb 
up  ?     17.  In  order  to  fetch  the  ripe  apples  from  the  trees. 

18.  What  do  you  see  on  the  branches3  of  these  high  trees  ? 

19.  We  see  six  apples.     20.  Then  climb  up  and  fetch  them. 

140.  As  you  read  the  following  exercise,  observe  carefully  the 
gender  and  the  formation  of  the  plural  of  the  nouns,  apply  the  rules, 
and  note  exceptions.  It  is  only  by  perpetual  observation  and  practice, 
supplemented  by  the  rules  already  given,  that  any  mastery  can  be 
gained  of  this  perplexing  subject.  The  repeated  pronunciation  in 
private  study  of  the  singular  of  nouns  with  the  article,  and  of  the  plural, 
will  greatly  aid  the  memory.     Use  the  ear  as  well  as  the  eye. 

141.  Slufgafce. 

1.  ©tub  bie  unarttgen  £naben  auf 4  bie  btcfen  33&ume  gef letter!  ? 
2.  3a/  f*e  ftob  binaufgeflettert  unb  fyaben  bie  unrei'fen  Sfcfel 
abgebrccfyen  unb  fyeumtergetoorfen ;  ifyr  $ater  Ijat  fie  bafiir 
hinemgeftfndt  unb  fyat  ifyrten  erne  fd;ft>ere  Sfufgabe  gu  lernen 
gegeben.  3.  ©efyen  ©tc  etmrtal5!  auf  ben  biinnften6  Sften  an  ber 
<5ptyt  btefer  groften  SBftume  fitjen  titer  fd)toar§e  SSogel.    4.  3Bte 


1  9fylfdbauin.  How  is  the  plural  situation  is  denoted,   without  any 
formed?  added  idea.     With  the  added  idea 

2  Remember  that  the  predicate  of  motion  or  tendency  to  or  towards % 
adjective  is  not  changed.  they  govern  the  accusative.     Pre- 

3  ail  &eit  Wfittt.  cisely  the  same  holds  true  in  Latin 

4  ON,  auf,   in,  and  certain  other  of  the  prepositions  in  and  sub. 
prepositions    to    be    noted   later,  5  Cf.  food)  ciltmol  (99). 
govern  the  dative  when  place  or             6  the  slenderest. 


PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS.    73 

fyetften  fie  auf  beutfd)1?  5.  2Iuf  beutfa)  fyeij$en  fie  S^aben  unb  auf 
englifa)  ravens,  6.  Soil  id)  eirten  ©tein  naa)  tf)nen  lnnauf= 
toerfen  ?  7.  3?ein,  getoift  nic^t ;  man  barf  leine  ©teine  nad)  ben 
armen  SSogeln  toerfen ;  benn  fie  fufylen  ben  6d)mer$  fo  fefyr  tote 
toir.  8.  gri£  unb  Ravi,  lommt  einmal  I)erau§,  ba  ift  ettoa3 
©d)one3  $u  fe^en!  9.  Out,  toir  lommen2  fogleia)  fyinau§. 
10.  9hm,  toa§  giebt  e3  benn?  11.  §ier  finb  fimf  brotlige  Slffen ; 
fie  §abm  rote  SRocfe  an  unb  grofte  fd;toar$e  §iite  auf  bem  $opf. 

12.  ©efyet,  ba  lommt  einer  \mh  prafentiert  einen  filbernen  better. 

13.  9?un,  toa§  toill  er  benn  mit  bem  better?  14.  @i,  bu  follft 
ilun  einige  ©elbftucfe  barauf  legen ;  je  mefyr,  befto  beffer. 
15.  ivennen  <5ie  biefe  $toei  grofjen  §erren  mit  ben  grauen 
SJlanteln?  16.  ftcr)  lenne  fie  ftm  SInfehen.  aber  icfy  toeijs  nid)t 
toie  fie  fyeifjen ;  fie  finb  foeben  au§  jenem  Saben  fyerauggefommen. 
17.  9JMne3  ©amen,  fer)en  ®ie  einmal  ftfmed  gum  genfter  fyinau§! 
©a  fafyren  gtoei  foniglicfye  SSagen;  in  bem  einen  fi£en  (Seine* 
9Kajeftat  ber  £onig  unb  3^re4  3Kajcftat  bie  $onigin,  unb  in  bem 
anbem  bie  §toei  jungen  ^rinjen  unb  bie  lieben^toiirbigen  fleinen 
^rin^effinnen.5  18.  gn  ben  auSgsbefynten  23utf)en=,  ©ia^ens  unb 
£annen=23albern  urn  unfere  ©tabt  finbet  man  t)errlicr)e  ©papers 
gange. 

In  this  and  the  following  vocabularies  apply  the  rules  of  declension 
and  gender,  till  they  become  perfectly  familiar. 

142.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  21ft,  branch.  ba§  ©elbftiicf,  piece  of  money. 

ber  ^onig,  king. 

ber  Mantel,  cloak  (367).  bie  Sutfje,  beech-tree. 

ber  (Stein,  stone.  bie  @ia)e,  oak. 

ber  Seller,  plate.  bie  9Jlajeftat',  majesty. 

ber  SSogel,  bird  (367).  bie  $rin§ef  fin,  princess. 


1  auf  fceittfd),  in  German.  4  Observe  the  use  of  the  capital. 

8  See  page  43,  note  3.  5  Feminines  in  in  double  the  n 

3  Not  to  be  translated.  in  forming  the  plural. 


74    PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS. 


bte  ©phje,  top,  peak. 
bie  %CL\mt,Jir. 

auggebefynt,  extensive. 
broHig,  droll,  merry. 
biinn,  thin,  slender. 
fyerrtt(f},  splendid. 
fdmgli$,  royal. 
fd^rteH,  quick,  quickly. 

et !  why  /  indeed! 
etntge  (pi.),  some. 
gettnj},  certainly. 
fyer,  hither,  hithe7"ward. 
r/trt,  thither,  thitherward. 
fo  fefyr  ftue,  d^  wz^/j  #.$•. 
fo  t^XK,  just  now. 
fogletcfy,  immediately. 


fafyrert,  fu^r,  gefafcren  (f.),  & 
dfcrai,  to  ride  (in  a  carriage). 

fitfylert,  to  feel,  perceive. 

fennen,  tomtit,  gefemnt,  to 
know. 

legert,  ^  lay,  to  put. 

prafeniieren,  to  present. 

ftfcen,  fafe,  gefeffen,  /&  *& 

toerfen,  toarf,  getoorfen,  /<? 
throw. 

je  —  befto,  /^ — /^,-  j*  mefyr, 
befto  beffer ;  jje  f timelier,  befto 
beffer. 

ton  2lnfel)en,  £y  j^/. 

ioas  gtebt  e§  (giebt'3),  ze//to  « 
the  matter  ? 


143. 


Sfufga&c. 


1.  Their  cabinet-maker  must  make  twelve  chairs  for  the 
drawing-room,  six  for  the  sitting-room,  and  two  easy  chairs. 
2.  Of  what  wood ■  are  the  chairs  to  be  ?  3.  The  chairs  for 
the  drawing-room  and  the  easy  chairs  are  to  be  of  mahogany, 
and  the  six  others  of  nut-tree  wood.2  4.  Furniture  of  nut- 
tree  wood  is  common  in  Germany.  5.  Can  you  recommend 
me  a  good  tailor  ?  6.  Mr.  A  is  a  very  skilful  tailor ;  he 
makes  good  coats,  and  his  trousers  always  fit  well.  7.  Last 
winter3  he  also  made  cloaks  for  me  and  my  two  brothers. 


1  $on  tna8  fur.    SBon  with  the 

dative  is  much  used  in  place  of 
the  partitive  genitive  and  the  geni- 
tive of  material.  So  in  Latin  e 
(ex)  with  the  ablative. 


2  Nut-tree  wood,  9htftbaumljol$. 

3  The  accusative  generally  to 
indicate  time  when  definitely,  as 
here ;  the  genitive  to  denote  time 
indefinitely,  or  habitually  recurring. 


PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS.    75 

8.  Do  you  sell  silk  umbrellas  in  your  shop  ?  9.  Yes,  sir,1 
we  have  very  fine  ones.2  10.  I  should  like  3  to  buy  one. 
11.  Of  what  color  do  you  wish  to  have  it?  12.  Please 
show  me  some  dark-green  or  dark-brown  ones.2  13.  What  is 
the  price  of  these  ?  14.  These  are*  our  best  umbrellas  ;  just 
feel  this  beautiful  soft  silk ;  they  cost  eleven  florins  apiece.b 
15.  It  is  rather  dear,  but  I  will  take  one.  16.  In  summer6 
and  autumn  we  take  (macfjen)  long  walks  in  our  extensive 
forests.7  17.  What  kind  of  forests  have  you  around  your 
town  ?  18.  To  the  north  and  east  we  have  splendid  beech 
and  oak  forests,7  and  to  the  south  and  west  fir-forests. 
19.  Well,  next  spring8  I  will  pay  a  visit  to  your  pretty 
town.  20.  These  gentlemen  have  been  in  the  forest 
to-day ;  they  have  shot  six  large  hares  and  some  small 
birds.  21.  What  kind  of  birds  have  they  shot?  22.  Both 
my 9  neighbors  are  amiable  men ;  they  have  large  gardens, 
and  have  given  me  permission  to  go  in  and  to  pluck  the 
ripe  fruit.  23.  We  are  allowed  to  go  to10  the  zoological 
gardens11  this  afternoon,  to  see  the  newly  arrived12  lions  and 
tigers,  elephants,  bears  and  monkeys,  eagles,  vultures,  parrots, 
ostriches,  etc.13 


144. 

ber  Slbler,  eagle. 
ber  33  &r,  bear. 
ber  ©eier,  vulture. 
ber  £otoe,  lion. 
ber  tyapdQti',  parrot. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  ©trcutf},  ostrich  (137). 
ber  Xiger,  tiger. 

ber  grubling,  ba§  gritfyjafyr, 
spring. 


1  mcingerr.   So  tnctne  $amen 

(141,  17).  2  Omit. 

3  3d)  miidjte  gem. 

4  $tefe$  fin*.    See  173. 

5  tag  Stittf.     See  337. 

■  Say,  tm  <Sommer. 

7  Compare  page  73,  18. 


8  nodjftett  ftriipng. 

9  mctnc  Betbcn. 

10  What    does    to    mean   here? 
See  page  72,  note  4. 

11  Not  rendered  by  the  plural. 

12  ncu  ottflcfommcnen. 

13  See  page  30,  note. 


76    PLURAL  OF  THE  STRONG  AND  WEAK  DECLENSIONS. 


ber  §erbft,  autumn. 
ber  ©ommer,  summer. 
ber  -©inter,  winter. 

ber  9tforben,  north. 
ber  Often,  east. 
ber  ©itben,  south. 
ber  SSeften,  west. 

nad)  9?orben,  norblidB,  to  the 

north. 
natf)  Dften,  oftlid),  to  the  east. 
nacfySiiben,  \vfo\\&} , to  the  south, 
naty  28e[ten,  toeftlta;,  to  the 

west. 

ber  ^lorbftnnb,  north  wind. 
ber  Dfttoinb,  east  wind. 
ber  (Subftnnb,  south  7uind. 
ber  2Seftn)inb,  west  wind. 

ber  2trmfruI)I,  ber  ©effel,  easy 

chair. 
ber  9luj$baum,  nut-tree. 
ber  Sffegenfanrm,  umbrella. 
ber  Sonnenf  tfjirm,  parasol. 

bie  @rlanbnig,  permission. 
bte  3R5bel  (pl.)»  furniture. 
bie  9ZnJ3,  ««/. 


bte  Seibe,  «7>&. 

ba§  SBeinf  leib,  bie  §ofe  (mostly 
pi.:  Seinfleiber,  §ofen), 
trousers. 

bag  $oIg,  wood,  fuel. 

bag  -Jftafyago'ni,  mahogany. 

bag  Glimmer,  bag  ©peife= 
^immer,  dini?ig-room. 

bag  ©efellfcfyaft^hnmer, 
drawing-room,  parlor. 

bag  SBofyngimmer,  sitting-room. 

gefcfyitft,  skilful,  suitable. 
neu,  «^e>,  young,  recent. 
teuer  (tfyeuer),  dWzr  (of  price) ; 

also  used  like  lieb. 
bnnf  elgriin,  d#r£  green. 
fyeHgriin,  light  green. 

getoofynlid),  commonly. 
giemtidj),  rather,  somewhat. 

anfommen,  fam  anf  ange* 
lommen  (f.)/  ^  arrive. 

empfefylen,  empfabl,  empfofylen, 
to  recomme?id. 

pajjen,  to  fit,  suit,  agree. 

fajie&en,   f$of},    gefdjoffen,   to 
shoot. 

geigen,  to  show,  point  out. 


THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS.  77 

3*wilftc  Seftiott. 

145.  THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS. 

9(m  $0tttter3ta(j  9C6enti  ftnti  ^net  Jjrtidjttge  £au}cr  in  tier 
fiuifenftrafje  abge^rattnt ;  abet  tie  erfdjrorfetten  Sktooljncr 
(jaben  gliirfU^cr  2Beife  t^re  Siidjcr,  ^ajnere,  untJ  fofttmrcn 
©einfifoc  imrdj  &ie  kcitcn  f^cnftcr  gcrcttct. 

Thursday  evening  two  splendid  houses  in  Louisa  Street 
were  burnt  down ;  but  the  terrified  inhabitants  fortunately 
saved  their  books,  papers,  and  costly  paintings,  through  the 
broad  windows. 

146.  Observe  the  adverbial  use  of  the  genitive  (tlutflidjcr  SBctfC, 
in  (of)  a  fortunate  way.  When  the  genitive  is  used  adverbially  to 
express  manner,  it  is  commonly  accompanied  by  a  limiting  adjective ; 
used  to  express  time  when,  it  is  often  without  an  adjective.  Observe 
that  fount)  takes  the  accusative. 

147.  Examine  the  following  sentences : 

1.  Bwei  §ctufer  in  ber  £uifenftra{$e  fmb  am  SDormerStag  ab= 

gebratmt. 

2.  £)te  erfd)rocfenen  SBewolmer  fyabert  ifyre  SBitcfyer  gerettet. 

3.  2Cm  ®onner§tag  finb  gmet  §aufer  in  ber  £utfenftraf$e  ab= 

gebrattnt. 

4.  gn  ber  £uifertftraf$e  (tub  am  £)onrter§taa,  gtoet  §aufer  ab= 

gebrarmt. 

(1)  Compare  the  order  in  respect  to  subject  and  verb  in  3  and  4  with 
that  in  1  and  2.  Observe  that  the  normal  order  in  simple  declarative 
sentences,  as  has  been  illustrated  in  the  foregoing  exercises,  is  the  same 
as  in  English.     That  is,  the  subject  is  placed  first,  and  the  verb  follows. 

(2)  If  the  subject  has  modifiers,  as  in  1  and  2  above,  the  order  is  still 
the  same  as  in  English.  But  if  adjuncts  or  modifiers  of  the  verb  begin 
the  sentence,  the  verb  follows  these,  and  the  subject  comes  after  the 
verb.  Does  the  English  here  agree  with  the  German  ?  Is  the  order  in 
German  the  logical  order,  that  is,  the  order  of  thought  ? 


78         THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS. 

148.  Kttfeftte. 

1.  Louisa  Street  is  a  broad  street.  2.  The  houses  in 
Louisa  Street  are  splendid.  3.  Their  books  and  paintings 
are  costly.  4.  They  have  saved  their  costly  books  and 
paintings.  5.  We  have  £aved  the  books  and  paintings  of 
the  terrified  inhabitants.  6.  Fortunately  they  have  saved 
their  papers.  7.  When  were  the  splendid  houses  burnt 
down  ?  8.  They  were  burnt  down  Thursday  evening.  9. 
Did  the  terrified  inhabitants  save  anything  ?  10.  Yes,  they 
fortunately  saved  all1  their  books.  11.  The  terrified  inmates 
of  the  burning2  houses  have  saved  nothing.  12.  They  have 
saved  the  splendid  paintings  out  of  the  burning  houses.  13. 
Through  the  broad  windows  of  the  burning  houses  they  have 
saved  the  costly  paintings.  14.  The  books  and  papers  un- 
fortunately3 were  burnt.4  15.  Unfortunately  Louisa  Street 
is  not  broad,  and  the  two  splendid  houses  were  burnt  down. 

149.  Observe  the  plurals  of  the  following  nouns,  occurring  in  this 
lesson,  some  of  which  are  not  formed  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of 
Lesson  XI. : 

bag  Sluge,  eye ;  bie  -Slugen.  bag  §eft,  exercise-book ;  §efte. 

bag  %$ett,  bed ;  bie  SBettert.  bag  §erg,  heart ;  bie  §er§ert. 

bag  Gmbe,  end;  bie  ©rtbert.  bag  $ferb,  horse;  bie  ^ferbe. 

bag  §emb,  shirt;  bie  §emben.  bag  <5d)af,  sheep;  bie  ©tt^afe. 

bag  !Jttf eft',  insect ;  bie  3nf  eften.  bag  ©a^toetn,  swine ;  ©cfytoemeo 
bag  Df)x,  ear ;  bie  Dfyrert. 

ber  23auer,  peasant ;  bie  SBauern. 

150.  Form  the  plural  of  the  following  nouns,  which  have  occurred 
in  previous  lessons : 

bag  Slatt,  leaf  (127,  2).  bag  Sefe&ud),  reading-book, 

bag  ^ot^erf,  concert  (124).  bag  9ftabd)en,  girl. 

bag  ©efa^ertf,  present.  bag  9JZeffer,  knife, 

bag  ®mb,  child  (127,  2).  bag  Ztya'Uv,  theatre. 

1  ottc.       2  brennenb.       3  ungliitflidjcr  SBcife.       4  dcrbronnt. 


THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS.  79 


151.  Examine  the  following  phrases : 

1.  $tf)n  $funb  Stof$/  ten  pound?  of  meat. 

2.  gman^ig  Gentner  SBaumwolle,  a  ton  of  cotton. 

3.  $ier  gu&  lang,  four  feet  long. 

4.  ©ed)§  3otl  ^ef/  six  inches  deep. 

5.  3ft>ei  £affen  £fyee,  two  cups  of  tea. 

6.  ©ret  ©tunben  lang,  three  hours  long. 

152.  Observe  (1)  that  we  have,  in  the  above,  expressions  of  weight, 
measure,  and  number  followed  by  a  noun  or  adjective;  (2)  that  the 
singular  is  used  in  the  first  four,  the  plural  in  the  last  two;  and  (3) 
that  in  the  first  four  the  noun  of  weight,  etc.,  is  masculine  or  neuter,  in 
the  last  two  feminine. 

Express  these  observations  concisely  in  a  rule.  Cite  analogous  uses 
in  English. 

153.  Kttfg**C 

1.  £>ie  $inber  meineS  $etter§  fyaben  fyeute  rtacfy  bem1  SRittag* 
effen  einen  ©ipagiergang  in  ben  2Mb  gemad)t,  urn  gnfeften, 
namentlid)  heifer  unb  <5d)metterlinge,  %w  fangen.  2.  28a3  fitr 
fonberbare  ©efd)dpfe  bie  Snfeften  ftnb 2 !  3.  ©inige  fyaben  fciele 
gtijje,  cmbere  gtoei  $aar  gtiigel;  einige  firtb  mit  fctelen  2lugen 
toetfefyen ;  Dfyrert  aber  fyat  man  bet  ifynen  nod^  nid)t  bemerft ; 
i)ielleid)t  bienen  ifynen  bie  fogenannten  giifylfyomer  ate  Drgane  be3 
©er/5r§.  4.  £aben  ©ie  fd)on  bie  fonigftcfyen  Sd)tofjer  unferer 
Stabt  gefefyen?  5.  9tein,  nod)  nid)t,  aber  id?  mod)te  fie  gem 
fefyen.  6.  5Run  gut,  bann  lommen  <5ie  morgen  nad)  bem ■  $rufy= 
ftucf  gu  mir ;  id)  wiH  fie  3$nen  jeigen.  7.  ©ie  lonnen  ba  loftbare 
Wiohd  unb  ^errltcfje  ©emcilbe  fefyen,  and)  bie  $ortrait3  m'eler 
beriifymten  banner.  8.  3d)  bin  3fynen  fel)r  fcerbunben ;  id)  nefyme 
5$r  Hnerbieten  mit  grofcem  (mit  bielem)  ©an!  an.3  9.  §err  unb 
grau  -ft.  fyahzn  ben  beiben  5Rabd)en  SBitfete  fiir  fttoei  ^onjerte 
gefd)idt ;  ift  ba£  nid)i  fet)r  lieben§wurbig  fcon  ifynen  ?  10.  3nnfd)en 
ben  breiten  Slattern  biefe3  23aume§  ftnb  grcei  23ogelnefter ;  in 

1  Observe  the  article.  tDtt^  fitr  were  interrogative  ? 

a  What  would  the  order  be  if  *  See  64. 


80         THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS. 

bcm  einen  liegen  brei  ober  i>ier  @ier  unb  in  bem  anbern  finb 
mefyrere  junge *  SS5ge(d^en%  11.  ®u  barfft  aber  ineber  bie  (Sxer, 
nod;  bie  Sungen  fyeraugnefymen  ;  benn  bie  33ogel  finb  oon  grojjem 
SGufcen ;  fie  oertilgen  fciele  fd)ablid)en  gnfeften.  12.  Unfere 
§ithner  legen  jeijt  fciele  @ier;  toir  fyahtn  jeben  9Jiorgen2  einige 
gum3  grufyftiid.  13.  (gffen  ©ie  gem  (Sier?  14.  3  a,  n)eidj)ge= 
fottene  (toeid)gefod)te)  effe  id)  gem,  bie  fyartgefottenen  fyalte  id)  nidjt 
fiir  gefunb.  15.  SDag  §aug  ber  §erren  ©ebritber  ©.  (Messrs. 
S.  Brothers )  mad)t  bebeutcnbe  ©efdmfte  in  modenen  £iid;em ; 
fie  fcerfaufen  and)  fertige  ^leiber.  16.  (Sin  $reunb  oon  mir  fyat 
fid)4  fyente  gtoei  ©u^enb  §emben  gelauft.  17.  2Bie  totel  t)at  er 
baftir  gegeben?  18.  giinf  ©ulben  bag  6titd.5  19.  SDie  SBauem 
fyaben  auf  ben  gelbern  Soccer  gegraben ;  biefe  finb  gefyn  §uf$  tief 
unb  fyaben  gmei  guf$  unb  fed)g  3°^  *m  Umfang. 

154.  VOCABULARY. 

The  monosyllabic  neuters  are  of  the  third  class  (127,  2). 

bag  Slbenbeffen,  supper.  bag  ©efyor,  hearing. 

bag  grufyftiid,  breakfast.  bag  ©efcfyaft,  business. 

bag  ^Jiittageffen,  dinner.  bag  ®t\d)tnl,  present. 

bag  ©efdjopf,  creature. 

bag  Slnerbteten,  <?^2r.  bag  ©tag,  ^/to. 

bag  billet',  //^/.  bag  §erg,  heart  (gen.  §ergeng). 
bag  Compliment',  compliment.       bag  §ufyn,  //<?//. 

bag  $on§erf ,  concert.  \)&§  Sod),  /W^. 

bag  SDutjenb,  ^te«.  bag  9?eft,  nest. 

bag  (Si,  <?&£\  bag  Organ',  organ. 

bag  $elb,  yfdtf.  bag  tyoxtxaxt' , portrait ;  pi.  ^}or* 
bag  gufylfyom,/^/-.  traitg  or  ^ortrattc. 

bag  ©ebaube,  building.  bag  ©d)Iof$,  castle,  lock. 

1  Several  young.       After    afic,  2  Why  could  not  the  genitive 

CtntJJC,     mon^C,     mefjrcrc,    btelc,  be  used  here? 
UKtttflC,    the    adjective    following  3  See  page  79,  note  1. 

may  take  or  omit  n  in  the  nomi-  4  What  is  the  case  of  ftcf)  ? 

native  and  accusative  plural.  6  See  page  75,  14,  and  note. 


THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS. 


81 


ba§  £ua),  doth. 

bag  23i3geltf)en,  little  bird. 

bag  SSogelneft,  bird's-nest. 

bte  ^onigtn,  queen. 
bie  2BoEe,  w^/. 

ber  Sluget,  a/*>/£". 

ber  gujs,  /^/. 

ber  $afcr,  beetle. 

ber  £onig,  /'//z^. 

ber  -Jto^en,  ?/^. 

ber  $iiifym,fame. 

ber  ©cfymctterling,  butterfly. 

ber  £Bee,  foj;  pi.  £fyeeg. 

ber  Umfang,  circumference. 

ber  3o(I,  *#*& 

bebeutertb,  considerable;  impor- 
tant. 

Berufymt,  famous.  Cf.  augge= 
getdmet. 

ferttg,  ready ;  ready-made. 

fyerrltcfy,  magnificent.  Cf.  £rad)= 
tig. 

fcB&blid),  injurious ;  dangerous. 

fogenannt,  so-called. 

fonberbar,  strange,  peculiar ; 
odd. 

lief,  deep,  loud ;  high. 

luoften,  woolen. 

toetcfy  gefotten,  U>etd^  §zh§t, soft- 
boiled. 

rmt  grojjem  ©an?,  with  many 
thanks. 


namentltcfy,  particularly.     Cf. 

befonberg. 
tneffctd)t,  perhaps.     Cf.  lt)ot)I. 
Weber  —  nod),  neither  —  nor. 
$tt)ifdj)en  (with  dat.  and  ace.), 

between,  among. 

annefymen,  rtafym  an,  angenom= 

men,  to  accept,  to  assume. 
bieixen,  to  serve;  to  be  serviceable. 
fangen  (fangft,  fangt),  ftng,  ge= 

fangen,  to  catch. 
graben,  grub,  gegraben,  to  dig. 
fyalten,  fyielt,  gefyalten,  to  hold; 

to  consider  ;  to  take  for. 
I)  or  en,  to  hear,  understand.  Cf. 

fcerftefyen. 
legen,  to  lay,  put. 
Itegen,  lag,  gelegen,  to  lie  (in 

place), 
mad) en,  to  make,  do. 
©efcfyafte  in . . .  madden  (with 

dat.),  to  do  business  in  . . . 
einen  @pa§tergang  tnacfyen,  to 

take  a  walk. 
nefymen,  nafym,  genommen,  to 

take. 
ftefyen,  ftanb,  ge[tanben,  tostand, 

to  stop. 
berbinben,  berbanb,  berbunben, 

to  bind,  oblige. 
fcerfefyen,  provided.      Cf.  fcer= 

forgen. 
oertilgen,  to  root  out,  destroy. 


82         THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS. 


155.  3(ufga&c. 

Substitute  the  plural  for  the  singular  everywhere  in  the  following  exercise 

I.  1.  2luf  bem  ©a$  be§  fyofyen  §aufe§  fitjt  cm1  jungeS  Sogel* 
$en ;  to)  glaube,  e3  lann  ni<f)t  in  feirt  9?eft  guriicffliegen.  20 
©eftern  ift  in  btefem  $orf  etrt  groge*  Gkbaube  abgebrannt ;  ia; 
fyabe  baS  geuer  toon  metnem  genfter  an$  gefeben.  3.  Unfer 
•JRetjger  fd;lacf)tet  jeben  %a$  einen  Orf)[en,  em  Od^af,  eirt  (Sdjtoein 
unb  ein  &alb.  4.  Unfere  $ixbin2  fyat  fyeute  auf  bem  9Jiarfte 
einert  roelfcben  §af>rt  unb  em  jungeS  §ufyn  gefauft.  5.  Unter  bem 
neuen  §aufe  beg  §erm  21.  ift  ein  liefer  teller;  er  bat  ein  gaf$ 
9tyemtoein  unb  ein  gaj$  £ere3  (sherry)  barin ;  aua)  ein  gag  gute3 
23ier.  6.  28o  ift  bein  jungeg  £amma)en  ?  7.  £)a§  Heine  @5$tt* 
a^en  unfereS  9^aa;bar§  fytelt  mit  ibm  in  bem  §of.  8.  §aben  ©ie 
ba3  2ia;i3  au§gelofcbt?  9.  9tfem,  ia;  fyaht  e§  bem  §au£mab$en 
gegeben.  10.  $n  bem  groften  3immer  oben  fteht  ein  neueS  23ett.4 
11.  £)er  unartige  $nabe  ift  auf  einen  boben  ^irfcbbaum  geflettert 
unb  r/at  ftcf)5  ein  £o$  in  ben  9tod6  gerifjen.  12.  9M;men 
©ie  ein  meia;gefottene§  @i  gum  griihftud?  13.  3)er  Slrbeiter  I)at 
in  bem  gelb  einen  fe$3  guji  langen,  jmei  gujj  breiten  unb  mer 
guj$  tiefen  ©raben  gemaa^t.  14.  3d)  bin  gfynen  fer)r  berbunben 
fiir  ba§  SBillct  §u  bem  $on§ert. 

II.  1.  I  understand  these  two  pretty7  houses  are  to  be  let;8 
do  you  know  anything  about  it  ?  2.  Yes,  they  are  to  be  let, 
and  I  have  been  in  them ;  but  I  do  not  like  them :  the  rooms 
are  rather  low  and  the  windows  are  too  small;  moreover, 
there 9  are  not  bed-rooms  enough,  and  the  rent  is  too  high. 
3.  How  do  you  like  the  villages  in  our  neighborhood  ?     4.  I 

1  In  the  change  to  the  plural,  6  Notice  the  accusative. 

tilt,  of  course,  falls  away.  7  Numerals  have  no  effect  upon 

2  See  page  73,  note  5.  the  declension  of  a  following  ad- 

3  £ie  £td)te,  candles ;  fote  #tdj=       jective. 

tcr,  lights.  4  See  149.  8  JU  tJCWUCtCn.   See  p.  14G,  n.  1. 

5  Dative  idiomatically  used,  but  9  \yfo  ntd)t  3u)lttfjimmcr  gCttUQ 

not  necessary.  fco. 


THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS.         83 

like  them  very  much ;  all  the *  houses,  I  see,  have  little 
flower-gardens 2  in  front,  and  behind  they  have  large  vege- 
table-gardens. 5.  In  the  yard  of  each  house  there3  are 
stables,  and  in  them  we  find  horses,  oxen,  cows  and  calves, 
pigs,  and  sometimes  sheep  and  lambs ;  in  the  hen-houses 
there  are  hens  with  nests  full  of 4  eggs ;  in  the  cellars  we 
find  casks  of  wine,  cider,  and  beer ;  under  the  roofs  of 
the  different  buildings  the  inhabitants  keep  their  grain.  G. 
They  sow  wheat  and  barley  in5  their  fields,  and  in6  the 
valleys  there  grow  different  sorts  of  grasses  for  hay.  7. 
Mr.  W.  makes  a  journey  every  year 7  through  the  different 
countries  of  Europe.8  8.  In  what  does  he  do  business  ? 
9.  I  think  he  does  business  in  wines.  10.  How  do  you 
like  these  silk  handkerchiefs?  11.  I  like  them  very  much, 
but  they  are  not  for  me;  they  are  for  my  brother,  and  he 
does  not  like  them.  12.  This  lady  has  bought  woollen 
dresses  and  warm  neckerchiefs  for  these  six  poor  girls. 
13.  Edward,  do  not  forget  to  put  the  candles  out9  when10 
you  go  to  bed.  You  know  I  am  afraid  of  fire.  14.  Well,  I 
will  put  them  out. 

156.  VOCABULARY. 

Most  of  the  monosyllabic  neuters  come  under  127,  2. 

bag  23ier,  beer  (125,  3).  bag  %zmx,fre. 

bag  2)aa%  roof.  bag  ©etreibe,  grain. 

bag  2)orf,  village.  bag  ©rag,  grass. 

(bag)  ^vxtyb,  Europe (\%\,  1).  bag  §algtud),  neckerchief. 

bag  gaft,  cask.  bag  §augmabd?ert,  maid. 

1  Omit  in  German  the  definite  6  in.     See  page  72,  note  4. 
article   between  all  and   a  plural            7  Either    jeDCS    ^O^V,    or    attc 
substantive.  $afjre.     What  case? 

2  little  flower-gardens,  ©lumClt*  8  duV0j}tt§,  or  DOlt  (SurOjM. 
fltirtdjen.  9  To  put  out.     See  120. 

3  Cf.  page  82,  note  9.  10  tuetttt  requires  the  verb  to  be 

4  bottct  or  Doll.  5  OUf-  put  at  the  end  of  the  sentence. 


84 


THE  PLURAL  OF  NEUTER  NOUNS. 


bag  §eu,  hay  (no  pi.). 

bag  §ufyn,  hen. 

bag  §u^ner(;aug,  hen-house. 

\x&%o&iX,year  (125,  3). 

bag  £alb,  «*# 

bag  Samm,  lamb. 

bag  Sanb,  /#«*/. 

bag  £t($t,  **?*<//<?  (p.  82,  n.  3). 

bag  <5a;Iaf§immer,  bedroom. 

bag  ^afa^enturf),  handkerchief. 

bag  £fya(,  z'a//o'. 

bie  2lrt,  w/,  £//;</. 
bie  Oerfte,  barley. 
bie  £iu),  *>w  (125,  2). 
bie  -JJttete,  house-rent. 
bie  ^adjbarfcfyaft,  neighbor- 
hood. 
bie  Sfteif e,  journey. 

ber  Sfyfeltoein,  «V/<?r. 

ber  ©emiifegarten,  vegetable- 
garden. 

ber  ©raben,  <#&■/*  /  pi.  ©raben. 

ber  §afer,  oats  (no  pi.). 

ber  Qafyn,  cock;  ber  rDeIfcr)e§at)n, 
turkey-cock. 

ber  §  aligning,  house-rent. 

ber  £>of,  ^r^/,  court. 

ber  §ufynerftatt,  hen-house. 

bag  SBudj)  gefaftt  tnir, 
bag  Surf)  gefcitlt  bir,        ) 
bag  33urf)  gefattt  Sfynen,  i 
bag  SBua;  gefdllt  if>m, 
bie  23ua)er  gcfallcn  ung, 


ber  better,  cellar. 
ber  9Jiei$ger,  butcher. 
ber  2£einfyartbler,  «/*#*• 

mer chant. 
ber  SBeigen,  wheat. 

ftein,  small;  petty. 
rtiebrig,  /tfze/.    Oppos.  ^oa^. 
Kofi,  full.    Oppos.  leer. 

bariiber,  about  it. 
gertug,  enough ;  sufficiently. 
fyirttert,  adv.,  behind. 
mandfjmal,  sometimes. 
bura)  (with  ace),  through. 
tmter  (with  dat.  and  ace), 

under. 
iiberbieg',  moreover. 
fcom,  adv.,  before,  in  the  front. 

augmaajen,  auglofd^en,  to  put 

out. 
reijjert,  rift,  geriffen,  to  tear. 

Cf.  jerretjjen  (97).     j\ 
fd)(ad)ten,  to  kill.     Cf.  toten 

(tobten). 
toacfyfen,  ftma)g,  geit>acr)fen  (f.), 

to  grow. 
jurticffliegen,  flog  ^uriirf,  guriicf= 

geflogen  ({.),  to  fly  back. 

I  like  the  book, 
you  like  the  book. 

he  likes  the  book, 
we  like  the  books. 


THE    PLURAL    OF    FEMININE    NOUNS.  85 

$rajel)ttte  Settioit. 

157.  THE  PLURAL  OF  FEMININE  NOUNS. 

Mt  %\]&)t  nub  SBfinfe  in  itnferer  ©arteufouk  flub  ntit  |cm 
Itdjen  Styrifofen,  groftctt  SKankln,  unti  9tiiffen  kktft ;  cincn 
fleincn  %t'\l  tiatiott  toerkn  totr  fur  im§  fribjt  kljalten,1  kit 
Oieft  toirb  tnetnc  Gutter  ciitt^eit  ttckn  Sreutt&tnttcn  fenkn. 

All  the  tables  and  benches  in  our  arbor  are  covered  with 
magnificent  apricots,  large  almonds,  and  nuts ;  a  small  part 
of  them  we  shall  keep  for  ourselves,  the  remainder  my 
mother  will  send  to  some  dear  friends. 

158.  1.  Observe  that  fctC  SBatlf  and  tJlC  9lu§  are  included  in  125,  2. 
For  the  plural  fcic  9WttnUcIn,  see  129,  last  part;  and  for  tltC  $rCU!tf)inttCn, 

page  73,  note  5. 

2.  The  pronoun  felDft,  self,  is  undeclinable,  and  is  added  to  nouns 
and  pronouns  for  emphasis.  Its  office  is  therefore  the  same  as  that  of 
ipse  in  Latin. 

3.  Observe  the  formation  of  the  future  tDCriJClt  —  Bc^ttlttlt,  ftlir& — ■ 
fctt&Ctt.  In  French,  Latin,  and  some  other  languages,  the  future  is 
formed  without  the  aid  of  auxiliary  verbs.     How  is  it  in  English? 

159.  Future  Tense. 

id)  toerbe  fenben.  fair  Herbert  fertbert. 

bu  toirft  fenben.  j  f.  «"«**  fe"be"- 

(.  6te  toerben  fenben. 

er  toirb  fenben.  fie  toerben  fenben. 

160.  Slufaa&e. 

I.  1.  In  our  arbor  are  tables  and  benches.  2.  The 
apricots,  almonds,  and  nuts  are  on  the  table  and  on  the 
benches  in  our  arbor.  3.  The  tables  are  covered  with 
apricots  and  the  benches  with  almonds  and  nuts.     4.  The 

1  tlCljaltCtt  is  inflected  like  Ctfjttltett.     See  44. 


86         THE  PLURAL  OF  FEMININE  NOUNS. 

apricots  we  keep  for  ourselves,  but  the  almonds  and  nuts 
we  shall  send  to  some  dear  friends.  5.  My  mother  will 
send  some  of  the  apricots  to  a  friend,  the  remainder  she  will 
keep  for  herself.1  6.  Some  dear2  friends  will  send  my 
mother3  apricots  and  nuts.  7.  They  will  send  us  a  table 
and  six  chairs.  8.  Shall  you  cover  the  table  with  these 
magnificent  apricots  and  large  almonds  ?  9.  One  table  I 
shall  cover  with  apricots  and  the  other  with  almonds  and 
nuts.  1 0.  To  whom  shall  you  send  these  large  apricots  and 
nuts?  11.  The  apricots  I  shall  send  to  my  mother  and  the 
nuts  to  a  dear  friend.  12.  Will  your  mamma  keep  all  this 
fruit4  for  herself?  13.  She  never5  keeps  all  the  fruit  for 
herself ;  she  always 5  sends  a  part  of  it  to  some  old  friends. 
14.  What  fruit  shall  you  send  to  your  friends?  15.  We 
shall  send  them  some  juicy  apples  and  pears.  16.  What 
will  you  send  to  your  sisters  ?  17.  We  will  send  them  some 
magnificent  apricots  and  strawberries.  18.  What  do  the 
mothers  send  to  their  daughters?  19.  They  send  their 
daughters  beautiful  almonds,  and  the  daughters  send  their 
mothers  juicy  cherries  and  strawberries.  20.  Well,  Mary, 
will  you  keep  all  these  beautiful  almonds  and  raisins  for 
yourself?  21.  Oh  no,  I  shall  keep  only  a  part  of  them  for 
myself,  the  remainder  I  shall  give  to  my  little  brothers  and 
sisters. 

II.  1.  §eute  itber  acr)t  £age  toerbe  ta)  nut  trteinen  <Sofynen 
unb  %'6<fytixn  auf  etrtige  28ocf>ert6  auf  ba3  Sanb7  gefyert.  2.  gm 
grueling,  unb  tm  2lnfang  be3  (5ommer§  ift  e§  retgenb  auf  bem 


1  (iir  flrf),  or  fiir  ftd)  felfeft   35.  rably  in  the  plural  before  pronomi- 

2  Either  licbett,  or  He6c  nal  words. 

3  Not  accusative.  5  Observe  that  the  order  is  not 

4  ttll  t)icfc$  06ft     Observe  that  the  same  in  German  as  in  English. 
all  remains  uninfected  in  the  sin-  6  for  several  weeks. 

gular  before  a  pronominal  word  in  7  into  the  country.    But  auf  l)Cttt 

the  masculine  or  neuter:  all  btcfcr  fianfc,  in  the  country. 

SBcin ;  all  ntein  @clfc.    So  prefe- 


THE    PLURAL    OF    FEMININE    NOUNS.  87 

£anbe.  3.  ^n  ber  gritfye  be§  3Jtorgen§  fyoren  nrir  bie  £erdj>en  fyodj 
in  ben  Siiften  ifyre  frofylicfyen  Sieber  trittern;  in  bem  ©ebitfa; 
ertont  ber  ©$lag  ber  ^aa^tigatten,  auf  ben  33 tinmen  laff en x  bie 
Slmfeln  unb  SDroffeln  tfyren  (Befang  fyoren/  unb  gtt)ttfc^ernb  fliegen 
bie  ©djtoalben  bin  unb  Ijier  unb  fangen  it)re  Sprung.  4.  2luf 
ben  gelbern  Ipfliigen  unb  fden  bie  fleifngen  Sanbleute.  5.  gn 
ben  SBalbem  ift  SflleS  grim  unb  frifdj)  unb  it)tr  finben  eine 
Sttaffe  rotlber  23eeren.  6.  ©ie  finb  §it>ar  fleiner2  aU  bie3  in  ben 
©drten ;  after  fie  finb  boa)4  fiifj  unb  fd;madfyaft.  7.  gum  gritty 
find  unb  £fyee  liefern  un§  bie  fetten  $itfye  frtfd>e  Wild)  unb  frifd;e 
Gutter.  8.  (Skftern  fcor  ad)t  Xagen  J)a6e  id)  bei5  unferm  alien 
greunb  ©.  m  SWittag  gegeffen.  9.  @r  mobnt  mit5  ^faei  unr>er= 
fyeirateten  ©a)ft>eftern  in  einer  fyubfd)en  SSilla  ungefafyr  brei 
3Jieilen  toon  ber  ©tabt.  10.  SBeim  9?ad)tifd)  fatten  nrir  unter 
anbern  grojje  blaue  unb  tr>eif$e  £rauben  au§  feinem  eigenen  £reibs 
fyau§,  and)  Orangen,  amerifanifa;e  Styfel,  ©rbbeeren,  3ofyanni3= 
beeren,  ©tacfyelbeeren,  ^ftanbeln  unb  SRofinen.  11.  3Sor  gtpet 
3al)ren  bin  id)  in  2)eutf$lanb  getoefcn  unb  fyaht  an  ben  fdjonen 
Ufern  be§  3^t)ein§  fciele  alte  ©tabte  gefcfyen.  12.  3ftantf;e  biefer 
©tabte  finb  mit  biden  Sftauern  umgeben  unb  auf  ben  Bergen 
ftet)en  bie  SRutnen  alter  SBurgen.  13.  §eute  iiber  fciergelm  £age 
toirb  eine  3Serfteigerung  bon  bielen  golbenen  tlfyren  ftattfinben. 
14.  $)er  Ufyrmadjer  f)at  grofje  ©dmlben  unb  lann  feme  $flid;ten 
gegen  feme  ©laubiger  ni$t  erfiiEen.  15.  SSie  gefallen  $$nen 
bie  jetngen  £raa;ten  ber  grauen?  16.  ©ie  gefaEen  mir  nia;t 
befonberg. 

161.    Observe  the  following  plurals.    See  130,  1.    See  also  how  far 
the  rules  of  gender,  132-135,  apply  here  and  in  the  vocabulary  following : 

bie  £mrg,  stronghold ;  bie  SBurgen. 
bie  $fli$t,  duty ;  bie  $flia;ten. 


1  laff  en  -  -  fjorcit,  make  heard.  5  with,  meaning  at  one's  house, 

2  Jftiar  flciltcr,  smaller  to  be  sure.  is  foci,  like  the  Latin  apud ;  with 

3  See  77,  I.  11,  and  note.  meaning  in  company  with,  is  mit 

4  for  all  that.  like  the  Latin  cum. 


88 


THE    PLURAL    OF    FEMININE    NOUNS. 


bie  €>d)tatf)t,  battle  ;  bie  ©d)Iad)ten. 
bie  ©d)ulb,  debt ;  bie  6d)ttlben. 
bte  £fyiir,  door ;  bie  £fyiiren. 
bie  £rad)t,  costume  ;  bie  ^£rad)ten. 
bie  Ufyr,  watch,  clock  ;  bie  Ubrert. 
bie  $crt)l,  number ;  bie  ftafyUn. 


162. 


VOCABULARY. 


How  should  the  monosyllabic  feminines  below  form  the  plural  ? 
*     See  125,  2. 


bie  2lm{el,  blackbird. 

bie  23eere,  berry. 

bie  23irne,  pear. 

bie  SDroffel,  thrush. 

bie  ©rbbeere,  strawberry. 

bie  ^obanni^beere,  currant. 

bie  $ulj>,  cow. 

bie  Sercfye,  lark. 

bie  Suft,  air. 

bie  Sftagb,  servant-girl. 

bie  ^Cftaffe,  mass. 

bie  Waiter,  wall. 

bie  5tRau§,  mouse. 

bie  ^ad)tigatt,  nightingale. 

bie  yiafyxvinQsfood. 

bie  Drartge,  orange. 

bie  define,  raisin. 

bie  divine,  n««. 

bte  ©cfytoalfce,  swaltew. 

bie  (Stacfyelbeere,  gooseberry. 

bie  Straube,  £##£#  of  grapes. 

bie  33erfteigerung,  ^/<?,  auction. 

bie  33tHa,  w//«;  pi.  SSittevt. 

ber  Slnfang,  beginning. 


ber  33erg,  mountain, 
ber  ©efang,  singing. 
ber  ©laubiger,  creditor. 
ber  Sanbmann,  countryman  / 

pi.  Sanbleute. 
ber  9?ad;tifd),  dessert. 
ber  9^eig,  charm. 
ber  S^ein,  Rhine. 
ber  ©cfylag,  iwz^",  singing, 

warbling. 
ber  <Sd)ulbner,  debtor. 
ber  Ufyrmacfyer,  watchmaker. 

ba§  ©ebiifd),  thicket,  bush. 
baZ  Sieb,  -ww^. 
ba§  £reibfyau%  hot-house. 
bag  Ufer,  te£. 

Stmerifa,  America. 

amerifartifeb,  American. 

eigen,  ##>#,  0#<?V  <?z£/#. 

f  ett,  y*^/,  plump. 

frofyltd),  joyous. 

friify,  raWy,  betimes.    Cf.  geitig, 

jeijig,  present. 


THE  PLURAL  OF  FEMININE  NOUNS. 


89 


reigenb,  charming. 
f  dmtacffyaft,  palatable. 
umgeben,  surrounded. 
unberfyeiratet,  unmarried. 

bei  (with  dat.),  at,  with,  near. 
befonber3,  particularly. 
fyin  unb  fyer,  to  and  fro. 
jetjt,  /z<?w,  at  present. 
ungefabr,  #to/. 
unter  anbern  (u.  a.),  among 
others. 

erfittten,  to  fulfil. 
erionen,  to  resound. 


§u  2Ibenb  effen,  /<?  J-?//  (62). 
§u  2Rittag  effen,  fc  <#«*. 
fiiegen,  flog,  gefIogen,(f.)  to  fly. 
frufyftittfen,  to  breakfast. 
boren,  to  hear. 
liefern,  to  furnish. 
})flugen,  to  plough. 
faen,  to  sow. 
ftattfinbcn,  to  take  place.     Cf. 

gefc^efyen. 
trttfern,  /<?  warble. 
jtoitfcfyem,  /#  twitter,  chirp. 

in  ber  gritfye  be§  5Rorgen§, 
^zr/y  in  the  morning. 


fyeute  i'tber  acfyt  Stage,  M/j  //#>'  z£/<?<?£,  a  week  from  to-day. 

fyettte  bor  atf)t  STagen,  Mm  dfoj'  z£w>£,  a  week  ago  to-day. 

fyeutz  itber  bier§el)n  Xage,  a  fortnight  from  to-day. 

f)tutt  bor  bier^elm  £agen,  a  fortnight  ago  to-day. 

am  ©onntag  liber  atf)t  Stage,  Sunday  week,  a  week  from  Sunday. 

am  ©onntag  bor  acfyt  Xagen,  Sunday  week,  a  week  ago  Sunday. 

bor  acfyt  %agen,  a  week  ago. 

bor  bier^elm  S£agen,  a  fortnight  ago. 

im  borigen  %6§xr  borige§  3a^r/  last  year. 

im  borigen  9ftonat,  borigen  9fftonat,  last  month. 

163.  Slufga&c* 

Substitute  the  plural  for  the  singular  in  the  following  sentences: 

I.  1'.  gfyre  ©cfytoefter  I)at  mir  eine  tranrige  ©efd;id;te  er^afylt. 
2.  (Seine  Heine  £otf)ter  gefyt  in  bie  ©dmle  unb  nimmt  jebe^mal 
ein  23u$,  papier  unb  eine  geber  mit.  3.  2Ba§  fur  eine  fcfyone 
33Iume  ©te  ^ter  fyahzn !  4.  5[Reine  ^acfybarin  fyat  mir  bie  SBtume 
gegeben ;  e§  ift  eine  worried)  enbe  -Kelfe.  5.  ©ie  liebe  ©ro§= 
mutter  t)at  it)rer  lleinen  Gmfelm  eine  fajbne  sjhtppe  gefdjenft. 
6.  5D^ein  lieber  ©rojjbater   fyat  fyeute  bor   aa^t  Xagen  meiner 


90         THE  PLURAL  OF  FEMININE  NOUNS. 

©cfyroefter  erne  prad)tt>oIIe  Ufyr  gum  ©efdjenf  genta$t.  7. 
§eute  tiber  a$t  £age  merbe  ify  mtt  meiner  Xante  auf  ba§ 
£anb  gefyen.  8.  £ege  biefen  f$macfi)aften  2fyfel,  biefe  faftige 
23irne,  eine  grojse  9htg,  eine  9ftanbel  unb  eine  Styrifofe  in  biefe 
©cfyacfytel.  9.  2tuf  bent  93erge  bet  btefer  ©tabt  ftefyt  bie  State 
eine3  alien  ©cfyloffeS;  fte  tft  mit  einer  bitfen  9ftauer  umgeben. 
10.  ©ie  bait  bie  ^artoffel  mtt  ber  ©abel  unb  fcfyalt  fie  mit  bem 
■Uleffer.  11.  3n  ^er  Sru^e  ^  9florgen§  haht  idj  ben  ©efang 
ber  fierce,  ber  Slmfel,  unb  ber  £>roffel,  tote  aua)1  ba§  3toitfd6ern 
ber  ©#raalbe  gefyort.  12.  2)ie  $at$e  fangt  bie  WaitZ  unb  frtftt 
fie.  13.  £)te  SKactyt  ift  fc^r  bunfel  gemefen.  14.  2)ie  9flagb  bat 
in  bie  ©a^ublabe  be£  £ifa)e§  eine  filberne  ©abel,  einen  ftlbernen 
Soffet  unb  em  SReffe*  geiegt. 

II.  1.  The  little  boys  at  school2  must  learn  to  write3 
numbers  and  to  make  calculations.  2.  They  read  short 
stories  in  their  reading-books.     3.  Do  they  also  learn  Latin  ? 

4.  Not  yet,  they  will  learn  it  later ;  they  begin  with  the 
modern  languages  ;  they  have  lessons  in  German  and  French. 

5.  My  sisters  take  lessons  in  history,  geography,  and  natural 
history,  also  in  writing  and  drawing.  6.  Do  they  also  take 
les  'ons  in  music  ?  7.  No,  but  my  cousins  do.4  8.  This  little 
girl  has  two  grandfathers  and  two  grandmothers,  and  she 
receives  presents  from  them  all,  dolls  and  all  sorts  of  play- 
things. 9.  Please  open  the  doors  and  windows,  there  is  a 
great  deal  of5  smoke  in  the  room.  10.  It  is  very  unpleasant 
to  sit  in  a  smoky  room.  11.  In  the  hotels  are  smoking- 
rooms.  12.  Wednesday  week  Miss  O.  will  make  an 
excursion  into 6  the  country  with  her  pupils,  but  my  nieces 

1  tDie  ttttd),  as  well  as.  Sometimes   with    ftntlttt/   to  find; 

8  at  school,  in  fcer  Sdjulc  mud} en, to  make;  fcljen,  to  see. 

3  fdjrcibcn  lemeit-     The  infin-  4  Say,  take  lessons. 

itive  without  gu  follows  f  iiljlctt,  to  5  a  great  deal  of,  feljr  Dtd. 

feel ;    Ijeifeen,    to   bid;    ijelfCtt,    to  6  into,  ouf,  with  the  accusative. 

help;  prett,  to  hear  ;  Ittffeit,  to  let;  See  page  86,  note  7. 
Ufjrcn,  to  teach  ;  Icweit,  to  learn. 


THE    PLURAL    OF    FEMININE    NOUNS.  91 

unfortunately  cannot  accompany  them ;  the  one  has  a  very 
bad  cold  and  the  other  has  a  headache. 

13.  Mrs.  N.,  may  I  pour  you  out  another  cup  of  tea? 
14.  No,  thank  you,  I  have  had  two  cups  already.  15.  Please, 
give  this  poor  girl  another  cup  of  coffee  and  another  piece  of 
bread.  16.  Shall  I  pour  you  out  another  glass  of  wine  ?  17 
Thank  you,  your  wine  is  very  good.  18.  Mary,  fetch  me 
another  glass,  this  one  is  not  clean.  19.  What  beautiful 
flowers  Mr.  R.  has  in  his  garden *  1  20.  I  have  never  seen 
so  many  kinds  of  roses,  tulips,  and  pinks.  21.  Does  he 
keep  them  all  for  himself  ?  22.  No,  he  often  sends  beautiful 
bouquets2  to  his  friends  in  town.  23.  Are  the  grapes  in 
your  hot-houses  ripe  ?  24.  Some  of  the  purple 3  ones  are 
ripe,  but  not  the  white  ones.  25.  You  have  a  great  many, 
shall  you  keep  them  all  for  yourselves  ?  26.  Oh  no,  we 
always  send  a  great  part  to  different  families  as  a  present4; 
the  remainder  we  keep  for  ourselves.  27.  The  feathers 
of  geese  make  soft  pillows.  28.  Our  maid-servants  have 
clocks  in  their  rooms ;  still  they  do  not  get  up  at  the  right 5 
time.  29.  Why  are  these  poor  ladies  so  sad  ?  30.  Their 
sons  have  contracted6  great  debts,  and  cannot  fulfil  their 
duties  to  their  numerous  creditors.7 

164.  VOCABULARY. 

bie  %$l\xmt,  flower,  bie  (&oktl,fork. 

bie  dnfelirt/  grand-daughter.  bie  ^axtoffd,  potato. 

bie  ftamilk,  family,  bie  yizXti,  pink. 

bie  geber,  feather.  bie  SPuppe,  doll. 

1  For  the  order,  see  112,  II.  6.       What  does  guitt  here,  and  gut  in 

2  Either  ©OUquete,  or  Slumett*       the  following  note  represent  ? 

ftrdufee.    See  137.  *  jUr  xetytm  $tn 

3  The   adjective   has   the  same  6  contracted,  in  German,  made. 
form  as  if  a  noun  followed.  7  See  page  87,  14. 

4  as  a  present,    gum   $tf$Ct£  8  How  is  the  plural  formed  ? 


92 


THE    PLURAL    OF    FEMININE    NOUNS. 


bie  S^edmung,  calculation. 

bie  Sdjrei&ftnnbe,  lesson  in  writ- 
ing. 

bie  ©pielfa^e,  plaything. 

bie  €tyrad;e,  language. 

bie  <3timbe,  lesson,  hour. 

bie  ©eograpfyie,  geography. 

bie  ©efcfyicfyte,  story,  history. 

bie  -jftaturgefdncfyte,  natural 
history. 

ber  Slugfhig,  excursion. 
ber  SBlumenftranjj,  bouquet. 
ber  ©aftfyof,  ^0^/. 
ber  ®rof$oater,  grandfather. 
ber  9Cftufifunterria)t,  lessons  in 

music. 
ber  ^aucr),  smoke. 
ber  Unterrid;t,  instruction. 

bag  ^Bouquet,  bouquet;  pi. 
SBouquete. 

bag  ©aftfyaug,  §otel,  ^0/W,  /wz. 

bag  $tjf en,  pillow. 

ba§  Sftaud^immer,  smoking- 
room. 

bag  ©a^reiben,  writing. 

bag  getcfynen,  drawing. 


bentfd),  German. 
frangoftfa),  French. 
lateinifd),  Latin. 

angenefym,  agreeable. 
pradj)tooIt,  magnificent, splendid. 

Cf.  pradjtig  and  fyerrlia;. 
traurig,  jW,  sorrowful. 
unangenefym,  unpleasant, 
toofylxkfytnt),  fragrant. 
gafylreidj),  numerous. 

me,  niemalg,  tz^zw. 

bennoa;,  boa;,  .$•////,  ^/. 

no  a;,  «#/;  nod)  eine  Xaffe,  #«- 

tf/Zz^r  (an  additional)  cup; 

eine  anbere  £affe,  a?iother  (a 

different)  <rzz/. 

aufftefyen,  ftanb  anf,  aufge= 
ftanben  (f .)  to  get  up. 

auggiefsen,  gofj  ang,  augge= 
goffen,  to  pour  out. 

Begleiten,  to  accompany. 

einf  djenf  en,  to  pour  out. 

freffen,  to  eat  (of  animals).  Cf. 
effcn  (62). 

fd)&len,  to  peel. 


165. 


io;  fang  e. 
bu  fang  ft. 

er  fang  t. 


fattgctl,  to  catch. 

loir  fang  en. 
( ifyr  fang  ct. 
X ©ie  fang  en. 

fie  fang  en. 


THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  :  REFLECTIVE  VERBS.  93 

$ierjel)ttte  Seftion. 

166.  THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS:   REFLECTIVE  VERBS. 

[Review  the  personal  pronouns,  35.] 

liefer  Ijodjmfittfie  3Ramt  Ijat  arme  SrtimmMe  in  tier 
Ijicpgctt  <©tabt,  aber  cr  fdjtimt  jtdj  t^rcr ;  baler  trntf  er  fie 
nidjt  lenneit  unto  foridjt  nidjt  wit  iljiteit.  ©or  eintfler  3cit 
Ijat  er  eine  befietttenbe  6umme  ®efo  Qeer&t,  tttfein  fie  Jja&en 
nidjtS  tumuit  befommen. 

This  proud  man  has  poor  relations  in  the  town  here,  but  he 
is  ashamed  of  them ;  therefore  he  pretends  not  to  know  them 
and  does  not  speak  to  them.  Some  time  ago  he  inherited  a 
considerable  sum  of  money,  but  they  received  none  of  it. 

167.  1.  Observe  that  when  adjectives  are  used  as  substantives,  as 
here  t)Cttt)aitf)t,  they  keep  the  inflection  of  the  adjective.     Hence  fcer 

$ertoanbte,  tin  $cttoanl)ter;  plural,  fcic  95crtuant)ten,  $ertottM)te. 

2.  From  Ijter  is  formed  the  adjective  Ijicfifl,  by  the  addition  of  the 
suffix  tg,  X  being  changed  to  f.     So  from  tiOtt,  there,  fcotttg;   Ijeute, 

Ijeuttfl;  flejteringeftria;  jefct,  iefctg. 

3.  With  the  reflective  fdjtimt  fid),  followed  by  the  genitive,  compare  the 
Latin  impersonal  pudet  and  similar  verbs,  construed  with  the  genitive. 

4.  Observe  that  tfltll  has  not  here  its  common  use  as  a  modal 
auxiliary,  but  is  nearly  equivalent  to  says ;  Latin,  dicit ;  as  foil  is  some- 

.times  equivalent  to  is  said;   Latin,  dicitur :   (§r  fflfl  rCtd)C  SikrlrJOltD tC 
fja&Cn,  he  is  said  to  have  rich  relatives. 

168.  Examine  the  following  groups  of  sentences  : 

I. 

1.  ber  Sail:  er  ift  nia)t  fcfyort,  bag  $inb  r)at  U)n  fcefefymufct. 

2.  bie  geber :  fie  ift  ntcfyt  Qui,  mein  SBruber  fyat  fie  fcerborben. 

3.  ba§  §aug :  eg  ift  grofj,  mein  SSater  fyat  eg  gelauft. 

4.  bie  33aEe :  fie  ftnb  nia;t  fa; on,  baZ  $inb  §at  fie  6ef$mu£t. 

a.  Observe  that  in  the  above  sentences  the  personal  pronouns  are 
used  in  the  nominative  and  accusative  referring  to  things,  the  accusative 
being  the  object  of  a  verb. 


94       THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  :   REFLECTIVE  VERBS. 

1.  ber  ©arten:  id)  erinnere  micfy  bemfelben  nid)t. 

2.  bie  ©umme :  id)  erinnere  mid)  berfelben  nid^t. 

3.  ba§  ®orf :  id}  erinnere  mid)  bemfelben  nid)t. 

4.  bie  ©arten :  i$  erinnere  mid)  berfelben  nid^t. 

b.  Observe  that  in  place  of  the  genitive  of  the  personal  pronoun 
referring  to  things,  the  pronoun  fclb,  with  the  inflection  of  an  adjective, 
is  substituted. 

II. 

1.  ber  Sfting :  icfy  l)abe  mit  bemfelben  (or  bamit)  gefpielt. 
*2.  ber  S^ing :  id)  l)abe  ein  $funb  (Sterling  fur  benfelben  (or 
bafiir)  6e§at)It. 

3.  bie  ©umme :  fte  fyahtn  nicfjtS  bon  berfelben  (or  ba&on)  be* 

fommen. 

4.  bie  ©umme:    er  I)at  iiber  biefelbe  (or  bariiber)   berfiigt 

(disposed). 

5.  ba3  ©ofa :  ba§  ®inb  ft|t  auf  bemfelben  (or  barauf). 

6.  ba§  ©ofa :  fe^en  ©ie  ba§  $inb  auf  baSfelbe  (or  barauf). 

c.  Observe  that  the  same  substitution  of  felB  is  made  as  in  the 
second  group,  for  a  personal  pronoun  referring  to  things,  after  a  pre- 
position. But  here  we  may  also  have,  as  the  examples  show,  the  adverb 
fctt  combined  with  a  preposition.     See  also  58. 

169.  Examine  the  following  sentences  : 

1.  bie  glafc^e:  e§  ift  fein  SSaffer  barm;  fd&utten  ©ie  etma§ 

(some)  fyinein. 

2.  ba§  33u$ :  3&r  Sftame  fte&t  noa;  nid&t  barin ;  bitte,  fajreiben 

©ie  ilm  fyinetn. 

3.  ber  SBalb :  roir  finb  geftern  barin  gemefen  unb  fyeute  gefyen 

roir  roieber  fyinein. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  burnt,  and  how  is  it  used  ?  What  of  fjintilt  ? 
Compare  the  use  of  the  dative  and  accusative  with  certain  prepositions, 
page  72,  note  4. 


THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  '.    REFLECTIVE  VERBS.        95 

170.  Olufoafce* 

I.  1.  This  proud  man  does  not  speak  to  his  poor  relations. 

2.  His  proud  relations  do  not  speak  to  him.  3.  He  is 
ashamed  of  them.  4.  They  are  ashamed  of  him  and  of  her. 
5.  They  pretend  not  to  know  him,  and  he  pretends  not  to 
know  them.  6.  His  poor  relations  have  not  received  any- 
thing x  from  him.  7.  He  has  inherited  a  considerable  sum  of 
money;  have  his  relations  received  any  of  it?  8.  Where 
has  he  relations  ?  9.  In  the  town  here  he  has  relations,  but 
they  are  poor  and  therefore  he  is  ashamed  of  them.  10. 
These  poor  men  have  a  rich  relation  in  this  town,  but  he 
is  proud  and  pretends  not  to  know  them.  11.  What  does 
he  pretend  to  have  inherited2?  12.  He  pretends  to  have 
inherited  a  considerable  sum  of  money  from  his  rich  rela- 
tions, but  I  understand  he  has  not  received  much  from 
them.  13.  This  poor  woman  is  a  relation  of  his,3  but  he  is 
not  ashamed  of  her;  he  often  speaks  to  her  and  sometimes 
gives  her  a  small  sum  of  money.  14.  Is  not  this  proud  man 
a  relation  of  yours?  15.  Yes,  he  is  a  relation  of  mine,  but 
he  is  ashamed  of  me ;  he  pretends  not  to  know  me  and 
does  not  speak  to  me.  16.  I  understand  you  have  inherited 
a  considerable  sum  of  money.  17.  Yes,  it  is  a  considerable 
sum,  but  I  have  poor  relations  and  I  shall  divide  it  with 
them.  18.  That  proud  lady  is  a  relation  of  ours ;  but  we 
are  poor ;  therefore  she  is  ashamed  of  us,  does  not  speak  to 
us,  and  pretends  not  to  know  us. 

II.  1.  §aft  bu  beinen  beutfd)en  2luffat$  fd)on  gemacfyt?    2. 
3d)  fyabe  ifyrt  nod)  ntd)t  gang*  gemad)t;  id)  arbeite  then  baran. 

3.  @§  ift  ein  fd)toere§  £I)eraa  unb  id)  toetfi  nid)t  »tel  bariiber  gu 

1  not  anything,  ttidjtS.     Observe  3  A  relation  of  mine,  thine,  his, 

that  nid)t#  is  very  commonly  used  hers,  ours,  etc.,  is  expressed  by  ettt 

as  the  negative  of  cttBttS,  as  fcttt  is  $ertoan&ter  UOtt  mix,  DOIt  tilt,  tJOtt 

the  negative  of  citt-  iljttl,  turn  Ujr,  tlOtt  tttt$,  etc. 

*  See  170,  II.  16.  *  gtUty  wholly  =  the  whole  of  it. 


96   THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  :  REFLECTIVE  VERBS. 

fdjreiben.1  4.  ©tety  einmal  biefe§  £mtenfajj;  c32  ift  beinabe 
n\d)t$  mefyr  barin;  bttte,  fd^iitte  ettoa§  STinte  fyinein.3  5.  2$o 
faufen  6te  3^r  ©emitfe  ?  6.  2$ir  faufen  e3  getoofynlid)  bet  eincm 
©emiifefyanbler  in  ber  9ttarftftra{je.  7.  Gormen  (Ste  mir  ifyn4 
(benfelben)  empfefylen  ?  8.  D  ja,  tour  finb  fefyr  jufriebcn  mit  ibjn. 
9.  ©ie  toerben  2ltfe§  bet  ifym  finben,  Sparge!,  SBIumenfofyl, 
Spinat,  (Srbfen,  S3ofynen,  alle  2lrten  $abie3d)en,  £artoffeln  u.  f. 
to.  10.  ©te  fonnen  fta)  barauf  berlaffen,  §err  unb  grau  23. 
toerben  morgen  Slbenb  nid^t  gu  S^rcr  ©cfettfd^aft  lommen.  11. 
3$  fyabe  fie  fyeute  9Jtorgen  gefefyen  unb  mit  ifynen  gefprocfyen ;  fte 
futb  betoe  fer)r  untoofyl.  12.  grew  23.  r)at  ^mn  etn  33ricfct)cn 
gefd^rieben  unb  ©ie  gebeten,  fie  gu  entfd)ulbigen ;  fyaben  ©ie 
ba^felbe  no$  nic^t  erfyalten?  13.  ^ein,  ia)  fyahz  e§  nodj  ntcr)t 
erfyalten ;  e§  tfmt  mir  fef>r  leib,  bafc  fie  untoofyl  finb.  14.  @r* 
innern  ©ie  fitfj  etne§  lleinen  ©emalbeS  fcon  Rubens  in  ber  ©amm« 
lung  be§  §errn  9?.  ?  15.  g$  erinnere  mia)  benfelben  fefyr  gut;  e§ 
fyangt  itber  ber  £btir  im  erften  gimmer.  16.  ©an$  rea^t;  ein 
grember5  fyat  \v)m  eine  bebeutenbe  6umme  bafitr  geboten,  aber  er 
mag  e§  bemfelbennid)t  fcerfaufen,  benn  er  toil!6  beinafye  bie  boppelte 
©umrne  bafitr  gegeben  fyaben.  17.  Sfteine  ©Item  toerben  ntd)t 
bloS  urn  meinettoitfen7  beforgt  fein,  fonbern8  aucfy  urn  beinettoillen. 

1  Observe  the  order.      /  know  of  the  same  verb.     Except  in  the 

not  much  upon  it  to  write  =  I  can  case  of  these  two  forms,  mtf  and 

not  write  much  tcpon  it.     Observe  bir,   the  accusative  of  a  personal 

that  tmffcit  approaches  fbnttCH  in  pronoun  precedes  the  dative, 
meaning.     So   in  other  languages  *  The  adjective  is  jremu;  hence 

of  words  meaning  to  know  and  to  substantively  used  till  ^rcmfctr,  fcer 

be  able.  %XtX((bt.         6  In  what  sense  used  ? 

*  The  pronoun  e$  is  much  used  7  The  suffix  et  is  added  to  the 

in  this  way,  serving  to  introduce  a  old  genitives  mctn,  bctlt,  fftlt,  and 

sentence,   like   our  there,  the  real  t  to  Uttfcr  CUCr,  and  ifjrer  in  compo- 

subject  coming  after  the  verb.  sition  with  fjalbctt,  ttJCpCll,  and  um-  •• 

3  Why  not  fcttritt  ?  ftriflctt,  meaning  for  the  sake,  etc. 

4  3Wir  and  foil  may  precede  or  8  "  9lbet  may  be  preceded  by  a 
follow  the  accusative  of  another  negative  sentence,  futtDct'lt  must 
personal  pronoun  when  both  the  be ;  ahtX  denotes  -concession,  fon* 
dative  and  accusative  are    objects  fccnt  contrast  and  opposition." 


THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  :    REFLECTIVE  VERBS. 


97 


171.  VOCABU 

ber  3luffaij,  composition. 
ber  33tumenfoI)t,  cauliflower. 
ber  grembe,  stranger. 
ber  ©emiifefy&nbler,  dealer  i?i 

vegetables,  green-grocer. 
ber  <Spargel,  asparagus. 
ber  ©pinat,  spinach. 

ba3  ©emiife,  vegetables. 
ba§  ^abte^en,  radish. 
ba§  Xfyema,  ///^z^. 
ba§  £mtenfajj,  inkstand. 

bie  SBotyne,  £*««. 

bie  d£xb\t,pea. 

bie  ©efedftt^aft,  company. 

bie  $artoffel,/^/<?. 

bie  ©ammlung,  collection. 

bie  Xittie,  m&. 

beforgt,  anxious,  concerned. 
fertig,  prepared,  ready. 

Cf.  bereit. 
fctmt),  foreign,  strange. 
getoofynlidj),,  usual,  usually. 
Utt'toofyl,  unwell,  poorly. 

Cf.  Irani. 

jufrieben,  contented,  satisfied. 


LARY. 

beinafye,  almost,  nearly. 

Cf.  faft. 
bIo§,  barely,  only, 
tbtn,  exactly,  just  (of  time), 
reajt,  right ;  gat^  rea^t,  quite 

right. 
fonbern,  but  (p.  96,  n.  8). 
urn  —  toiffen   (with  gen.),  for 

the  sake  of. .,  on  accoicnt  of. . 

anbieten,  bot  an,  angeboten,  to 
offer,  to  make  an  offer. 

arbeitert,  to  work,  to  toil. 

bieten,  bot,  gebotert,  to  bid,  to 
offer. 

h'xtttn,  hat,  gebeten,  to  beg,  to 
request. 

eintabert,  lub  eln,  eingelaben,  to 
invite. 

fi$  erinnem  (with  gen.),  to  re- 
member. 

entfa^ulbigert,  to  excuse. 

fyangen,  tying,  gefyangen,  to  hang 
(intrans.). 

fyineittfa)uttert,  to  pour  in  (put). 

teiten,  to  divide. 

fidty  fcerlaffen  auf  (with  ace), 
to  depend  upon. 


PARADIGMS. 

id)  fyartg  c.        toir  fyang  en.         ta)  lab  e.  toir  lab  en. 

butycrngjl.     j^^ct.           bulabft(Iabcjl).  ^f'1 

( <5te  fyang  en.  (  ©te  lab  en. 

er  fyang  t.        fie  fyang  en.          er  lab  t  (lab  et).  fie  lab  en. 


98   THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  l    REFLECTIVE  VERBS. 

1  72.  Examine  the  following  sentences: 

1.  2Sie  gefdUt  3fynen  mem  §unb?    @§  ift  em  fd^oner  §unb. 

2.  SSeffen  §ut  ift  ba§  ?    @§  ift  ber  meinige. 

3.  £)ie3  ift  meirte  ,3^1*9/  tn^s  &  my  newspaper. 

4.  €>inb  bie§  3fyre  23ritber?   Are  these  your  brothers! 

5.  28a§  ift  3^e  ^eirtung  ?    ^#/  is  your  opifiion  t 

1  73.  Observe  that  a  pronoun  is  put  in  the  neuter  singular  as  the 
subject  of  the  verb  fettt,  whatever  be  the  number  or  gender  of  the  pre- 
dicate noun,  or  possessive  substantive  pronoun,  to  which  it  refers. 

1 74.  SUtf  ga&c. 

[In  the  following  exercise  read  aloud  each  sentence  as  it  stands,  then 
for  the  pronoun  with  letters  spaced,  substitute  successively,  in  the  same 
case,  all  the  persons  singular  and  plural.] 

I.  1.  SDer  §imb  fyat  micfy  gebiffen;  ber  §unb  fyat  bi$ 
gebiffen.  2.  Urfer  Dnfel  fyat  mir  einen  golbenen  ^ing  gum 
©ef4>enf  gemad;t ;  imf er  Dnfel  fyat  b  i  r  einen  golbenen  Sftng  gum 
©efdjen!  gemadjit.  3.  3)er  alte  5Rann  erinnert  fid;  meiner 
nicfyt  mefyr ;  ber  atte  SRann  erinnert  fia)  b  e  i  n  e  r  nicf)t  mefyr. 
4.  @r  fyat  e§  meinetroegen  getfyan;  er  fyat  e§  beinet* 
meg  en  getfyan.  5.  3  a)  Iteibe  mi$  rafcfyan;  b u  fletbeft  b i  a) 
rafd)  an;  er  fleibet  fia)  rafa)  an.  6.  3 a)  toafcfye  mir  ba3 
©eficfyt;  bu  roafd)eft  bir  ba§  ©efi$t.  7.  @r  bittet  mi$  urn 
SSergeifyung.  8.  9Jkin  better  hat  mir  einen  Scaler  bafiir 
geboten.  9.  (Scr)iitte  (giefje)  mir  ein  menig  Sinte  in  me  in 
£intenfa&fyinem.  10.  SSie  fcbmecft  bir  biefer^ee?  11.  3$ 
fyahz  tyn  (benfelben)  fiir  btdj>  ge!auft.  12.  3  cf)  barf  mi  a) 
auf  m  ein  en  Wiener  fcerlaffen.  13.  3$  fd)meid)Ie  mir  mit 
ber  £offnung,  mi  a)  belolmt  gu  fefyen.  14.  3$  tounfd&e  bir 
©liid  gu  beinem  ©eburtstag.  15.  3$  fyaU  mir  beinet* 
meg  en  -IRulje  gegeben  (bu  fyaft  bir  feinetroegen).  16.  3$ 
freue  mi  a;  beinetfyalben. 


THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  I  REFLECTIVE  VERBS.    99 

II.  1.  How  do  you  like  our  town?  2.  I  like  it  very 
much,  it  *  is  a  pretty  town ;  I  find  you  have  large  public 
gardens  here ;  to  whom  do  they  belong  ?  3.  They  belong 
to  the  duke,  but  everybody  may 2  go  in ;  I  take  a  walk  in 
them  every  morning  after  breakfast.  4.  Do  you  remember 
the  beautiful  garden  in  Schwetzingen  near  Heidelberg?  5.  I 
remember  it  very  well ;  I  have  seen  it  twice,  once  with  you 
and  once  with  a  cousin  of  mine.  6.  And  do  you  also 
remember  the  amiable  stranger  at 3  the  hotel  ?  7.  I  remember 
him  as  well  as  his  son.  8.  Have  you  written  your  exercise 
with  this  pen?  9.  Yes,  but  it  is  not  good ;  all  these  pens  are 
too  soft,  I  cannot  write  with  them.  10.  Can  you  give  me 
some  others?  11.  Just  open  this  little  box,  you  will  find  some 
good  ones  in  it.  12.  I  bought  a  large  quantity  in  the  sale  of 
yesterday. 

13.  Just  go  and  see  what  is  lying4  on  the  table  in  the  arbor. 
14.  I  know ;  apples,  pears,  and  nuts  are  lying  on  it ;  but  I  do 
not  know  who6  has  put  them  there.6  15.  Well,  John,  I  find 
you  are  still  in  bed,  and  it.  is  nearly  half  past  eight  o'clock.7 
16.  The  sun- is  already  high  in  the  heavens,8  and  it  will  soon 
shine  in  your  sleepy  eyes.9  17.  Where  is  your  watch? 
18.  Just  show  it  to  me.  19.  It  is  in  that  drawer;  please 
open  it,  you  will  find  it  in  it.  20.  Get  up  directly,  and  wash 
and  dress  yourself  quickly ;  a  fellow-pupil  of  yours  is  already 
waiting  for  you  below.  21.  My  dear  boys,  your  master 
cannot  give  you  a  holiday  to-day ;  you  have  not  done  your 
lessons. 


1  Not  fie  but  c3.     Why  is  this  ?  tence.     Would  it,  if  the  sentence 

2  may  =  is  allowed  to.  were  not  dependent  ? 

3  in,  with  what  case  ?  P.  72,  n.  4.  6  Not  &a  but  fcaljm.     Why  ? 

4  The  verb  at  the  end  of  the  sen-  7  fjttlfe  ItCUIt.     See  181. 
tence.     See  the  next  note.                           8  flllt  §tttttttCl. 

5  SSct    requires    the    auxiliary  fl  Say,  for  you  in  the  sleepy  eyes- 
(Ijttt)  to  be  placed  last  in  the  sen- 


100    THE  PERSONAL  PRONOUNS  l    REFLECTIVE  VERBS. 


175. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  geiertag,  holiday. 
ber  §er£0(L  duke. 
jebermann,  everyone. 
ber  9JJitf  filler,  fellow-pupil. 
ber  -Jftonb,  moon. 
ber  Sc^Iaf,  sleep. 

bie  §offnung,  hope. 

bie  $ifte,  fo*.  Cf.  bie©d;ad>tel. 

bie  $utfd;e,  <r<?tf<:/&. 

bie  3Jliit)e,  pains,  trouble. 

bie  IQuantitat,  quantity. 

bie  (Sonne,  j"««. 

bie  Ufyr,  <r/(f?^. 

bie  33erfteigerung,  sale,  auction. 

beloljmt,  rewarded. 
geftrig,  yesterday's,  of  yester- 
day (167,  2). 
offentlicf),  public. 
raf$,  quick,  speedy. 
fd)lafrig,  sdeepy. 
toeia;,  soft. 

bei  (prep,  with  dat.),  by,  at, 

near,  with. 
fer)r  gut,  very  well. 


ftt^nell,  quickly.    Cf.  rafdt). 
fogteidf),  directly. 
f o  toofyl  al3  aud),  #.r  k/*//  as. 
unten,  /fokw. 

einmal,  0#^. 
gtoeimal,  twice. 
brehnal,  three  times. 
gtoanjigmal,  twenty  times. 

fid)  anfleiben,  to  dress  oneself. 
einen  urn  SBerjeifyung  hittin,  to 

beg  one's  pardon. 
gef alien  (with  dat.),  to  please; 

e§  geftitlt  tmr,  7Y/&-  it. 
gefyoren  (with  dat.),  to  belong. 
legen,  lay,  put,  place. 
liegen,  lag,  gelegen  to  lie 
fajeinen,  fd)ien,  gefdjienen,  A. 

shine;  appear. 
fcfymeden,  to  taste.  Cf.  fa^mac?* 

fdnueia^eln  (with  dat.),  to 

flatter. 
ftmrten  auf  einen,  wait  for  one. 
toafcfyen  fid),  toufd),  getoafajen, 

to  wash  oneself. 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE.  101 


Suttfjeljttte  Settiott. 

176.  THE  AUXILIARIES  OF  MODE. 

[Review  78,  79,  and  82.] 

$er  $nafce  Ijut  feme  Hufosle  fiit  tie  ©djule  letnen  fottett, 
nbtx  tt  tft  ju  trfige  getiiefett  unii  Ijat  mdjt  getaioUt ;  am  (Smbe 
iebodj  Ijat  er  fie  letnen  muffen. 

The  boy  was  to  have  learnt  (was  told  to  learn)  his  lesson 
for  the  school,  but  he  was  too  lazy  and  did  not  wish  to  ;  in 
the  end,  however,  he  was  obliged  to  learn  it. 

177.  The  forms  of  the  perfect  tense  of  foflcn,  toodcn,  and  ntiiffctt 

are:  id)  fjalie  gefoHt;  id)  Ijaue  gctooflt;  id)  Ijaue  Gcntnjjt.    But  when  an 

infinitive  of  another  verb  is  used  with  the  perfect  of  f oflf It,  tooflcit,  and 
ntiiffctl,  then  the  perfects  are:  id)  Ijaue  —  fottcn;  id)  IJOUC  —  ttJOflCtt;  \§ 
Ijaue —  muffen.  Show  how  this  remark  is  illustrated  in  the  model 
sentence.     See  also  183,  4. 

178.  SUufga&e. 

[In  turning  the  following  Exercise  into  German,  use  the  perfect  of 
foflcn,  toolkit,  ntUffcn,  wherever  the  main  verb  is  a  past  tense.  Hence 
cast  mentally  such  sentences  as,  the  boys  were  to  have  le&rned  their 
lessons,  into  the  form,  the  boys  have  —  ought,  etc.] 

I.  1.  We  must  learn  our  lesson  for  the  school.  2.  We 
are  to  learn  our  lesson  this  evening.  3.  They  will  learn 
theirs  now.  4.  We  shall  learn  our  lesson  directly.  5.  Are 
not  you  to  learn  a  piece  of  poetry  ?  6.  Yes,  I  am  to  learn  it 
by  heart.     7.  Why  will  he  not  learn  his  piece  of  poetry? 

8.  He  is  lazy,  but  in  the  end  he  will  be  obliged  to  learn  it. 

9.  My  brother  must  go  to  school  to-morrow,  and  must  there- 
fore learn  his  lesson  to-day.     10.   She  will  rather  go  to  school,1 

1  to  school,  in  tote  Sdjnle;  at  school,  in  fcer  6d)ule- 


102  THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 

than  stay  at  home,1  but  her  brother  prefers  to 2  stay  at  home 
and  play.  11.  The  boys  were  to  have  learnt  their  lessons, 
but  they  were  too  lazy  and  would  not ;  in  the  end,  however, 
they  were  obliged  to  learn  them.  12.  They  were  to  have 
learnt  pieces  of  poetry  by  heart,  but  they  did  not  wish  to. 
13.  You  were  in  the  end  obliged  to  learn  yours.  14.  What 
did  they  wish  to  do?  15.  They  wished  to  play  and  not  to 
learn.  16.  What  was  she  to  do  ?  17.  She  was  to  remain  at 
home  and  learn  her  poetry  by  heart.  18.  We  wished  to  go 
to  school,  but  we  have  been  obliged  to  remain  at  home.  19. 
You  are  a  lazy  boy,  Charles,  you  will  be  obliged  to  remain 
at  school.  20.  Why  did  he  not  wish  to  learn  his  lesson? 
21.  What  was  she  obliged  to  learn  at  last  ? 

II.  1.  9fletne  ©cfjmefter  foil  einen  2Iuffcr|  frfjreiben,  aber  fie  tft 
trage  unb  au$  em  roenig  etgenfinnig ;  fie  fagt,  er  tft  gu  farmer, 
ia)  fann  tyn  nta;t  madden ;  aber  ia)  glaube,  fie  totE  iticfyt.  2. 
Wltxn  SBruber  Ijat  einen  franjofifdjen  Sluffalj  fa^reibcn  foEert,  aber 
er  berftefyt  nod;  rttd;t  frangofifcr)  genug.  3.  ©oil  ber  $nabe  feme 
2lufgabe  jeijt  lerrten,  ober  fyeute  SIbenb  ?  4.  ^etn,  er  foil  fie  jei^t 
glcia)  lernen ;  fonft  nrirb  er  fcergeffen  fie  §u  lernen  unb  roirb  morgen 
mieber  nad;  ben  (Sajulftunben  in  ber  <Sdmle  bleiben  miiffen.  5. 
■Stein  Itebe§  $mb,  biefe  Slufgabe  ift  fefyr  fcl)lecr)t  gefa^rieben,  bu 
mujjt  fie  noa;  einmal  abfa;retben;  bu  mirft  aua;  beine  beuifcfye 
tiberfeijung  noa;  einmal  fcfyreiben  miiffen,  benn  e'£  finb  ^u  btele 
gefyler  barin.  6.  SBir  fyahzn  biefen  SUtorgen  33riefe  fdfjretben 
follcn;  aber  hnr  i)ahm  nur  fel>r  }a;le$te  gebern  unb  meber 
papier  noa;  £inte  gefyabt. 

7.  9Jleme  ©a;roefter  v)at  un§  ©ajreibmaterialien  bringen  follen, 
aber  fie  fa^etnt  e§  fcergeffen  gu  Ijaben.  8.  ©tnb  Sfyre  Goufinen 
geftern  Slbenb  auf  bem  33aE  gemefen  ?  9.  2)ie  armen  9)iaba;en 
fyabcn  eme  Gtnlabung  gefyabt  unb  fyahzn  natiirlicr)  gefyen  woEen ; 
aber  bie  beftellte  $utf$e  ift  nicbt  gefommen,  r/tb  e3  fyat  fefyr 

1  at  home,  ju  §ailfc.  2  prefers  to  =  will  rather.  . 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


103 


ftar!  geregnet ;  fie  fyahtn  alfo  $u  tyrem  grojjen  Srger  gu  §aufe 
bletben  tniiffen.  10.  ga)  fyaBe  fyeute  5Dlorgcn  einen  23ern>anbten 
oon  tnir  befua^en  foUen,  after  ity  bin  untoofyl  getoefen.  11.  ^^ 
fyabe  tym  bet  feiner  Arbeit  gefyolfen.  12.  3$  ^a^  tyro  fcinc 
SIrbeit  madden  fyelfen.1  13.  @r  fyat  ba§  Suty  in  bem  gimmer  ge* 
laffen.  14.  @r  fyat  ba§  23na)  in  bem  .Simmer  Kcgen  Ioffen. 
15.  SSer  $ai  <5ie  fo  frity  aufftefyen  fyeijsen?  16.  3Str  §aUn 
einen  §afen  iiber  ba§  $elb  laufen  fefyen.  17.  graulein  Wl.  fingt 
fet)r  fcfyon ;  fyaft  bu  fie  fd;on  fingen  fyoren  ?  18.  £)te  ftetne  $aro= 
line  ift  eigenfinnig  getoefen ;  fie  fyat  ein  ©ebicfyt  nicfyt  augmenbig 
lernen  tootten,  unb  l)at  bejjtoegen  $u  §aufe  bleiben  miiffen. 


179. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  Srger,  vexation. 
ber  ^efyler,  mistake. 

bie  (Sonfine,  cousin  (female). 

Cf.  bie  Safe, 
bie  ©inlabung,  invitation. 
bie  iXberfe^ung,  translation. 

ba§   ©ebid;t,    poem,  piece  of 

poetry. 
ba§  ©djreibmateriat  (pi.  -ien), 

writing  material. 

au^toenbig,  without  the  book, 

by  heart. 
beftetti,  ordered. 
eigenfinnig,  obstinate. 
naiiirlid),  natural,  naturally. 
fd)le$t,  bad,  badly. 
alfo,  accordingly. 


al§,  when;  than. 

be^toegen,  therefore. 

genug,  enough. 

lieber,  by  preference,  rather. 

nocfy  einmal,  once  more,  again. 

fonft,  else,  otherwise. 

to  eb  er  —  no  <fy,  neither — nor. 

abfcfyreiben,  fcfyrieb  dbf  abge* 

fa^rieben,  to  copy. 
aufftefyen,  ftanb  auf,  aufgeftaits 

ben,  to  stand  ope?i ;  to  rise. 
r)ei^en,  fytejj,  gefyeifjen,  to  call, 

to  bid. 
lefyren,  to  teach. 
lernen,  to  learn. 
regnen,  to  rain. 
oerftefyen,  oerftanb,  oerftanben, 

to  understand. 


1  The  past  participle  of  the  com- 
pound tenses  of  the  verbs  Ijet&Ctt, 

jjelfen,  Dbrcn,  laffen,  fcfjen,  some- 
times also  of  letjrcn  and  Icnten 


is  changed  into  the  infinitive,  when 
it  is  preceded  by  another  infinitive, 
just  as  with  the  auxiliary  verbs  of 
mode.     See  177. 


104  THE    AUXILIARIES    OF   MODE. 


180.  2lufgafcc. 

[The  pupil  is  advised  always  to  read  over  two  or  three  times  the 
vocabulary  following  the  exercise  in  English,  before  attempting  to  turn 
the  sentences  into  German.] 

1.  The  poor  boy  has  been  obliged  to  walk  the  whole  way.1 
2.  Why  did  he  not  come  by2  the  train?  3.  His  parents 
wanted  to  save  the  money.  4.  Why  do  you  come  so  late  to- 
day? 5.  The  train  arrived  only  at  half  past  12  ;  it  was  to  have 
started  at  a  quarter  to  1 1,  but  it  did  not  start  till  10  minutes  or 
a  quarter  past  11.  6.  At  what  o'clock  shall  you  call  upon  your 
uncle  to-day?  7.  I  am  to  be  at  his  house  a  little  (em  roema.) 
before  2  ;  my  sister  was  to  have  gone  with  me,  but  she  has  the 
toothache  and  must  remain  at  home.3  8.  I  am  sorry  to  hear 
that ;  I  wished  to  call  upon  her  yesterday,  but  I  did  not  go  out ; 
I  shall,  however,  certainly  call  upon  her  to-day.  9.  It  is  half 
past  8  o'clock.  10.  I  beg  your  pardon  ;  I  think  it  can  be  no 
more  than  a  quarter  to  8.  11.  I  think  the  train  starts 
at  ten  minutes  before  3.  12.  When  will  they  return?  13. 
Toward  the 4  end  of  August 5  or  the 4  beginning  of  September.5 

14.  When  will  your  brothers  and  sisters  go  into  the  country6? 

15.  They  were  to  have  gone  in  the  spring,  but  it  was  too  cold 
then ;  now  they  are  to  go  in  June  or  July,  and  to  remain  till 
autumn. 

16.  Tell  Edward,  he  is  not  to  take  a7  walk,  for  it  will  rain. 
17.  I  have  told  him  already;  he  is  very  sorry.  18.  Mr.  G. 
has  been  obliged  to  sell  his  carriage  and  his  horses,  and  I  am 
afraid  he  will  be  obliged  to  sell  his  beautiful  furniture  also,  and 


1  Use  the  accusative.  months  after  a  numeral  designating 

2  Use  mit.  the  day. 

3  See  page  102,  note  1.  6  See  page  86,  II.  1,  and  note  7. 

4  Omit  the  article.  Combine  the  article  with  the  pre- 

5  The  genitive  ending  is  omitted.  position. 

So    always   of  the  names   of  the  '  See  page  95,  note  1. 


'  "  ^■**«*wk  •  III    ■■  I L     ,,.J 


_ 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


CM 


to  go  to1  a  small  house.  19.  I  am  very  sorry  for  him2;  he 
has  always  been  an  honest  man.  20.  His  cousin  is  to  take  a 
walk  or  -a  ride  on  horseback  every  morning.  21.  Shall  you 
take  a  drive  this  evening  ?  22.  No,  we  shall  take  a  ride  this 
afternoon ;  we  did  wish  to  take  a  ride  this  morning,  but  it 
rained  a  little.  23.  Will  your  nephews  take  a  drive  or  a  ride 
with  their  friends  ?  24.  They  prefer  a  ride,  but  I  prefer  a 
walk.  25.  Will  you  help  me3  to  do4  my  sums.  26.  I  must 
not  help  you  any  more  ;  I  have  already  helped 5  you  to  write 
your  composition.     27.  He  made  my  parents  laugh  very  much.6 


181. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  3cmuar,  January. 

ber  gebruar,  February. 

ber  5Rdrj,  March. 

ber  Sfyril',  April. 

ber  9M,  May. 

ber  %\\xi\,June. 

ber  %vX\,July. 

ber  2luguft',  August. 

ber  (September,  September. 

ber  Dftober,  October. 

ber  Sftofcember,  November. 

ber  December,  December. 

ber  Slnfang,  beginning. 
ber  jiBafynfyof,  railway-station. 
bie  ©Item,  parents. 
bie    ©efcfyftjtfter,   brothers   and 
sisters. 


ber  ^Jto'nat,  month. 
ber  ©pagtergancj,  walk,  prome- 
nade. 
ber  ©pajier'rttt,  ride. 
ber  SSagert,  the  wagon,  carriage. 
ber  28  eg,  way. 
ber  ^ug,  the  train. 

bie  ©pa^ter'fafyrt,  dfaV*. 
bie  SIftvriu'te,  minute. 

ba3  SSiertel,  quarter. 

trft, first;  not  till,  only  (of  time), 
gegen  (prep,  with  ace),  against. 
geftnjj,  certainly. 
leib,  j^rry ;  e§  tr)ut  mvr  leib,  7 

##*  sorry ;  er  tfyut  tmr  leib, 

/  <z#z  sorry  for  him. 


1  What  does  fe  mean  here  ? 

2  yj?r  him,  itttt  tfjlt.  The  sentence 
may  be  turned  another  way,  having 
tt  as  subject. 

8  Not  accusative. 


*  mttdjen. 

6  Read  again  note  1,  page  103. 

6  tnuch,  bid;  very  much,  feljf 
tltcl,  both  of  quantity ;  but  f eljr,  of 
degree. 


106 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


nicfyt  mefyr,  not  any  more.  einen  befudfyen,  to  call  on  one, 

nur,  only  (of  number  or  quan-  make  one  a  visit. 

tity).     Cf .  erft.  gefyen,  511  guj$  gefyen  (f .),to  walk. 

fpat, late /  f^citer,  later.  Oppos.  lati^en,  to  laugh.     Cf.  lacfyeln, 

friib.  to  jw//^. 

bor  (prep,  with  dat.  and  ace),  einen  ©^ajterrttt  madden,  to  take 

before.  a  ride  on  horseback. 

abfafyren  naa) . .,  fufyr  ah,  ah=  6nz<5pa%kx\a\)xtmaa)zn,totake 

gefafyren  (f.),  ^  start  for..  a  drive. 


abgefyen  naa) .  .,  ging  ab,  ab= 
gegangen  (f.), to  start  for . . 

anfommen,  lam  an,  ange* 
fommen  (f.),  to  arrive. 

au§gefyen,    ging    au§,    au3ge= 
gangen  (f .),  A?  £»  0^/. 


bet  einem  toorfyredhen,  to  call  on 

one. 
borgiefyen,  503  bor,  borge^ogen 
.  to  prefer. 

^urudfommen,   lam  luxixd,  %m 
riiefgefommen  (f.),  to  return. 


h)te  btel  Ufyr  ift  e§  ?  0/^0/  <?Vto<:£  &  /*//  what  is  the  time  of  'day  t 
e§  tft  ^elm  Uhr,  it  is  ten  o'clock  ;  e$  tft  ein  Ubr,  it  is  one  o'clock. 
e§  tft  gebtt  Sftinuten  naa;  gehn  Ufyr,  it  is  ten  minutes  after  ten  o'clock. 
em  SSiertet  auf  ^efm  Ufyr,  a  quarter  after  nine  o'clock. 
em  SStcrtel  auf  elf  Xtfyr,  a  quarter  after  ten  o'clock.    (Literally,  a 

quarter  towards  eleven  o'clock?) 
fyalb  elf,  half  past  ten  ;  fyalb  ein  lXr)r,  half  past  twelve. 
brei  SStertel  auf  elf,  ein  SSiertel  bor  elf,  a  quarter  to  eleven. 


geimfeljr.1 

Dbrtcf)md)t,@teg!  £)u  jitterfi  fefir ! 
O   ftiirj'   nidjt,   gels!    bu  braueft 

fcfiroer. 
SBett,  gel)'  nidjt  unter,  '^rimmel,  fall' 

nid)t  ein, 
(§&'  id)  mag  bet  ber  £iebften  fetn. 

U^Ianb. 


The  Journey  Home. 

O  break  not,  bridge,  that  tremblest 

so! 
O  fall  not,  rock  that  threat'nest  woe ! 
Earth,  sink  not  down ;  thou,  Heav'n 

abide 
Until  I  reach  my  loved  one's  side  I 

W.  W.  Skeat. 


1  When  this  little  poem  has  been      should  commit  it  and  the  translation 
explained  by  the  teacher,  the  pupils      perfectly  to  memory. 


THE   AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE.  107 


<Scdj$el)ttte  geWton. 

182.  THE   AUXILIARIES   OF    MODE. 

[For  the  full  inflection  of  these  verbs,  see  383-388.] 

Sftein  23ruber  grty  Ijat  Ijeute  fcinen  ncuen  §ut  nt^t  auf* 
fetyen  biirfett,  toetl  c§  fo  toiniu&  ift ;  tntb  idj  Ijabe  ben  meutigen 
itidjt  auffefyen  wbgett,  toetf  ber  2Binb  mtr  Ujn  gejterit  bom  (ban 
tern)  $o}>f  geMafen  |*t,  fa  bafe  idj  tfjit  faum  totcbe*  Ijaue 
faitfleit  fonncn. 

My  brother  Fred  has  not  been  allowed  to  put  his  new  hat 
on  to-day,  because  it  is  so  windy ;  and  I  did  not  like  to  put 
mine  on,  because  the  wind  blew  it  off  my  head  yesterday,  so 
that  I  could  scarcely  catch  it  again. 

183.  1.  Observe  the  order  of  the  words  in  the  first  clause.  Observe 
that  the  conjunctions  ttJCll  and  tlll&,  with  certain  others,  remove  the  verb 
to  the  end  of  the  clause.  In  the  case  of  compound  forms  —  a  participle 
and  an  auxiliary  —  the  auxiliary  comes  last. 

2.  Observe  the  order  in  the  last  clause.  If,  in  a  dependent  clause, 
an  auxiliary  (IjallClt,  few,  UJCrfoCtt)  occurs  with  two  infinitives,  the  auxi- 
liary immediately  precedes  the  infinitives, 

3.  Observe  and  imitate  the  expression  mtr  feOlt  tlCttt  &0pi,  instead  of 
tJOtt  metnCItt  ®0j)f,  which  would  also  be  correct.  This  use  of  the  dative 
of  a  personal  pronoun  and  the  definite  article,  in  place  of  a  possessive 
adjective  pronoun,  the  usual  form  of  expression  in  English,  is  extremely 
common  in  German,  when  parts  of  the  body  or  of  the  dress  are  spoken 
of.  On  this  use  of  the  article,  see  87,  2,  and  note  1.  The  Latin  has  no 
article.  But  compare  asino  dorsum  verberant,  they  beat  the  ass's  back; 
as  well  as  asini  dorsum  verberant. 

4.  The  perfect  participles  of  fcitrfctt,  tttOgCIt  and  fonilCtt  are  gelWrft, 
flemotfjt,  gefonnt.  As  to  the  forms  of  the  perfect,  the  remarks  of  177 
are  applicable  to  these  verbs. 


108  THE   AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 

184.  The  Perfect  Tense  of  the  Modal  Auxiliaries. 

id)  fyabe  gefollt.  id)  fyabe  (lemen)  foil  en. 

id)  fyabe  ge  it)oH  t.  id)  fyabe  (lernen)  molt  en. 

id)  fyabe  ge  mujj 1.  id)  fyabt  (lemen)  muff  en. 

id)  F>abe  ge  burf  i.  id)  fyabe  (lernen)  biirf  en. 

id)  babe  ge  mod?  t.  id)  f)abt  (lernen)  mog  en. 

id)  fyabe  ge  fonn  t.  i$  fyabe  (lernen)  fonn  en. 

185.  The  inflection  and  use  of  the  possessive  pronouns  employed 
substantively,  that  is  without  a  noun,  has  been  illustrated.  See  68  and 
71.  In  place  of  the  simple  pronouns,  we  may  have  fcet,  &te,  bll$  lUCtnigc, 
etc.,  as  given  below: 

ber,  bie,  ba§  mein  igc,  or,  metner,  tneine/  metneS,  mine. 


beinige, 

feinige, 

i^rige, 

unfrige, 

eur  ige 

Sbuge 

tbrigc 


beiner,  betne,  beine3,  thi?ie. 
feiner,  feme,  feineS,  Ais,  its. 
ifyrer,  tfyre,  il)reg,  hers. 
unferer,  unfere,  unfere3,  ours. 
euerer,  euere,  euereS,  yours. 
Sfyrer,  g$re,  2#re§,  yours. 
ifyrer,  ifyre,  tr)re§,  theirs. 


186.  Slttfga&c. 

I.  1.  I  must  not  (am  not  allowed  to)  put ■  my  new  hat  on, 
and  he  must  not  put  his  on.  2.  Why  must  he  not  put  his  hat 
on?  3.  It  is  so  windy  —  because  it  is  so  windy.  4.  Why 
have  you  not  put  your  new  hat  on  ?  5.  I  have  not  been 
allowed  to  —  because  I  have  not  been  allowed  to.  6.  I  have 
not  been  allowed2  to  put  it  on,  because  it  rains.  7.  You  have 
not  put 3  your  new  coat  on  ;  why  not  ?  8.  I  did  not  like  to 
—  because  I  did  not  like  to;  I  did  not  like  to  put  it  on  — 


1  Use  auffefcen.  *  Use  anjicljen.    Cf.  later  in 

*  Is  this  expressed  by  the  par-  this  exercise  the  use  of  abjte^en 

ticiple  or  the  infinitive  form  ?    See  and  QU^Uchcil- 

177. 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE.  109 

because  I  did  not  like  to  put  it  on.1  9.  We  cannot  put 2  our 
new  shoes  on,  they  have 3  not  come  yet  —  because  they  have 
not  come  yet.  10.  Why  have  not  your  sisters  put  their  new 
shoes  on?  11.  They  have  not  been  able  to  —  because  they 
have  not  been  able  to ;  they  have  not  been  able  to  put  them 
on  —  because  they  have  not  been  able  to  put1  them  on,  they 
are  much  too  small.  12.  My  new  hat  is  so  small,  that  I  have 
not  been  able  to  put  it  on  —  that  I  shall  not  be  able  to  put  it 
on4  my  head. 

13.  I  have  not  been  allowed  to  put  on  my  new  coat. 
14.  Why  have  you  not  been  allowed  to  put  it  on  ?  15. 
Because  it  does  not  fit  me.  16.  It  fits  me  so  badly,  that  I 
cannot  put  it  on  —  that  I  have  not  been  able  to  put  it  on. 
17.  Why  have  you  not  put  on  your  new  boots  ?  18.  They  fit 
me  so  badly  that  I  shall  not  be  able  to  put  them  on.  19. 
Why  does  she  take  off 5  her  shoes  ?  20.  Because  they  are 
wet.  21.  Because  her  shoes  are  wet,  she  must6  take  them 
off.  22.  Because  it  rained  a  little,  my  sister  did  not  like  to 
put  on  her  new  bonnet.  23.  The  wind  has  blown  his  hat 
from  his  head,  and  he  has  scarcely  been  able  to  catch  it 
again.  24.  It  has  blown  mine  from  my  head,  so  that  I  have 
scarcely  been  able  to  catch  it  again.  25.  Fred  did  not  like 
to  put  on  his  hat  to-day,  because  it  is  quite  new,  and  the 
wind  blew  his  old  one  from  his  head  yesterday. 

[As  you  read  the  following  exercise,  notice  carefully  the  order.  If 
possible,  always  read  the  German  exercise  aloud  in  private  study.] 

II.    1*3$  ton  metnen  Sftocf  ntcfyt  an^tetyen;  ber  ©dnteiber 


1  The  verbs  massed  at  the  end.  s  As  (MS  in  HUSjteljett  is  a  sepa- 
See  183,  2.     Compare  195.  rable  prefix,  it  comes  at  the  end. 

2  See  note  3,  page  108.  6  Whenever  the  dependent  clause 

3  With  what  auxiliary  is  fom»  precedes  the  principal,   the  latter 
mCtt  conjugated  ?  must  begin  with  the  verb,  or  with 

4  Be  mindful  of  the  order.  fo  followed  by  the  verb. 


110  THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 

fyat  tfm  mir1  gu  eng  gemaa^t.  2.  2Barum  fyaft  bu  fyeute  beine 
toeijjen  Seinfleiber  ni$t  cmgiefyen  biirfcn?  3.  28eil  i$  geftern 
auf  bem  <3pielpla£  gefaHen  bin  unb  fie  fd)tnui$tg  gemad)t  Ijabe. 
4.  3fyre  Sante  fyat  iljr  ein  fd;one§  feibeneS  $leib  gum  ©efd;enf 
gemadit ;  aber  fie  bat  e§  Ijeuie  nid>t  anjiefyen  mogcn,  roeil  e§  fo 
ftarf  regnet.  5.  9iimm2  beinen  ^egenfa^irm  nut,  benn  e§  rnirb 
fyeute  nod;  regnen.  6.  2Benn  bie  (Sonne  fcfyemt,  mufct  bu  beinen 
©onnenfcfyirm  mitnefymen ;  fyalte  t$n  aber3  feft,  fonft  blaft  ibn  ber 
2Binb 4  fort ;  er  ^at  geftern  aud;  ben  meinigen  (meinen)  beinafye 
fortgeblafcn.  7.  3ft  ba§5  bctn  ^egenfa^irm  ober  ifyrer  (ber 
ifyrige)?  8.  ©3  ift  roeber  meiner,  nod?  ifyrer,  fonbern  e§5  ift 
feiner ;  meinen  (ben  meinigen)  roerben  Sie  im  anbern  3immer 
Winter  ber  £biire  finben.  9.  ©inb  ba§6  beine  ©$utye  ober  bie6 
beiner  ©djioefter?  10.  @§  finb  ifyre;  bie  meinigen  finb  nod) 
bei  bem  <3dnu;mad)er ;  ta;  babe  fie  f$on  oor  oier^eljm  £agen  be= 
ftettt,  fie  finb  aber  no$  immer  nid&t  gefommen.  11.  @r  fyatmtr 
and)  ein  $aar  $antoffeln  maa^en  follen,  aber  id)  roerbe  fie  ab= 
befteUen. 

12.  Sfteine  ©Item  fyaben  fyeute  9fa$mittag  eine  ©pa^ierfafyrt 
nad;  31.  gemaa^t ;  aber  id)  Ijabe  niajt  mitfafyren  biirfen,  toeil  id* 
fyeute  Sftorgen  nad)  ber  ©dmle  eine  ©trafaufgabe  fyahe  fd^retben 
miiffen.  13.  Unb  ioarum  fyaft  bu  eine  ©trafauf gabe  befommen  ? 
14.  2Beil  id)  meine  corrigierte  beutfa^e  Uberfei3ung  nicfyt  ofme 
getter  fyabe  fagen  fonnen.  15.  Unfer  Sefyrer  fagt  un§  immer: 
2Benn  eine  Slufgabe  corrigiert  ift,  mitfjt7  il;r  fie  fo  gut  Icmen,  bag 
ifyr  fte  oljme  gefyler  unb  ofyne  ©toden  au§  bem  (Snglifcfyen  in§ 
£)eutf$e  unb  umgefefyrt  au§  bem  £)eutf$en  in§  Gmglifd^e  liber* 
fe^en  fount.     16.   SBenn  <Sie  nad?  §aufe  gefyen,  nefymen  <2te 

1  Observe  the  order,  and  see  when  the  normal  order  of  subject 
page  96,  note  4.  and   verb  has  been  inverted,  the 

2  Imperative  from  ncfymCtt-  subject  has  immediately  followed 

3  Notice  that  al)Ct  is  not  always  the  verb. 

placed     first.      So    our    however.  5  See  172  and  173. 

What  of  autem  in  Latin  ?  6  See  77,  I.  11,  and  note. 

4  Observe  the  order;    hitherto  *  See  page  109,  note  6. 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


Ill 


bod)  2#rer  3raul  ^hrtter  unb  !J$rer  Srau^nl  ©c^toefter  biefe 
Sfofen  trtit.  17.  SSarum  fyaben  ©te  3#ren  SBruber  nicfyt  mU 
gebracfyt?  18.  @r  fyat  ntd^t  mitlommen  toollen.  19.  £)u  fyaft 
ein  3Jteffer  in  ber  §anb  unb  ftnelft  toafyrenb  be§  Unterrt$t§; 
ftecfe  e3  in  bie  £af$e,  fonft  nefyme2  icfy  e§  toeg.  20.  2Bei§t  bu 
ana?,  baft  bein  §unb  ntir  ben  Rod  jerriffen  ^ait  21.  @£  tfyut 
mir  leib  ba§  gu  fyoren. 


187. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  Qui,  hat,  bonnet. 

ber  ^antoffel,  slipper ;  pi.  bie 

SPantoffeln. 
ber  ©$!ra%/i/M,  */*>/. 
ber  Unterria^t,  instruction. 

bie  Seibe,  «'/£. 

bie  ©trafaufgabe,  te£. 

bie  %tf$ttpotket, 

ba§  Stocfen,  stopping,  hesita- 
tion. 

bie  33einf  leiber,  §ofen,  tro7users. 

eng  (enge),  //^/,  narrow. 
feiben,  of  silk. 
fa;mut}ig,  dftr/y. 
ftarl,  strong,  violent. 
boll  (boiler), /z///. 
toiUfom'men,  welcome. 

beinafye,  almost.    Cf.  faft. 
fyinter  (prep,   with   dat.   and 
ace),  behind. 


umgefefyrt,  turned  round,  vice 

versa. 
toafyrenb    (prep,    with  gen.), 

duritig. 

abnel)men,  nal>m  ah,  abgenom* 

men,  to  take  off. 
ab^iefyen,  jog  ab,  abge^ogen,  to 

draw  off. 
abbeftellen,  to  countermand. 
an^iefyen,  gog  an,  ange^ogen,  to 

put  on,  draw  on. 
au3§ielj>en,  gog  av&,  auSgegogen, 

to  draw  off,  pull  off. 
BefteUen,  to  order,  send  for. 
corrigxe'ren,  to  correct. 
fallen,  fiel,  gefaEen  (f.),  to  fall. 
feftfyalten,  to  holdfast. 
fortblafen,   blie§  fort,  fortge* 

blafen,  to  blow  off. 
mitbrmgen,  bracfyte  ntit,  mitge= 

hxad)t,  to  bring  with  one. 
mitfommen,   fam   mit,  mitge* 

lommen  (f .),  to  come  with  one. 


1  Observe  and  imitate.  2  Make  an  observation  on  the  tense. 


112  THE   AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


nutnefymen,  nafym  mtt,  mitge=      paffen  (with  dat.),  toft. 
nomrrten,  to  take  with  one.         uberfe'ijert,  to  translate. 

188.  PARADIGMS. 

Mafctt,  to  blow.  fallen,  to  fail,  gcfaflett,  to  please,  nefjtnen,  to  take. 

id^BIafc.  id)  fall  c.  id?  gefatte.         icfynefymc. 

buMafejt.  bu  fattfi.  bugefatlft         bummmft. 

er  bldf  t.  er  fall  t.  er  gef aft  t  er  nimm  t. 

189.  Slufeabe. 

1.  Your  boots  are  quite  wet,  Charles;  take  them  off 
directly !  2.  He  was  to  have  taken  off  his  boots,  but  he 
would  not,  and  got  a  bad  cold.  3.  I  have  been  in  the  rain 
the  whole  morning,1  and  if  I  do  not  take  off  my  wet  coat,  I 
shall 2  get  a  cold.  4.  Take  your  hat  off  in  the  room,  if  you 
please.  5.  This  man  was  not  inclined 3  to  take  his  hat  off, 
but  in  the  end  he  was  obliged  to.  6.  If  you  do  not  take  off 
your  hat,  somebody  will  knock  it4  off.  7.  Will  you  not  take 
off  your  bonnet  and  shawl,  Mrs.  I.,  and  stay  to  dinner  with 
us  ?  8.  We  shall  dine  in  half  an 5  hour.  9.  Will  not  your 
sister  Emily  stay  to  supper  with  us  ?  10.  She  is  very  sorry, 
she  cannot  accept  your  kind  invitation,  she  must  be  at  home 
at  a  quarter  to  9  ;  but  she  will  come  to  breakfast  to-morrow 
morning,  if  you  will  allow  her.  11.  We  shall  be  very  happy 
to  see  her.  12.  How  long  did  you  stay6  at  (auf)  the  ball  on 
Tuesday  evening7?  13.  We  were  to  have  gone  home  at 
1  o'clock,  but  in  the  end  we  were  allowed  to  stay  till  two.  14. 
Poor  Henry  has  been  obliged  to  remain  after  school  this 
morning ;  has  he  not  ?     15.  Yes,   and  because  he  has  been 


1  The  accusative.  6  in  etner  flatten  Stnnbe. 

*  Be  mindful  of  the  order.  6  Mctbctt  takes  the  auxiliary  feitt- 

3  The  perfect  of  ttJotlcn.  7  Expressions  of  time  commonly 

4  Order :  nitrfc  ifjn  jcmonu-  precede  those  of  place. 


twy^t^^ 


obliged  to  remain1  after  school,  he  has  not  been  allowed  to 
take  a2  walk  with  us.  16.  I  am  sorry  for  him.3  17.  I  think 
he  is  an  idle  boy ;  is  he  not  ?  18.  Why  was  his  sister  not 
allowed  to  go  to  *  the  theatre  last  night  ?  19.  Because  she  had 
a  bad  cold ;  next  Thursday  she  will  be  allowed  to  go,  and  she 
will  be  able  to  hear  Beethoven's  beautiful  opera  Fidelio.  20. 
To5  his  great  vexation  my  brother  has  not  been  able  to 
accept  an  invitation  to5  Mrs.  Bell's  party,  because  he  had 
already  previously  accepted  one  for  that  evening.  21.  When 
shall  you  be  able  to  correct  my  German  translation  ?  22. 
This  evening,  but  when6  it  is  corrected,  you  must  learn  it 
so  well,  that  you  can  say  it  without  mistakes  and  without 
hesitation.  23.  I  shall  learn  it  so  well,  that  you  will  be 
satisfied  with  me.  24.  It  is  snowing  now,  is  it  not  ?  25.  I 
have  no  umbrella  with7  me;  lend  me  yours,  if  you  please. 
26.  I  am  sorry,  I  cannot  lend  you  mine,  it  is  broken  ;  but 
my  sister  will  lend  you  hers  with  great  pleasure. 


190. 

ber  ©fyatol,  shawl. 

Gsmtlte,  Emily. 

bie  ©rfalturtg,  cold;  bie  ftarfe 

©rf&tturtg,  bad  cold. 
bie  ©efelljcfyaft,  company. 
bie  Dper,  opera. 

ba§  Sweater,  theatre. 

big,  till. 


VOCABULARY. 


morgert,  to-morrow;  morgen 
friify,  to-morrow  morning. 
Cf.  ber  -JJlorgen,  morning. 

rticfyt  toafyr,  is  it  not  so  ? 

fcorfyer,  previously. 

ganj,  whole,  quite. 
gerbrod)en,  broken. 
gufrteben,  contented. 


Be  mindful  of  the  order. 

2  not -a,  feinen. 

3  <£r  tljut  mir  left. 

4  What    case    must   follow   in 
here  ? 


5  What  case  follows  gu  ? 

6  The  when  of  narration  is  al§; 
of  interrogation  is  rDaittt ;  implying 
condition  or  repetition  is  tucilU. 

7  What  case  follows  bet  ? 


114 


READING    LESSON. 


abftf)lagen    (fcfylagft,    fdjlagt),     bleiben,  blieb,  geblieben  (f.),  to 


fdj>lug   ab,   abgefcfylagen,  to 

knock  off. 
annefymen,  nafym  an,  angenom= 

men,  to  accept. 
belommen,  belam,  befomnten,  to 


remain. 
erlauben  (with  dat.),  to  permit. 
fritfyftMen,  to  breakfast. 
fyageln,  to  hail. 
leifyen,  liefy,  geliefyen,  to  lend. 
fdmeien,  to  i-^^w. 


jum  9Jlittag§effen,  3um  2tbenbefjen  bleiben,  to  stay  to  dinner,  supper. 
$u  SJttttag  effen,  to  dine;  gu  Slbenb  effen,  to  sup. 
id)  merbe  mia)  fefyr  fvenen,  I  shall  be  very  happy. 


191. 


[To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 

23on  ^erlen  baut  ftcfy  eme  SBriicfe 2 

§ocfy  iiber  einen  granen  ©ee ; 
©te  baut  fid;  auf 3  tm  Slugenblicfe, 

Hnb  fajminbelnb  fteigt  fie4  in  bie  §ofy\ 

$)er  I)oa;ften  ©dn'ffe5  ^od^fte  9Raften 

,3iefyn  unier  ifyrem  23ogen  ^in ; 
©ie  felber  trug 6  nod)  leine 7  Saften, 

Unb  fdjeint,  mie  bu  ifyr8  nafy'ft,  gu  fliefm.9 

©te  mitb 10  erft  mit  bem  ©trom,  unb  fcfytoinbet, 

©o  toie  be£  2Baffer3  glut  berfiegt. 

©o  fprid),11  mo  ft$  bie  SBrucfe  finbet, 

Unb  mer  fie  fihtftlia;  fyat  gefiigt. 

©  d)  i  1 1  e  r. 


1  For  the  meanings  of  words, 
see  general  vocabulary. 

2  Subject  of  baut 

8  To  be  taken  with  baut  The 
verb  is  aufboueil. 

4  Subject  of  flCtflt 

8  Genitive  depending  on  Oftttfteit, 
which  is  the  subject  of  fyilt.jicljcit. 


6  Imperfect  of  tfOflCll. 

7  nod)  feinc;   literally,  yet  no  = 
never  any. 

8  Dative  referring  to  fcic  JBrUtfC- 

9  For   flieljcn;    compare   jidjn, 
for  jic^cn  above. 

10  becomes,  that  is,  is  formed. 

11  See  55. 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES   AND    ADVERBS.        115 


©iekttjeljttte  Seftion. 

192.  The  Verb  Xaffctt. 

COMPARISON    OF   ADJECTIVES   AND   ADVERBS. 

fflltht  Xante  Ijat  iiicfcr  armcn  gran  ein  toarmcg  SSitttcr* 
ffeib  ntatfjen  laffen,  toett  Mefelbe  fa  armlidj  Qefleiiiet  tft ;  fie 
totrt)  and)  bet  aftejten  Xotfjtcr  berfelkn  toarmere  $(etber 
ntadjen  laffen  ntiiffen,  fcenn  btefe  tft  nadj  iirmlidjer  gcffcfod 
a!8  ttjre  Mutter. 

My  aunt  has  had  a  warm  winter-dress  made  for  this  poor 
woman,  because  she  is  dressed  so  poorly ;  she  will  be 
obliged  to  get  warmer  clothes  made  also  for  her  eldest 
daughter,  for  she  is  clothed  still  more  poorly  than  her 
mother. 

193.  On  the  perfect  fjat  •  .  .  laffen,  see  177,  and  page  103,  note. 
Observe  that  the  infinitive  depending  on  Ittffcil  is  active,  not,  as  we 
translate  it,  passive.  Compare  in  French  the  use  of  the  active  infinitive 
with  faire.  On  the  order  in  the  second  clause,  see  183, 1.  On  the  future 
hlirt) .  •  •  ttttiffett,  see  168,  3. 

194.      fittffttt,  Iteft,  gcIaffClt,  to  cause,  order,  get  or  have  a  tiling 

done ;   let,  leave. 

Present  Tense. 

Indicative.  Imperative. 

1.  id)  laffc.  ftrirlaffcn.  2.  laffe. 

bu  laff  eft.      {!?%  IaH  ' 

(.  <Stc  laff  en. 

er  lafj 1.  fie  laff  en.  laff  en  ©ie. 


116 


the  verb  laffen. 


3.  id)  miff 

id)  muft 
id)  barf 
ia;  mag 
id;  farm 


meirter  Softer  ein  $aar  ©a;ur)e  madden  laffen. 
mir  einen  diod  madden  laffen. 
bem  $inb  ein  warmed  $teib  madden  laffen. 
ilmen  gute  §itte  madden  laffen. 


Future,     id)  merbe  madden  laffen,  I  shall  have  {get)  made. 
Perfect,    id)  fyabe  gelaffen,  J  have  ordered,  etc. 

4.  ict)  fyabe  mir  eine.n  SRocf  madden  laffen  moUen. 
id)  fyahz  bir  ein  $aar  ©dfmfye  madden  laffen  follen. 
id)  fyabt  ir)m  einen  §ut  madden  laffen  miiffen. 
icfy  r)abe  ifyr  ein  $teib  madjen  laffen  bitrfen. 
id)  r)abe  t$nen  lein  $ferb  faufen  laffen  mo  gen. 
id)  \)cbz  un§  ein  $au$  erbauen  laffen  fonnen. 


195. 


#abe  id)  $ljmen 
0efagt, 


196. 

Positive. 
alt,  old. 
Jung,  young, 
flug,  clever. 
fur$,  short. 
Iang4  long. 


Observe  the  order  i?i  the  following  : 

bafi  id)  bem  armen  9Kann  einen  dtod  r)  a  b  e 

madden  laffen  ? 
baft  id)  bem  armen  9Jlann  einen  $lod  merbe 

madden  laffen  ? 
baft  id)  ibm  einen  SRocf  fyaht  madden  laffen 

miiffen  ? 

Examine  the  following : 
Comparative.  Superlative. 


alt  cr. 
jiing  cr. 
fliig  cr. 
fiir§  cr. 
Idng  cr. 


alt  eft, 
jiing  ft. 
fliigft, 
f  firj  eft, 
lang  ft, 


ber  alt  cfle. 

ber  jiing  ftc. 
ber  fliig  ftc. 
ber  fitr$  cftc. 
ber  lang  ftc. 


197.     1.  Observe  that  the  comparative  and  superlative  are  formed 
as  commonly  in  English  by  the  addition  of  cr  and  fj,  or  eft,  to  the  positive. 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES    AND*  ADVERBS.        117 


2.  Observe  further  that  the  radical  vowels  tt,  0,  U,  are,  in  monosyllables, 
modified1  to  ii,  b,  it     For  exceptions,  see  the  vocabulary. 

3.  Comparatives  and  superlatives  are  declined  like  the  positive  in  the 

same  situation. 

i 

198.     Observe  the  following  irregular  comparisons : 


gTDJJ,  great 

grofj  er. 

grofct, 

ber  grbfs  tt. 

gut,  good. 

beffer. 

beft. 

ber  befte. 

fyod;,  high. 

fyofyer. 

tm, 

ber  bocfyfte. 

nafy,  near. 

ndfyer. 

nacfyft, 

ber  nacfyfte. 

fciel,  much. 

mefyr.2 

meift, 

ber  tnevfte. 

190.  1.  Adjectives  may  be  used  as  adverbs  in  the  positive  and 
comparative  without  being  inflected;  but  the  superlative  used  adver- 
bially is  preceded  by  am  =  ttn  fceitt  :  ttttl  ttrntRd)jten,  the  most  poorly, 
more  poorly  than  all  others  ;  ant  fcfjOttfiCtt,  the  most  beautifully ',  the  most 
beautifully  of  all.     This  is  called  the  relative  superlative. 

2.  To  express  the  absolute  superlative,  auf£  =  (iuf  btt$,  is  used  :  auf8 
itWtlicfjftC,  most  poorly,  poorly  in  the  highest  degree.  Or  the  adverb 
may  be  modified  by  du^Crfi,  exceedingly  ;  or  f)bcf)ft,  in  the  highest  degree. 

3.  The  absolute  superlative  may  also  be  expressed  simply  by  the  form 
in  R:  geftttligft,  most  obligingly;  gUttQJl,  most  kindly ;  frettnfcli(i){i,  in  the 
most  friendly  manner  ;  (jufltd)ft»  most  politely. 

4.  The  meaning  of  the  superlative  is  sometimes  intensified  by  pre- 
fixing aller:  atterltebjt,  most  charming. 

200.  Slttfga&e. 

I.  1.  Who  has  had  a  warm  dress  made  for  this  poor 
woman  ?  2.  My  aunt  has  had  a  warm  dress  made  for  her. 
3.  For  whom  has  your  aunt  had  a  warm  dress  made  ?  4. 
F'or  the  eldest  daughter  of  this  poor  woman.  5.  What  has 
your  aunt  had  made  for  the  woman's  eldest  daughter  ?  6. 
She  has  had  a  warm  winter-dress  made  for  her.  7.  Why 
has  your  aunt  had  a  warm  dress  made  for  this  woman's 
eldest  daughter?  8.  She  has  had  a  dress  made  for  her, 
because  the  latter  is  dressed  most  poorly.     9.  Will  she  be 

1  So  in  the  English  old,  elder,  eldest.       2  Not  declined. 


118  #   the  verb  laffen. 


obliged  to  get  warm  clothes  made  for  somebody  else ■  ?  10. 
Yes,  she  will  be  obliged  to  get  warmer  clothes  made  also  for 
the  other  children  of  the  poor  woman.  11.  Why  will  she  be 
obliged  to  get  warmer  clothes  made  for  them  ?  12.  Because 
it  is  so  cold  and  they  are  dressed  most  poorly.  13.  Because 
it  is  so  cold  now,  my  mother2  has  had  warm  clothes  made 
for  this  poor  woman  and  her  two  eldest  daughters. 

14.  Last  winter  my  uncle  saw  a  poor  man  most  poorly 
dressed  and  had  a  warm  coat  made  for  him.  15.  This  winter 
he  will  have  a  warmer  dress  made  for  the  man's  little  daughter, 
for  she  also  is  poorly  clad,  and  for  his  elder  son3  a  new  coat, 
shoes,  and  a  hat,  for  he  is  the  most  poorly  *  clad  of  all.5 

II.  1.  ©em  SSmterrocf  tft  nicfyt  toarm  genug;  toarum  laffeft 
bu  bit  nicfyt  emeu  bicferen  madden  ?  2.  3$  fyfl&e  mir  fcfyon  oor 
bret  SBocfyen  einen  bicferen  macfyen  laffen  toollen ;  aber  id)  fyabe 
fein  fcr)one§  Said)  finben  fonnen.  3.  SDtetn  Stfmeiber  foil  mir 
morgen  ba§  Wtafy  nefymen.  4.  2Stttft  bu  bir  nicfyt  and)  ba§  Wla$  gu6 
einer  28 efte  nefymen  laffen?  5.  9Jkm  ^ladjhax  toirb  ficr)  nad)fte3 
I^ar/r  ein  grofjeS  §au§  haum  unb  e§  auf3  fcfyonfte  unb  bequemfte 
einricfyten  laffen.  6.  So?  '©efallt  ifym  fern  jetjtgeg  ni$t  mefyr? 
7.  @r  tft  ein  reiser  %Ram  gefaorben  unb  mill  nun  in  einem 
grofteren  §aufe  mormen;  er  toirb  fid;  and)  einen  SSagen  unb 
^ferbe  fyalten  unb  muft  fia;  alfo  aua;  ©tatte  bauen  laffen.  8. 
2fteine  Sdjtoefter  Sopfyte  fyat  fcfjon  feit  fcorgeftern  3a^niue^ ;  fie 
tft  foeben  &u  bem  Qafynaxfi  gegangen,  urn  fta;  ben  franfen  $arm 
au^tefyen  $u  laffen.  9.  ©a§  tft  fefyr  f$mer$aft;  \d)  l;abe  mir 
toergangenen  gebruar  aua)  einen  3a^>n  auSjtefyen  unb  greet  fiiUen 
laffen.  10.  ©buarb,  bu  muftt  bir  ba§  §aar  fa^neiben  laffen ;  e3 
tft  gu  lang,  unb  gu  Iange§  §aar  ftefyt  ntd^t  fcfyon  au§.  11.  SIber, 
Hebe  9ftama,  ermnerft  bu  btcf)  benn  nid;t,  baft  to;  e§  erft  fcor  bret 

1  jcmant)  OtttJCrcm.  4  Not  to  be  translated  the  same 

2  Be  mindful  of  the  order.     See  as  "  most  poorly  "  above, 
page  109,  note  6.  5  Omit  of  all. 

3  For  the  elder  son  of  the  same.  6  Observe  the  preposition. 


COMPARISON    OF   ADJECTIVES    AND   ADVERBS.        119 

28ocfyen  an  meinem  ©eburtStag,  ben  7ten  !Januar,  l;abe  fdmeiben 
laffcn?  12.  2)er  9Ud;ter  fyat  fyeute  einen  9Jiann  bura)  einen 
^Poligcibicner  feftnefymen  laffen.  13.  2£tffen  ©ie,  marum?  14. 
2Betl  berfelbe  gcftern  SCbenb  auf  ber  ©trafje  einem  §errn  bie  Ufyr 
unb  bte  33orfe  geraubt  fyat. 

15.  §einrid;,  *papa  ift  fefyr  untoofyl;  er  §at  ftarfeS  ^opfmefy 
unb  fyat  bie  gauge  -iftacfyt  ntrf)t  fcfylafen  lonnen ;  itnr  miiffen  ben 
2lr$t  rufen  laffcn.  16.  D,  Mama,  bu  braua^ft  ifyn  nid)t  rufen  gu 
laffen ;  id)  toiH  felbft  $u  ifym  gefyen.  17.  „§err  Softer,  3Jtama 
lafjt  ©ic  gritjsen  unb  I;5flid)ft  bitten,  ben  tyapa  im  Saufe  be§ 
£age§  bod;  §u  befucfyen ;  benn  er  fiifylt  fid;  fefyr  untoofyl."  18. 
„®ut,  griiften  ©ie  3$ren  §errn  SSater  gefalligft  oon  mir;  xa) 
merbe  in  einer  ©tunbe  bei  ifym  fctn."  19.  gd;  I)abe  einer 
armen  grau  in  ber  $iid;e  etit>a§  gu  effen  geben  laffen,  unb 
id;  fefye,  fie  lafjt  fid;'g  mofyl  fa^medcn;  fie  fcfyeint  fyungrig 
gewefen  §u  fein.1  20.  2aj$  bir  ba3  Wa$  $u  einem  tlberrod 
nehmen  ;  laffe  bir  ifm  aber  ja2  nid;t  gu  llein  madden.  21.  9fteine 
©djtoefter  bat  fid)  ^botcgra^ieren  laffen  unb  mein  SBruber  lafct 
ftcfy  malen.  22.  ©rinnere  mta)  ja  an  ba£  arme  $inb;  id)  milt 
ifym  marme  ^leiber  mad)en  laffen.  23.  Gsrinnerft  bu  bia)  biefeg 
armen  3ftanne§  ?  $a;  fyabe  il)m  fcorigen  SBinter  marme  ^leiber 
macfyen  laffen. 

201.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  2lr§t,  physician.  ber  dauber,  robber. 

ber  ©eburt^tag,  birthday.  ber  S^id^ter,  judge,  magistrate. 

ber  £auf,  course.  ber  <&a)mzx%,pain ;  pi.  ©d;mer= 

ber  3Jtaler,  painter.  gen. 

ber  tyofytibizriZX,  policeman,  ber  Stall,  stable. 

1  Bctticfen  ju  fein ;  perfect  infini-     know :  iaj  fjaoe  ja  fctn  8ud).    The 

tive  of  fein-  student  of    Greek  will    recognize 

2  ja  following  an  imperative  exactly  corresponding  uses  of  <J»; : 
adds  emphasis  or  urgency :  bcr=  to  denote  emphasis,  and  to  signify 
gi§  C0  jtt  nidjt,  be  sure  not  to  forget  that  a  thing  is  well  known. 

#■     §&  is  also  used  like  our  you 


120 


the  verb  faffen. 


ber  Safynaxfi,  dentist. 

bie  SBorf i, purse.  Cf.  berSBeutel. 
bie  ^ranffyeit,  sickness. 
bte  SBefte,  zw£ 

ba§  §aar,  hair. 
ba§  2ftaf$,  measure. 
ba§>  Sua;,  <r/<?//£. 

Bequem,  comfortable. 
bid,  M*V£.  (22). 
fyeftig,  violent. 
fydflittjft,  most  politely. 
Irani,  ///,  diseased. 
f  cfymer^aft,  painful. 
iiBerfyaupf ,  altogether. 

au§fefyen,  fafy  au3,  au§gefefyen, 

au^iefyen,  gog  au§,  auggejogen, 
to  draw  out,  extract. 

Bauen,  to  build. 

Bitten,  Bat,  geBeten,  to  ask,  re- 
quest; Bitten  laffen,  to  request 
(through  another). 

Braurf)en,  to  want,  need ;  er 
hxaua)t  nid)t  ju  fommen,  er 
Braudfyt  e§  nia;t  gu  tfmn. 


einridf)ten,  to  fit  up,  furnish, 

arra?ige. 
erinnem  an . .  (with  ace),  to 

remind.      Cf.    erinnem  fi$ 

(with  gen.),  A?  remember. 
feftnefymen,  nafym  feft,  feftge* 

nommen,  to  arrest. 
fiifylen,  to  feel. 
fiiUen,  to  fill. 
griijjen,  to  salute ;  grii^en  <5ie 

tfyn  bon  mir,  give  him  my 

compliments. 
griiften    laffen,   to   send  one's 

compliments;    er    I&jst    <Sie 

griiften 
malen,  to  paint. 
pfyotograpfyieren,  to  photograph. 
rauBen,  to  rob. 
rufen,  rief,  gerufen,  to  call. 
fd^metfen,  to  taste,  to  relish. 
fajneiben,  fa;mtt,  gefa^nitten,  to 

cut. 
toerben,   tourbe  and  roarb,  ge= 

toorben  (f.),  to  become. 


fiay§  tt>or)I  (gut)  fa^mecfen  laffen,  to  enjoy  a  thing;  icfy  taffc  mir 

bie  ^rauBen  gut  ftfnnecfen. 
<inem  ba§  9ftaj3  ju  ettoa§  nefymen,  to  take  one's  measure  for 


something. 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES    AND    ADVERBS.        121 


202.  fliufQabc. 

1.  Who  is  to  make  your  cloak  ?  2.  I  do  not  know  yet; 
can  you  perhaps  recommend  a  good  tailor  to  me  '  ?  3.  Mr. 
M.  in  William  Street  is  one  of  the  best  tailors  in  the  town.  4. 
I  got  a  coat  made 2  by  him  last  spring ;  do  you  perhaps 
remember  it?  5.  It  fitted  me  better  than  any 3  coat  by  my 
former  tailor.  6.  I  want  a  pair  of  new  boots ;  by  whom 
shall  I  get  them  made  ?  7.  Get  them  made  by  Mr.  S. ;  he  is 
a  beginner  and  takes  great  pains ;  I  may  say  that  he  takes 
greater  pains  than  any 3  shoemaker  in  the  town ;  all  his  boots 
and  shoes  are  made  most  carefully.  Mr.  B.  worked  for  me 
formerly,  but  his  last  boots  were  made 4  so  tight,  that  I  could 
not  put  them  on.  8.  Get  your  hair  cut,  William  ;  it  is  too 
long.  9.  I  get  mine  cut  every 6  four  weeks.  10.  You  must 
get  your  stockings  mended;  there  are  holes  in  them.  11. 
When  shall  you  get  the  cherries  in  your  garden  picked,  and 
who  is  to  pick  them  ?  12.  I  shall  get  them  picked  by  John 
the  day  after  to-morrow.  13.  Mr.  B.  v/ill  sell  his  new  house ; 
he  has  had  it  offered  to  me,  but  I  have  no  mind  to  buy  it. 
14.  It  is  too  large  for  me  and  is  not  built  in  the  best  manner.6 

15.  Miss  L.  has  returned  from  her  journey  to-day,  but  she 
does  not  look  well  at  all.  16.  She  has  a  bad  cold  and  has 
been  obliged  to  have  a  tooth  extracted.  17.  Edward,  you 
must  take  greater  pains  with  your  lessons,  if  you  wish  to 
make  progress ;  you  must  not  get  your  mistakes  corrected 
by  one  of  your  fellow-pupils,  but 7  you  must  try  not  to  make 
any.8  18.  When  your  translations  are  corrected,  you  must 
learn  them  so  wrell  that  you  can  translate  them  at  sight 
without    hesitation.     19.  Mary,    your   dress  is    torn;    where 

1  What  order  does  the  German  5  every,  in  the  singular,  jefoer;  in 
idiom  require  ?                                             the  plural,  ottc 

2  Say,  for  myself.  6  aitfg  Bcflc     See  199,  2. 

3  irgenti  cin.  7  is  aBcr,  or  fonfcern,  the  right 

4  were  made,  tOttrCtt  0Cmad)t  word  ?  8  not.,  any,  fciltC- 


122 


the  verb  laffen. 


did  you  tear  it?  20.  I  don't  know,  I  must  have  done1  it  in 
the  forest.  21.  When  we  come  home,  I  will  get  it  mended. 
22.  Why  will  you  get  it  mended?  Cannot  you  mend  it 
yourself  ?     23.    By  whom   do  you  get   your  books    bound  ? 

24.  I  always  get  them  bound  by  Mr.  S.  in  Charles  street. 

25.  You  have  sent  me  American  apples ;  they  are  very  fine 
and  I  shall  enjoy  them  very  much.  2d.  You  know  how  I 
like 2  good  apples.  27.  I  hope  you  have  enjoyed  your 
bread  and  butter  and  your  glass  of  beer.  28.  When  you  see 
your  cousins  again,  give  them  my  compliments,  if  you  please. 
29.  I  have  sent  them  my  compliments  through  a  mutual 
friend.  30.  Mr.  D.,  allow  me  to  congratulate  you  on 3  your 
safe*  return.  31.  Who  has  caused  this  man  to  be  arrested? 
32.  Tl.  ^  judge  of  the  town-court,  because  he  has  stolen 
different  watches  and  rings  at6  a  jeweller's  shop. 

203.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  2lnf  anger,  beginner.  ba§  Soa;,  hole;  pi.  Soccer, 

ber  gortf d>itt,  progress  ;  gort=      befonber§/  particularly. 

fajrttte  mad)en,  to  progress.      ^  (with  ^  through% 
ber  (bag)  Sutoel',  jewel.  eng  ^^  narrow,  tight. 

ber  %\\\0lX\$x' ,  jeweler. 
ber     Iguroelierlaben,   jeweler's 

shop. 
ber  Mantel,  cloak. 
ber    ©tabtrtcfyter,     town-court 

judge. 


ber  ©trumpf,  stocking. 
ber  3a^n/  tooth. 

bie  QmM fefyr,  ba3  28teberfom= 
men,  return. 


fritter,  former,  formerly. 
gegenfeitig,  mutual. 
iur§lia;,  not  long  ago. 

Cf  neultd;. 
forgfaltig,  careful. 
inettetrfjt,  perhaps. 
oom  331att,  at  sight. 
gum  Stnbenfen,  as  a  souvenir. 
gar  nttf)t,  bureaus  nidjt,  not  at 

all. 


1  ncttjan  fjabcn. 

8  The  verb  last.     See  106. 

*  What  case  follows  ju  ? 


4  Use  gliitflid). 

5  in,  with  what  case  ?    How  would 
it  be  expressed  if  you  used  foci? 


COMPARISON    OF    ADJECTIVES    AND    ADVERBS.        123 

abbrecfye^braa^a^abgebrottjen,  erlauben,  (with  dat.)  to  allow, 

to  pick,  to  pluck.  to  permit. 

ausfefyen,  fal)  au3,  auggefeben,  fltcfen,  to  mend,  to  darn. 

to  look,  appear.  ^flticfen,  to  pick,  to  pluck. 

binben,  banb,  gebunben,/^*^//  ftefyen,    ftanb,     gefianben,    /<? 

embmben,  of  books.  stand. 

ftdj)  -Jftufye  geben,  to  take  pains. 
\&)  gebe  mix  inel  ^Jiii^e,  I- take  great  pains. 
er  fyat  fid)  mefyr  -Jftufye  gegeben,  he  has  taken  greater  pains. 
Suft  fyaben,  /#  ^^^^  a  #zzW. 
irf)  l;abe  feme  Suft,  I  have  no  mind  (inclination), 
©tucf  toimfd^en  (with  dat.)  gu  . .  v  gratulieren  (with  dat.)  gu . . ., 
/#  congratulate  on. 

204.  Stufaabe* 

[The  following  sentences  may  be  used,  if  the  teacher  chooses,  as  a  basis 
for  questions  and  answers,  or  they  may  be  merely  read  aloud  by  the  pupil.] 

1.  3$  fyaDe  kern  armen  $naben  em  *paar  ©cfmfye  madden  laffen, 
loeit  bte  feinen  gang  gerriffen  fmb. 

2.  23tr  fyahtn  bem  armen  !0tabcfyen  em  h?drmere§  $Ieib  mad)en 
laffen  toollen,  aber  $rau  9?.  tft  un§  guoorgefomrnen.1 

3.  SJteine  grau2  toirb  fta;  etnen  3^  auggtefyen  (affen  muff  en, 
benn  fie  fyat  fd^ort  feit  eintgen  £agen  fyefttge3  ftafynnity  (W%e 
3afmf  Emergen). 

4.  9Jtein  Mann  fyat  fia;  fitrglia;  Don  §errn  23.  malen  laffen, 
aber  ba3  33ilb  ift  ntd)t  befonber§  gut  auggefatten.3 

5.  gl;re  grau  ©emafyttn  fyat  fia)  neulia)  pfyotograpfyteren  Iaffen 
unb  fyat  etneS  ber  33tlber  meiner  gran  gum  2tnben!en  gegeben. 

1  anticipated.  ing  another  says,  $$Xt  $rttU  ©C« 

2  A  gentleman  says  of  his  wife,  mttljlitt ;  3$X  §tXX  ®eitttt|l.    What 
IttCiltC  $ttlU ;  a  lady  of  her  husband,  are  the  customary  forms  with  us  ? 
mein  Sftann.     But  a  person  adress-  3  turned  out. 


i24  READING    LESSON. 

6.  9?eit)5g)orf  Itegt  unter  bemjelben  SBreitengrab *  ioie  ^eapel,8 
aber  e§  f?at  em  oiel  faltered  $Iima  al§  latere  ©tabt. 

7.  ©a3  §au§  meine§  greunbeS  SD.  ift  auf§  pracfytOolTfte  etn= 
gertd^tet ;  er  fyat  ftc§  feme  beften  9flobet  au3  $art§  fommen  lafjen. 

205.  Da*  $<t<J}ltht« 

[To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 

©u  23&rf)Iem,  filberfyell  unb  liar, 
©u  ctlft  Ooriiber  immerbar. 
3lm  Ufer  ftefy'  id),  ftnn'  unb  finn '  : 
2Bo  f ommft  bu  fyer,  too  gefyft  bu  fytn  ? 

3$  fomm'  au§  bunller  gelfert  ©cfyoj} ; 
SHeirt  Sauf  gefyt  iiber  Slum'  unb  9ftoo3 ; 
2tuf  meinem  Spiegel  frfrtoebt  fo  milb 
©e£  blauen  §immel3  freunblidj)  23tfb.3 

2) 'rum  I)ab'  icfy  frozen  $inber|inn ; 
©3*  trctbt  mitf)  fort,  ioeiji5  ntd)t  ioobtn. 
®er6  mid)  gerufen7  au§  bem  (Stein, 
©er,  ben!'  id),  toirb  mein  Jitfyrer  jem< 

©  o  e  1 1)  e. 


1  degree  of  latitude.        2  Naples.  5  Supply  ttf)  as  subject. 

3  The  subject  of  fd)n)C&t,in  the  *  He  who ;  translate  fccr  in  the 
preceding  line.  next  line  he. 

4  Does    not   refer   to   any   pre-  7  Supply  mentally  the  auxiliary 
ceding  word.     The   meaning  is,  I  Ijttt. 

am  driven  onward. 


THE    IMPERFECT   TENSE.  125 


9ldjtjeljttte  Seftion. 

206.  THE   IMPERFECT  TENSE. 

(gin  §imi>  Ijtttte  ein  &tM  Slcifdj  geftoljfen  nnb  toottte  mil 
-kmfciiicji  itkr  einen  ghtfe  fdjtoimmen.  3m  SBttjfcr  kmerfte 
er  feiii  $ifo  nnfo  Ijielt  c§  fiir  ctncn  antiern  §mti)  mit  einem 
©tiitf  Sftifd).  dr  toiinfdjte  and)  titcfeS  jit  Ijakn  nil  fdjnaWte 
imrnadj ;  akr  in  ctncm  SCitgenMttf  tour  fein  ctpc§  Sfeifdj  in 
km  Staffer  berfdjumnfcn. 

A  dog  had  stolen  a  piece  of  meat  and  wanted  to  swim 
across  a  river  with  it.  He  saw  his  image  in  the  water  and 
took  it  for  another  dog  with  a  piece  of  meat.  He  wanted  to 
have  this  also,  and  snapped  at  it ;  but  in  a  moment  his  own 
meat  had  disappeared  in  the  water. 

207.  PARADIGM   OF  THE  WEAK   CONJUGATION.1 

ttmnfdjcn,  to  wish. 

Principal  Parts :  tounfefyett,  toimfefyte,  getoiinf  djt. 

Present.  Imperfect. 

id)  tounfefye.       hnrftmnfd;en.       tcfy  toimfefyte.        fair  tomtfefyten. 

bu  ttfnf  $  ejt  |  |!r  to""f  t rt"        *«  ««f  *  Ml-  {  't  m'*  ?j  ?• 

(  ©te  tounf  d)  en.  (  ©te  hmnf d;  trn. 

erhrimfefyt.        fie  toiinf d^  en.        er  totittf d)  tc.        fie  roiinf $  ten. 

Future. 
i§  toerbe  n)iinfd^  en.  ton  toerben  toftttfdj  en. 

bu  totrft  tounfdj  en.  j  *£  toetb,et  "NS"- 

(  ©te  toerben  toimf q  en. 

er  ftnrb  toitnfefy  en.  fie  toerben  tounfdj  en. 

1  For  the  full  inflection  of  a  weak  verb,  see  378. 


126  the  imperfect  tense. 

Perfect. 
id)  I)abe  getotinf  cfy  t.  toir  r)abert  getoiinf  d)t. 

bu  W  flet»unf *  t.  |  *  \ab*  8«»fln f *  I 

(©te  fyaben  getounfcpt. 

er  fyat  getoiirtfcfyt.  fie  fyaben  getoimf  d;t. 

Pluperfect. 
id)  r)atte  getounfcfy-t.  fair  fatten  getoiirtf d)t. 

bu  ^atteft  setrfntt  t.  |  |!r  ^attet  »***»£ 

( ©te  fatten  getounfcgt. 

er  r)atte  getoiinf  cfy  t.  fie  fatten  gerounfd^t. 

208.      PARADIGM  OF  THE  STRONG  CONJUGATION.* 

ffcljlen,  to  steal;  Ijaftctt,  to  hold;  fdjtmmmctt,  to  swim; 
tierftljtoittbett,  to  disappear. 

Principal  \  fte&lcn'  Wt  9* Wen;  fatten,  §m,  gc^altcn. 
Parts  •    ')  W^mmen/  fdjtoamm,  gefd;tomrtmctt. 

<  fcerfcfytoinben,  fcerfcfytoanb,  fcerfcfytounben. 


Present. 

Imperfect. 

i$  ftefyte. 
bu  ftieblft. 
er  ftiefylt. 

fair  ftefylen. 
(  \l)X  fte&It. 
( ©te  fteblen. 

fie  ftefylen. 

i$  ftafyl. 
bu  fto&Ift. 

er  ftafyl. 

totr  ftafylen. 
|  tfyr  ftat)tet. 
X  ©ie  ftn^Ien. 

fie  ftafyten. 

id)  fyalte. 
bu  tyaltft. 

er  fyalt. 

h)ir  fyalten. 
( ifyr  fyaltet. 
(  ©ie  fatten. 

fie  Ijalten. 

icfy  J)iclt. 
bu  fyieltft. 

er  r/tclt. 
Future. 

fair  fyiclten. 
( tfyr  fyteltet. 
( ©ie  fyiclten. 

fie  fyielten. 

id)  toerbe  fter)Ien. 
id;  toerbe  r)alten. 

id;  toerbe  fcfyhnmmen. 
id;  toerbe  r>erfd;ftnnben. 

1  For  the  full  inflection  of  a  strong  verb,  see  379. 


THE    IMPERFECT    TENSE.  127 

Perfect. 

id?  fya&e  geftofylen.  id)  bin  gefcfytoommen. 

id)  fyahz  gefyalten.  id)  bin  fcerfcfyttmnben. 

Pluperfect. 

id)  fyatte  geftofylen.  id)  toav  gefefytoommen. 

id)  fyatte  gefyalten.  id)  toar  toerfctytounben. 

209.     Imperfect  of  the  Modal  Auxiliaries.1 

id)  follte,  I  was  to,  ought.  id)  burfte,  I  was  allowed  to. 

id)  tooKte,  I  wanted  to.  id)  mocfyte,  I  liked  to. 

id)  mnfjte,  /  a/«f  obliged  to.        id)  lonnte,  I  was  able  to. 

21  O.  As  the  forms  of  the  strong  and  weak  conjugations  were  com- 
pared in  the  present  tense  (pages  27  and  28),  so  now  compare  them  in 
the  imperfect  tense  and  perfect  participle  and  make  the  needful  obser- 
vations.    Read  again  46. 

211.  1.  It  has  already  been  observed  (109)  that  verbs  denoting  a 
change  of  state  or  condition,  and  those  denoting  motion  from,  to,  or 
towards  a  place,  are  conjugated  with  fctlt.  Such  are:  Ctltfd)lrtfflt,  to  fall 
asleep ;  OUfttJOdjCn,  CVtBO^CIt,  to  awake ;  CXtvatltttl,  to  become  ill;  gc« 
ncfCIt,  to  recover  ;  tocrbctt,  to  become:  gefjClt,  to  go ;  rcitClt,  to  ride;  laufctt 
to  run;  fottcit,  to  fall;  ftf)niimmcn,  to  swim. 

Note.  —  But  if  manner  or  duration  of  time  is  indicated,  then  fja6ctt  is 
used  as  the  auxiliary,  not  f citi :  id)  Ijalie  eine  balbe  ©tunbe  gefd)roommeu; 
er  ()at  febr  gut  geritten. 

2.  The  verbs  fctlt,  to  be,  Mctbctt,  to  remain,  and  gcfrfjCljCIt,  to  happen, 
take  fcilt  as  the  auxiliary : 

id)  Bin  gcroefen,  I  have  been. 

id)  6tlt  geblteben,  I  have  remained. 

e§  ift  nttr  gefd)eb,ert,  it  has  happened  to  me. 

Note.  —  Intransitive  verbs,  when  used  with  a  reflective  pronoun,  take 
Ijakn  as  the  auxiliary:  er  Ijttt  fid)  inarm  gelaufen,  he  has  made  himself 
warm  by  running. 

1  For  the  full  inflection,  see  383-388. 


ijfr 


128  THE    IMPERFECT   TENSE. 


212.  Slufaabe, 

[Remember  that  a  dependent  sentence  must  have  the  verb  1-ast.  Read 
again  183.  The  commonest  conjunctions  beginning  dependent  sentences 
are  a\$,  when;  ttJCltn,  if  when;  focil,  because;  &aft  (ffl  baft),  that.  To 
these,  which  have  already  occurred,  add  foa,  as,  since ;  UliiljrCttt),  whilst; 
nad)uCm,  after ;  ob,  whether;  elje,  before.     See  329.] 

I.  1.  A  dog  stole  a  piece  of  meat  and  swam  across  a  river^ji 
with  it.  2.  When 1  the  dog  had  stolen  the  meat,  he  wanted'  ' 
to  swim  across  the  river.  3.  Whilst  he  was  swimming  in  the 
water,  he  saw  another  dog,  for  he  took  his  own  image  for  an- 
other dog.  4.  The  latter 2  also  had  a  piece  of  meat.  5.  As 
he  wished  to  have  this  meat  also,  he  snapped  at  it,  but  his 
own  fell  into  the  water  and  disappeared.  6.  In  the  moment 
when  he  snapped  at  the  other  dog's  meat,  his  own  dis- 
appeared 3  in  the  water.  7.  He  wanted  to  swim  across  the 
river  with  the  stolen  meat.  8.  The  dog  saw  a  piece  of  meat 
and  wished  to  have  it ;  therefore  he  stole  it. 

9.  A  thief  stole  my  watch  out  of  my4  pocket  last  night. 
10.  When  I  perceived  it,  he  had  already  disappeared.  11.  I 
wanted  to  run  after  him,  but  my  friend  held  me  back.  12.  Mr. 
N.  became  a  poor  man  through  indolence,  and  has  re- 
mained a  poor  man  all  his6  life.  13.  What  has  become  of6 
your  brother?  14.  He  has  gone  to  America.  15.  Can  you 
swim  across  the  river  ?  16.  Oh  yes,  I  have  already  swum 
across  it 7  three  times.  17.  When  I  swam  across  it  the  last 
time,  I  became 8  very  tired. 

18.  A  little  dog  saw  a  piece  of  meat  and  wanted  very  much 
to  steal  it.  19.  At  last,  when  he  had  stolen  it,  he  ran  away, 
and  tried  to  swim  over  a  river  with  it ;  but  unluckily  he  saw 


1  See  page  113,  note  6.  4  See  183,  3. 

2  The  latter,  btcfct;  the  former,  5  all  his,  fcitt  gOttJCS. 

jcttcr.    Compare  in  Latin  hie  and  6  By  what  case  is  au8  followed? 

ille.  7  across  it,  Ijiimkf. 

3  See  page  109,  note  6.  8  Imperfect,  four&C 


THE    IMPERFECT   TENSE.  129 

another  dog  with  a  larger  piece  of  meat.  20.  Naturally  he 
wanted  to  have  this  and  snapped  at  it ;  but  his  own  piece 
fell  into  the  water  and  disappeared  in  a  moment. 

II.  1.  2)er  §au§lned)t  be§  §otel§  trug  mir  fyeuie  9florgen, 
nad)bem  id)  meine  S^edjmung  begaf)It  fyattt,  mein  ©epad  auf  ba§ 
©ampfboot;  aber  al£  tcfy  fyinlam,  fanb  id),  baft  er  meine  §ut= 
f$ad)tel  unb  Dt-eifetafa^e  bergeffen  r^atte.  2.  $;d)  fcfytdte  tfyn  fo= 
gleid)  in  bag  §oteI  guriicf,  unb  er  berfyrad)  fa)neE  §u  gefyen. 
3.  Slber  laum  War  er  fort,  fo  fyorte  id),  rate  einer  toon  feinen  23e= 
lannten  ifym  gurtef1:  „$5u  braudj)ft  nid)t  $u  laufen;  ba§  <3d)iff 
fafyrt  rtod^  lange  ntcfyt  ah  J1  4.  ^^  nafym  mir  unterbeffen  mein 
SBillet  nad)  SBonn,  unb  ber  §au§lned)t  lam  gerabe  nod)  $u  renter 
3eit  mit  ben  bergeffenen  (5ad;en  $uritd,  benn  ba§  (Scfyiff  fufyr 
fd}on  nad)  einigen  9Jlinuten,  $unlt  fyalb  8  Ul)r,  ab.  5.  S3ei 
fa^onem  SSetter  reife  id)  lieber  mit  bem  ©ampfboot  aU  auf 
(mit)  ber  @ifenbal)n.  6.  Man  fiefyt  bie  ©egenb  beffer  unb 
braucfyt  nia^t  auf  einem  unb  bemfelben  $la|e  fvtjen2  $u  bletben, 
fonbern 3  man  !ann  fyin  unb  fyer  gefyen ;  ana)  !ann  man  ettoa§>  $u 
effen  unb  gu  trinlen  belommen.  7.  3lber  nid)t  afte  £)ampffcfyiffe 
auf  bem  9^em  finb  auf§  bequemfte  eingerid)tet. 

8.  %{§>  td)  in  ba§  dimmer  lam,  fanb  id),  baft  mein  SSater 
eingefa^lafen  war ;  aber  ba  id)  touftte,  baft  er  bie  borfyergefyenbe 
$laa)t  gar  nid)t  gefd)lafen  fyatti,  mod)te  id)  tt)n  nia)t  ioeden, 
fonbern  lieft  ifyn  fortfd)Iafen.  9.  9tod)bem  er  aufgemad)t  War. 
lieft  er  fid)  eine  £aff e  f  djwar^en  $affee 4  bringen,  unb  to;  fal),  baft 
er  fid)  benfelben  wofyl  fdmteden  lieft.  10.  (Sin  ^ogling  eme^ 
gnftituts  fagte  §u  bem  93orftefyer  beefelben:  „§err  doctor,  id) 
fcfyreibe  fo  ^n  an  meine  Sltern;  foil  id)  benfelben  etma§  bon 
3I)nen  fagen?"    11.  SDanle  beftenS,  @buarb,  griifte  fie  freunb* 


1  Observe  that  in  a  dependent  infinitive  is  used  like  a  present  par- 
sentence  the  separable  prefix  is  not  ticiple,  and  denotes  manner, 
disjoined  from  the  root  of  the  verb.  3  See  page  96,  note  8. 

*  Observe  that  with  Blcificit  an  4  See  page  53,  note  2. 


130 


THE    IMPERFECT   TENSE. 


licfyft1  oon  mir  unb  frage  fie,  ob  fie  un3  nid^t  balb  einmal 
befucr)en  toottten."  12.  £)u  braucfyft  beinen  33rief  je|t  ni$t  auf 
bie  $oft  §u  tragen,  fonberrt  lannft  toarten  6tg  fyeute  -Iftittag ;  benn, 
fooiel  to;  toeijj,  gefyt  bie  $oft  erft2  urn  brei  $iertel  auf  fttnf  ah. 


213. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  Skfannte,  acquaintance. 
ber  SBrieftrager,  letter-carrier, 

postman. 
ber  §au3fne(f)t,  porter,  boots. 
ber  $orftefyer,/>w^tf/. 
ber   3 ogling,  /#/*/,    scholar. 

bie  (Sifen6at)n,  railroad. 
bie  ©egenb,  country,  neighbor- 
hood. 
bie  §utfcr)ad)tel,  hat-box. 
bie  D^ecfynung,  £///. 
bie  Sfteifetafcfye,  carpet-bag. 
bie  ©acfye,  //««£■.  Cf.  ba3  £)ing. 
bte^ra^fyeit,/tf2z>zm.  Cf.trdge. 

ba§  SiUef ,  //V&rf. 

ba§  Sampfboot,   Sanrpfftfnff, 

steamer. 
ba§  ©epcicf,  luggage. 
ba§  §otel,  ber  G5aftt)of,  hotel. 
ba§  !Jnftituf ,  boarding-school. 
ba£  Seben,  /#£. 

bequetn,     convenient,     comfor- 
table. 
enblia),  #/  /^/. 
fort,  away,  gone. 


fymitber,  over  there. 

r)in  unb  fyer,  to  and  fro. 

nacfybem  (conj.),  after. 

ob,  whether  (212). 

unterbef fen,  in  the  mean  time. 

unglticfliajertoeife,  unluckily. 

ttorfyer'gefyenb,  preceding. 

bei   fcr}onem   SBetter,    in  fine 

weather. 
gerabe  %\x  renter  geit,  just  at 

the  right  time, 
tyunit  ein  Ufyr,  exactly  at  one 

o'clock. 

auftoacfyen,    ertoacfyen   (f.),    to 

wake  (intrans.). 
ouftoecfen,    loecfen,    to   waken 

(trans.), 
be^afylen,  to  pay,  to  discharge. 
bran  a)  en,  to  need,  to  use.A 
fortlaufen,  lief  fort,  fortgelaufen 

(f.),  to  run  away. 
nacr/laufen  (f.),   to  run  after 

(with  dat.). 
tragen,  trug,  getragen,  to  bear, 

to  carry. 


1  See  199,  3. 


*  not -till. 


THE    IMPERFECT    TENSE.  131 


berfyred^en,  berfyracfy,  t>erfpro=     toarten,  to  wait;  auf  tinixi,  for 

cr)en,  to  proinise.  one. 

toacfyen,  to  be  awake.  gurufen,  rief  ju,  ^ugerufen,  to 

r<z//  to. 

214.  Slufga&e, 

[Read  294.] 

1.  When  we  were  out  yesterday,  it  began1  to  rain  and 
hail  very  violently,  so  that  we  were  obliged  to  seek  shelter 
at 2  a  gardener's,  as  we  had  no  umbrellas  with 2  us.  The 
people  3  in  the  house  were  very  polite ;  they  offered  us  some 
strawberries  and  raspberries.  We  took  some,  and  as  we 
found  them  very  sweet,  we  enjoyed4  them  very  much. 
When  it  had  ceased  raining,  we  wished  the  people 5  of  the 
house  good  evening  and  went  away,  after  we  had  made  their 
little  daughter  a  present  of  half  a  crown. 

2.  On 6  our  walk  this  afternoon  we  perceived  a  little  boy 
in  the  street  with  large  holes  in  his  shoes  and  without 
stockings.  He  came  up  to  7  us,  took  off  his  cap,  and  begged 
for  a  penny.  As  it  was  very  cold,  we  took  him  with  us  to 8 
a  clothes-shop  and  bought  him  new  shoes  and  a  pair  of 
warm  stockings ;  we  also  gave  him  some  money  for  his 
parents.  The  poor  little  fellow  thanked  us  most  heartily 
and  ran  off  as  quickly  as  he  could. 

3.  Last  Tuesday 9  was  my  birth-day  and  we  took  a  drive 
from  our  country-house  into  the  town.  Mamma  had  to 
make  various  purchases.  First  we  went  to8  a  shop  to  buy10 
a  silk  dress  for  my  sister  Mary.  The  young  man  in  the  shop 
showed  us  different  silks,  but  Mary  did  not  like  the  color. 

1  anfangett,  326,  1,  b.  8  What  does  to  mean  here? 

2  What  case  does  bet  take  ?  9  This  is  not  to  be  expressed  by 

3  Use  Qtutt-  the  nominative. 

4  See  page  120.  10  A  purpose  may  be  expressed 
6  Not  accusative.  by  the  infinitive  with  ju  alone ;  but 

6  SStiljt'CUu  takes  the  genitive.  more  commonly  by  uitt  —  $U  with 

7  OUf  UttS  311.  the  infinitive. 


132  THE    IMPERFECT   TENSE. 

At  last  she  chose  a  dark  green  dress,  and  as  we  did  not  find 
the  price  too  high,  we  took  it.  From  this  shop  we  drove  to 
another  to  buy  a  bonnet,  and  at  last  to  a  confectioner's, 
where  we  ordered  some1  chocolate  and  cake,  because  we 
had  become 2  very  hungry. 

4.  Have  you  heard  that  there  were3  thieves  last  night  at4 
Mr.  Brown's  house  ?  Indeed  !  Do  you  know,  how  they  got6 
into  it6?  It  appears  they  brought  keys  with  them  and  opened 
several  doors.  At  last  they  found  the  room  and  cupboard 
where  the  silver  was  ;  they  could  not  take  all  with  them,7  but 
they  carried  away  the  greater  part  of  it :  table-spoons  and 
tea-spoons,  forks,  knives,  and  many  other  articles. 

5.  The  little  boy  begged  his  father's  pardon,  and  the 
latter  sent  him  to  his  mother  to  beg  her  pardon  also.  And 
why  did  he  beg  their  pardon  ?     That8  I  cannot  tell  you. 

215.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  @f$loffel,  table  spoon.  bie  §imbeere,  raspberry, 

ber  ©egenftcmb,  object.  bie  $rone,  crown. 

ber  §ut,  SDamenfyut,  bonnet.  bie  ^Rtitje,  Retype,  cap. 

ber  $Ietberlaben,  clothes-shop.  ^  ^^  dress. 

ber  £ud;en,  cake.  ba§  2an^au§/  country-house. 

^x%xi\$>,  price.  baSSocM'*- 

ber  ©cfyliiffel,  key. 

ber  ©cfcranf,  cupboard.  bunf  elgrfin,  dark  green. 

ber  <5d)u£,  bag  D6barf>,  shelter.  Wk  sweet 

bie  (^ofola'be,  chocolate.  bann'  barauf'  then>  thereupon. 

bie  (Srbbeere,  strawberry.  enbIt*'  lnU&>  at  lasL 

bie  garbe,  color,  fo  fd^neE . .,  as  quickly  as . . 


1  May  be  omitted.  *  With  what  auxiliary  is  font* 

2  gettJorDcn  toureit.  men  conjugated  ? 

3  gettiefen  flnn-  6  See  169.    7  ailed  mitneljmen. 

*  What  does  at  mean  here  ?  9  Use  boJ. 


READING   LESSON.  133 


Bcftig,  ftarf,  violently.  fortgefyen,  ging  fort,  fortgegan* 

fyerslitt;,  heartily.  gen  (f .),  to  go  off. 

anbieten,  hoi  an,  angeboten,  *     *a0cln, /*  *<«/. 

«•  offnen,  &  <#<?».   Cf.  aufmacben. 

rf ..        .  reanen,  to  rain. 

auffyoren,  to  cease.  vv»* v  ' 

gufommen,  lam  gu;  sugefommen     eg  ^^  ^  ^tfrJ. 

(f.),  /#  ^W^  /tf. 

beftellen,  /#  order.  oerfdfyiebene  (Sinlaufe  madden, 

bitten,  bat,  gebeten,  to  beg ;  um  to  make  various  purchases  ; 

ettoa§  bitten,  to  beg  for  some-  ©inern  einen  2tyfel  gum  $e= 

thing;  (Sinen  um  33ergeifyung  fdjienf  madden,  to  make  one  a 

bitten,  to  beg  one 's  pardon.  present  of  an  apple. 

216.  ft*  kltinc  gMtlty&teri* 

@§  toar  ein  falter,  ftrenger  SBinter.  2)a  fammelte  bie  Heine 
9ttinna,  bie  ein^ige  Xod;ter  mofyltfyattger  ©Item,  bie  $ruma)en 
unb  23rofamen,  bie1  iibrig  blieben,  unb  bemafyrte  fie.  ©a  ging  fie 
I)inau§  ^toeimal  be§  XageS  auf  ben  §of  unb  ftreute  bie  ^riundjen 
In'n,2  unb  bie  SSoglein  flogen  fyerbei  unb  picften  fie  auf.  £)em 
3Jlabc^en  gttterten  aber  bie  §anbe  oor  ffroft  in  ber  bittern  $alte. 

©a  belaufdjten  fie  bie  ©Item  unb  freuten  fia)  be£  lieblid^en 
2lnb ltdte  unb  fyraa;en :  „28arum  tfyuft  bit  ba§,  TOnna?"  —  „(£33 
ift  ja  2lUe§  mit  ©dmee  unb  @i§  bebedt,"  antmortete  9ftinna,  „baj$ 
bie  £I)tera)en  nicf)t3  finben  fonnen ;  nun  finb  fie  arm.  SDarum 
fxittere  i$  fie,  fo  mie4  bie  reid^en  9ftenf$en  bie  armen  unterftu^en 
unb  ernafyren."  3) a  fagte  ber  SSater :  „2tber  bu  lannft  fie  boa) 
nicfyt  alle  berforgen."  £)ie  Heine  ^Rinna  antmortete:  „%t)un 
benn  ntcfyt  alle  $inber  in  ber  2Belt  n)ie  ia),  fo  n)ie  ja6  au$  alle 
reia^en  £eute  bie  armen  berpflegen?" 

$rummad)er. 


1  The  relative  pronoun,  which.  4  fo  hlic,  just  as. 

2  The  verb  is  Jjtnfircuen.  6  See  page  119,  note  2,  and  com- 

3  Omit  in  translation.  pare  ja  in  the  fifth  line  above. 


134        RELATIVE    AND    INTERROGATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


SWeunjeljttte  Seftimt. 

217.  RELATIVE  AND   INTERROGATIVE   PRONOUNS. 

Sftein  9lcffe  hnrb  ten  fangcn  IBrief,  tieffen  Snljatt  tljm  fo 
tiicl  grcubc  gemadjt  Ijat,  kunttoortett,  elje  id)  Hon  mcincm 
©trnjiergaug,  iicn  idj  then  madjen  toriff,  priitfgefefjrt  Bin. 

My  nephew  will  answer  the  long  letter,  the  contents  of 
which  have  given  him  so  much  joy,  before  I  have  returned 
from  my  walk  which  I  am  just  going  to  take. 

218.  PARADIGMS. 

ber,  bie,  ba§ ;  toela^er,  tt)ela;e,  toeldjeg,  who,  which,  that 


SINGULAR. 

N. 

ber. 

bie. 

ba§. 

toelajer. 

toela^e.     roetcr)e§. 

G. 

beffen. 

beren. 

beffen.           beffen. 

beren.       beffen. 

D. 

bem. 

ber. 

bem. 

toela^em. 

roela^er.    roetefcenr 

A. 

ben. 

bie. 

bag. 

to  eld)  en. 

n)ela;e.      roeldfjeS. 

PLURAL. 

MASC.  &  FEM. 

NEUTER. 

N. 

bie. 

toelcfye. 

toer,  who  ? 

toa§,  what? 

G. 

beren. 

beren. 

toeffen,  whose? 

toeffen,  of  what? 

D. 

berten. 

tuelcfycn. 

ft)  em,  to  whom  ? 

wanting. 

A. 

bie. 

toelcfye. 

to  en,  whom  ? 

foaS,  what? 

219.  Observe  in  the  model  sentence  (1)  that  the  relative,  like 
certain  conjunctions,  requires  the  verb  to  be  placed  at  the  end  of  the 
clause,  and  that  when  the  verb  is  in  a  compound  tense,  the  auxiliary 
conies  last;  (2)  that  the  perfect  may  be  used  instead  of  the  future 
perfect  in  a  dependent  clause,  just  as  in  English:   here,  juriitfQCfctjrt 

6m,  instead  of  3uriirfgefc^rt  fctn  tocrbc 

Note.  —  Neither  of  the  pronouns  given  in  the  paradigms  is  originally 
and  properly  a  relative.  $>er  is  a  demonstrative  pronoun,  and  tBCldjtr, 
tuer,  and  tt)08  are  interrogatives.  As  relatives,  foer  and  tticld)tr  are  used 
almost  without  distinction. 


RELATIVE    AND    INTERROGATIVE    PRONOUNS.         135 

220.     Examine  the  following  groups  of  sentences : 

I. 

1.  3$  fann  Sfynen  rtid)t  ben  Harnett  beg  TlanntZ  fagert, 
meld)er  (<?r  ber)  fyeute  nad)  2#nen  Qefragt  I)at,  I  can  not  tell 
you  the  name  of  the  man  who  inquired  after  you  to-day. 

2.  3$  farm  Sfynen  md;t  fagert,  mer  fouU  nad;  glmen  gefragt 
r)at,  I  can  not  tell  you  who  asked  after  you  to-day. 

3.  §ter  ift  bag  Sua),  bag  (or  meld)eg)  ©ie  mir  gebradj)t  fyaben, 
here  is  the  book  which  you  have  brought  me. 

4.  ©te  fyaben  mir  bag  23u$  gebraa^t,  mag  mid)  fefyr  freut,  you 
have  brought  me  the  book,  (a  circumstance)  which  gives  me 
much  pleasure. 

(a)  Observe  that  if  the  relative  refers  to  a  particular  word,  called  the 
antecedent^  the  proper  form  of  bcr  or  hJCld)Ct  is  used.  But  if  the  ante- 
cedent is  not  a  single  word,  but  the  contents  of  a  clause,  the  interrogative 
foer  or  lua0  is  used. 

II. 

1.  3Ser  nid)t  fyoren  mitt,  muj$  fiifylen,  he  who  will  not  hear 
must  feel. 

2.  2Ba§  bu  r)eute  trmn  farmft,  fcerfd)iebe  ni$t  auf  morgen,  do 
not  put  off  till  to-morrow  what  (that  which)  you  can  do  to- 
day. 

3.  Sllleg,  mag  \a)  fyaht,  foE  betrt  fern,  all  I  have  shall  be 
thine. 

4.  -ftidjtg,  ma§  er  gefyort  r)at,  r)at  tr)m  33ergniigen  gemaa^t, 
nothing  he  has  heard  has  given  him  pleasure. 

5.  2)ag,  mag  er  er^afylt  r)at,  ift  tooEfommen  mafyr,  what  he  has 
related  is  perfectly  true. 

(b)  Observe  (1)  that  ttJCr  and  tBttS  may  be  used  in  the  sense  of  he 
who,  that  which;  (2)  that  tottS  is  used  after  aUt§,  ni(f)t0,  and  fcttS;  to 
which  add  cttUOS,  mattd)C0,  and  perhaps  Dtcleg  and  foClttgeS;  (3)  that 
the  relative  is  not  omitted  in  German  as  it  frequently  is  in  English. 
How  is  it  in  French  and  Latin? 


136        RELATIVE   AND    INTERROGATIVE    PRONOUNS. 

221.  A  relative  pronoun  is  seldom  used  after  a  preposition,  if  tha 
reference  is  to  things,  not  persons.  Instead  of  the  relative  pronoun  ths 
adverb  ft)0,  where,  is  used,  combined  with  a  preposition:  ft)  of  tit,  fot 
which  or  what ;  tDOl'ilt,  in  which  or  what ;  tDOltttt,  with  which  or  what  j 
rt)0t)0n,  of  which  or  what;  foOl  OUt*,  from  which  or  what ;  ttJOrailf,  upon 
which  or  what ;  tuOrtibev,  afoz*/  which  or  wAa/,  etc.  Compare  the  English 
wherein,  whereof  whereby,  wherewith,  etc.  When  does  it  appear  that  tDO 
becomes  tDOt?    Compare  with  this  58. 

222.  2litfga&e. 

I.  1.  Our  nephews  will  answer  the  long  letters,  the  con- 
tents1 of  which2  have  given  them  so  much  joy,  before  we 
have  returned.  2.  Has  he  answered  the  long  letter?  3. 
Not  yet,  but  he  will  answer  it  before  you  have  returned  from 
your  walk.  4.  We  shall  return  from  our  walk  before  he  has 
answered  his  letter.  5.  When  are  you  going  to  take  a  walk  ? 
6.  I  shall  take  one  after  I  have  answered  the  letters,  the 
contents  of  which  have  given  me  so  much  joy.  7.  Did  the 
contents  of  the  letter  which  he  has  received  from  his  father 
give  him  joy?  8.  Shall  you  return  from  your  walk  by3 
four  o'clock  ?  9.  I  must  return  before  that  time,4  as6  I  have 
my  nephew's  letter  to  answer.  10.  The  walk  which  we 
took  on  Wednesday  has  given  us  much  pleasure.  11.  I  hope 
the  contents  of  the  letters  which  you  received  this  morning 
have  given  you  pleasure.  12.  This6  is  the  letter  the  contents 
of  which  have  given  us  so  much  pleasure.  13.  My  brother, 
whose  letter  has  made  me  so  sad,  is  ill.  14.  My  sister,  whos^ 
letter  I  have  not  yet  answered,  will  return  to-morrow.  15. 
My  aunt,  whose  letters  always  give  me  so  much  pleasure, 
is  now  in  London.  16.  My  parents,  whose  letters  always 
contain  something  new,7  will  return  from  Paris  in  a  few 
days. 


1  The  singular,  fcer  3ltfjalt  4  before  that  time,  Tputinonev/ord. 

2  The  relative  comes  first  in  its  5  Use  Da,  and  see  212. 
clause,  as  in  Latin.  6  See  172  and  173. 

3  What  case  follows  urn?  7  See  page  46,  n.  4. 


RELATIVE   AND    INTERROGATIVE    PRONOUNS.         137 

17.  Will  you  tell  me  the  name  of  the  boy  whose  letter  you 
answered  this  morning  ?  18.  Will  you  tell  me  whose  letters 
you  answered  yesterday?  19.  Won't  you  tell  me  the  boy 
with  whom  you  have  made  the  excursion?  20.  Won't  you 
tell  me  with  whom  you  have  made  the  excursion?  21. 
Please  show  me  the  man  whom  you  have  asked.  22.  Please 
tell  me  whom  you  have  asked.  23.  All  that  he  said  about1 
the  excursion  was  true.  24.  What  he  said  about  America 
was  new  to  me.  25.  Your  nephew  related  something  that  I 
cannot  believe. 

26.  Yesterday  we  received  long  letters  from  our  dear 
nephews,  who  are  at  present  in  the  city,  whither  they 
recently  returned.  27.  They  had  made  an  excursion  into 
the  country,  where  they  saw  many  things  (meteg)  that  gave 
them  a  great  deal  of  pleasure.  28.  I  will  tell  you  in  a  few 
days  what  they  wrote  about. 

II.  1.  gri$,  geige  mir  boa)2  (ba§)  roa§  bu  fur  morgen  ju 
lemen  r)aft !  $3$  *)a&e  eg  Btd&t  lerrten  f  onrten ;  id)  §ahi  ja  *  fern 
23ua).  2.  Wtin  lieber  -fteffe,  faufe  [a  nia)t§,  roa3  oon  leinem 
^ftutjert  tft !  ©ie  braua)en  ba§  nia)t  ^u  fitra)ten,  lieber  Dnfel,  id) 
fyaht  \a  fern  ©elb.  3.  3Jlac^e  boa)  bie  %\)iix  gu,  Suife!  @3  tfyut 
mir  fefyr  letb,  aber  id)  farm  fie  rtia)t  3umaa)en ;  id)  fyabt  ja  meinc 
beiben  §artbe  Doll.  4.  ©agen  ©ie  ja  Sfyrem  SSater  ben  Harnett 
be3  §erm,  oort  bem  (me(a)em)  ©ie  bag  ©efa)enf  befommert  fyaben! 
5.  28oEen  ©ie  mir  nia)t  fagert,  bei  mem  ©ie  biefe  foftbare  Ufyr 
gefauft  fyaben?  6.  SLeilen  ©ie  mir  boa)  gefalligft4  mit,  roooon 
©ie  eben  gefyrod)en  r/aben.  7.  2Ste  r)ei^en  biefe  33lumd)en  auf 
beutfd)?  8.  jDiefc  nermen  mir  $ergijmteinnid)t6  unb  jene  SSeil* 
d)en.  9.  SBitte,  pfliicfert  ©ie  mir  boa)  einige  bacon!  10.  §ier 
fyabert  ©ie  aHe§,  roa§  id)  befommen  !ann. 

1  Use  ubcr  with  the  accusative.  3  See  p.  119,  n.  2.    4  See  199,  3. 

2  See  fcodj  ctltmal  used  in  the  6  The  syllable  mem  in  this  word 
same  way  and  with  substantially  is  an  old  form  of  the  genitive  sin- 
the  same  meaning  in  99.  gular.     See  page  96,  note  7. 


138         RELATIVE   AND    INTERROGATIVE   PRONOUNS. 


223.  £!»*  JujrfJliar*  &v anticin. 

Stoet  -JRcibdhen,  3Jlarte  unb  Suife,  gingen  aug  ifyrem  3)orf  in 
bie  <&tabt,  too  fie  bag  Dbft  fcerfaufen  rootften,  bag  fie  in  ifyren 
$orben  trugen.  -Jftarie  Wax  un^ufrieben  unb  murrte  beftanbig, 
benn  bte  £aft,  ft>ela)e  fie  $u  iragen  fyatti,  Wax  fd)toer.  3$re  ^es 
gleiterin  Suife  bagegen  lacfyte  unb  fd&ergte.  S)a  fagte  9ftarie: 
„9Sie  lannft  bu  nur1  lacfyen  unb  fa^ergen?  SDein  $orb  ift  \a  fo 
fa;roer  roie  ber  meinige,  unb  bu  bift  urn  nidjjtg2  ftdrfer  alg  to)." 

Suife  fyxaa) :  „3a)  fyabe  ^u  meiner  Saft  ein  geroiffeg  ^rauta^en 
gelegt,  bag  biefelbe  Ieid)t  maa^t.  £f)ue  bag  ana)  !"  — „@i,"  rief 
SRarie,  „bag  muf$  ein  foftbareg  $raut$en  fein.  ©ag'  mir  bod), 
h)ie  eg  fyeiftt  unb  too  ia)  eg  finbe,  baft  i$  mir  meine  Saft  audj 
bamit  erleia^tem  fann."  —  Suife  antroortete :  „S)ag  loftbare 
$rautlein,  bag  aEe  TOifye  leister  ma$t,  finbeft  bu  in  bir  felbft ; 
eg^etftt  — ©ebulb." 

224.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  Segleiter,  companion.  bag  ®raut,  kerb;  dim.  krauts 

Cf.  begleiten.  lein  and  $rdutd;en. 

ber  Roxb,  basket  (125,  1).  beftanbig,  constantly. 

ber  gjlufeigganger,  idler.  foftbar,  costly,  precious. 

ber  Stolen,  km.    Cf.  nttfclicfc.  fcid&t,    iight^    easyt      Oppos. 
ber  &§ix%,joke.  farmer. 

traurig,  .sW,  mournful. 

bte  SBegleiterin,  companion.  ungufrieben,  discontented. 

bie  ©ebulb,  patie?ice.  bage'gen,  on  the  contrary. 

bie  Saft,  burden.  bod),  though,  yet;  doubtless. 

1  Adds  indefiniteness  and  em-  Compare   quis  est  nam   Indus  in 

phasis  to  tote:  how  in  the  world?  undis?    Verg.  Ec.  IX.  39. 
9lud),  even,  and  immrr,  ever,  are  2  um  ni^td  expresses  degree; 

used  in  the  same  way,  very  often  um  niti)t$  ftiirfer,  by  nothing  stron- 

separated  by  one  or  more  words  ger=no  stronger.    Compare  in  La 

from  the  relative  or  interrogative.  tin,  nihilo ;  nihilo  minus,  no  less. 


RELATIVE   AND    INTERROGATIVE    PRONOUNS.         139 

entfyalten  (fyatft,  fyctlt),  entfyielt,  fermen,    fannte,     gefannt,    to 

erttfyaltert,  /b  cotitain.  know. 

erleidjtem,  leister  madden,  to  lacfyen,  to  laugh.    Cf.  lacfyetrt, 

lighten.  to  smile. 

fyeiftert,  fyiej},  gefyetften,  to  call,  mit'tetlen,  to  tell,  communicate. 

be  called.  murrert,  to  murmur,  grumble. 

225.  Slufga&c. 

1.  Miss  Louisa,  there  was  a  lady  this  morning  who  wanted 
to  see  you.  2.  Do  you  know  who  she  was  ?  3.  I  know  her 
by  sight,  but  I  do  not  know  her  name.  4.  Who  was  the 
gentleman  that  wanted  to  call  upon1  me  last  night?  5.  I  did 
not  know  him,  nor2  do  I  know  his  name,  as  he  did  not  leave3 
his  card.  6.  Mr.  N.,  who  is  always  ready  to  help  the  poor, 
got  warm  clothes  made  for  the  children  of  a  poor  woman 
whose  husband  died  some  weeks  ago.  7.  The  poor  man 
whose  wife  broke  her  arm  a  fortnight  ago4  came  this 
morning  to  thank  me  for  the  money  which  I  had  sent  him. 
8.  The  furniture  which  Mr.  O.  bought  in  London  a  week  ago 
is  very  cheap,  which  greatly  surprises  me,  as  it  is  most  ele- 
gantly5 and  solidly  made. 

9.  Poor  old  Thomas,  whom  you  have  often  seen  in  our 
house,  is  very  ill,  and  I  fear  it  will  be  a  long  time  before  he 
quite  recovers.6  3  0.  What  is  the  matter  with  him  ?  11.  He 
has  a  troublesome  cough,  and  also  suffers  greatly  from6 
headache,  which  does  not  let  him  sleep.  12.  I  am  very  sorry 
for  the  poor  man.  13.  My  neighbor  called  his  servant  a 
thief,  because  he  has  stolen  various  articles7  which  were 
locked  up  in  a  drawer.     14.  This  tree,  the  leaves  of  which 


1  See  vocabulary,  181.  4  See  vocabulary,  p.  89. 

2  aitd)  —  ttidjt,  like  the  Latin  5  auf$  elcgantefle. 

neque.  6  gcttcfctt  fettt  ttrirfc. 

3  Use  abgcben.  various  articles,  ticrf(f)tc&enc8. 


140        RELATIVE    AND    INTERROGATIVE    PRONOUNS. 

give  us  such  a  pleasant  shade,  is  a  nut-tree.  15.  This  nut- 
tree,  which  my  grandfather  planted  many  years  ago,  has 
become  a  large  tree,  on  whose  branches 1  birds  build  their 
nests.  16.  From  whom  have  you  received  the  beautiful 
flowers  with  which  you  have  adorned  your  bonnet  ? 

226.  Slufaa&e* 

[Read  aloud  the  following  sentences,  supplying  the  proper  form  of  the 
relative  pronoun  in  each;  then  repeat,  changing  to  the  plural,  as  far  as 
the  15th.] 

1.  £)er  §err,  mit  —  (Sie  auf  ber  3a9b2roaren  unb  —  (gen.) 
§unb  ben  Qa]zn  fud)te,  ift  em  greunb  meineS  3Sater3. 

2.  3)er  §err,  —  geftern  bet  mir  »ortyra$,  ift  em  Sefannter 
con  mir.  3.  3)ie  3)ame,  —  unS  geftern  einen  53efud)  mad)en 
roollte,  ift  eine  33erroanbte  oon  un§.  4.  2>a§  Sua),  —  auf  bem 
%tftf)  liegt,  entr)dlt  eine  fyiibfd)e  ©rgafylung. 

5.  5ftein  SBegleiter,  —  (gen.)  33efanntfd)aft  id)  macfyte,  al3 
roir  nad)  2B.  reiften,  ift  fefyr  unterbaltenb.  6.  9ttarien3  33e= 
gleiterin,  —  (gen.)  $orb  ^hm  fo  fd)roer  roar,  rote  ber  ifyrige, 
geigte  me&r  ©ebulb  ati  fie.  7.  3d)  §aU  ba§  $ferb,  —  ©eftalt 
unb  garbe  3fynen  fo  fefyr  gefattt,  iron  ©nglanb  erfyalten. 

8.  £)er  SSogel,  iron  —  roir  fyrad)en,  roar  ein  5lbler.  9.  $)ie" 
fa^one  roetfte  Qauhe,  iron  —  roir  fpracfyen,  ger^ort  meinem  Dtfacfybar. 
10.  (Sinb  ©ie  in  bem  3^mmer  getoefen,  in  —  ber  Sdfwler 
arbeitet  ? 

11.  ^ft  ber  £ofmeifter  (§au§Iefyrer),  —  er  fur  feine  £inber 
angenommen  fyat,  ein  Deutfa^er  ober  ein  granrofe  ?  12.  3f*  bie 
(Sr^iefyerm  (©ouoernante),  —  er  fur  feine  £ba;ter  angenommen 
fyat,  eine  2)eutfdf)e  ober  eine  granjofin?  13.  2)a§  §au§,  -— 
2#r  §err  SBater  un3  jeigte,  ift  fd)on  oermietet. 

14.  gd)  barf  Sfynen  ben  3J?ann  (bie  grau)  ma?t  nennen,  — 
(— )  e§  mir  er^a^lt  fyat.  15.  3$  *>arf  3^nen  ™$*  fagen,  —  e3 
mir  crja^It  fyat. 

1  auf  bcffen  &flen.  *  Sag*),  *««* 


RELATIVE    AND    INTERROGATIVE    PRONOUNS. 


141 


16.  £)tefeg  ift  bcr  ©cfyiiler  (bie  ©a^ulerin),  —  Uberfetmng  ©ie 
corrigiert  fyaben.  17.  SSolIen  ©ie  mir  gefattigft  fagen,  —  libers 
fetmng  ©ic  eben  corrigiert  fyaben  ? 

18.  §ier  ift  bcr  ©anger  (bie  ©angerin),  Don  —  ( — )  mir 
bag  fdbone  Sieb  fyaben  fingen  l)oren.  19.  3$  to«f$  nic^t  mefyr, 
toon  —  id)  bag  fct)one  2ieb  I)abe  fingen  fyoren. 

20.  £)iefe§  ift  ber  Sebiente  (bie  $?agb),  burd>  (by)  —  (— ) 
cr  mir  bag  Dbft  gefanbt  fyat.  21.  SSarum  motten  ©ie  mir  t»er= 
fdfymeigen,  bur$  —  cr  mir  bag  Dbft  gefanbt  fyat  ? 

22.  2ltleg,  —  auf  bem  £ifa)  liegt,  gefyort  mir.  23.  $d;  fafy 
in  bem  Saben  nidjtg,  —  mir  geficl.  24.  QaS,  —  er  mir  er^afylte, 
mujjte1  id)  \<fyon  border. 


227. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  21ft,  branch. 

ber  ©atte,  ber  9ftann,  husband. 

ber  §err,  gentleman. 

ber    §ofmeifter,    §auglefyrer, 

tutor. 
ber  ©fatten,  shadow,  shade. 

bie  $)ame,  lady. 

bie  ©rgafylung,  story,  narration. 

bie  grau,  lady,  wife. 

bie  ©attin,  wife. 

bie  ©eftal^/tfTT^y^/r. 

bie  $arte,  card. 

billig,  _/W/,  ,/a/V  /  cheap. 
bauerfyaft,  lasting,  solid. 

Cf.  gebiegen. 
elegant',  elegant. 


fertig,  mz</y.    Cf.  bereit. 
laftig,  troublesome. 
forgfaltig,  careful.      Cf.  toor= 

ftdjtig. 
nnterfyal'tenb,  entertaining. 

toon  2lnfet)en,  £y  «£■///. 

toor,  «^/  toor  acfyt  Xagen,  a 

week  ago. 
toorfyer,  beforehand. 

cinfa^lie^en,  fa;lo{$  ein,  einge* 

fa^loffen,  to  lock  up. 
ermafynen,  to  mention. 
r,etfen  ftttfft,  £>itft),  $alf,  ge= 

r)o!fen  (with  dat.),  to  help. 
fennen,1    lannte,    gelannt,    to 

know.    Cf.  miff  en. 


1  fcttnen  corresponds  in  general 
to  the  French  connaitre,  and  the 


Latin  novi,  as  ttJtffcit  does  to  savoir 
and  scio. 


142 


READING   LESSON. 


leiben,  Ittt,  gelitten,  to  suffer ; 
er  leibet  an  $o:pftoefy,  he 
suffers  from  headache. 

Io§  merben,  to  get  rid  of. 

fcfymiicfen,  oergierert,  to  adorn. 

ftf)toeigen,  f$roieg,  gefa;nnegen, 
to  conceal. 


fterben,  ftarb,  geftorben  (f.),  to 

die  (211). 
iiberrafdjen,  to  surprise;  ficfy 

rounbem,  to  be  surprised. 
oermieten,  to  let. 


228. 


H«  £<mtttf  iwfr  tutv  gtlutfr. 


(Stnft  ftritten  \xa)  bie  (Sonne  unb  ber  2Binb,  roer  oon  ifynen 
beiben  ber  ftdrlere  jet,1  unb  man  marb  einig,2  berjenige  fotte  bafiir 
gelten,  ber  einen  SSanberer,  ben  fie  zb^n  oor  fidj  fafyen,  am  erften 
notigen  rottrbe,3  feinen  Mantel  abjulegen. 

<Soglei$  begann  ber  28mb  $u  ftiirmen;  Sftegen  unb  §agel= 
fdfyauer  unterfttttjten  ifyn.  2)er  arme  SKanberer  jammerte  unb 
$agte;  aber  tmmer  fefter  unb  fefter  tottfelte  er  fid)  in  feinen 
Mantel  ein  unb  fettfe  feinen  2Beg  fort,  fo  gut4  er  lonnte. 

3e£t  lam  bie  9teifye  an  bie  (Sonne.  Wit  milber  unb  fanfter 
©lut  Iiej$  fie  ifyre  Strafylen  ^erabfaUen.  §immel  unb  @rbe 
iourben  fyetter,  bie  Siifte  ermarmten  \xa).  ©er  2Banberer  »er= 
moa^te5  ben  Mantel  ni$t  longer  auf  feinen  Sa^ultern  §u  er= 
bulben.  @r  marf  t^n  ah  unb  erquidte  fidj>  im  Bfyattzn  eme3 
33aume§,  inbe§  bie  Sonne  fid?  ifyre§  Sieged  erfreute. 

GEamerartuS. 


1  Present  subjunctive  of  fein; 
translate  was.     See  303,  2. 

2  it  was  agreed. 

3  should  compel. 


4  9U§  and  tote  are  frequently 
omitted  in  comparative  expres- 
sions, especially  if  a  verb  follows. 

6  Imperfect  of  UcrmiiflCll. 


SEPARABLE    AND    INSEPARABLE    PREFIXES.  143 

Stoanjiufte  Settion. 

229.  SEPARABLE  AND   INSEPARABLE   PREFIXES. 

$iefe§  flub1  m\)i  Me  Contooner  Settungett,  toclrfjc  uorfjin 
fiit  6ie  ttttfatncn  ?  9(Ber  lam  knit  nidjt  atti^  cine  fransaftfdje 
fiir  metneu  ©ruber  ?  ($r  Be!  ommt  ja 2  jciicn  9Wttttoodj  cine 
Un  cittern  ^arifer  greunto.  —  3a,  Sljr  £err  SBwkr  ljttt 
audi  etne  Settling  Befommen  (etttyfaitflen,  erljalten),  abet  ct 
Ijat  fie  ftfleUj  ctngeftcrft  (in  Me  $afdje  fleftetft)  unti  mitge* 
nommen. 

These,  I  suppose,  are  the  London  newspapers  which  came 
for  you  a  little  while  ago  ?  But  did  not  also  a  French  one 
come  for  my  brother  ?  You  know  he  receives  one  from  a 
Paris  friend  every  Wednesday.  —  Yes,  your  brother  has  also 
received  a  newspaper,  but  he  immediately  put  it  into  his 
pocket  and  took  it  with  him. 

230.  1.  Observe  that  fiottfcotter  and  $gfifet  are  examples  of  adjec 
tives  formed  from  names  of  towns  by  adding  cr,  and  that  they  are  used 
without  inflection. 

2.  Observe  that  in  a  dependent  sentence  —  ttJCl^C  •  •  .  Qltfamcn  —  the 
separable  prefix  is  not  disjoined  from  the  root  of  the  verb.  How  is  it  if 
the  sentence  is  not  dependent  ?     See  64. 

231.  The  prefixes  Be,  etttj),  Cttt,  er,  ge,  tier,  and  ger,  are 

never  separated  from  the  verbs  with  which  they  are  com- 
pounded. The  prefix  mt§  is  rarely  separable.  The  prepo- 
sition totter,  against,  is  also  used  as  an  inseparable  prefix. 
Verbs  compounded  with  these  prefixes  do  not  take  the 
additional  prefix  ge  in  forming  the  past  participle.  How  is 
it  with  verbs  compounded  with  separable  prefixes  ?     See  64. 


1  $iefe3  finfc.     See  173.  2  See  page  119,  note  2. 


144 


SEPARABLE   AND    INSEPARABLE    PREFIXES. 


232.  The  prefixes  butdj,  through,  fifier,  over,  utlt,  about, 
Utttet,  under,  and  fjiutcr,  behind,  are  used  sometimes  as 
separable,  sometimes  as  inseparable,  according  as  the  prefix 
or  the  root  of  the  verb  has  the  principal  accent : 


bttrd^laufen,  to  run  through. 
u'berfefsert,  to  ferry  over. 
um'gefyen,  to  go  round. 
un'terfyalten,  to  hold  under. 
fyin'tergefyen,  to  go  behind. 


burcfylau'fen,  to  peruse  hastily. 
iiberfe'^en,  to  translate. 
umge'fyen,  to  evade. 
unterfyal'tert,  to  entertain. 
fytnterge'&en,  to  deceive. 


233.     Observe  the  formation  of  substantives  and  adjectives 
from  names  of  countries  in  the  following : 


(Suropa,  Europe. 

ber  (Suropder. 

europaifd). 

Slmerifa,  America. 

ber  2(meri!ancr. 

amerifanifdj 

@nglanb,  England. 

ber  ©ngldnber. 

engliftfj. 

©cfyottlanb,  Scotland. 

ber  ©cfyottldnber. 

fd&otttfdj. 

gtlanb,  Ireland. 

ber  Srlanbcr. 

irldnbtftf). 

§oIIanb,  Holland. 

ber  §oIIdnbcr. 

fyoHdnbifd). 

Selgten,  Belgium. 

ber  Selgtcr. 

belgifdj. 

S)eutf  cfylartb,  Germany. 

ber  2)eutfcfye. 

beutfcr). 

Sfterreid),  Austria. 

ber  Dftretcfycr. 

oftretcfytfcfj. 

Stalten,  Italy. 

ber  Stalienet. 

italiemfd). 

^reufjen,  Prussia. 

ber  $reuf$e. 

preufjtfcfj. 

granfretrf),  France. 

fctr  gran&ofe. 

franpftfdj. 

SRujjlanb,  Russia. 

ber  SRuffe. 

rufftfdj. 

£5drtemarf,  Denmark. 

ber  SDdne. 

bdnifdj. 

©cfytoeben,  Sweden. 

ber  ©cfytoebe. 

fcfytoebffdj. 

©rtecfyenlanb,  Greece. 

ber  ©rtecfye. 

griecfyifdEj. 

Notes.  —  1.  The  adjective  fteittftf)  is  also  used  as  a  substantive,  but 
retains  its  declension  as  an  adjective:  feet,  &te  ^CUtfdjC;  Cttt  $CUtfd)er; 

pi.,  Die  SDeutfdjen. 

2.  Feminine  appellatives  are  formed  from  the  above  masculines  by 
adding  in  to  those  ending  in  ct,  and  by  substituting  in  for  final  t. 

3.  For  the  gender  of  names  of  countries,  see  134,  1. 


SEPARABLE    AND    INSEPARABLE    PREFIXES.  145 


234.  2lttfaabe* 

[Read  again  172  and  173.] 

I.  1.  Are  these  Paris  papers?  2.  No,  they  are  not 
French,  but1  German  papers;  I  get  them  every  Saturday 
from  a  Frankfort 2  friend.  3.  When  did  they  arrive  ?  4. 
They  arrived  a  little  while  ago.  5.  Will  you  put  them  into 
your  pocket  and  take  them  with  you  for  your  brother? 
6.  Please,  put  this  English  newspaper  into  your  pocket  and 
give  it  to  your  parents.  7.  This  is,  I  suppose,  the  London 
Illustrated  News,3  which  your  sister  got  a  little  while  ago  ? 
8.  I  beg  your  pardon,  this  is  an  old  one  of  last  week ;  the 
one 4  which  she  received  this  morning  she  immediately  put 
into  her  pocket  and  took  with  her.  9.  Has  your  Dutch 
friend  arrived  whom  you  have  been  expecting  the  whole 
week  ?  10.  Yes,  she  arrived  last  night  and  brought  her  two 
children  with  her. 

II.  How  many  times5  a6  week  do  you  receive  English 
papers  ?  12.  We  receive  English  papers  every  day,  and  twice 
a  week  we  get  German  papers.  13.  Mrs.  C.  has  taken  the 
American  paper  with  her  which  arrived  for  her  this  after- 
noon. 14.  Miss  M.  has  translated  the  Italian  letter  for  me 
which  I  received  last  night.  15.  He  translated  this  exercise 
without  a  mistake.  16.  How  did  you  entertain  your  French 
friends  who  were  with  7  you  last  week  ?  17.  We  took  them 
twice  with  us  to8  the  theatre  and  once  to  a  concert;  we 
showed  them  the  zoological  gardens  and  all  that9  is  to  be 

1  See  page  96,  note  8.     The  stu-  6  In  German,  the  week. 

dent   of  Greek   will   observe   that  7  The  learner  who  has  studied 

fotttlCftt  answers  to  ukXd,  but  on  the  Latin  will  often  find  it  helpful  to 

contrary.  associate  f)Ct  in  meaning  with  apud, 

a  ^t'Qtllfurtcr.  and  Mitt  with  cum.    See  p.  87,  n.  5. 

3  ^ttufirtcrte  3C^M119.  8  Consider  what  to  means  here, 

*  the  one,  uicjentflC  and  see  page  72,  note  4. 

5  2BtC  tJiclmol  9  See  page  135  (b). 


146  SEPARABLE    AND    INSEPARABLE    PREFIXES. 

seen1  in  our  town.  18.  Please,  hold  something  under,  or2 
the  ink  will  flow  on  the  floor.  19.  On  bur  ride  we  came  to  a 
ditch  and  passed  over.  20.  Poor  boy,  his  pony  ran  away8 
with  him  and  threw  him  off. 

II.  1.  2Sa§  entfyalt  biefeS  $orb$en?  2.  fWeine  £ante  t&at 
einige  Gster  binein,4  toeldje  erne  grau  oom  £anb  tfyr  oerfauft  v)at 
§ier  ftnb  fie.  3.  3)a3  finb  fer/r  grof$e  @ier ;  e§  finb  bie  gro^ten 
@ier,  bie  id}  feit  langem  gefefyen  f)abe.  4.  2Bie  oiet  hat  fie  bafiir 
be^ahlt?  5.  3d>  glaube,  einen  ©rofcfyen  ba§5  ©titd.  6.  SDa§  ift 
fefyr  roenig ;  im  2Binter  foften  fie  mefyr.  7.  %a)  roeift,  baft  id}  fdjon 
8  imb  9  ©rofajen  fur  ba£6  fyalbe  2)u|enb  be$ar/lt  fyabe.  8.  2Bo 
f auf  en  ©ie  3$re  Gster?  9.  3$  laufe  fie  felten  auf  bem  Wlaxit 
ober  in  einem  Saben ;  eine  grew  00m  £anbe,  roeiaje  felbft  §urmer 
fyalt,  oerforgt  mid)  bamit  fcfyon  feit  3  ober  4  ^afyrert.  10.  %a) 
mujj  ifyr  etroa£  mefyr  be^ahlen,  aber  id)  farm  mid)  barauf  oerlaffen, 
baft  fie  frifd)  finb.  11.  28ir  effen  jeben  SJiorgen  @ier  §um  gri% 
ftiicf.  12.  Csffen  ©ie  fie  gem  roeid)  ober  fyart  gefoiten  (gefocfyt)  ? 
13.  2Beia)  gefotten,  xa)  fyalte  bie  bartgefottenen  fur  unoerbaulid). 

14.  ©precfyen  ©ie  beutfa),  graulein  ©.  ?  15.  Nod)  mcfyt,  aber 
id)  fyabe  angefangen,  e§  $u  lernen.  16.  23ei  roem  nefymen  ©ie 
Untemdjjt?  33et  £erm  D.    17.  2Sie  biele  ©tunben  fyaben  ©ie  bie 

2Borf)e  ?  S^et.  18-  ®a^  if*  ^aum  3ermS  ;  wenn  ®*e  raf$e  $oxi* 
fd)ritte  madden  rootlen,  miiffen  ©ie  roenigften§  3  big5  4  Seltionen 
bie  2Sorf)e  nefymen,  unb  jeben  Xag  eine  ober  mefyrere  ©tunben  auf 
ba§  ©tubium  be§  3)eutfa;en  oerroenben.  19.  SSerfaumen  ©ie  ja6 
ntd&t,  bie  fa>n  iiberfetjten  Slufgaben  in  2#rer  ©rammatil  fleiftig 
§u  roieberfyoten  unb  bem  ©ebaa^tniS  feft  einjupragen ;  unb  roenn 
©ie  ein  roenig  roeiter  oorgefd>ritten  finb,  benu^en  ©ie  jebe  ©e* 
Iegenfyeit,  bie  fi$  glmen  barbietet,  beutfd;  §u  fprecfyen. 

1  After  fcin,  to  be,  and  fieljen,  to  2  foitfl- 

stand,  the  active  infinitive  is  fre-  3  tiurrfl^cljcil- 

quently  used  in  German  with  a  pass-  4  Why  not  Jjorttl  ?     See  169. 

ive  sense.     So  we  say,  this  house  is  5  Observe  the  idiom. 

to  let;  there  is  nothing  to  do.  6  See  page  119,  note  2. 


SEPARABLE    AND    INSEPARABLE    PREFIXES. 


147 


235.      Dtftr  alt*  #*lftt  txxtt*  jmtgcu  fjlitt**** 

@tn  irlcinbif^er  Saner  ging  in  ben  alien  ^3alaft  ^n  (Sbinburg, 
um  bie  ^ortrcitg  ber  fcfyottifajen  $onige  gn  fefyen.  @r  bemerfte 
unter  ben  2J?onardjen  einen,  ber  ein  fefyr  jngenblidheg  2lngfefyen 
i^atte,  toafyrenb  beff  en x  6ofyn  mlt  einem  langen  Sart  gemalt  toar 
unb  bie  3itge  fefyr  fyofyen  2llterg  trug.  3)  a  rief  ber  Saner  ang : 
„2Bie  ift  eg  moglid),  bafc  biefer  jnnge  9ftann  einen  fo  alten  6ofyn 
fyaben  lonnte  ?" 


236. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  Soben,  ground,  floor. 
ber  ©raben,  ditch,  grave. 
ber  3U9/  Pull;  train;  feature. 

bie  ©elegenfyeit,  opportunity. 
bie  ©rammatif,  grammar. 
bie  Stnnbe,  ^<?z/r,  lesson. 

bag  Sitter,  d£*. 

bag  2tugfefyen,  appearance, 

ba§  £)nt$enb,  dW#. 

bag  ©ebadfytnig,  memory ;  bem 

©ebaa^tnig  einpragen,  fc  ^wz- 

0liV  to  memory. 
ba§  §ufyn,  hen,  fowl. 
bag  ©tubinm,  .##</)>. 

f  eft,  firm,  firmly. 
jngertblta),  youthful. 
raftt),  quick,  quickly. 
nntoerbanlid),  indigestible. 
felten,  seldom. 
toenigfteng,  <z/  least. 


abinerfen,  toarf  ab,  abgetoorfen, 

to  throw  off. 
benn^en,  to  use,  avail o?ieself  of . 
barbieten,  bot  bar,  bargeboten, 

to  offer.    Cf.  anbteten. 
entfyalten  (er  entfyalt),  entfytelt, 

entfyalten,  to  contain. 
ertoarten,  to  expect,  look  for. 
fyinemtfynn,  tfyat  fyinetn,  fymein= 

getfyan,  to  put  into. 
fieben  (foajen),  fott,  gefotten,  to 

boil. 
toerlaffen,  fcerliej},  fcerlaffen,  to 

leave,    abandon;    fta)    tter= 

laffen  anf,  to  depend  upon. 
fcerfanmen,  to  neglect. 
fcerforgen  mit,  to  provide  with. 
toertoenben  anf,  to  devote  to. 
fcorfa^reiten,  fa)ritt  box,  borge* 

fa^ritten  (f.),  to  advance. 
toieberfyo'len,  to  repeat. 


1  of  that  one  =  his. 


148  SEPARABLE   AND    INSEPARABLE    PREFIXES. 


237.  Stufgabe, 

1.  Can  you  tell  me  at  what  o'clock  the  train  starts  for 
N  ?  2.  I  think  at  half  past  8,  or  a  quarter  to  9.  3.  Here  is 
a  time-table  ;  let  us  look  at  it !  4.  I  see  it  starts  at  10  minutes 
to  9,  and  I  have  no  time  to  lose.  5.  Do  not  forget  to  take  a 
newspaper  with  you  for  the  way  !  *  6.  You  are  right ;  I  will 
buy  one  at2  the  station;  it  will  help  me  to  pass  away  the 
time.  Good-bye !  7.  I  say ! 3  What  *  papers  have  you  to 
sell  ?  8.  These  are  London  papers,  sir,  and  that  is  a  Paris 
one ;  but  perhaps  you  prefer  a  German  paper  ?  9.  Here  is 
the  Frankfort  Journal.5  10.  Thank  you  !  What  does  it  cost? 
11.  Four  pence,  sir.  12.  Here  is  sixpence;  never  mind  the 
two  pence  !     13.  Much  obliged  to  you,  sir. 

14.  Is  this  the  train  for  N  ?  15.  Yes,  sir,  get  aboard,6 
if  you  please;  we  shall  start  directly.  16.  This  carriage  is 
not  very  convenient ;  it  is  low,  and  the  air  in  it  is  not  very 
agreeable.  17.  A  gentleman  who  left  the  carriage  at2  the 
last  station,  has  been  smoking.  18.  We  are  going  very  fast ; 
I  do  not  like  going  so  fast.  19.  We  shall  soon  arrive  at  the 
first  station.  20.  How  long  shall  we  have  to  stop  there  ? 
21.  Only  a  few  minutes.  22.  Some  months  ago  I  came  the 
same  way,  and  we  were  obliged  to  stop  half  an  hour.  23. 
That  is  very  unpleasant. 

238.  Turn  into  German  : 

An  industrious  old  woman  in  the  country  called  her  two 
maid-servants  to  their  work  every  morning  as  soon  as  her 
cock  crew.  The  servants  were  greatly  annoyed  that  they 
were  obliged  to  get  up  so  early,  and  determined  to  kill  the 


1  for  the  way,  fur  UltfertDCgS.  4    What  sort  of. 

2  Use  ttUf  with  the  dative.  5  Neuter  gender. 

3  forest  Sie  cinmol  6  einfletgen. 


SEPARABLE    AND    INSEPARABLE    PREFIXES. 


149 


cock.  But  when  the  old  woman  did  not  hear  the  crowing1  of 
her  cock  any  longer,2  she  did  not  know  the  time  at  all,3  and 
now  called  the  servants  even  4  earlier  tha'n  before,  sometimes 
soon  after  midnight. 

VOCABULARY. 


239. 

ber  Safmfyof,  station. 
ber  gafyrplan,  time-table. 
ber  §afyrt,  cock. 
ber  Sftautf),  smoke. 
ber  Qua,  nad),  train  for. 

bie  Slrbeit,  work. 
bie  £uft,  air. 

bie  9Jttttemad)t,  midnight. 
bie  Station',  station.  (See  p.  4.) 
Cf.  Safynfyof. 

cmgenefym,  agreeable,  pleasant. 
argerlicfy,  annoying,  annoyed. 
mebrtg,  low ;  mean. 

Oppos.  fyocf). 
berborben,  spoiled,  ruined. 

frill),  early. 


tncmcfymat,  ^utoetlen,  sometimes. 
fo  balb  al§,  as  soon  as. 
fogleid),  immediately. 
toafyrfcfyeinlid),  probably. 

anfyalten,  fyielt  an,  angefyalten, 

to  stop,  to  halt. 
anfefyen,  fal)  an,  angefefyen,  /<? 

look  at. 
aufftefyen,  ftanb  auf,  aufgeftan= 

ben  (f .),  to  get  up. 
bef^liefjen,  befd)loft,  befd;loffen, 

to  resolve,  determine. 
frafyen,  to  crow. 
raud)en,  to  smoke. 
toten,  to  kill,  destroy. 
umbringen,  braa^te  urn,  tunge* 

brad)t,  to  kill. 


auf  bent  2Beg,  tmterft>eg3,  on  the  way. 

er  fyat  3^ed£)t  (Unrest),  he  is  right  {wrong). 

e£  ift  rec^t  (unredjt),  //  is  right  (wrong). 

fid)  bie  $eit  fcertreiben,  to  while  away  one's  time. 

abieu ;  leben  ©ie  rr>or)I ;  i$  empfefyle  mid;  2#nen/  good-bye. 

e§  tfyut  ni$t§ ;  laffen  <Sie  nur,  never  mind. 

fefyr  berbunben ;  banle  fajon ;  banle  beften§,  much  obliged. 


1  bus  Hriiljen. 

1  not -any  longer,  mtfjt  mef)r. 


3  not- at  all,  gat  tttdjt 

4  Itod),  like  etiam  in  Latin. 


150  READING    LESSON. 


240.  .  <p*r  gvoff*  iimifc. 

Unten  in  ber  23irtgftube  einer  fleinen  ©tabt  fafj  ber  23aren= 
fiifyrer  unb  ber^efyrte a  feiti  Slbenbbrob ;  ber  $etj  ftanb  braujjen 
Winter  bem  §o(jftoge  angebunben,  ber  arme  $ei3,  ber  feiner  ©eele 
etmag  gu  Seibe  that,  menn  er  aud) 2  grimmig  genug  augfafy.  Dben 
im  (Srfergimmer  fpielten  beim  Sftonbenfcfyetne  brei  f  letne  $inber ; 
ba§  dltefte  mar  mof)l  fect)g  3>afyre,  bag  jimgfte  nicfyt  mebr  benn3 
gmei.  —  „$latfcf),  flatfd)!"  lommt  eg  bie  £reppe  fyinauf;  mer 
mocbte 4  bag  fein  ?  2)ie  £fyiir  fprang  auf  —  eg  mar  ber  $et},  ber 
gottige  53dr !  @r  fyattt  fid)  gelangmetlt  ba  unten  im  §ofe  §u  ftet)en 
unb  nun  ben  2Beg  gur  Xreippe  fyinauf  gefunben.  2)ie  $inber  maren 
iiber  bag  groj$e,  gottige  £ier  fefyr  erfdjroden,5  fie  frozen 6  jebeg  in 
feinen  SBinfel,  aber  er  fanb  fie  atle  brei,  berii^rie  fie  mit  ber 
Scfynau^e,  fyat  ifynen  aber  md)tg. 

„2)ag  ift  fid;er  em  grower  §unb,"  batten7  fie,  unb  bann 
ftreidjelten  fie  it)n.  (£r  Iegte  ftct)  auf  ben  gujjboben,  ber  lleinfte 
$nabe  maljte  fict)  oben  brauf  unb  fpielte  23erfted  mit  feinem  golb= 
gelodten  $opfd)en  in  beffen 8  bidem,  fajmarjem  ^elje.  -Jhm  nafym 
ber  dltefte  $nabe  feine  trommel,  fd)lug,9  baj$  eg  nur  fo 10  bonnerte, 
unb  ber  33dr  erfyob  fid)  auf  feine  beiben  §mterfiij$e  unb  begann  ju 
tangen ;  bag  mar  aEerliebft !  £>eber  $nabe  nafym  fein  ©emefyr, 
ber  23ar  mujjte  aud)  eing  fyaben  unb  er  fyielt  eg  orbentlicfy  feft ;  bag 
mar  ein  prad)tiger  $amerab,  ben  fie  erfyalten  fatten,  unb  nun 
gingen  fie:  „@ing,  ^mei,  eing,  ^mei!"  —  2)a  fafete  eg  an  bie 
£fyiir,  fie  ging  auf,  eg  mar  bie  Gutter  ber  $inber.    2#r  E?dttet  fie 


1  ticrjeljrte  =-  aft.  8  of  that  one  =  his. 

*  toenn  —  aud),  although.  9  From  f tfjlagcn 

3  DCnn  =  ttlg.  10  nur  fO,  positively;  much  like 

4  modjtC  =  fonntc  our  singular  colloquialism  just, 
6  From  crfdjrctfen-  used  intensively:  "//  was  just  per- 
6  From  fricd)Cil.  feet." 

i  From  fcenfen. 


NUMERALS  '    CARDINAL,   ORDINAL,  ETC.  151 

fefyen  foCten/  tfyren  fprad^Iofen  6cfyretfen  fefyen  follen,  ba§  freibe= 

toetjje2  SJCntlt^,    ben  fyalbgeoffneten  9ftunb,  bie  ftieren  2lugen. 

2lber  ber  fleinfte  ^nabe  nicfte  fo  bergniigt  unb  rtef  gan$  laut  in 

feiner  Spracfye : 3  „2Btr  fyielen  nur  ©olbaten  I*    Unb  bann  tarn 

ber  Sarenftifyrer. 

Slnberfen. 


(Sin  unb  jtoanjigfte  fitftion. 

241o         NUMERALS:   CARDINAL,   ORDINAL,   etc. 
[Review  the  Table  of  Numerals,  138.] 

3n  ber  ^djfadjt  bet  %8nUtUo,  toeWje  am  18ten  $mx 
1815  ftattljtttte  (jtattfanb,  toorftel),  fantictt  toiele  Xaufeuiie  \um 
SWenidjen  iljren  iati ;  tote  ^reuffen  nflein,  obglet^  pe  erjt 
gegen  fjalb  7  am  5lknfc  auf  km  Sifjlarfjtfclu  erfdjetnen 
fomttcn,  jfiljlten  iikr  jieknti)ulb  taufenfc  Xutc  imi)  ^cr* 
tomnkte,  ttmfjrent)  tie  ^ran^afcn  ein  $rittel  i^re§  pnjen 
§eere8  toerforcn  Ijakn  fatten. 

In  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  which  took  place  on  the  18th 
of  June,  1815,  many  thousand  men  met  their  death;  the 
Prussians  alone,  although  they  could  not  make  their  appear- 
ance on  the  field  of  battle  till  towards  half  past  6  in  the 
evening,  counted  above  six  and  a  half  thousand  dead  and 
wounded,  whilst  the  French  are  said  to  have  lost  one  third 
of  their  whole  army. 

Note.  —  For  remarks  applicable  to  several  points  in  the  above  model 
sentence,  read  243  and  244.     On  erft,  see  181.     On  follen,  see  167,  4. 


1  Ijattet  —  fottcn,  you  ought  to        *  That  is,  totenMaffe- 

have  seen  her.  3  jn  his  {baby)  talk. 


152 


NUMERALS  :    CARDINAL,  ORDINAL,  ETC. 


242. 

Cardinal  Numbers. 

Ordinal  Numbers. 

20. 

Stocmaig. 

ber 

gtoan§igfte, 

20th. 

21. 

em  unb  ^toangtg. 

ft 

ein  unb  ^toan^gfte, 

21st. 

22. 

gtoet  unb  gtoangig. 

it 

atoeiunbatoan^igfte, 

22d. 

30. 

breifctg. 

tt 

breifjigfte, 

'60th. 

31. 

ein  unb  breijjtg. 

it 

ein  unb  bretjjigfte, 

Slst. 

40. 

»i«|ig. 

tt 

mer^igfte, 

40//&. 

50. 

fimfsig. 

a 

funftigfte, 

bOth. 

60. 

fed^gtg. 

n 

fedfotgfte, 

60M. 

70. 

fieb^ig. 

n 

ftebjigfte, 

10th. 

80. 

ad&tjig. 

a 

adjt§igfte, 

mth. 

90. 

neun^tg. 

n 

neun^igfte, 

90th. 

100. 

fyunbert. 

a 

fyunbertfte, 

100M. 

101. 

fyunbert  unb  ein§. 

a 

fyunbert  unb  erfte, 

101st. 

200. 

^toeifyunbert. 

n 

gtoetfyunbertfte, 

200th. 

212. 

^toeifyunbert  unb 

a 

gtoetfyunbert  unb 

$W0lf. 

Stoolfte, 

212th. 

1000. 

taufenb. 

a 

taufenbfte, 

1000M. 

10,000. 

jefyn  taufenb. 

n 

3e&ntaufenbfte,    10,000th. 

100,000. 

fyunbert  taufenb. 

1,000,000. 

erne  Million. 

The  forms  ftcfceil jtg  and  ftC&CHJ igflc  occur,  as  well  as  those  in  the  table. 

243.  Certain  points  in  regard  to  the  form  and  use  of  the 
cardinals  require  remark : 

1.  The  form  jftmnjto,  is  manifestly  irregular.  It  was 
anciently  written  jtoehtjtg.     Compare  old  English  twentig. 

2.  The  syllable  jig,1  ten,  is  softened  in  brcifjta,  to  §tg. 

3.  The  English  a  hundred,  a  thousand,  are  expressed  in 
German  without  the  article:  ljunbcrt,  taufcttb ;  ettt  JjlUtbcrt, 
tin  taufenb,  mean  one  hundred,  one  thousand.  But  cine 
SWtflion  means  a  million. 


Old  English  tig%  related  to  Latin  decern,  Greek  d&Ka. 


NUMERALS  \    CARDINAL,  ORDINAL,  ETC.  153 

4.  The  German  always  expresses  the  odd  numbers  from 
twenty  to  a  hundred,  as  in  the  table  :  cm  Uttb  JttJtttt^g,  etc., 
never,  as  in  English,  twenty-one.  Above  a  hundred  the  larger 
number  comes  first,  and  Ultb  may  be  expressed  or  omitted. 
Hence  the  forms  of  expression  agree  with  the  English. 

5.  $htnbcrt  and  taujcitb  may  be  used  as  neuter  substantives 
in  the  plural :  §uttbcrtc,  ^aufcttbc  In  general  their  use  in 
the  singular  and  plural  agrees  with  that  of  the  English 
words,  hundred,  thousand. 

244.     Examine  the  following  groups  of  numerals : 

I. 

einmal/  once.  atfemal,  at  all  times. 

gtoeimal,  twice.  jebe^mal,  every  time. 

bretmal,  thrice.  mancfymal,  many  times. 
etc.  etc. 

a.  Iterative  Numerals.  —  The  formation  of  the  adverbs  in  the 
left  hand  column  is  obvious;  the  noun  OWfll  is  added  to  the  cardinals. 
But  SJlfll,  which  means  mark,  time,  is  sometimes  written  separately,  .the 
adverbs  of  the  right  hand  column  are  similarly  formed. 

II. 

emerlet,  of  one  kind.  aEerlei,  of  all  kinds. 

gtocterlei,  of  two  kinds.  mancfyerlei,  of  various  kinds. 

breierlet,  of  three  kinds.  fcielerlet,  of  many  kinds. 

etc.  etc. 

b.  Variative  Numerals.  —  The  above  indeclinable  adjectives  are 
formed  from  the  genitive  case  ending  in  tV,  by  adding  the  obsolete 
noun  JJei,  way,  kind. 

III. 

em  bal&,  a  half.  anbertfyalb,  one  and  a  half. 

em  ©rittel,  a  third.  brtttefyalb,  two  and  a  half. 

ein  SSiertel,  a  fourth.  tuertefyatb,  three  and  a  half. 

1  Distinguish  Ctlt'ltlttl,  once,  from  emmal',  once  upon  a  time. 


154  NUMERALS  .*    CARDINAL,  ORDINAL,  ETC. 

em  giinftel,  a  fifth.  \\x\K\tih<\Vo ,  four  and  a  half. 

em  ©ecfystel,  a  sixth.  \t§*ttyo\b,five  and  a  half. 

etc.  etc. 

c.  Fractional  Numbers.  —  1.  gttHi  is  an  adjective.  The  other 
fractional  numbers  are  formed  by  adding  the  neuter  noun  %t\X,  party 
shortened  to  ttl,  to  the  ordinals. 

2.  The  second  column  is  composed  of  indeclinable  fractional,  formed 
from  ordinals.  One  would  expect,  jftjcttc^olb,  in  place  of  anfccrtfjQlb  l ; 
but  the  old  form  for  the  second  was  fcef  att&CtC,  the  other.  Compare  the 
Latin  alter,  the  other,  for  secundus.  'KnOCt'ttjfllb,  etc.,  imply,  rather 
than  express,  the  real  meaning.  The  second  a  half  implies  the  first  a 
whole ;  hence,  one  and  a  half.  So  in  Latin:  claudus  altero  pede,  lame 
in  the  other  foot,  implies  one  foot  sound ;  hence,  lame  in  one  foot. 

245.  aiufgct&c. 

I.  1.  The  battle  of  Waterloo  took  place  on  the  i8th  of 
June,  1815.  2.  In  this  battle  many  thousand  French, 
English,  and  Prussians  met  their  death.  3.  The  Prussians 
could  not  appear  on  the  field  of  battle  till  towards  half 
past  6  in  the  evening.  4.  The  Prussians  alone  had  above 
six  and  a  half  thousand  dead  and  wounded,  although  they 
c:d  not  appear  on  the  field  of  battle  till  towards  evening. 
5.  The  French  counted  the  greatest  number  of  dead  and 
wounded ;  they  are  said  to  have  lost  one  third  of  their  whole 
army.  6.  The  commander  of  the  French  army  was  Napoleon, 
that2  of  the  English,  Wellington,  and  that  of  the  Prussian, 
Bliicher.  7.  In  the  evening  of  the  18th  of  June,  18 15,  the 
field  of  battle  was  covered  with  dead  and  wounded  soldiers. 
8.  This  battle  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  bloodiest  of 
modern  times. 

II.  1.  Waiter,  we  shall  leave  to-morrow  morning3  by4 
the  half  past  6  o'clock  train 6 ;  please,  let  us  have  our  bill ! 

1  Irregularly  formed  for  UltHcre*  3  Say,  miU'flCll  frtilj. 

foalb.  4  Use  mir. 

9  &crjcnt0e  or  bet-  6  l)aU>  ftcben  U|r  3«0c 


NUMERALS  '.    CARDINAL,  ORDINAL,  ETC. 


155 


2.  Very   well,   sir,1  I   will  give   it  you  to-morrow  morning. 

3.  No,  we  prefer  to  have  it  to-night,  so  that  we  may  have 
time  to  examine  it  and  to  rectify  any  errors  which  may2 
by  chance  have  crept  in.  4.  At  what  time  do  you  wish  to 
be  called  ?  5.  Not  later  than  5  o'clock,  as  we  want  to  break- 
fast before  our  departure.  6.  Here  is  the  bill,  gentlemen.  7. 
Just3  look  it  over,  Edward,  and  tell  me  what  you  think4  of  it! 
8.  I  do  not  think5  the  different  items  too  high,  but  there  is 
one  which  all  travellers  dislike,  and  notwithstanding  nearly 
all  the  hotel-keepers  on  the  continent  put6  it  in  the  bill, 
namely  '  bougies.'  9.  Here  are  actually  48  kreuzers  charged 
for  candles,  whilst  ours  probably  will  not  burn  longer  than  a 
quarter  of  an  hour7  or  20  minutes. 


246. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  23efefyl3r/aber,  commander. 
ber  Continent',  continent. 
ber  ©aftttnrt,  hotel-keeper. 
ber  grrtum,  error  (121). 
ber  ^ellner,  waiter. 
ber  ^poften,  station, place;  item. 
ber  S^etfenbe,  traveller. 

bie  2lbreife,  departure. 
bte  Slnjafyl,  number. 

ba3  Jeftlanb,  continent. 

ba§  2td;t,  candle  (p.  82,  n.  3). 

bebccft,  covered. 
blutig,  bloody. 
neu,  new,  young;  recent. 
Oppos.  alt. 


bennodj),  notwithstanding. 
totiflid),  toar/rfyaftig,  actually. 
^ufallig,  by  chance. 

abreifen  (f.),  to  depart,  set  out. 

beredjmert,  to  charge. 

bertcfjttgen,  to  rectify. 

brennen,  brarmte,  gebrannt,  to 
burn. 

burcf/fer/ert,  fal)  burcfy,  burd;= 
gefefyen,  to  look  over. 

fid)  emfcfyletdjen,  fd)ltd)  em,  ein= 
gefcfylicfyen,  to  creep  in. 

mtfjf  alien  (e§  mvjsf  allt  mir),  mt§= 
fiel,  mifjfallen,  to  cause  dis- 
like, to  displease. 

priifen,  to  examine. 


1  mcin  $err. 

2  Either  mogen  or  fdnttcn. 


mindful  of  the  order. 
3  See    model    sentence 


ninth  lesson.  4  Use  fyaltcit 

Be  5  Use  fintoen. 

6  Use  fefccn. 
of  the  7  cine  $iertelftunbc 


156  NUMERALS  :    CARDINAL,  ORLINAL,  ETC. 


247.  2Iufaa&e, 

[Read  aloud  the  following  in  German  through  the  sixth,  and  answer  the 
succeeding  questions  in  complete  sentences.] 

1.  24,  36,  41,  75,  99,  108,  115,  231,  478,  987 ;  —  ber  9., 
17.,  21.,  30.,  45.,  59.,  100.,  101.,  118.,  205.,  333. 

2.  2Bie  *>iel  ift  4  unb  (plus)  6?  4  + 6  =  (ift  gleia))  10. 
15  +  3?  21  +  9?  110  +  20?  999  +  1  ?  —  2Bte  Diet  befommt 
(erfy&lt)  man,  toerm  man  10  unb  5  abbiert  ? 

3.  2Bie  biel  bleibt  iibrig  (is  left),  toenn  man  4  Don  12 
megnimmt  (abgd^It,  fubtrafytert)  ?  12  meniger  (minus)  4  =  8 
(12  —  4  =  8).     15  toon  20?  60  Don  77?   1  Don  1000? 

4.  2Sie  biel  ift  6  mal  2  (6X2)?  5X8?  4X3?  7X10? 
.SMttytictert  14  mit  10,  80  mit  2,  25  mit  4 ! 

5.  SSie  oft  ift  3  in  12  entfyalten  (contained)?  3  ift  in  12 
4  mal  entfyalten.  2&ie  oft  ift  4  in  16  entfyalten,  5  in  20,  9  in  36  ? 
©tbibiert  25  burcfy  5,  22  bura)  11,  40  bura)  8  (25:5  =  5; 
36  :  6  =  ?  90  :  10  =  ?  100  : 4  =  ?  80 : 8  =  ?) 

6.  £ie  ©a^lac^t  bei  Waterloo  fanb  am  18tcn  Sunt  1815 
ftatt.  2)ie  ©$laa;t  bei  Sety&tg,  18.  October  1813 ;  bie  ©rf)Iad;t 
bei  Snfermann,  5.  ^obember  1854 ;  bie  <&<fylad)t  bei  Magenta, 
4.  Suni  1859;  bie  ©cfylacfct  bei  Gufto^a,  24.  gum  1866;  bie 
(Scfylacfyt  bei  ©aboioa  ober  $bniggrd£,  3.  guli  1866 ;  bie  <See= 
fcfclacfcten  bei  Slbuftr,  1.  Sluguft  1798 ;  bei  Trafalgar,  22.  October 
1805  ;  bei  Siffa,  20.  guli  1866. 

7.  2Sie  Diele  donate  $at  ba3  Satyr? 

8.  Rennet  mir  ben  lften,  ben  2ten,  ben  lefcten,  atte  donate! 

9.  SSie  biele  Xage  fiat  bie  SSodje? 

10.  Rennet  mir  ben  lften  £ag,  ben  3ten,  ben  7ten,  aHe  Xage ! 

11.  2Bie  oiele  £age  finb  in  einem  $al)r,  in  einem  9ftonat? 

12.  2Bela)e3  ift  ber  lurgefte  3ftonat?    2Sie  biele  Stage  fyat  ber 
gebruar  ? 

13.  SSann  fyat  ber  gebruar  29£age?    3n  einem  ©d)altjafyx 
(leap-year)  hat  ber  gebruar  29  £age. 


READING   LESSON.  157 


14.  2Bcmn  finbet  em  @d)altjafyr  ftatt  ?  Side  4  Safyre,  h)enn 
man  bie  Ie|ten  2  3^ff erri  *>er  3afyr^<*^  *>«*$  4,  ofyne  einen  D^eft 
m  laffen,  btbibieren  farm. 

15.  ©en  totem'elten  (hnefctelften)  be3  9ftonat§  fyaben  toir  fyente? 
3)er  tote  tnelte  ift  fyente  ? 

16.  2)en  itnebielten  (trielften)  fatten  four  geftern,  fcorgeftem, 
am  (Sonntag  ? 

17.  £)en  toietotelten  toerben  fair  morgen  I)aben,  itbermorgen  *; 

248.  ®in  mtftl 

[To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 

2luf  etner  grofjen  SSeibe  gefyen 

SSiel  taufenb1  ©d)afe  filbertoeijs; 
2Sie  fair  fie  fyeute  toanbeln2  fefyen, 

<5crt)  fie  ber  atteralt'fte  ®rei§. 

<Sie  altern  nie  imb  trtnfen  £eben 

2lu§  einem  unerfa;dpften  SBorn ; 
(Sin  §trt  ift  ifynen  gugegeben 

■fiftt  fd)on  gebog'nem  ©ilberfyorn. 

@r  treibt  fie  au§  §u3  golb'nert  £fyoren, 

@r  iiberjafylt  fie  jebe  -ftactyt, 
Unb  fyat  ber  Sammer  fein§4  fcerloren, 

©o  oft  er  auaV  ben  SSeg  fcoftbraa^i.' 

©in  treuer  igunb  bilft  fie  il)m  leiten, 

©in  munt'rer  Sffiibber  ge(;t  tooran. 
&ie  §eerbe,  lannft  bu  fie  mir  beuten  ? 

Unb  ana;  ben  §irten  $eig'  mir  an ! 

(StfjiUer. 


1  What  would  be  used  in  prose  3  May  be  translated  through. 

instead  of  Did  tttufcnb  ?  4  For  fetneS. 

8  Depends    on  fcljen,   and  has  6  See  page  138,  note  1. 

the  force  of  a  present  participle.  6  Supply  the  auxiliary  Jjttt 


158 


CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES. 


249. 


$m\  ltitb  jttmnjigfte  Scftion. 


CONDITIONAL  SENTENCES. 


$ie  gamilie  tic§  §errn  £>Qit})tmttttn  $ar,  ,3f}re§  SdjtuaflerS, 
amirtie  fidj  toofjler  beftuticn,  tocnn  jie  in  einein  gefttnUereit  §aul> 
tooQttte  nnb  Beffereg  SBaffer  $*tte,  mil  er  felbjt  toiirk  itidjt 
franf  getoorten  fein,  toenn  cr  fdjon  Hor  ctnem  ^albeit  Saljr 
augQejogen  lnare. 

The  family  of  Captain  Bar,  your  brother-in-law,  would  be 
in  better  health,  if  they  lived  in  a  healthier  house  and  had 
better  water,  and  he  himself  would  not  have  become  ill,  if 
he  had  removed  half  a  year  ago. 


250. 

Indicative. 

id)  fyatte, 
I  had. 
tcfy  toar, 
I  was. 
id)  hnirbe,1 
I  beca77ie. 
id)  lobte, 
I  praised, 
id)  befanb  mid), 
I  found  myself, 
id)  m  au§, 
I  re?noved. 
id)  fd)iug, 
/  struck. 


Imperfect  Tense. 


Subjunctive. 


fair  fatten, 
we  had. 
fair  toaren, 
we  were. 
\xi\x  tourbert, 
we  became. 
Voir  lobtert, 
we  praised. 
fturbefanbenurt^, 
we  found,  etc. 
fair  ^ogen  auZ, 
we  removed. 
roir  fd&lugen, 
we  struck. 


id)  fydtte, 

I  should  have. 

id)  todre, 

/  should  be. 

id)  toiirbe, 

I  should  become. 

id)  lobte, 

/  should  praise. 

id)  befdnbe  mtcfy, 

fshouldfnd,  etc. 

id)  §oge  au§, 

I  should  remove. 

id)  fc&luge, 

I  should  strike. 


iinr  fyattm, 
we  should  have, 
ftnr  todren, 
a/^  should  be. 
iDtr  toiirben, 
ze^  should  become, 
toix  lobten, 
#/£  should  praise. 
fair  befdnben  un3, 
ze/<?  should,  etc. 
ftnr  jogen  auS, 
a/^  should  re?nove. 
\mx  fcfylugen, 
we  should  strike. 


1  Also  id)  tuorD,  tiu  toorbfj,  cr  mart).    But  in  the  pi.  only  tnir  tours 
fctlt,  etc 


CONDITIONAL   SENTENCES. 


159 


251.  Observe  (1)  that  Ija&eit  and  trJCtuClt  form  the  subjunctive  from 
the  indicative  by  a  simple  modification  of  the  vowel ;  (2)  that  a  weak 
verb  (Io6cn)  has  the  imperfect  subjunctive  like  the  indicative;  (3)  that 
a  strong  verb  (jiefjett,  etc.),  adds  c  in  the  first  and  third  persons  singular  to 
the  imperfect  indicative,  and  modifies  a,  0,  U,  to  a,  0,  U- 

Observe  that  a  strong  verb  always  changes  its  radical  vowel  in  forming 
the  imperfect  indicative  and  subjunctive. 


252. 

Indicative. 

id)  fyatte  gefyabt, 
/  had  had. 

id)  Wax  getoefen, 
/  had  been. 

id)  Wax  geroorben, 
/  had  become. 

id)  l)atte  gelobt, 
I  had  praised. 

id)  batte  mid)  befunben, 
/  had  found  myself. 

id)  Wax  au3ge$ogen, 
/  had  removed. 

id)  fyatte  gefcbiagen, 
/  had  struck. 


Pluperfect  Tense. 


Subjunctive. 

id)  fyatte  gefyabt, 
/  should  have  had. 

id)  toare  geroefen, 
I  should  have  been. 

id)  ft> are  geroorbj^ 
/  should  have  ^mcotne. 

id)  l)atte  gelobt, 

/  should  have  praised.    ^ 

id)  ^cttte  mid)  befunben,  i 
I  should  have  found  myself. 

id)  roare  auSgegogen, 
/  should  have  removed. 

id)  batte  gefcfylagen, 
/  should  have  struck. 


253. 


First  Conditional. 


1.  id)  ftmrbe  I)aben,  I  should  have. 

2.  id)  ft)iirbe  fein,  I  should  be. 

3.  id)  ft)iirbe  roerben,  I  should  become. 

4.  id)  ftJitrbe  loben,  I  should  praise. 

5.  id)  roitrbe  mid)  befinben,  I  should  find  myself . 

6.  id;  ftmrbe  au^ieben,  I  should  remove. 

7.  id)  toiirbe  fcfylagen,  I  should  strike. 


160 


CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES. 


254.  Second  Conditional. 

1.  id)  ftmrbe  gefyabt  fyaben  I  should  have  had. 

2.  id)  nriirbe  getoefen  fein,  I  should  have  been. 

3.  id)  toiirbe  getoorben  fein,  I  should  have  become. 

4.  id)  toiirbe  gelobt  ^aben,  I  should  have  praised. 

5.  ia)  tttiirbe  mid)  befurtbert  fyaben,  I  should  have  found  my  self 

6.  ia)  toiirbe  au§ge$ogen  fein,  I  should  have  removed. 

7.  id)  itnirbe  gef^lagen  fyaben,  I  should  have  struck. 

255.  Observe  (1)  that  the  first  conditional  is  formed  by  adding  the 
present  infinitive  to  the  imperfect  subjunctive,  tDUfftC,  of  the  verb  ftJetDctt; 
(2)  that  the  second  conditional  is  formed  by  adding  the  perfect  infinitive 
to  tflih'&C;  (3)  that  in  the  pluperfect  and  second  conditional,  the  auxiliary 
is  fcitt  or  fjobcit,  according  to  211,  1  and  2. 


256.    1.  Form  the  imperfect  and  pluperfect  subjunctive  and 
the  two  conditionals  of  the  followifig  weak  verbs : 


arbeiten,  to  work. 
bebauern,  to  pity. 
befudjen,  to  visit. 
braucfyen,  to  need. 


ficfy  fiird^ten,  to  fear. 
legen,  to  lay. 
lieben,  to  love. 
tnacfyen,  to  make. 


rebett,  to  speak. 
fcfyicfert,  to  send. 
tan^en,  to  dance. 
ttwgen,  to  venture. 


2.    Form    the    same   of  the  following   strong   verbs. 
pp.  277-284. 


See 


Pres. 

Imp. 

Pres. 

Imp. 

Pres. 

Imp. 

Infin. 

Indic. 

Infin. 

Indic. 

Infin. 

Indic. 

bredfyen, 

hxad). 

Iaufen, 

lief. 

fyre^en, 

fprad;. 

benfen, 

badjte. 

lefen, 

la*. 

tragen, 

trug. 

gefyen, 

fling. 

nefymen, 

nafym. 

trinfen, 

tranl. 

greifen, 

flnff. 

f^einen, 

fa)ien. 

fcerftefyen, 

tterftanb. 

fyalten, 

fctelt. 

fefyen, 

\0i). 

roerfen, 

roarf. 

fommen, 

lam. 

fein, 

roar. 

roiffen, 

\m$U. 

laffen, 

liejj. 

finfen, 

fan!. 

gie^en, 

W- 

CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES.  161 

257.  Examine  the  following  groups  of  sentences : 

I. 

1.  2Berm  id)  mefyr  ©elb  r/citte,  (fo)  tpiirbe  icfy  ein  §au§  faufen, 
if  I  had  more  money,  I  should  buy  a  house. 

2.  28enn  er  nicfyt  Iran!  ware,  (fo)  wiirbe  er  mit  %fynzn  gefyen, 
z/">^  7#^?r  «<?/  sick,  he  would  go  with  you. 

3.  gcfy  tottrbe  etnen  23rief  gefd)rieben  fyaben,  roenn  id?  toofyl 
getttefen  ft>are,  I  should  have  written  a  letter,  if  I  had  been  well. 

II. 

1.  Qattt  tcfy  mefyr  ©elb,  (fo)  nmrbe  ta;  em  §au3  laufen,  had  1 
more  money,  I  should  buy  a  house. 

2.  2Bare  er  nia^t  Irani,  (fo)  tolirbe  er  mit  Sfynen  gefyen,  were 
he  not  sick,  he  would  go  with  you. 

3.  SKare  ta;  ioofyt  getoefen,  (fo)  miirbe  id)  einen  SBrief  ges 
fajrieben  fyahzn,  had  I  been  well,  I  should  have  written  a  letter. 

258.  1.  Observe  in  both  groups  of  sentences,  the  correspondence 
of  modes  and  tenses:  the  first  conditional  and  the  imperfect  subjunctive; 
the  second  conditional  and  the  pluperfect  subjunctive. 

2.  Either  the  dependent  clause,  the  one  containing  the  supposition, 
may  come  first,  as  in  I.  1  and  2;  or  the  principal  clause,  that  is,  the  one 
containing  the  inference  or  conclusion,  as  in  I.  3. 

3.  The  conjunction  tuCltll  may  be  omitted,  in  which  case  the  sentence 
begins  with  the  verb.  See  in  the  second  group,  how  the  English  and 
German  correspond,  both  in  the  omission  of  if  and  in  the  order  in  the 
conditional  clause. 

250.  1.  An  examination  of  the  two  groups  of  sentences  in  257 
shows  that  the  first  conditional  and  the  imperfect  subjunctive  refer  to 
present  time,'1  in  a  particular  supposed  case,  and  that  the  supposition, 
and,  generally,  the  conclusion,  are  contrary  to  fact:  thus,  in  I.  2,  the 
supposition  is  that  he  is  not  sick,  but  in  fact  by  implication  he  is  sick. 

1  If  the  supposition  is  general,  there  is  a  vague  reference  to  future 
and    sometimes    when    it    is  not,       time. 


162 


CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES. 


2.  In  the  same  way  the  second  conditional  and  the  pluperfect  sub- 
junctive, refer  to  past  time,  and  are  used  to  put  as  supposition  and 
inference  what  was  contrary  to  fact:  thus,  in  I.  3;  if  I  had  been  well  {but 
J  was  not)  I  should  have  written  a  letter  {but  in  fact,  did  not). 

Note.  —  The  student  of  Latin  should  remark  the  exact  correspondence 
of  the  imperfect  and  pluperfect  subjunctive  in  Latin  and  German  in  hypo- 
thetical sentences  referring  to  present  or  past  time  and  implying  a  reality 
contrary  to  the  supposition. 

3.  The  imperfect  subjunctive  is  often  used  instead  of  the  first  con- 
ditional,1 and  the  pluperfect  subjunctive  very  often  in  place  of  the  second 
conditional,  particularly  in  the  conclusion  of  hypothetical  sentences, 
whether  the  condition  is  expressed  or  only  implied:   $(J)  tuiirtJC  CirtCIt 

93rtef  fdjrciben  (or  itf)  fdjriebc  cincn  Srtcf),  toenn  id)  papier  fyattc,  fca§ 
tmirfce  un8  ju  toeit  fiifjrcn,  or  bag  futjrte  unS  ju  toeit  that  would  lead  us 

too  far.    Accordingly  we  may  have : 


260. 

1.  icfy  fy&tte,  I  should  have, 

2.  id)  ft) are,  I  should  be, 

3.  icfy  ftmrbe,  I  should  become, 

4.  id)  lobte,  I  should  praise, 

5.  id;  befanbe  mid),  I  should 

find  myself, 

6.  id)  §5ge  au§,  I  should  remove, 

7.  id}  fcfyliige,  I  should  strike, 


1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 


d)  B&tte  gefyabt, 
d)  mdre  geft>efen, 
d)  ft)dre  gemorben, 
d)  t)dtte  gelobt, 
d)  fydtte  mid)  befunben, 
a)  toare  au^ge^ogen, 
d)  r)dtte  gefcblagen, 


for  id)  roiirbe  fyaben. 
"  id)  roiirbe  fein. 
"  id)  ftnirbe  merben. 
"  id)  ftmrbe  loben. 


d)  ftmrbe  mid)  befinben. 
d)  ftmrbe  au^iefyen. 
icfy  ftmrbe  fd)lagen. 


for 


id)  ftnirbe  ger)abt  baben. 
d)  ftmrbe  geroefen  fein. 
id)  ftnirbe  geroorbert  fein. 
d)  ftmrbe  gelobt  fmben. 
id)  ftmrbe  mid)  befunben  bahtn. 
d)  ftmrbe  aulge^ogen  fein. 
id)  ftnirbe  gefd)lagen  fyaben. 


1  If  the  idea  of  futurity  is  prom- 
inent,   and    sometimes    for    other 


reasons,   the    conditional    form   is 
preferred  to  the  subjunctive. 


CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES.  163 


261.  Qlufgafee* 

I.  1.  Captain  B.,  your  brother-in-law,  would  be  in  better 
health,  if  he  lived  in  a  healthier  house.  2.  If  Captain  B.  lived 
in  a  healthier  house,  he  would  be  in  better  health.  3.  Your 
brother-in-law  would  be  in  better  health,  if  he  had  always 
lived  in  a  healthier  house.  4.  If  your  brother-in-law  always 
lived  in  a  healthier  house,  he  would  be  in  better  health.  5. 
Had  your  brother-in-law  always  lived  in  a  healthier  house, 
he  would  be  in  better  health.  6.  Captain  B.  would  have 
been  in  better  health,  if  he  had  lived  in  a  healthier  house  and 
had  had  better  water.  7.  If  Captain  B.  had  lived  in  a 
healthier  house,  and  had  had  better  water,  he  would  have 
been  in  better  health.  8.  Had  Captain  B.  lived  in  a  healthier 
house,  and  had  better  water,  he  would  have  been  in  better 
health.  9.  Captain  B.'s  family  would  not  have  become  ill,  if 
they    lived  in  a  healthier  house  and  had  better  water. 

10.  If  Captain  B.'s  family  had  always  lived  in  a  healthier 
house,  and  had  better  water,  they  would  not  have  become 
ill.  11.  Did  Captain  B.'s  family  live  in  a  healthier  house, 
and  had  they  had  better  water,  they  would  not  have  become 
ill.  12.  Your  brother-in-law's  family  would  not  have  become 
ill,  if  they  had  always  lived  in  a  healthier  house,  and  had 
had  better  water.  13.  They  would  not  have  become  ill, 
but1  would  be  in  better  health  now,  if  they  had  removed  half 
a  year  ago.  14.  If  your  brother-in-law's  family  had  removed 
out  of  this  unhealthy  house  half  a  year  ago,  they  would 
not  have  become  ill.  15.  If  Captain  N.  and  his  family  had 
removed  some  months  ago,  they  would  be  in  better  health 
now.  16.  Mr.  N.  is  in  better  health  now,  because  he  has 
removed  from  this  unhealthy  house.  17.  How  is2  Captain 
N.,  your  brother-in-law,  to-day?     18.   Not  very  well,  thank 

1  See  P.  96,  n.  8.  2  befmfcet  ft#. 


164  CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES. 

you.  19.  He  suffers  from1  head-ache.  20.  How  is  your 
family  to-day?  21.  You  would  not,  I  suppose,2  have  re- 
moved out  of  this  handsome  and  convenient  house,  if  the 
water  had  been  better. 

[When  the  following  exercise  has  been  read  aloud  and  translated  by 
the  pupil,  it  is  recommended  that  the  teacher  make  portions  of  it  the 
basis  of  conversation  in  German.] 

II.  1.  Sftun,  Robert,  i$  fyaht  bid)  \a  gefiern  n\a)t  auf  bem@i3 
gefefyen.  2Bie  lommt  bag  ?  Sdufft  bu  ma)t  gern  ©a)littfa)ul)  ? 
0,  fefyr  gern,  urtb  to;  roiirbe  ana)  fyingegangen  fein  (\a)  mare  aucfy 
fymgegangen),  menu  xa)  n\a)t  gefiircfytet  fydtte  eingubrec^en.  2)u 
fa^emft  em  grower  §afenfuf$  ^u  fein.  3)u  braudhft  bi$  mdr)t 
iiber  micf)  lufttg  $u  madden ;  roenn  bu  einen  dbnlicfyen  Unfall  gefyabt 
fydtteft,  rote  icf),  roiirbefi  bu  roofyl  anber£  fprec^en.  9hm,  roa3 
fiir  etnen  Unfatf  r)aft  bu  benn  gefyabt?  %a)  &m  einmal  etn= 
gebrodjen,  unb  roiirbe  ficr)erlia;  ertrunlen  fein  (rodre  ertrunlen), 
roenn  micr)  ma)t  ein  2Rann  an  ben  §aaren  ergrtffen  unb  fyerau§= 
gejogen  r)cttte.  <Seit  ber 3  $e\t  fmb  ana)  metne  ©Item  fer)r  dngft= 
Iter),  unb  roiirben  fer)r  ungefyalten  bariiber  fein,  roenn  id)  ofyne  ifyre 
(Sinroittigung  auf  ba3  @i§  ginge.  2Benn  ^ebermann  bdd)te,4  rote 
bu,  fo  fdr/e  man  im  SStnter  nia^t  fo  oiele  Seute  auf  bem  @i£. 
$a§  mag 6  fein ;  aber  e§  roiirben  ana)  ma)t  fo  fcriele  Ungliicf3f  dlle 
oorfommen.  £>a  r)aft  bu  9xed)t ;  ta;  gebe  ba§  ju,  ©rofte  SSorficr)t 
ift  aEerbing3  notroenbig,  unb  menu  metne  ©Item  nia;t  roiifjten, 
baf$  tcfy  fer)r  oorfidjitig  bin,  fo  liefjen  fie  mid)  roa&rfa;emlidj)  ana) 
n\a)t  gefyen. 

2.  grau  58.  gab  Ufyen  2)ien3tag  etnen  gldn^enben  23att ;  rodren 
6te  fyier  geroefen,  fo  roiirben  Sie  ana)  eine  ©inlabung  erhalten 
fyaben.  3^r  3reunD'  oer  ©°fyn  De^  fictrn  Dr.  buffer,  l)atte  eben= 
falls  eine  @tnlabung  befommen,  unb  roiirbe  fie  ana)  angenommen 


1  suffers  from,  letfcct  Olt.  4  Impf.  subj.  of  bcitfctt,  to  think. 

2  See  under  229.  5  Observe   this   use   of   ntOQCn, 

3  Not  the,  but  that.  See  219,  note.       and  see  page  171,  note  3. 


CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES. 


165 


fyaben,  menu  er  ni$t  fcfyott  border  etngelaben  geroefen  mare.  $$ 
fobaure  rea;t  fyer^licfy,  bafj  t$  Don  meiner  3^etfe  nitf)t  fritter  guriicf= 
lommen  !onnte ;  e3  roiirbe  mir  grofceS  33ergmigen  gemacfyt  fyaben, 
ben  23att  gu  befucfyen,  ba  id^>  fefyr  gem  tange.  2)aju  fatten  Sie 
©elegenfyeit  genug  gefyabt ;  benn  e3  roaren  fefyr  biele  SDamen  ba, 
unb  unter  benfelben  fefyr  gute  ^dnjerinnen,  aber  nid)t  §erren 
genug,  unb  fciele  ber  anmefenben  §erren  toaren  fo  unfyoflid),  nicfyt 
§u  tangen,  obgleia)  fie  fafyen,  hne  gem  bie  jungen  2)amen  getan^t 
fatten. 


262. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  ©lang,  lustre,  brightness. 

ber  §afenfuj$,  faint-heart,  cow- 
ard. 

ber  §of,  yard,  courtyard,  court. 

bie  Scfylittfdmfye,  skates. 

ber  %an%,  dance.    Cf.  tangen. 

ber  danger,  dancer.  Cf .  £dn§e= 
rin. 

ber  ttnfall,  mishap,  accident. 

ber  Unglucf^fatf,  misfortune. 

bie  @init)t(Iigung,  permission. 
bie  ©elegenfyeit,  opporhmity. 
bie  ^dngerin,  (female)  dancer. 
bie    $orftd)t,    foresight,    pre- 
caution. 

ba§  @i§,  fitf. 

ba§  §erg,  heart  (149). 

aim  lid),  similar. 
angftlitt),  anxious. 


anroefenb,  present. 
ebenfallS,  likewise. 
gldn^enb,  brilliant. 
not' roenbig,  necessary. 
fid)erli$,  certainly. 
un'fyoflid),  discourteous. 
un'gefyalten  iiber,  displeased  at. 

bebauem,  to  regret. 

benlen,  bacfyte,  gebaa)t,  to  think. 

ergreifen,  ergriff,  ergriffen,  to 

seize. 
ertrinlen,  ertranl,  erirunlen  (f .), 

to  be  drowned. 
©cfylittf d)ufy  laufen  (f .),  to  skate. 
fid)  luftig  mad)en  iiber,  to  make 

fun  of. 
tan§en,  to  dance. 
feorlommen,   lam   fcor,    fcorges' 

lommen  (f.),  to  occur. 
§ugeben,  gab  ju,  ^ugegeben,  to 

admit. 


166  CONDITIONAL    SENTENCES. 

263.  5lufgabe. 

1.  You  had  better1  stay  a  little  longer,  I  am  afraid  it  will 
soon  rain.  2.  He  had  better  remove  from  that  unhealthy 
house.  3.  Had  not  you  better  go  and  buy  it  yourself  ?  4. 
Had  not  he  better  write  to  his  aunt  as  soon  as  possible?  5. 
She  had  best 2  ask  her  parents  first.  6.  They  told  me  I  had 
best  go  away  at  once.  7.  Would  that  I  had 3  never  seen  him  ! 
8.  Oh,  that  he  were 4  still  alive  (am  Seben) !  9.  Would  that 
we  were  as  rich  as  our  uncle !  10.  Would  that  I  had  as 
much  knowledge 5  as  Mr.  N. 

264. 

[Substitute  the  imperfect  or  pluperfect  subjunctive  for  the  spaced 
infinitives  in  the  following  sentences.] 

1.  @r  miirbe  beffer  ©dhlittfcfyul)  laufen,  menu  er  offer  auf  bag 
(5t3  g  e  I)  e  n  unb  nicfyt  fo  oer^agt  (timid)  mare. 

2.  -Ifteine  Srtiber  miirben  mit  2Sergmigen  auf  ba§  (St8  gefyen, 
menu  fie  beffer  6a)littfa)ul)  laufen. 

3.  SSenn  id)  fallen,  fo  miirben  ©ie  fid)  bariiber  Iuftig 
maa;en. 

4.  2Benn  id)  nia)t  fur  a;  ten  em§ubredj)en,  fo  miirbe  id)  aud? 
auf  ba§  @ig  gefyen. 

5.  3$  miirbe  mid)  freuen,  menn  e3  mir  g  e  1 i  n  g  e  n,  ba§  $inb 
§u  retten.  3d)  miirbe  mia)  gefreut  fyaben,  menn  e£  mir  ge= 
1 1  n  g  e  n,  ba3  $inb  gu  retten. 

6.  ©ie  miirben  §errn  91.  befudjen,  menu  ©ie  m  i  f  f  e  n,  mo  er 
molnit.  ©ie  miirben  §errn  91.  befuc£)t  fyahen,  menu  ©ie  miff  en, 
mo  er  mofynt. 

7.  2Benn  bie  ©d)littfd)ube  cem  3roec*  e  n  t  f  p  r  e  a?  e  n,  murbeft 
bu  mofyl  ba§  (Mb  bafiir  nid)t  anfefyen. 

1  Cast  into  the  form,  it  would  be  tense  the  same  as  in  a  supposition 
better,  if  you,  etc.  contrary  to  fact  in  past  time.     So 

2  best,  om  bcfteit.  in  Latin.     See  257,  II.  3. 

3  (jotte  • . .  iJ0(^  ;   the  mode  and  *  See  257,  I.  2.             °  See  271. 


READING    LESSON.  167 


8.  £>iefe  jungen  ©amen  miirben  gem  tar^en,  menu  fie  ^dn^er 
t)aben.  SMefe  jungen  ©amen  fatten  gem  getangt,  menu  fie 
danger  fyahzn. 


265.       Qtv  fiahn,  fc*tr  gjtmfr  tttt&  fr*r  Ifttdj** 

@in  §unb  unb  em  §at)n  fd)loffen  greunbfd)aft  unb  manberten 
gufammen  in  bie  grembe.    @ine§  SlbertbS  lonnten  fie  lein  $au§ 
erreid)en  unb  muftten  im  2Balbe  ubemad)ten.     £)er  §unb  fat) 
enblid)  eine  t)or)le  @id)e,  morin  fiir  it)n  eine  »ortrefflid)e  ©d)Iaf= 
fammer  mar.     „§ier  molTen  mir  bleiben,"  fagte  er  $u  fetnem 
^eifegefafyrten.    „3d)  bin  e§  gufrieben,"  fagte  ber  §at)n,  „aber 
id)  fd)lafe  gem  in  ber  §or)e."    3)amit  flog  er  auf  einen  21ft,  unb 
mimfd)te  bem  anbern  gute  Wafyt  unb  fetjte  ftcr)  ^urn  Sd)Iafen. 
2lls  e§  ^orgen  merben  moftte,  fing  ber  §ar)n  an  ju  frcifyen,  benn 
cr  barter   „@§  ift  balb  gctt  sum  SSeiterreifen."    £)a§  ^ilerili 
tyatte  ber  gud)§  gefyort,  beffen  2Bot)mmg  nid)t  meit  babon  mar, 
unb  fd)nell  mar  er  ba,  urn  ben  §at)n  $u  fangen.    £)enn  it)r  mif$t 
ja,  baj$  ber  gud)§  ein  §iir)nerbieb  ift.    ©a  er  ben  Qafyn  fo  t)oa) 
fitjen  fat),  bad)te  er :   „£)en  muf$  man  burd)  gute  2Borte  berunter* 
loden,  benn  fo  t)od)  lann  ia)  nid)t  flettem!"    ©ut,  mein  giid)3d)en 
mad)t  fid)  ganj  fyoflid)  r)erbei  unb  fyrid)t:   „@i,  guten  Sftorgen, 
lieber  better!   3Sie  fommft  bu  ^)tert)er ?    3d)  t)abe  bier)  ja  gar  gu 
lange  md)t  g*efet)ert.    Slber  bu  t)aft  bir  eine  gar  unbequeme  2$ot)= 
nung  gemafylt;   unb,  mie  e§  fd)eint,  t)aft  bu  aud)  nod)  nid)t3 
gefriifyftitdt.     2Benn   e§  bir  gefallig  ift,  mit  in  mein  QauZ  gu 
lommen,  fo  merbe  id)  bir  mit  gang  frifct)  gebadenem  33robe  auf= 
marten."    £)er  Qafyn  !annte  aber  ben  alten  ©a)elm  unb  r)iitete 
ftcr)  mot)l,  fyinunter  gu  fliegen.    „@t/'  fagte  er,  „menn  bu  ein 
better  Don  mir  bift,  fo  merbe  id)  red)t  gem  mit  bir  fritfyftuden, 
aber  ia)  t)abe  nod)  einen  9?eifegefat)rten,  ber  r)at  bie  £r)iire  gu= 
gefd)Ioffen.    28iHft  bu  fo  gefallig  fetn,  biefen  $u  meden,  fo  lonnen 
mir  gleict)  -mfammen  mitgefyen."    2)er  gatd)3,  meld)er  meinte,  er 
fonne  einen  ^meiten  §ar)n  ermifcr)en,  lief  fcr)netf  nacr)  ber  Dffnung, 


168  MODAL   AUXILIARIES  : 

too  ber  §unb  lag.    3)tefer  roar  aber  \vad)  unb  fyatte  2ltte§  gefyort, 

toa§>  ber  gucf)§  getyrocben  fyatti,  urn  ben  §afyn  $u  betriigen,  unb 

freuie  ftct)  fet)r,  ben  alten  23etrtiger  je£t  ftrafen  gu  fonnen.    @I)e 

ber  gud)§  e§  fict)  oerfafy,  fprang  ber  §imb  fyeroor,  pacfte  i^n  an 

ber  $efyle  unb  bift  tyn  tot.    3)ann  rief  er  feinen  greunb  oom 

<23aume  fyerunter  unb  fagte:   „25enn  bu  allein  geroefen  toareft, 

•  J>dtte  btefer  23ofehn$t  bid)  umgebradjt.    2lber  laft  un3  eilen,  bajj 

fair  au£  bem  SSalbe  fommen." 

(£urtman. 


$rei  unb  jtoanjtgfte  Seftian. 

266.  MODAL  AUXILIARIES:   CONDITIONAL  AND 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 

3fjr  SBruber  foflfte  ffeifttfler  iibcn,  tiann  fdnntc  tt  gro^ete 
Sartfdjritte  in  tier  9ftufiJ  madjen,  mil  toenn  8ic  fdbft  flciftt^cr 
flatten  it  ben  Hi  all  en,  fa  flatten  Zk  mtrij  ptc  Jyortfrfjrittc  nmtfjen 
fonnen.  (v*  ift  ntrfjt  (jemta,,  imfj  man  faa,t :  3d)  ntodjtc  pt 
linden  fiinn  en  :  man  mug  flrlj  an  if)  iWiilje  gekn. 

Your  brother  ought  to  practice  more  diligently,  he  could 
then  make  greater  progress  in  music,  and  if  you  yourself  had 
been  inclined  to  practice  more  diligently,  you  also  could  have 
made  good  progress.  It  is  not  enough  for  one  to  say,  "  I 
should  like  to  be  able  to  play  well " ;  one  must  also  take  pains. 

267.  PARADICMS. 

First  Conditional.  Imperfect  Subjunctive. 

id)  toiirbe  tooHen.  icfy  loollte,  /  would,  should  be  inclined, 

id)  toiirbe  f  often.  icf>  fotlte,  I  should,  ought  to. 

id)  toiirbe  muff  en.  id)  miijjte,  I  should  be  obliged, 

id)  toiirbe  biirfen.  icfy  biirfte,  I  should  be  allowed, 

id)  toiirbe  mogen.  id)  mocfyte  (gem),  I  should  like. 

\a)  miirbe  fonnen.  id)  fonnte,  I  could,  might. 


CONDITIONAL    AND    SUBJUNCTIVE.  169 

268.  Pluperfect  Subjunctive. 

id)  fyatte .  .  tooften,  I  should  have  been  inclined . .  {had  liked), 
id)  fyatte  .  .  foffen,  /  ought  to  have . .  should  have .  „ 
tcfy  fycitte  .  .  miifjen,  I  should  have  been  obliged . .  {had  been,  etc.). 
id)  fyatte  .  .  bttrfen,  T  should  have  been  allowed . .  {had  been,  etc.). 
id)  fyatte  .  .  inogen,  I  should  have  liked . .  should  like  to  have, 
id)  fyatte  . .  formert,  I  could  have . .  {had  been  able). 

Note.  —  The  infinitives  UiuUcn,  fo  lint,  etc.,  are  substituted  for  the 
participles,  gcluoflt,  gcfoflt,  etc.,  in  connection  with  dependent  infinitives 
of  other  verbs,  as  has  been  already  observed. 

260.  The  imperfect  subjunctive  of  the  Modal  Auxi- 
liaries is  frequently  used  instead  of  the  first  conditional, 
and  the  pluperfect  subjunctive  always  instead  of  the  second 
conditional.     Other  verbs  allow  the  second  conditional. 

270.  Slufgafce. 

[In  turning  the  following  sentences  into  German  the  imperfect  or 
pluperfect  subjunctive  may  be  appropriately  used  (except  in  the  sixth 
and  thirteenth)  according  as  the  time  indicated  is  the  present  (or  vaguely 
the  future),  or  past;  and  it  is  best  so  to  translate  the  sentences  first. 
The  pupil  may  then  profitably  rewrite  those  that  admit  of  being  ex- 
pressed by  the  first  or  second  conditional.] 

I.  1.  You  should  practice  more  diligently,  then  you  could 
make  greater  progress.1  2.  If  you  had  practiced  more 
diligently,  you  could  have  made  greater  progress.  3.  You 
should  have  practiced  more  diligently,  then 2  you  would  have 
made  great  progress  in  your  music.  4.  If  they  were  inclined 
to  practice  more  diligently,  they  could  make  good  progress. 
5.  If  they  had  been  inclined3  to  practice  more  diligently, 

1  Plural,  as  in  the  model  sen-  last  clause  of  2,  5,  and  15,  and  the 
tence.  first  clause  of  12  ? 

2  Why  can  this  clause  be  ex-  3  Be  mindful  of  the  order.  See 
pressed  in  two  ways,  but  not  the  183,  2. 


170  MODAL    AUXILIARIES  ! 

they  could  have  made  good  progress.  6.  She  will  soon  be 
able  to  play  well,  if  she  takes  pains.1  7.  She  would  soon  be 
able  to  play  well,  if  she  were  to  take  pains.  8.  She  would 
soon  be  able  to  play  better,  if  she  were  inclined  to  take 
pains.  9.  His  brother  ought  to  be  more  diligent,  then  he 
would  soon  make  progress  in  his  music.  10.  His  brother 
ought  to  have  been  more  diligent,  then  he  would  have  made 2 
greater  progress. 

11.  He  would  like  to  be  able  to  play  well,  but  he  will3  not 
take  pains.  12.  He  would  have  liked  to  practice  diligently, 
but  he  had  no  time  for  it.  13.  If  one  wants  to  make  progress, 
one  must  take  pains.  14.  If  your  sister  wanted  to  make 
progress,  she  would  be  obliged  to  take  more  pains.  15.  If 
your  sister  had  wanted  to  make  progress,  she  would  have 
been  obliged  to  take  more  pains.  16.  Had  not  your  sister 
taken  so  much  pains  with  her  music,  she  would  not  have 
made*  such  progress,  nor6  could  your  brother  have  made 
progress,  if  he  had  not  practiced  so  diligently. 

II.  1.  3$  tnocfyte  gem  em  toentg  9tufftfd&  lemen,  ba  t<§ 
ndd>fte§  %ofyv  auf  emtge  donate  nacfy  ^3eter3burg  gefyen  foil. 
2.  ^onnten  <Ste  mtr  inelletdit  etnen  Sefyrer  ber  rufftfefyen  (Styradje 
empfefylen?  3.  gefy  fomrte  ^i)mn  toofyl6  etnen  empfefyten;  aber 
id)  furcate,  <2te  toerben  bxe  2lu§fpra$e  unb  bie  ©rammattf  fo 
fcfytoer  ftnben,  baft  <5te  ba§  (stubtum  nid^t  lange  fortfetjen  toerben. 
4.  9BaS  aber  foil  t$  benn  ttnm?  5.  5$  ^u6  m^  ood)  fcerftdnb= 
ltd;  madden  fonnen,  tnenn  id)  fymfomme.  6.  9Zao^  memer  ^Slcu 
mmg  toare  e§  beffer,  toenn  <5te  £)eutf$  lernten ;  benn  biefe 
(Spracfye  hnrb  in  Petersburg  toon  fefyr  btelen  ^erfonen,  S)eutfa;en 
fotoofyt  al§  S^uffen,  gefyrod>en,  fo  bafc  e§  3>lmen  ni$*  3U  fdjtoer 


1  For  the  idiom,  see  the  model  4  Can  this  clause  be  expressed 
sentence.  in  two  ways  ? 

2  See  page  169,  note  2.  b  aitd)  —  nidjt 

s  Why  not  toirH?  6  doubtless,  or,  perhaps. 


CONDITIONAL    AND    SUBJUNCTIVE.  171 

toerben  burfte/  Sfyre  ©efcfycifte  mittelft  berfelben  abjumacfyen. 
7.  $bxn,  bann  mufcte  ia;  aber  ioofyl  balb  anfangen,  wenn  id)  mir 
i>or  metner  3lbreife  bie  notmenbigen  ^enntniffe  aneignen  roottte ; 
benn  £eutfa;  foU2  aud)  fef;r  fd)mer  fetn.  8.  2Benn  ©te  balb 
gefyen  molten,  fatten  ©te  allerbtngS  f$on  oor  einiger  3eit  axis 
fartgen  follen.  9.  Spie  beutfd)e  ©praa^e  ift  aber  feme3toeg§  fo 
farmer  tote  bie  rufftfd^e,  unb  menu  ©ie  eine  ©rammatt!  benutjen, 
bie  ben  ©djitler  nid)t  mtt  $u  oielen  D^egelrt  belaftigt  unb  in  ben 
Ubunggaufgaben  blo3  Oon  foldjen  2Bortern  unb  ^Pfyrafen  ($ebraud) 
ma$t,  toeld)e  in  ber  Umganggfpracfye  oorfommen,  fo  werben  ©ie 
balb  fo  oiel  gelernt  fyaben,  bafs  Ste  ftc^  oerftanblicfy  madden  fonnen, 
oorau3gefei$t,  ba$  ©te  fletfjig  ftubieren  unb  jebe  ©elegenfyett  be= 
nutjen,  ©eutfd^u  fyoren  unb  pi  fprecfyen. 

10.  §err  0.,  ben  ©ie  \a  fennen,  foil  groj^e  33erlufte  erlitten 
fyahtn ;  er  ftnrb,  tote  man  fagt,  feine  gafyhmgen  einftellen  mitffen. 
11.  @3  follte 3  mtr  leib  tfyun,  menu  ba§  ©eritcljt  toafyr  mare.  12. 
§at  er  benn  feine  greunbe,  bie  im  ©tanbe  ftnb,  ifym  $u  belfen  ? 
13.  @r  fyatte  fid)  in  leine  fo  gefafyrlia^en  ©pefulationen  einlaffen 
follen,  bann  ware  e3  nia^t  fo  meit  mtt  tfym  gefommen.  14.  ©elbft 
menu  er  greunbe  finben  follte,3  bie  bereit  maren,  ifym  §u  fyelfen, 
fo  burfte  e3  biefen  fd)mer  merben,  ifym  fyelfen  $a  fonnen.  15.  3$ 
moa^te  totffen,  ma3  er  gu  tfyun  gebenft,  menu  e§  wirflta)  gu  einer 
3afylung§einftellung  lommen  follte.  16.  3)a^  er  boa;  -Bttttel  unb 
Sege  fanbe,  au§  biefer  Sage  fyerau3§ufommen ! 

271.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  Umgang,  intercourse.  ■     bie  2lu§f^rad^e/  pronunciation. 

ber  SSerluft,  loss.     Oppos.  ber     bie  $enntni§  (mostly  used  in 

©eminn.  pi.  ^enntmffe),  k7iowledge. 

1  would  probably.  The  imper-  conclusion  of  hypothetical  senten- 
fect  subjunctive  of  uiirfen  denotes  ces,  like  our  should,  not  implying 
a  "probable  contingency."  obligation,  but  virtually  equivalent 

2  is  said.     See  167,  4.  with   the   dependent  infinitive,   to 

3  The  imperfect  of  foltcit  is  often  the  first  conditional.  301  i)  gen  is 
used,  as  here,  in  the  condition  or  similarly  used. 


172  MODAL    AUXILIARIES  I 

bie  Sfieimmg,  opinion,  meaning,      »nrau$>gefei$t,  provided. 

bie  ^pl)raf e,  phrase.  wermittelft     (with     gen.),     by 

bie  S^egel,  rule,  precept.  means  of. 

bie  Umgang§ftorad)e,  language      '    ... 

jr  .  •  belalttqen.  to  trouble, 

of  conversation.  '   °     ' 

erleibert,  erlitt,  erlitten,  to  suffer. 
^  ©erud):,  report,  rumor.  fortfc^cn,  /*  mn^m. 

ba§  gRittel,  ***&/;  ma*.  Seben!enr  gebac^te,  gebadjt,  fc 

allerbittgS,  of  course,  certainly.  intend. 


©ebraud)  madjen  con,  to  make  use  of. 

im  ©tcmbe  feirt,  /#  ^  z'#  a  condition,  to  be  able. 

eirte  ©rammatif  bertuijert,  to  use  a  grammar. 

fid?  ^ermtniffe  cmeignert,  to  acquire  knowledge. 

fid)  »erftartblidi>  madden,  to  make  oneself  understood. 

ftd)  auf  ©pefulationen  etnlaffen,  to  engage  in  speculations. 

bie  3^Iung  einftetten,  to  stop  payment. 

272.  /  Slufgafce. 

[Read  aloud  and  translate  the  following  sentences,  and  then  change 
the  imperfect  subjunctive  and  first  conditional  to  the  pluperfect  subjunc- 
tive and  second  conditional,  wherever  it  is  allowable.] 

1.  1.  g$r  8d)toager  fotfte  ftcfy  in  ber  englifd)en  Umgang§= 
fpraa^e  mefyr  iibert,  bann  itmrbe  er  fliegenber  fyrecfyen. 

2.  3d)  tounfd)e,  id)  biirfte  bie  ^orlefungen,  toeldje  fcerr  Dr.  9ft. 
biefen  2£inter  r>dlt,  befud)en;  i$  glaube,  id)  lonntc  fctel  barin 
lernen. 

3.  @r  mocfyte  mid)  gem  auf  meiner  9teife  begleiten,  toenn  er 
biirfte. 

4.  ©ie  fottten  bei  biefem  raufyen  better  nid)t  fo  Ieid)t  gefletbet 
au§gefyen,  roeil  ©ie  fid)  fer)r  leicfyt  erfalten  formten. 

5.  3) a  <Sie  morgen  frill)  abreifen  tooften,  fo  foKten  ©ie  ftd) 
bie  §otelred£mung  fa^on  fyeute  Slbenb  geben  Iaffen,  bamit  ©ie  bie 
ettoaigen  IJrrtumer  berid)tigen  formten. 


CONDITIONAL    AND    SUBJUNCTIVE.  173 


6.  2B&re  meine  Slufgabe  fo  nacfylafftg  geftfjrteben,  tote  bie  beine, 
fo  muj$te  tcfy  fie  nod)  einmal  abfcfyreiben. 

7.  SSoEte  idp  mid)  urn  bie  $lngelegenfyeiten  SInberer  befitmmern, 
fo  muf^te  icfy  bie  meimgen  baritber  uerrtatf)Iafftgen. 

8.  gdj  miiftte  otel  ©elb  fyaben,  toenn  icfy  in  ber  ©efettfcfyafi 
biefe»  §errn  reifen  tooltte. 

II.  1.  He  is  to  learn  French  so  as  to  be  able  '  to  read  the 
French  letters  in  the  counting-house.  2.  He  was  to  have 
learned2  French,  but  he  preferred  learning3  German.  3.  He 
ought  to  learn  French,  so  that  he  could  read  the  French  let- 
ters in  the  counting-house.  4.  He  ought  to  have  learnt 
French,  so  that  he  could  have  read4  French  letters.  5. 
James  must 5  not  put  his  new  hat  on  to-day,  because  the  wind 
might0  blow  it  off.  6.  He  has  not  been  allowed  to  put  his 
new  cap  on  to-day,  because  it  is  so  windy.  7.  He  would  not 
be  allowed  to  put  his  new  hat  on  to-day,  if  it  were  windy.  8 
He  would  not  have  been  allowed  to  put  his  new  boots  on,  if 
it  had  been  wet  and  dirty. 

9.  I  am  sorry  I  cannot  accept  your  kind  invitation ;  I  have 
already  accepted  one  for  to-morrow.  10.  I  was  iorry,  that  I 
could "'  not  accept  your  brother's  invitation  yesterday ;  I  had 
already  accepted  one.  11.  I  should  be  sorry,8  if  I  could  not 
accept  her  invitation.  12.  I  should  have  been  sorry,  if  I 
could  not  have  accepted  his  proposal.  13.  I  do  not  like 9  to 
make  a  long  journey  now,  because  the  weather  is  so  hot. 
14.  I  did  not  like  to  make  a  long  journey  during  my  last 
vacation,  because  the  weather  was  so  hot.  15.  I  should  not 
like  to  make  a  long  journey,  if  I  had  not  plenty  of  money. 


1  Either    um  —  Jtt   fbmtCn,    or,  6  Use  f bltttCtt. 

fo  Dttfj  Cr  —  tonne.  7  The  indicative.     Would  it  be 

2  Use  the  perfect  of  {often.  the  same  in  the  next  sentence  ? 

3  jog  tJOt  — jnlemen.  8  Imperfect  subjunctive,  tfjfitc- 

4  Be  mindful  of  the  order.     See  9  Use  mb  en.     But  how  other- 
183,  2.                   5  is  nolallowed to.  wise  might  it  be  put? 


174  MODAL    AUXILIARIES  I 

16.  I  should  not  have  liked  to  make  such  a  long1  journey 
during  my  vacation,  if  I  had  not  had  plenty  of  money.  17. 
One  had  better 2  stay 3  at  home  and  make  no  journey  with 
such  people,  if  one  has  not  plenty  of  money. 

18.  We  are  obliged  to  get  up  now  at  a  quarter  to  7  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  19.  I  suppose  you  call  this  early.  20. 
When  I  was  in  Germany  at4  a  boarding-school,  we  were 
obliged  to  get  up  at  6  in  the  summer  and  at  7  in  the  winter 
every  morning.  21.  Getting  up5  early  is  an  excellent  habit. 
22.  Oh,  that  I  had6  long  ago  accustomed  myself7  to  get  up 
early  !  23.  Our  friend  M.  is  very  inquisitive  ;  he  would  like 
to  know  everything  about  everybody;  he  had  better2  mind 
his  own  business.  24.  If  he  minded  more  his  own  business, 
it  would  be  better  for  his  family.  25.  Mind  your  own  busi- 
ness !  replied  Charles,  when  John  wanted  to  meddle  with  his 
affairs.  26.  If  he  did  not  constantly  meddle  with  the  affairs 
of  others,  he  might  have  more  friends. 

273".  VOCABULARY. 

jebermann,  everybody.  bte  SSorlefung,  reading  to  an- 

bie  Slngelegen^ett,  affair,  con-        other>  lecture- 

cern'  ba§  ^omptotr,  counting-house. 

bte  ©etooWeit,  habit,  custom.  ba^enfionat/  boarding-schooL 

bte  spoft,  bag  Spoftamt,  post- 
office,  bte  gerten  (pi.)/  vacation. 


1  Say,  a  so  long.     But  in  this  the  past  is  expressed  by  the  plu- 

sentence  and  in  the  three  preceding  perfect   subjunctive  ;     a    hopeless 

not -a  can  be  expressed  by  fciHC-  wish   relating  to   the   present,   by 

See  page  95,  note  1.  the   imperfect   subjunctive.      The 

8  (£8  111  are  bcffcr,  tlieitn.  same  holds  true  in  Latin. 

3  Subjunctive  imperfect,  blicbc.  7  The  German  would  here  use 

4  in  with  the  dative.  idiomatically  unmil,  the  fca  antici- 
6  Use  ju  with  the  infinitive.  pating  the  following  clause.  Other 
e  A   hopeless  wish   relating   to  examples  occur  in  Lesson  31. 


CONDITIONAL    AND    SUBJUNCTIVE. 


175 


Mel  ©elb,  plenty  of  money. 

beftdnbig,  constantly. 
f  liefjenb,  flowing,  fluent. 
naf$,  wet,  humid,  moist. 
neugierig,  inquisitive. 
raul),  rough,  raw,  coarse. 
fcfjmu^ig,  foul,  dirty. 
fcortrefflid),  excellent. 
nacfyldffig,  careless,  neglectful. 

etwa  (adv.),  ^j>  chance. 
etmaig,  casual,  possible. 
bamit,  in  order  that. 


angefyen,    to  concern;    e§   gefyt 

mid)   ntd^t^   an,  it  does  not 

concern  me  at  all 
beenbigen,  to  finish. 
begleiten,  to  accompany. 
fleiben,  to  clothe. 
toernacfyldffigen,  to  neglect. 
fid?  geroofynen  an  (with  ace), 

to  accustom  one's  self  to. 
gewofynt  fein  an  (with  dat.),  to 

be  accustomed  to. 
ftcfy  mifd)en  in  (mengen  in),  to 

meddle  with;  er  mtf a)t  fid) 

in  alle§,  he  has  a  finger  in 

everybody^ s  pie. 


fid)  um  ftcfy  befiimmem,  to  mind  one's  own  business. 
befummere  bicfy  um  bid),  mind  your  own  business. 

2  74.  [To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 

SStnn  id)  immer  £)ein *  gebdefyte,2 
21(1 3  mein  ©innen  gu  £>ir  brdefyte, 
SDid^,  o  §err,  um  atte§  fragte, 
Unb  S)ir  finblicfy  atteS  fagte : 
D  bann  fonnt*  id)  ofyne  ©rauen 
fjro^lid^  fc>or=  unb  rucfrodrt§  fcfyauen. 

Unb  flog'  *  \fy  fctyneffer  al§>  ba§  £td)t 
SBeit  tiber  aUe  SJteere, 
3Jitc^  fdnbe  bodj  3)ein  Slngeftdjt, 
©o  fern  id)  immer5  ware. 


1  Antiquated  form  of  the  geni- 
tive singular,  for  Reiner- 

2  Imperfect    subjunctive,    from 

gcuenfen. 


3  See  page  86,  note  4. 

4  Fromflicgeit;  were  I  to  fly. 

5  SO  fem  — tmmcr,  however  far. 


176  READING    LESSON. 

Unb  ftieg l  ia;  in  ben  tiefften  Drt, 
3)en  nie  ein  9Jtaf$  ergritnbet 2 : 
S)u  btft  e§,  ber  mtc^  fyier  unb  bort 
Unb  aftentfyalben  finbet. 

275.  |l*v  pme  mtt>  fct*  Jititue. 

©in  Sotoe  lag  in  feiner  §ofyle  unb  fd;lief.  £)ie  Sdfmau^e  fyatte 
er  auf  feme  Xa^e  gelegt.  2luf  einmal  frabbelte  ifym  ettoag  auf  ber 
9?afe,  ba§  jucfte  fo,  baf$  er  l;alb  im  ©d;Iafe  mit  ber  £a£e  iiber  bie 
3^afe  ftrid; :  unb  fie(;e,  er  fyatti  ein  9Ji&u§Iein  gefangen.  2)a3  9)iau3= 
lein  faerie  unb  flefyte :  „@rbarmen,  §crr  Sbtoe !  tyatte  id;  getoujjt, 
ba§  ba  cure  grofmtad;tige  3^afe  lage,  ia)  toare  mafyrfyaftig  eine 
9fteile  brum  meg  gelaufen ;  lafjt  mid;  Io§ !  oerfa)ludt  t^r  mid;,  toa3 
frommt  ba3  eurem  getoaltigen  9)iagen?  3$r  merits  fo  toenig,  aU 
ob  man  einem  $ameel  einen  einjigen  £ropfen  Staffer  §u  faufen 
gabe  ober  ein  ©anbforn  in  ben  35runnen  frourfe.  ©rbarmen! 
Saftt  mid)  log,  id)  toerbe  e§  end;  gebenleu."  „2Ba§,"  fpradj  ber 
Sotoe,  „meinft  bu  fo  toeg^ufommen  ?  9Jiir  auf  ber  9?afe  §u 
fpielen !  —  £)od)  —  lauf  Inn,  man  foil  nid;t  fagen,  bafj  ber  Soiue 
an  einer  elenben,  jammerlid;en  9Jlau§  fia)  rcidje." 

$)a§  5Jlau3letn  fcfyliipfte  gittemb  in  fein  Sod;.  —  %lad)  ein  paar 

£agen  ftel  ber  Some  in  ein  (&axn  unb  bruflte  fiircfyterlid;  Dor  2But, 

benn  er  lonnte  ba§  ©am  nia)t  ^erreifjen.    2)  a  riefelte  bid)t  neben 

ifym  bie  (Srbe,   ba§  9ftau3lein  lam  fyeroor,  nagte  flinl  an  bem 

©arne,  unb  fiefye,  ber  Sotoe  fr>ar  frei  in  toenigen  Slugenbltcfen. 

„2Ber  fyatte  ba§  afynen  fonnen,"  fagte  er,  „baj3  id;  bir  iuieber  mein 

2ehzn  banlen  fottte,  bu  Heine§  ©efa;dpf ;  e3  ift  bod;  gut,  bag  ia) 

bid;  nid)t  gefreffen  fyabe !"  unb  ftreid;e(te  ba3  9ftau§Iein.    2)a3 

9ttau3tein  aber  rief  frot) :   „§abe  id;  nid;t  2Bort  gefyatten  ?"  uub 

^ufd^te  toieber  in  fein  2oa;,  benn  be§  Sotoen  Sieblofungen  befyagten 

ifym  nid)t  fonberlia). 

(Jurtman. 

1  From  fictjiCtt,  to  mount ;  here  2  crgiiiltbct  (fjat)  has  fathomed. 

=  Ijiminterfietgen,  /*  descend. 


THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  fterbetl  t    PASSIVE  VOICE.     177 

$ter  unb  jmanjigfte  fieltton. 

276.    THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  tperbcn  J    PASSIVE  VOICE. 

liefer  ^alaft,  tocher  im  Satyr  1830  Dan  bem  giirftett  W. 
crbaut  tourtoe,  itudjkm  bet  frii^cre  tiom  geuer  jcrftiirt  toorfcett 
toar,  totriJ  nat^fte  2Bodje  nebft  km  fdjonen  $art  toerjktflcrt 
tocrfcen,  toa  ©raf  23.,  tier  je^ttje  Septet  fceSfeMien,  fein  Set* 
tn'dgctt  toerfotelt  (jut  unb  pm  armett  SBantt  getooriien  ift. 

This  palace,  which  was  built  by  Prince  A.  in  the  year  1830, 
after  the  former  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  will  be  sold  at 
auction  next  week  together  with  the  beautiful  park,  as  Count 
B.,  the  present  owner  of  it,  has  gambled  away  his  property 
and  become  a  poor  man. 

277.     Synopsis  of  toerben  and  of  a  Passive  Verb.1 
toerben,  to  become.  lieben,  to  love. 

INDICATIVE. 
Present. 

cr  toirb,  er  ftrirb  geliebt, 

he  becomes.  he  is  {becomes)  loved. 

Imperfect. 

er  toarb,  or  er  tourbe,  er  toarb,  or  er  ftmrbe  geliebt, 

he  became,  got  to  be.  he  was  loved. 

Future. 

er  toirb  toerben,  er  toirb  geliebt  toerben, 

he  will  become.  he  will  be  loved. 

1  For  the  complete  inflection,  see  378,  II.,  and  382. 


178    THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  foetbett  t    PASSIVE  VOICE. 

INDICATIVE. 
Perfect. 


cr  ift  getoorben, 
he  has  become. 


er  toar  getoorben, 
he  had  become. 


er  ift  geltebt  toorben, 
he  has  been  loved. 

Pluperfect, 

er  toar  geltebt  toorben, 
he  had  been  loved. 


Future  Perfect. 
er  totrb  getoorben  fein,  er  totrb  geltebt  toorben  fetn. 


he  will  have  become. 

er  toerbe,  he  may  become. 

er  toiirbe, 

he  might  become. 

er  toerbe  toerben, 
he  will  become. 

er  fet  getoorben, 

he  may  have  become. 

er  tocire  getoorben, 
he  might  have  become. 


he  will  have  been  loved. 

SUBJUNCTIVE.1 

Present. 

er  toerbe  geltebt,  he  may  beloved. 

Imperfect. 

er  toiirbe  geltebt, 
he  might  be  loved. 

Future. 

er  toerbe  geltebt  toerben, 
he  will  be  loved. 

Perfect. 

er  fet  geltebt  toorben, 
he  may  have  been  loved. 

Pluperfect. 

er  toare  geltebt  toorben, 
he  might  have  been  loved. 


Future  Perfect. 
er  toerbe  getoorben  fetn,  er  toerbe  geltebt  toorben  fetn, 

he  will  have  become.  he  will  have  been  loved. 


1  The   meanings  given   in   the 
subjunctive  are  merely  formal  and 


had  better  not  be  learned  by  the 
pupil 


THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  foerbett  t    PASSIVE  VOICE.     179 


CONDITIONAL. 
First  Conditional. 


er  toiirbe  toerben, 
he  would  become. 


er  totirbe  geliebt  toerben, 
he  would  be  loved. 


.     Second  Conditional. 

er  toiirbe  getoorben  fetn,       er  toiirbe  geltebt  morben  fein, 
he  would  have  become.         he  would  have  been  loved. 


toerbe,  become. 


foerbert,  to  become. 


getoorben  fein, 
to  have  become. 


IMPERATIVE. 
Present. 

toerbe  geliebt,  be  loved. 

INFINITIVES. 
Present. 

geliebt  toerben,  to  be  loved. 

Perfect. 

geliebt  toorben  fein, 
to  have  been  loved. 


PARTICIPLES. 

Present. 

toerbenb,  becoming.  geliebt  toerbenb,  being  loved. 

Past. 

getoorben,  having  become,    geliebt  toorben,  having  been  loved. 

278.  1.  The  inflection  of  Uterftett  presents  no  difficulty.  The 
student  has  only  to  remember  that  its  tense  auxiliary  is  feilt,  and  there- 
fore that  in  the  compound  past  tenses  has  become,  had  become,  etc.,  are 
represented  by  Bin  gcttJOttJCll,  four  getoorfcett,  etc. 

2.  Observe  in  the  passive  voice  (1)  that  every  form  is  made  by 
combining  the  past  participle  of  the  verb  to  be  conjugated  with  the 
corresponding  form  of  trmfcltn,  except  that  the  participle  flCulorfccti 
everywhere  loses  its  augment  ge;  (2)  that  this  past  participle  precedes 


180    the  tense  auxiliary  toerben :  PASSIVE  VOICE. 


the  participle  and  infinitive  of  foer&Ctt,  wherever  they  occur.     Hence,  et 

torirt)  geltcBt  tocrfcen,  he  will  be  loved;  cr  toirti  gelicbt  to orb en  fein,  he 

will  have  been  loved. 

279.  Observe  the  order  in  the  following : 

baft  er  geliebt  toerbe,  that  he  may  be  loved,    ■ 

baft  er  geliebt  toorbert  fet,  that  he  may  have  been  loved, 

baft  er  geliebt  toerbert  toerbe,  that  heiuill  be  loved. 

baft  er  geliebt  toorben  Jem  toerbe,  that  he  will  have  been  loved. 

toenrt  er  geliebt  toiirbe,  if  he  were  loved. 

toerm  er  geliebt  toorben  toare,  if  he  had  been  loved. 

toerm  er  geliebt  Herbert  toitrbe,  if  he  should  be  loved. 

toenrt  er  geliebt  toorben  fein  toiirbe,  if  he  should  have  been  loved. 

280.  Examine  the  two  following  groups  of  sentences : 

I. 

1.  £)a§  €>$loft  ift  gerftort,  the  castle  is  destroyed. 

2.  2)a§  ©la3  tear  ^erbroa^en,  the  glass  was  broken. 

3.  ©em  §au§  toar  gut  eingeria;tet,  his  house  was  well  fur- 
nished. 

4.  &ie  £)iebe  toaren  fcor  ber  9lad)t  eirtgefangert,  the  thieves 
were  caught  before  night. 

II. 

1.  £)er  ^Palaft  tourbe  erbaut,  the  palace  was  built. 

2.  ©er  Rnabt  toirb  ijon  feinem  3Sater  geliebt,  the  boy  is  loved 
by  his  father. 

3.  SDiefer  SBrief  muft  gefcr)riebcn  toerben,  this  letter  must  be 
written, 

4.  £)ie  ©a^riften  ©drillers  toerben  biel  gelefen,  Schiller's  works 
are  much  read, 

281.  l.  The  participles  jcrflbrt,  jerbrodjen,  ctngcridjtet,  eingefongew, 

of  the  first  group,  evidently  denote  the  state  or  condition  of  the  objects  to 
which  they  refer,  rather  than  the  action  performed  upon  them.     In  other 


THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  fterbett  I    PASSIVE  VOICE.     181 


words,  they  have  given  up  their  verbal  character  and  have  become 
virtually  adjectives.  If,  therefore,  the  verb  were  omitted,  it  would  be 
most  natural  to  supply  a  form  of  fcilt.  This  is  not  so  manifestly  true  of 
the  fourth,  which  might,  indeed,  have  tuUruCtt  in  place  of  lUOVCIt.  Eut 
the  meaning  is,  were  in  custody  before  night. 

2.  Examine  now  the  second  group.  Here  the  participles  are  not 
descriptive  of  the  state  or  condition  of  the  objects  to  which  they  refer ; 
a  built  palace,  a  loved  boy,  a  written  letter,  read  works,  do  not  convey  the 
meaning.  The  acts  of  building,  loving,  writing,  reading  are  the  important 
thing.     Hence  the  verb  is  lUCt&CU. 

3.  Hence  in  turning  English  sentences  like  those  of  280  into  German, 
use  feilt,  if  a  state  or  condition  is  to  be  denoted,  tucifoci!,  if  the  stress  is 
on  the  act ;  for  in  the  latter  case  the  sentence  is  a  real  passive. 

282.  Slttfgabc, 

1.  This  palace  was  sold  at  auction  in  the  year  1845.  2.  It 
had  been  built  by  Prince  B.  3.  An  old  palace,  which  had  been 
destroyed  by  fire,  had  stood  in l  the  same  place.  4.  The  new 
palace  will  be  sold  at  auction.  5.  The  Count,  who  is  the 
present  owner,  has  become  a  poor  man,2  because  he  has 
gambled  away  his  fortune.  6.  Prince  A.  and  Count  B.  have 
gambled  away  their  fortunes  and  have  become  poor  men. 
7.  The  palace  which  was  sold  at  auction  this  week  was  built 
by  Prince  A.  8.  After3  the  old  palace  had  been  destroyed 
by  fire,  a  new  one  was  built  in  the  same  place.  9.  A  large 
palace  was  built  by  Prince  A.,  and  it  cost  him  so  much  money, 
that  he  became  a  poor  man.  10.  This  beautiful  palace  will  be 
sold  at  auction,  as  the  owner  of  it  has  become  a  poor  man. 
11.  If  you  gamble  your  money  away,  you  will  surely  become 
a  poor  man.  12.  The  park  was  bought  by  the  Count,  the 
present  owner  of  the  palace.  13.  If  the  owner  of  this  palace 
had  not  become  a  poor  man,  it  would  not  have  been  sold  at 

1  What  case  should  follow  an  3  Remember  that  na(f)bctlttrans- 
here  ?     Why  not  in  ?  poses  the  verb  to  the  end  of  the  sen- 

2  Either  the  nominative,  or  as  tence.     See  212. 
in  the  model  sentence. 


182     THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  toerben  '.    PASSIVE  VOICE. 


auction.  14.  Had  Prince  A.  not  gambled  his  money  away,  he 
would  not  have  become  a  poor  man.1  15.  The  Count  would 
not  perhaps  have  become  a  poor  man,1  if  his  palace  had  not 
been  destroyed  by  fire.  16.  This  new  palace  would  not  have 
been  built,1  if  the  old  one  had  not  been  destroyed  by  fire. 

283.  (ftrtlicsoiriji  emit  art  *ttt*$  ftitabrm 

din  $nabe,  ber  toon  fetnen  ©Item  auf  einen  Safyrmarft  gefanbt 
morben  mar,  urn  toerfdnebene  Slrttfel  gu  fcerfaufen,  murbe  auf  bem 
§etmmeg  i)on  einem  Dtctuber  $u  $ferb  angefyalten.  2)er  $nabe 
lief  babon,  fo  fa;nell  ilm  feirte  giifje  tragen  fonnten,  murbe  aber 
balb  etngetyolt.  £)er  dauber  ftteg  ah  unb  forberte  bag  ©elb  beg 
$naben.  3) a  gog  biefer  fetnen  ©elbbeutel  fyeraug  unb  ftreute  ben 
gnfyalt  begfelben  auf  bem  Soben  umfyer.  2Bd^>renb  bag  ©elb  nun 
oon  bem  dauber  aufgelefen  murbe,  fprang  ber  $nabe  bli£fd)nell 
auf  bag  vpferb  unb  galoppterte  baoon.  $u  §aufe  angefommen, 
murbe  bag  $ferb  in  bem  ©tall  angebunben ;  barauf  murben  bte 
(Satteltafdjen  unterfud)t  unb  eg  fanb  fia)  aujjer  gmei  gelabenen 
^iftolen  eine  bebeutenbe  ©umme  bareg  ©elb  barin. 

Note.  —  The  above  anecdote,  like  other  prose  selections  in  this 
book,  may  be  made  the  basis  of  conversation  in  German.  The  answers 
should  be  in  complete  sentences.  The  questions  might  be  such  as  the 
following : 

2Qer  murbe  toon  fetnen  ©Item  auf  ben  3a^rmar^  gefanbt? 
v&aZ  fotlte  ber  Rnaht  auf  bem  Safyrmarft  oerfaufen  ?  23on  mem 
hmrbe  er  auf  bem  §etmmeg  angefyalten?  23ag  tfyat  ber  $nabe, 
alg  er  angefyalten  murbe?  2Ber  fyolte  ifyn  em?  $&a§  forberte 
ber  dauber,  nadjbem  e*  abgefttegen  mar?  2luf  mel$e  2Beife 
Iteferte  (delivered)  ber  $nabe  bag  ©elb  aug  3  $on  mem  murbe 
bag  ©elb  aufgelefen  ?  $QaZ  tfyat  ber  $nabe,  mcifyrenb  ber  dauber 
bag  ©elb  auflag?  9£>o  murbe  bag  $ferb  angebunben  unb  mag 
murbe  burcfyfucfyt  ?    $QaZ  fanb  fia)  in  ben  ©atteltafcfyen  ? 

1  Express  in  two  ways :  by  the  plupf.  subjunc,  and  by  the  second  cond. 


THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  tterbett  I    PASSIVE  VOICE.     183 


284. 

ber  33lit$,  lightning. 
ber  igeimroeg,  way  home. 
ber  3nfyflft/  contents. 
ber  $<d)tmaxh,fair. 
ber  dauber,  robber. 


bie  (55eifte3gegenh)art,  presence 

of  mind. 
bk$\\to'k,  pistol. 
bie  <5atteltafdj)e,  saddle-pocket. 

ba3  bare  (55elb,  ^^. 
bebeutenb,  considerable. 


VOCABULARY. 


gelaben,  loaded ;  invited. 
Cf.  eingelaben. 

abfteigen,  ftieg  ab,  abgeftiegen 

(f.),  to  dismount. 
anfyalten,  fyielt  an,  angefyalten, 

to  hold  to,  to  stop. 
auflefen,  la£  auf,  aufgelefen, 

to  pick  up. 
burcfyfuayen,  /0  examine. 
einfyolen,  to  overtake. 
forbern,  abforbern,  to  demand. 
galoppieren,  to  gallop. 
umfyerftreuen,  to  scatter  about. 


285. 


5Jufgabe. 


[Read  aloud  the  following  sentences  through  the  eleventh,  putting  the 
verb  into  the  passive,  but  without  changing  the  tense;  beginning  with  thd 
twelfth,  change  the  tense,  as  indicated,  as  well  as  the  voice.] 

1.  2)er  dauber  fyalt  ben  S^etfenben  im  2Balb  an. 

2.  3)er  dauber  fyielt  ben  S^eifenben  im  2Balb  an. 

3.  £)er  dauber  fyat  ben  S^eifenben  im  2SaIb  angefyalten. 

4.  2)er  dauber  fyattz  ben  S^eijenben  im  2Salb  angefyalten. 

5.  £)er  dauber  frrirb  ben  "^eif  enben  im  SSatb  anfyalten. 

6.  £)er  dauber  raiirbe  ben  Sfcifenben  im  2Balb  anfyalten. 

7.  £)er  dauber  mitrbe  ben  S^eifenben  im  2SaIb  angefyalten 
fyaben.    SDer  dauber  fyatte  ben  S^eifenben  im  2Mb  angefyalten. 

8.  21I§  bie  Tlaah  ba§  geuer  in  meinem  dimmer  cmgemadfyt 
t>atte,  fyolte  fie  $ofylen  unb  §oI§. 

9.  $aum  fyatte  bie  gra.u  ba§  $orbd)en  tooE  $irfcf)en  auf  ben 
%\\a)  geftellt,  als  bie  ^inber  fie  fyerau§nafymen  unb  aj$en. 

10.  2Bir  nntrben  ba3  SBier  ma)t  getrunfen  I)aben  (fatten  ba£ 
93ier),  roenn  e§  nia^t  gut  geroefen  toare. 


184     THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  toetbett !    PASSIVE  VOICE. 

11.  3)ie  junge  ©ante  toiirbe  ba§  f$one  feibene  ^leib  ntcfyt  an* 
ge^ogen  Ijaben,  toenn  fie  fyatte  tmffen  fonnen,  baj$  em  ungefajitfter 
Sftadjbar  il)r  bet  bent  SIbenbeffen  em  ©Ia§  rotten  SSetn  baruber 
fcfyiitten  toitrbe. 

12.  2Bann  fyaben  ©ie  bie  Ufyr  aufgegogen?  (Perf.,  Plup.,  Fut.) 

13.  §err  -JR.  umgtebt  feinen  ©arten  mit  einer  9Jiauer.  (Pres., 
First  Cond.) 

14.  ®ie  ©riecfyen  beftegten  bte  $erfer  in  t>erfct)iebenen  ©$laa;= 
ten.     (Imp.,  Perf.) 

15.  gain  erf  a;  lug  feinen  SBruber  2lbel.    (Imp.,  Perf.) 

16.  £)er  Sefyrer  Heft  bte  ©rgafyhmg  Dor  unb  ber  ©dottier  lieft  fie 
na$.     (Pres.,  Imp.,  Perf.) 

17.  ©in  beriifymter  Sftaler  l)at  btefe§  SBilb  gematt.    (Perf.) 

18.  SDie  ©d^iiler  miiffen  biefe£  ©ebia)t  au^tnenbig  lernen. 
(Pres.,  Perf.) 

286.  Vtufaabe. 

1.  The  house  opposite  the  church,  which  is  now  oc- 
cupied by  Mr.  S.,  was  built  by  his  grandfather  in  the  year 
1802.  2.  It  was  afterwards  enlarged  and  greatly  improved  by 
the  present  owner,  who  had  become  a  very  rich  man.  3.  It  is 
arranged1  in  the  most  comfortable  manner,  and  is,  as  you 
know,2  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  garden.  4.  Mr.  S.  intends  to 
go  to  France  next  year  and  to  live  there,  and  therefore  it  will 
be  sold.  5.  It  would  not  be  sold,  if  he  had  the  intention  of 
returning.  6.  I  think  the  sale  of  the  house  is  contrary  to  the 
wishes  of  his  relations. 

7.  These  are,  I  suppose,  the  French  books  which  have  been 
sent  to  us  by  our  Darmstadt 3  friend  ?  8.  Yes,  they  were 
delivered  this  morning,  before4  you  came  out5  of  your  bed- 
room ;  but  besides  these  French  books  we  have  also  some 
English  ones  here,  which  were  brought  from  the  circulating- 

1  Read  again  281,  1.  3  See  230,  1.  «  See  212. 

2  See  page  119,  note  2.  *  rut*      jjcrausftuncn. 


THE  TENSE  AUXILIARY  tTjerbeit  t    PASSIVE  VOICE.     185 


library  last  night.  9.  Are  good  books  to  be  had1  there?  10. 
Besides  some  books  of  travels  and  voyages,  they  have,  it 
appears,  nothing  but2  novels.  11.  Elizabeth,  our  servant,  was 
sent  there  the  other  day  to  fetch  some 3  historical  work,  or  some 
other  good  book,  but  she  returned  with  nothing  but  rubbish. 
12.  The  English  that  live  at4  Darmstadt  are  better  off  in  this 
respect  than  we  ;  they  can  get  books  of  all  sorts  from  the  grand- 
ducal  library,  which  is  said5  to  contain  about  500,000  volumes 
in  different  languages,  and  this  opportunity  of  getting6  good 
English  works  is  frequently  made  use  of  by  them. 

13.  You  remember  the  pretty  watch  with  the  gold  chain, 
which  was  given  me  as  a  present 7  by  my  parents  at  Christmas  ? 
14.  Yes,  it8  was  a  very  handsome  present.  15.  Now,  only 
think  !  It  was  taken  out  of  my  drawer  by  my  little  brother 
yesterday  and  completely  spoiled.  16.  He  was  playing  with  it 
and  let  it  fall  on 9  the  floor.  17.  When  it  was  taken  up,  the 
glass  was  broken ; 10  and  when  it  was  examined  inside,  we  found 
that  the  mainspring  also  was  broken.  18.  It  is  a  great  pity11; 
but  you  ought  to  have  put n  it  in  a  place  where  the  little  fellow 
could  not  have  got13  it.  19.  This  clock  is  generally  wound  up 
after  breakfast,  is  it  not  ?  20.  I  see  here  is  the  key ;  shall  I 
wind  it  up?  21.  No,  thank  you,  it  is  already  wound  upv  22. 
This  looking-glass  was  broken  the  other  day  ;  do  you  know  who 
broke  it?  23.  I  am  sorry  to  say  it  was  Charley;  but  he  did 
not  do  it  on  purpose,  it  was  by  accident. 


1  See  page  146,  note  1.  clause  of  22.     In  the  one  the  con 

2  mct)t3  tllS-  3  irgcni)  Cm-  dition  (of  the  glass),  in  the  other 

4  What  does  at  really  mean  ?  the  fact  (of  the  breaking),  is  the 

5  See  167,  4.        6  ju  (iefontttteit.  main    idea.      The    same    remark 

7  Jlint  ©efcfjeilf.  applies  to  two  other  sentences  in 

8  Is  fie  the  pronoun  here?     See  this  paragraph.     Which  are  they? 
172  and  173.  to  a  great  pity,  feljr  Stfjtttie. 

9  What  case  should  follow  ttllf  ?  12  Use  IcgClt-     Review  268. 

See  under  111.  13  Be  mindful  of  the  order.     See 


10 


Compare    this   with  the  first       183,  2. 


186    the  tense  auxiliary  faerben :  PASSIVE  VOICE. 


287. 


VOCABULARY. 


ber  23anb,  volume. 

ber  ©rojjfyergog,  grand-duke. 

ber  ^limber,  rubbish. 

ber  $tomari,  novel. 

ber  23erfauf,  sale. 

bie  2tbftd)t,  object. 

bie  SBegiefyung,  respect. 

bie  ©elegenfyeit,  opportunity. 

bie  §auptfeber,  mainspring. 

bie  $trd)e,  church. 

bie  Seir)btbItOtr)ef,  circulating- 
library. 

Sanbs  unb  ©eereifert,  travels 
and  voyages. 

ba§  ©efd)id)t§merf,  historical 
work. 


bag  $lima,  climate. 

au^roenblg,  outside. 
inroenbtg,  ito&fe 
mit  $leij$,  gem,  purposely. 
neulid),  //fo  <?//^r  «fey. 
fcottftanbtg,  completely. 
gufallig,  <£y  chance. 

aufgieljen,  §og  auf,  aufge$ogen, 

/<?  wind  up. 
beabfid)tigen,  gebenfen,  bie  216= 

fid)t  fyaben,  /<?  intend. 
benuijen,  ©ebraud)  madden  fc>on, 

A?  #z#/£<?  use  of. 
umge'ben,  umgab,  umgeben,  to 

surroufid  (232). 
fcerbeffern,  to  improve. 
fcergroftem,  to  enlarge. 


beffer  baran  fein,  to  be  better  off. 

id)  fyaht  e3  nid)t  mit  gletft,  mit  SSorfatj  getfyan ;  nid)t  gem  getfyan, 
I'  didrtt  do  it  on  purpose. 

288.  .  The  following  prepositions  govern  the  dative.  The  last  three 
follow  the  noun ;  while  1tati)  (with  the  meaning  according  to)  and  flcmti§ 
sither  precede  or  follow  the  noun. 


(M§,  out  of. 

aufjer,  out  of  besides. 

bet,1  at,  near,  with. 

mit,  with,  together  with. 

nad),  to,  after,  according  to. 

feit,  since. 

t>on,  of  from,  by. 

JU,  to,  at. 


gem&fj,  according  to. 
nad)ft,  next  to. 
rtebft,  together  with. 
\ ammt,  together  with. 
entgegen,  against,  contrary  to, 
gegeniiber,  opposite  to. 
jumiber,  contrary  to. 


1  Also  used  to  denote  time  or  circumstances. 


READING    LESSON.  187 


289.  StimJwtyr, 

[To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 

3n  metne  §eimat  fam  tcfy  toieber, 
@3  toar  bte  alte  §etmat  nocfy, 

SDiefelbe  Suft,  btefelben  Steber, 
Unb  aEe§  ftmr  tote  anberg1  bod^. 

SDie  28elle  raufcfyte  toie  bor  geiten, 
2lm  2Balbtoeg  fprang  tote  fonft  ba3  Sftefy, 

33on  fern  erflang  em  2lbenblauten, 
$)ie  23erge  glan^ten  au$  bent  ©ee. 

3)o$  r>or  bem  §au8,  too  un3  toor  Satyren 
3Me  Gutter  ftet§  empfing,  bort  fafy 

3d)  frembe  9flenf$en,  fremb2  ©ebafyren," 
2Bte  toefy',  toie  toefy'  mir  ba  gefcfyafy4! 

3Jiir  toar,  als  rief  e§6  au3  ben  SESogen: 
gliefy',  fliefy',  unb  ofyne  2Bteberlet)r ! 

£)te  bu  geltebt,6  ftnb  fortgegogen, 
Unb  f efyren  ntmmer,  mmmermefyr ! 


Stngg. 


1  lBtC  (inbet$>  how  different.  then  pierced  my  heart ! 

2  The  ending  £§  dropped.  s  as  if  a  voice  cried. 

3  strange  men,  strange  ways.  6  Supply   Ijflf}.      {Those)  whom 
*  Oh,  what  a  pang.,  what  a  pang  thou  hast  loved. 


188  TENSES    OF   THE    INDICATIVE    MODE. 


gitttf  mtb  jttmttjtgfte  Mtxon. 

290.  TENSES   OF  THE   INDICATIVE   MODE. 

Obgleid)  idj  \tt}t  f^on  8  Stifle  Jjier  Mn,  Ijak  tdj  erjt  geftetn 
put  erjten  9Me  nuggcljett  fimnen.  8Biljittt&  mem  $ntfccr 
aiif  tern  $ontytotr  Brief c  fiir  mtdj  fdjrteb,  madjte  id)  einen 
©tmjierpitQ  fcurdj  bte  Straften  kr  ©tabt  imfc  fling  tiann  in 
Me  @ematt)es©tt!Jerie;  margen  kfudje  iflj  nudj  bag  SRufeum. 

Although  I  have  been  now  a  week  in  this  place,  I  could 
go  out  only  yesterday  for  the  first  time.  While  my  brother 
was  writing  letters  for  me  in  the  counting-house,  I  took 
a  walk  through  the  streets  of  the  town  and  then  went  to  the 
picture-gallery ;  to-morrow  I  shall  also  visit  the  museum. 

291.  Examifie  the  following  groups  of  sentences : 

I. 

1.  2Sie  lange  finb  ©ie  fcfyon  I)ier?  How  long  have  you  been 
here  ? 

2.  13$  bin  jei$t  f$on  ad)t  Xage  fyter,  /  have  been  here  now  a 
week. 

3.  SSie  lange  lemen  <3ie  fcfyon  beutfa)?  How  long  have  you 
been  learning  German  ? 

4.  ga;  lerne  e§  feit  bier  -ilflonaten,  I  have  been  learning  it  for 
four  months. 

5.  £>$  fonne  tyn  feit  feiner  ^inbr)ett,  I  have  known  him  since 
his  childhood, 

292.  The  use  of  the  tenses  in  the  indicative  mode  is  in  general  the 
same  in  German  as  in  English,  but  a  few  points  of  difference  require 
special  attention.  Observe  in  the  above  sentences  (1)  that  the  present  in 
German  is  rendered  by  the  English  perfect ;  (2)  that  this  present  in  every 


TENSES    OF   THE    INDICATIVE    MODE.  189 

instance  denotes  a  state  or  an  act  that  is  not  completed,  but  is  still 
continued;  (3)  that  the  words  fd)01I,  already ;  and  fcit,  since,  accompany 
the  present  so  used,  but  do  not  always  admit  of  separate  translation. 
Express  these  observations  concisely  in  a  rule. 

Note. —  Compare  a  similar  use  of  the  present  in  Latin,  with  jamdiu  and 
other  expressions  of  time:  At  nos  vicesimum  jam  diem  patimur,  but 
we  have  been  permitting  now  for  twenty  days. 

Examples  have  occurred  of  the  use  of  the  present  in  German  for  the 
future.     See  80,  I.  11;  141,9. 

II. 

1.  2Sie  fyaben  (Sie  toergangene  %la<fyt  gefcfylafen?  How  did  you 
sleep  last  night  ? 

2.  ©eftern  fyaht  i$  §um  erften  SJlal  auggefyen  fonnen,  yesterday 
I  was  able  to  go  out  for  the  first  time. 

3.  33ergangene§  $afyr  fyahtn  fair  beutfcfy  gelernt,  last  year  we 
learned  German. 

4.  2Bann  finb  ©te  in  3^en)=3)orl  ange!ommen?  When  did  you 
arrive  at  New  York  ? 

5.  2Bie  lange  finb  ©ie  in  granfreicfy.  getoefen1?  How  long 
were  you  in  France  ?  , 

293.  Observe  in  the  above  sentences  (1)  that  the  perfect  in  German 
is  rendered  by  the  English  preterit,  and  (2)  that  this  perfect  in  every 
instance  denotes  a  completed  act,  not  related  in  time  to  another  act. 
(3)  These  examples  and  a  great  number  that  have  occurred,  beginning 
with  the  second  lesson,  show  that  the  perfect  is  commonly  used  in  short 
questions  and  answers  in  reference  to  what  is  completely  past.  See  7 
and  8. 

Note.  —  The  correspondence  with  the  English  of  the  German  im- 
perfect, except  as  already  noted,  and  of  the  remaining  tenses  of  the 
indicative,  is  so  close  as  to  occasion  the  learner  little  difficulty.  But 
the  student  of  Latin  and  Greek  should  particularly  notice  that  the 
perfect  is  not  used  in  German  in  connected  historical  narrative,  as  are 
the  Latin  perfect  and  the  Greek  aorist. 

1  How  would  you  say  in  German,  "How  long  have  you  been  in  France  V* 


190  TENSES    OF    THE    INDICATIVE    MODE. 

204.  In  sentences  descriptive  of  past  events  and  containing  a 
principal  and  a  dependent  clause,  the  imperfect  is  regularly  used  in 
the  principal  clause,  and  also,  if  the  time  is  the  same,  in  the  dependent 
clause,  expressing  time,  cause,  or  condition.  See  295,  I.,  15,  16,  and  17. 
Here  the  German  agrees  with  the  English. 

295.  Slufga&e. 

I.  1.  How  long  has  he  been  in  this  town  now?  2.  He 
has  now  been  here  a  week,  but  he  has  as  yet1  seen  very 
little.  3.  Have  you  been  writing  letters  for  him  the  whole 
morning  ?  4.  I  have  been  writing  letters  now  for  four  hours, 
and  yesterday  I  wrote 2  from  9  till  12  o'clock.  5.  They 
have  now  been  walking  through  the  streets  of  the  town  for 
two  hours  and  a  half.3  6.  Well,  Mr.  O.,  I  find  you  in  the 
picture-gallery  at  last ;  have  you  been  here  long  ?  7.  Yes,  I 
have  been  here  since  12  o'clock.  8.  Yesterday  I  was  for 
two  hours  in  the  museum,  but  I  did  not  like 4  it  so  much  as 
that  at 5  F.  9.  Did  you  write  letters  at  the  counting-house 
this  morning  ?  10.  No,  not  this  morning,  but  in  the  after- 
noon I  wrote  two.  11.  Did  they  take  a  walk  through  the 
town  or  into  the  fields  ?  12.  They  took  a  walk  through  the 
fields  and  went  as  far  as 6  the  next  village. 

13.  Were  you  ever  in  a  picture-gallery  that  contains  works 
by  old  masters  ?  14.  Yes,  I  saw  the  picture-galleries  of  dif- 
ferent towns  in  Italy.  15.  When  I  was  in  Italy,  I  saw  7  many 
picture-galleries.  16.  Whilst  we  were  taking  a  walk  through 
the  streets  of  the  town,  our  friends  went  to  see  the  museum 
17.  As  she  could  not  see  the  picture-gallery  to-day,  she  re- 
mained at  home  to  write  letters.     18.  I  have  now  been  in 


1  as  yet,  MS  ft$t  6  as  far  as,  bi8  Ott. 

8  See  293,  (2).  7  The  imperfect  is  the  proper 

3  ul'ttthnld  StUttbett-  tense  in  this  and  the  two  following 

*  gefdttett  with  the  dative  mil*.  sentences.    See  293,  note,  and  294 
6  Consider  what  at  means. 


TENSES    OF   THE    INDICATIVE    MODE.  191 

this  place  for  a  whole  week,  but  have  not  yet  been  able  to  go 
out  without  an  umbrella.  19.  We  have  been  in  M.  now  for 
nearly  a  month,  and  yesterday  we  could  go  out  for  the  first 
time  without  an  umbrella.  20.  To-morrow  I  shall  go  to 
town  to  see  the  museum.  21.  Will  you  come  with  me  ?  22. 
I  am  sorry,  I  shall  not  be  able  to,  for  my  tailor  will  come  to- 
morrow to  take  my  measure 1  for  new  clothes  ;  I  shall  go  to 
Paris  in  a  fortnight.  23.  My  friend  R.  has  been  in  Paris 
now  for  two  months  and  has  not  yet  written  me  one  letter. 

11.  1.  SSo  ift  Suife?  2.  ©ie  fi£t  in  ifyrem  gimmer  imb 
roeint  bittere  £fyvcmen;  fie  lernt  je|t  fcfyon  gegen  cmbertfyalb 
©tunben  an2  ifyrer  fran^oftfcfyen  Slufgabe,  unb  meijs  fie  immer3 
nod)  nid)t  3.  S)a3  arme  $inb !  3$  furcate,  roemt  fie  noa;  etn= 
mat  anbertfyalb  ©tunben  lernte,  fie  roiirbe  fie  bod)  *  nod)  nid)t 
roiffen.  4.  ©efy'  fytnein  unb  fag'  tfyr,  fie  foil  fyerau^fommen 
unb  fpielen;  memt  fie  morgen  fritter  aufftefyt,  fo  lernt6  fie  in 
einer  fyalben  ©tunbe  mefyr,  al§  jetjt  in  groei.  5.  gn  ber  leijten 
3eit6  i)at  fie  \a  ifyre  Slufgaben  immer  fefyr  gut  gemugt  unb  id)  bin 
iiberjeugt,  fie  toeifj  fie  and)  morgen  ebenfo  gut.  6.  grang,  bu 
ftofteft  je£t  f$on  bie  ganje  Sett  an  ben  %i\d),  fo  bafc  xa)  nid)t 
gut  fcr)reiben  fanri,  unb  aufjerbem  i)abt  id)  babura)  einen  ^inten* 
fled§  belommen.  7.  %lid)t  mafyr,  bir  liegt  ni$t§  baran,  menu  bu 
$lecffe  ^aft ;  id)  aber  fyalte  meine  §efte  gem  rein.  8.  §ore  nun 
auf  §u  ftofeen,  fonft  roirft  bu  fefyen,  ma§  eg  giebt.7  9.  @§  ift  feine 
£inte  in  biefem  £intenfa§.  10.  ©o?  3$  glaubte,  e3  mare 
^inte  barin;  benn  bie  £intenfaffer  finb  erft  oorgeftern  gefiiEt 
Voorben.  11.  £a£  ben  fcfymutjigen,  bicfen  ©a£  erft  fyerau§laufen ; 
id)  fclmtte  bann  anbere  £inte  fyinein. 

12.  „3fyr  SDiener,  §err  £).  %d)  i)ahz  \a  fcfyon  lange  nid)t  mefyr 
ba§  SSergniigen  gefyabt,  ©ie  $u  fefyen.    13.  3Bo  finb  ©ie  benn  bie 

1  See   vocabulary,  page  120.  5  Make  an  observation  on  the 

2  lentt  tttt,  studies  at.  tense.                   6  ttt  —  ^Ctt,  of  late. 

3  immer  ItOtt)  Ittdjt,  not  even  yet.  7  tOaS   C$    gtebt,   what  the  cot- 

4  &0(l)  llfld)  Uttfjt,  not  even  then.  sequence  will  be. 


192  TENSES    OF    THE    INDICATIVE    MODE. 

gat^e  $tit  getoefen?"  14.  ,,3$  bin  bier  2Bod)en  lang  an  ber 
©ee1  getoefen  unb  fyabe  mi$  du^erft  gut  unterfyalten."  15.  „2Birfs 
lid),  ba§  freut  mi$ ;  tdj  fiir  meinen  £eil  fyahz  e§  immer  fefyr 
langtoeilig  an  ber  (See  gefunben.  16.  3Sie  fyaben  ©ie  benn 
Sfyre  3ett  ^ugebradjt?"  17.  „9ttorgen§  nafym  id>  ein  33ab,  manti^ 
mal  \a)on  oor  bem  griifyftttd,  je  nad;bem2  loir  bie  glut  fatten; 
§ur  3e^  ber  @DDe  wcicfyte  ia)  auf  bem  <Sanb  einen  ©pagiergang, 
enttoeber  aftein,  ober  in  ber  ©efeflfa^aft  einiger  £)erren,  beren 
23efanntfd)aft  ia)  bort  gemaa;t  fyatte,  ober  ia)  mietete  tnir  ein 
$)3ferb  unb  tnad)te  einen  ©pa^ierriit.  18.  SSafyrenb  ber  anbern 
geit  Ia§  id;  gettungen,  bit  mir  oon  §aufe  gefa;idt  iourben,  ober 
$8iid)er,  bie  ia;  mir  au§  ber  Seifybibliotef  fyolen  lieft."  19.  „<$fyc 
Slufentbalt  an  ber  ©ee  fd^eint  Sfynen  jebenfatf3  gut  belommen  gu 
fein,  benn  ©ie  fefyen  fe^r  loofyl  au3." 

296.  VOCABULARY. 

ber  2tufentfyali,  stay,  sojourn,      mirflid),  really,  indeed. 

ber  ©atj,  sediment ;  sentence. 

ber  ^intenf  led3,  ink-spot.  auffyoren,  to  cease,  to  give  over. 

bie  Selanntf c^aft,  acquaintance.      &aben'  to  bathe'  to  wash' 

bie  <mt,  low  water,  eingiefien,  emfauiten,  topourin. 

bie  glut,  /*&*  a^fcr.  mieten' t0  hire>  t0  renL 

bie  St&rfine,  tear.  fto&en'    "   knock  aZainst>   to 

push. 
ba§  Sab,  &*/«,  bathing-place.     gubrin^  ^nbringen,  /*  /«jj 

langfroeiltg,  tedious.  {time). 

297.  Sttufea&e. 

1.    Allow   me   to   congratulate  you  on8  your  safe  return 
home.4      2.    When  did  you   arrive 6  ?      3.    Last  night  about 

1  an  tier  <Sec,  at  the  sea-shore.         4  nod)  §aufe. 

2  je  naajfcem,  according  as.  5  What  is  the  auxiliary  of  Olt* 

3  See  vocabulary,  page  123.  fommcu  ? 


TENSES    OF    THE    INDICATIVE    MODE.  193 

10  o'clock.  4.  Which  way1  did  you  come?  5.  We  came 
by  way  of  Rotterdam.  6.  I  hope  you  had  a  good  passage. 
7.  The  sea  was  rather  rough,  and  we  had  the  wind  against 
us ;  the  consequence  was  that  I  became  very  sea-sick.  8.  Al- 
though I  have  now  been 2  at  home  almost  twenty-four  hours, 
I  still  feel  as  if  I  were  yet  on  board  the  steamer.  9.  I  should 
have  been  3  even  worse,  if  I  had  stayed  long  below  in  the 
cabin  ;  but  the  weather  being 4  fine,  I  remained  a  greater 
part  of  the  time  on  deck.  10.  Did  you  go  to  Rotterdam 
by6  steamer  down  the  Rhine,  or  by  rail?  11.  I  found  it 
very  tedious  last  year  to  go  the  whole  way  by  steamer,  and 
this  time,  therefore,  I  went  only  as  far  as  Cologne ;  from  there 
I  took  the  train,  and  reached  Rotterdam  by  way  of  Emmer- 
ich and  Arnheim  in  less  than  seven  hours.  12.  As  for  my- 
self,6 I  always  preferred  the  short  passage  between  Calais 
and  Dover,  whenever  I  travelled  from  Germany  to  England. 
13.  How  long  have  you  been  in  Germany  now,  Mr.  P.  ? 
14.  It  will  be  six  years  next  Easter.7  15.  Is  it  possible! 
Have  you  really  been8  here  so  long  ?  16.  Where  then  did  you 
live,  before  you  came  to  this  town?  17.  We  lived  above9 
three  years  in  Z.,  from  which  place  we  removed  to  D.  18. 
Then  it  is  no  wonder  that  you  and  all  your  family  speak 
the  language  so  well.  19.  Both  myself  and  my  wife  have 
studied  the  grammar  diligently ;  we  have  read  a  great  deal, 
and  made  use  of  every  opportunity  to  speak  the  language ; 
our  children  are  sent  to  school,  where  they  are  in  constant 
intercourse  with  the  German  masters  and  pupils,  and  they 
speak  the  language  now  like  natives.10 


1  Use  the  accusative.  6  SBa8  mid)  betrtfft 

2  Not  the  perfect.  7  tt0tf)fic  OftttJI. 

3  See  model  sentence,  249.  8  Is  this  to  be  perfect  in  German? 

4  Say,  since  the  weather,  etc.  9  tibcr,  or  tttC^t  ttlS- 

5  by  steamer,  rail,  etc.,  mit  l0  t»tC  6itt0C&OWe. 


194 


READING   LESSON. 


298. 

ber  ©ingeborne,  native. 
ber  Dxi,  place.     Cf.  %\<\%. 
ber  SBerfefyr,  ber  Umgang,  inter- 
course. 

bie  @tfenbafyn,  railroad;   mit 

ber  ©ifenbafyn,  ^  r<«7.   * 
bie  S*°^9e/  consequence. 
bie  $ajiite,  *»&«,  cuddy. 
bie  Stiicffefyr,  return. 
bie  (Seefranfbeit,   sea-sickness. 
bie  Uberf ar)rt,  passage. 

$o!n,  Cologne. 

ba§  3)ampfboot,  bag  3)ampf= 

fdnff,  steamboat. 
ba§  23erbetf,  //<?^. 
ba3  SBnnber,  wonder. 

beftanbig,  constant,  constantly. 
glittftitf),  fortunate,  safe. 
mogltd},  possible. 
feefranf,  sea-sick. 
nnrufyig,  unquiet,  rough. 


VOCABULARY. 


giemlicf),  pretty,  rather,  some* 
what. 

aU  ob,  ^i"  ^ 

bi£,  or  bi§  an,  as  far  as. 

gegen    (with    ace),    towardst 

about. 
oben,    adyt,    above.      Oppos. 

imten. 
fo  oft  al§,  whenever.. 
folDofyl  al3  aua),  ^t^  (preceded 

by  both),  as  well  as. 
iiber  (with  dat.  and  ace),  over, 

by  way  of.     See  316  and  3. 
untert,   adv.,    below.      Oppos. 

oben. 

benuijen,  ©ebraua;  madden  Don, 

to  make  use  of. 
erlauben  (with  dat.),  to  permit. 
erreicfyen,  to  reach,  to  arrive  at. 
lieben,  gem  fyctben,  to  befo?idof 
ftubieren,    to   study;    partic, 

ftubiert. 
toofynen,  to  live,  to  reside. 


an  33orb,  on  board ;  iiber  93orb,  over  board. 
ben  ^fyem  l;inunter,  down  the  Rhine. 


299.  Da*  tfergtuerh, 

3a;  ging  einmal  jn  bem  SBevgmanne  unb  fagte :  „2ieber  23erg= 
mann,  id)  moa^te  fefyen,  toofyer  ba<3  ©olb  fommt."  2) a  anttoortete 
ber  SBergmann:  „2iebe3  $inb,  ba§  ©olb  toirb  tief  unter  ber  @rbe 
gegraben."    £)a  fagte  ia;:   „£ieber  23ergmann,  bann  toil!  ia; 


READING   LESSON.  195 


and)  einmal  unter  bie  @rbe  fteigen,  bamit  id)  genau  fefye,  mofyer 
ba$  ©olb  fommt."    £)er  23ergmann  aber  tear  e3  nicf)t  fogletd) 
gufrteben,  benn  er  fagte :  „Unter  ber  @rbe  in  ber  ©rube  ift  e3 
bunfet,  unb  ift  e§  tiefer  al<3  ein  SBrunnen.    2Ber  ba  fdHt,  ber 
fommt  nimmermefyr  fytxauS*    3$  aber  fyatte  Wut  unb  fprad): 
„£ieber  SBergmann,  id)  fiircfyte  mid>  meber  oor  ber  £>unfelI)eitnod) 
Dor  ber  Xiefe  unb  mill  mid)  feftfyalten,  bamit  id)  nid)t  I)immter= 
faKe."    £>a  fagte  er :  -„23enn  e§  fo  ift,  fo  mitt  ta)  bicfy  mitnefymen. 
$omm,  gie^)   ^ter  einen  23ergmann§fittel  an  unb  binbe  bir  erne 
£eberfa;ur§e  fytnten  oor,  fo  mie  id),  unb  nimm  ein  Stimpcfyen  in  bie 
§anb  unb  folge  mir  wad)"    Unb  nun  ging  e§  fyinunter.    2Bir 
fetjten  un§  in    einen    gro^en   ©inter  unb   fytelten  un§   feft  an 
ber  Rtttc.    SDer  (Sinter  murbe  Ijinuntergeletert  unb    e3   murbe 
immer  bunller;  man  fafy  bie  <3onne  nia;t  mefyr,  unb  Oon  bem 
§immel  nur  ein  gang  fleine3  ©tiiddfyen.     ©nbtia)  mar  ber  ©inter 
auf  bem  33oben,  unb  mir  ftiegen  I)erau3 ;  allein,  menu  mir  feme 
£ampa)en  gefyabt  fatten,  fo  fatten  mir  gar  nid)t§>  gefefyen.    getjt 
fagte  ber  23ergmann :  „9Sir  finb  bur$  ben  ©  d)  a  d)  t,  nun  muff  en 
mir  in  ben  ©toffcn  gefyen."     2)a  gingen  mir  bura;  einen  langen 
bunflen  ©ang,  mela^er  ber  ©toUcn  fyeijjt,  unb  mela^er  fo  niebrig 
mar,  baf$  ber  33ergmann  gebitdt  gefyen  muftte,  id)  aber  lonnte 
gerabe  gefyen,  meil  id)  nod;  llein  mar.    3ule£t  famen  mir  $u  ben 
anberen  SBergleuten,  bie  fyatttn  aUe  leberne  ©cfyur^en  fyinten  unb 
S8ergmann§fittel,  mie  mir  and),  unb  bann  fatten  fie  fpitu'ge  feadm 
in  ber  §anb,  bamit  fyieben  fie  in  ben  gelfen  unb  fprengten  grojje 
Stiide  oon  einem  glan^enben  ©teine  ab,  ben  fie  @rg  nannten. 
@iner  aber  lub  ba£  @rg  in  einen  barren  unb  fiifyrte  e§  ben  ©tollen 
lj>inau§,  big  unter  ben  <&d)ad)t,  mo  mir  fyergefommen  maren.   SDort 
t^at  e§  einer  in  ben  ©inter,  unb  bie,  mela)e  oben  ftanben,  teierten 
e§  tyinauf.    ©a  fragte  id):   „2Bo  ift  benn  bag  ©olb?"    „&/* 
fagte  ber  33ergmamt,  „ba§  ftedt  in  bem  ©r^e,  unb  menu  e§  in  ba§ 
grojje  geuer  lommt,  fa^milgt  e§  fyeraug."    Stout  moffte  id)  and) 
ba§  grojje  geuer  fefyen;   aber  ber  S3ergmann  fagte:   id)  miiffe 
©ebulb  fyaben,  man  lonne  nid)t  atteS  auf  einmal  fefyen,  unb  idj 
foEe  nur  fyter  recfyt  %d)t  geben  auf  bie  £)inge  in  bem  33ergmerle. 


196       THE    SUBJUNCTIVE    IN    INDIRECT    QUOTATION. 

Sllfo  betrad>tete  ic§  no$  einmal  bie  SBergleute  in  intern  bunfeln 

©tollen,  mie  jeber  fein  £am:p$en  an  bie  -Jftauer  gefyangt  fyatte, 

unb  mie  fie  flei^ig  Qzx%  abflo^fien  unb  in  ben  barren  luben.    2Iuf 

einmal  Idutete  bie  Slbenbglocfe,  ba  legten  fie  il)r  SSerf^eug  beifeite 

unb  riefen:  „©lucf  auf!"  benn  ba§  fyeifct  bet  i(jnen  fo  t)tel  al^ : 

„(5hiten  £ag  ober  guten  2lbenb."    §ierauf  gingen  fie  unten  an 

ben  ©$atf)t,  unb  liej^en  fid)  in  bem  ©imer  fyinaufleiern,  unb  i$ 

mutbe  aurfj  fjinaufgeletert  unb  freute  mia),  aU  \<fy  mieber  am 

Xage§lia)t  unb  auf  ber  (Srbe  mar. 

SB  ill).  Surtman. 


@ed)§  unb  jtoanjitjfte  Seltiatt. 

300.  THE   SUBJUNCTIVE    IN    INDIRECT   QUOTATION. 

(§ht  Wiener  tourbe  tion  feincm  #errn  gefraflt,  tote  tnel 
Wjr  e§  fci.  liefer  anttoortete,  er  toijfe  e§  nidjt,  tia  er  Icine 
Itljr  bet  ftdj  *)«&? ;  tfe*  **  motte  in  ticn  ©arten  deceit  tmb 
bie  ©ottnenuljr  Ijolen,  bamtt  bet  £crr  felbft  natfjfetjen  fiimte. 

A  servant  was  asked  by  his  master,  what  o'clock  it  was. 
He  answered  that  he  did  not  know,  as  he  had  no  watch  with 
him ;  but  he  would  go  into  the  garden  and  fetch  the  sun-dial, 
so  that  his  master  might  see  for  himself. 

301.  PARADIGMS  OF  THE   PRESENT  SUBJUNCTIVE. 
fallen,  praise.       fettt,  be.  ftfttjt;  have.    turrfceit,  become.    ftriffCH,  know. 

i$  lobe.        icr)  fei.  \§  fyaht.        \<fy  merbe.        \a)  miffe. 

bulobeft.       bufeieft.       bu  fyabeft.      bumerbeft.       bu  miffeft. 

er  lobe.         er  fei.  er  fyaht.         er  merbe.         er  miffe. 

mir  loben.     mir  feien.      mir  fyaben.     mir  merben.     mir  miffen. 

j  ifyc  lobet.  ( ifyr  feiet.  f  U)r  Isabel.  ( u)r  merbet.  ( $V  miffet. 

(  ©ie  loben.  I  ©ie  feien.  (  ©ie  fyabm.  X  ©ie  merben.  1  ©ie  miffen. 

fie  loben.      fie  feien.       fie  fyaben.       fie  merben.       fie  miffen. 


THE    SUBJUNCTIVE    IN    INDIRECT    QUOTATION.  197 

fatten,  ought,    miiffen,  must.  bux\tn,  fe at/owed.  mo$tn,  Ufa.     ionnen,  can. 

ity  foUe.1       to)  miiffe.        icfy  biirfe.       tcfy  moge.        icfy  fonne. 
bu  f  off  eft.      bu  muff  eft.      bit  biirfeft.      bu  mogeft.      bu  fonneft. 
er  folle.         er  miiffe.        er  biirfe.        er  moge.        er  fonne. 

nrir  {often,     mir  miiffen.     roir  biirfen.    itrir  mogen.    fair  lonnen. 
( ifyr  follet.    (  ifyr  miiffet.    f  ifyr  biirf et.    ( il)r  moget.    ( ifyr  f  onnet. 
i  ©ie  foUen.  1  ©ie  miiffen.  1  ©ie  biirfen.  (  ©ie  mogen.  (  ©ie  lonnen. 

fie  foden.       fie  miiffen.      fie  biirfen.      fie  mogen.      fie  lonnen. 

302.  Observe  (1)  that  in  the  present  subjunctive  the  singular  may- 
be formed  from  the  infinitive  by  dropping  the  termination  cit  and  adding 
t  to  the  root  of  the  verb  for  the  first  and  third  persons,  and  eft  for  the 
second;  (2)  that  the  plural  is  like  the  indicative.     <2>Ctn  is  irregular. 

The  formation  of  the  imperfect  and  pluperfect  subjunctive  has  been 
illustrated  (250,  252).     For  the  complete  inflection,  see  pp.  253-27G. 

303.  Observe  now  in  the  model  sentence  the  following  points : 

1.  In  the  dependent  clauses  of  indirect  quotation,  the  subjunctive  is 
employed  in  German  where  the  English  has  the  indicative.     Hence  the  , 

forms  fei,  nriffe,  Ijak,  toofie. 

2.  After  a  past  tense  in  the  principal  clause,  the  German  regularly 
has,  in  indirect  quotation,  the  tense  that  would  be  used,  if  the  quotation 
were  direct2;  and  so  again  differs  from  the  English.  The  question  was, 
"What  o'clock  is  it?"  The  answer  was,  "I  do  not  know ;  I  have  no 
watch."     But  see  305. 

3.  The  conjunction  fcaj),  that,  which  often  introduces  an  indirect 
quotation,  may  be  omitted,  in  which  case  the  order  of  the  words  is  the 
same  as  in  a  principal  clause.     Hence,  cr  tBtffC  t&  tti(f)t. 

304.  Examine  the  following  sentences  : 

1.  ©ie  fagten,  fie  wiijjten  bie  S«t  ni$t,  they  said  they  did  not 
kno7v  the  time. 

2.  ©ie  fagten,  fie  fatten  leine  Ufyr,  they  said  they  had  no 
watch. 

1  ttioltcn  is  inflected  like  fotten.  languages  with  the  German.    Gen- 

2  The  student  of  Greek  and  erally  speaking,  there  is  greater 
Latin  will  find  it  very  profitable  to  freedom  in  German  than  in  Latin, 
compare  the  construction  in  those  and  less  than  in  Greek. 


198       THE    SUBJUNCTIVE    IN    INDIRECT    QUOTATION. 


3.  @r  fragte,  toarum  td?  nid)t  nad)  bem  Slrgte  fcfncfte,  he  asked 
why  I  did  not  se?idfor  the  physician. 

4.  ©ie  glaubten,  e§  toare  ber  dauber,  /^  thought  it  was  the 
robber. 

305.  Observe  the  following  points  in  the  above  sentences : 

1.  The  rule  as  to  the  tense  of  the  verb  in  the  dependent  clause, 
illustrated  in  300  and  stated  in  303,  2  is  not  followed.  The  German  here 
agrees  with  the  English  and  Latin  in  assimilating  the  tense  of  the  depen- 
dent verb  to  that  of  the  principal.  But  in  the  first  three  sentences 
the  forms  of  the  present  subjunctive  do  not  differ  from  those  of  the 
indicative,  and  in  such  cases  the  imperfect  subjunctive  must  be  used  in 
place  of  the  present. 

2.  In  the  fourth  sentence  fct  would  be  regular,  in  place  of  hJttrC :  but 
such  departures  from  the  rule  of  303,  2  are  often  met  with,  and  probably 
mark  a  tendency  in  usage. 

306.  Stufga&e. 

[For  the  conjugation  of  the  irregular  verbs,  see  pp.  277-284.] 

1.  Will  you  have  the  kindness  to  tell  me  what  o'clock  it 
is  *  ?  2.  I  am  very  sorry  I  cannot  tell  you,  for  I  do  not  know 
myself,  having2  no  watch  with  me.  3.  Did  you  ask  him 
what  o'clock  it  is  ?  4.  Yes,  I  asked  him,  but  he  told  me 
he  did  not  know.3  5.  She  asked  me  if4 1  had  a  watch  with 
me,  and  if  I  could  tell  her  the  time.  6.  I  answered  her, 
I  had  no  watch  with  me,  and  therefore  could  not  tell  her  the 
time.  7.  A  gentleman  asked  me  if  I  knew  what  o'clock  it 
was.  8.  My  brother  answered  him  we  did  not  know,  as  we 
had  no  watches  with  us.  9.  When  a  servant  was  asked 
what  o'clock  it  was,  he  replied  he  had  B  no  watch,  but  he 
would  go  into  the  garden  and  fetch  the  sun-dial.  10.  When 
1  asked  the  servants  what  o'clock  it  was,  they  replied  they 

1  Why  should  is  be  tft  here,  but  4  Use  06.     See  329. 

fci  in  the'third  ?  5  Why  should  not  this  be  trans- 

2  Say,  since  I  have.  lated   into  German   by   the   same 

3  Read  again  303,  2.  form  as  had  in  the  fifth  ? 


THE    SUBJUNCTIVE    IN    INDIRECT    QUOTATION.  199 

did  not  know,  having  no  watches  with  them,  but  there  was  a 
clock  in  the  kitchen,  and  they  would  go1  and  look. 

11.  I  asked  Mr.  N.  who  was2  the  gentleman  that  was  sit- 
ting at  the  table.  12.  He  replied  he  did  not  know.  13. 
When  I  asked  Mr.  N.  who  was  the  gentleman  that  was 
sitting  at  the  table,  he  replied  that  he  had  not  the  honor 
of  knowing3  him.  14.  I  was  requested  by  a  friend  to  tell 
him  the  time,  and  I  answered  I  would  show  him  my  watch, 
so  that  he  might  see4  for  himself.  15.  He  asked  us  if  we  could 
tell  him  the  time ;  we  answered  him  that  we  had  indeed 
watches  with  us,  but  they  did  not  go,  as  we  had  forgotten  on 
the  previous  evening  to  wind  them  up.  16.  As  I  am  to  be 
at  home  in  good  time5  this  evening,  I  asked  Mrs.  R.  just 
now,  if  it  were  not  late  already ;  but  she  said  it  was  early  yet, 
and  I  must6  not  think  of7  going  home  so  soon. 

307.  Qsv  ntK$uvi$t  ipHvt* 

©in  giirft  trctf  einmal  einige  ©tunben  fritter  in  etnem  <5tabt= 
$en  em,  al3  fein  ($efolge.  £)er  SQBirt  fragte  tfyn,  ob  er  biettetcfyt 
ju  ben  Seuten  be§  gurften,  ber  fyeute  nocfy  lommen  toerbe,  gefyore  ? 
„9?ein,"  anttoortete  biefer.  £)er  rteugierige  SBtrt  tear  mit  biefer 
2(ntit>ovt  nidjt  gufrieben;  er  mac^te8  fid)  im  gtmmer  $*$  S^rften 
etftmS  ^u  tfyun  unb  fragte,  ob  er  toofyl  eine  Slnftettung  bei  bem 
gttrften  §ahz  ?  £)iefer,  ber  gerabe  bamit  befcfyafttgt  Wax,  ficfy  ben 
SBart  §u  fcfyeren,  ertoiberte :  „2>a,  ty  barbiere  it)n  ^utoeilen." 


1  Would  gcljen  or  Ijingeljcn  be  5  ju  renter  $tit 

preferable  ?     Give  a  reason.  6  Use  foutf Clt- 

2  Could  ttJttrc  be  used  ?    Read  7  bartttt  fcenfeit,  Jtt. 

again  303,  2.  3  i^n  ju  fCltltCH.  8  tttadjte,  2C,  he  made  for  him- 

4  See  the  last  clause  of  the  model  self  something  to  do;  that   is,  he 

sentence  under  300.  pretended  to  do  something. 


200       THE    SUBJUNCTIVE    IN    INDIRECT    QUOTATION. 


308.  5*Uf**ty*tt* 

2ln  einem  ©d)lagbaum  erfd)ien  einmal  ein  $erl,  ber  einen  @fel 
trieb.  Wlan  forberte  il)m  ben  ftoU  ah ;  aber  er  toeigerte  fid),  ben= 
felben  $u  begafylen,  toeil  fein  %'m,  tote  er  fagte,  nicfyt  belaben  fei. 
2)er  gollner  irat  ifym  in  ben  2Beg  unb  befyauptete,  baft  fiir  einen 
@fel,  er  fei  belaben  ober  unbelaben,  ftoU  entrict)tet  toerben  miifje ; 
er  fiir  feine  ^erfon  aber  fei  fret,  er  moge  belaben  fein  ober  nid)t. 
„2Benn  ba§  bie  SBerorbnung  tft,"  rief  er,  „fo  follt  ifyr  n\a)t$ 
fyaben."    SRun  nafym  er  ben  @fel  auf  ben  ^iiden  unb  trug  t^n  fort. 

309.  $*t?  P*tttbiittM*r* 

©in  SBeinfyanbter  fanbte  einem  ©belmann  eine  $robe  SBetn, 
Oon  toela^em  er  befyauptete,  bafj  er  ba3  ^obagra  furiere,  unb  erbat 
fid)  eine  Seftellung.  SBalb  barauf  erfyielt  er  einen  SBrief,  in  toel= 
cfyem  ber  (Sbelmann  ifym  mitteilte,  bafj  er  ben  2Bein  probiert  fyahz, 
aber  ba§  ^obagra  bemfelben  oor^iefye. 

310.  Slufgabe* 

[For  the  words  of  this  and  the  succeeding  exercises,  see  the  general 

vocabularies.] 

1.  He  told  me  that  his  brother  could1  not  come,  because 
he  had  fallen  2  from  his  horse  and  broken  his  leg,  and  must 
lie  in  bed  now.  2.  The  thieves  maintained  they  had  found 
the  watch,  going3  across  the  square,  and  had  intended  to 
take  it  to  the  police-office.  3.  She  thought  I  had  done 4  it 
already,  and  did  not  wish  to  show  it  her.  4.  Mary,  go  and 
knock  at  Miss  Julia's  6  door  and  tell  her  that  breakfast  has 


1  The  direct  form  would  be,  can  4  Why  should  this  be  (jattc,  but 

not  come —  has  fallen.  the  following  verb  be  tttullc  ?    Read 

a  fallen  and  fiur^Ctl   are  conju-  again  305. 
gated  with  fein.  5  $ulien$.     See  74. 

3  Say,  as  they,  etc 


THE    SUBJUNCTIVE    IN    INDIRECT    QUOTATION.        201 

been1  on  the  table  this  half  hour,  and  that  we  are  waiting 
for2  her.  5.  Well,  Mary,  is  Miss  Julia  coming?  6.  When  I 
told  her  that  breakfast  was  served,  she  answered,  she  would 
be  down 3  in  five  minutes ;  and  added,  she  had  been  doing 
her  hair,4  which 5  had  taken  her  a  great  deal  of  time  to- 
day, and,  moreover,  she  had  been  obliged  to  mend  her 
dress  ;  she  was  very  sorry 6  that  you  had  waited  for  her. 

7.    I   should  like   to  get  dinner  served,7  if  I   only  knew 
that  Mr.  S.,  who  will  dine  with  us  to-day,  would  come  soon ; 
but  he  told  me  that  he  could  not  promise  to  be  here  at  the 
precise  time,8  having9  so  many  people  to  see  in  town.     8. 
This  morning  I  found  two  strange  children  in  my  garden, 
and  I  asked  them  what  they  were  doing10  there  ?     9.  They 
answered  very  innocently  that  they  had  only  picked  a  few  n 
strawberries  which  they  wanted  to  take  home,  and  to  give  to 
their  little  brother  who  was  ill  in  bed ;  and  when  I   asked 
them  who  had  given  them  the  permission  to  go  into  the  gar- 
den and  to  pick  the  strawberries,  they  said,  they  had  heard 
the  owner  of  the  garden  was  a  very  kind  man,  who  often 
sent12  fruit  to  sick  people;  so  they  had  thought  they  would 
try  to  get  some 13  for  their  little  brother,  and  as  they  had  seen 
nobody  in  the  garden  whom  they  might  have  asked,14  they 
had  taken  some  of  their  own  accord.15     10.  Well,  what  could 
I  do  with  the  poor  little  things16?     11.  After  I  had  asked  a 
few  more 17  questions,  I  added  some  raspberries  and  goose- 
berries to  what18  they  already  had,  and  sent  them  home. 


See  model  sentence,  290.  9  Say,  since  he  has. 

See  vocabulary,  page  100.  i0  Why  not  use  the  present  ? 

toolle  untcn  fetn.  "  em  Jiaar.  Vi  fdjtifc. 

fjauc  fid)  t>a3  §aar  gemadjt  13  emm£. 

See  220  (a).  w  fatten  fragen  fbnnen. 

e8  tfjue  iljr  fc|r  left.  15  don  felfeft  16  Omit. 

ttuftragcn  laffen.  17  nod)  etntgc 

jur  bejHmmten  $cit  18  fitgte  —  ju  oem  Itnjtt,  toaS. 


202  READING    LESSON. 


311.  ®*v  p*if  itnfr  btv  pettivir* 

3)er  got$g  ergdfylte  einmal  bem  2Bolfe  oon  ber  ©tdrle  beg 
5!Jlenfc^en.  $em  £ier,  fagte  er,  lonne  ifym  toiberfte^en,  unb  fie 
miigten  Sift  gebraua^en,  urn  fid)  bor  ifym  gu  retten.  2)a  antmor= 
tele  ber  SSoIf :  „2Berm  \a)  nur  einmal  einen  gu  fefyen  beldme,  id) 
toottte  bodE>  auf  ilm  loggefyen  !*  —  „2)agu  lann  id)  bir  fyelfen," 
fpraa)  ber  gu$g ;  „lomm  nur  morgen  friil)  gu  mir,  fa  tptH  id)  bir 
einen  geigen."  £)er  2Bolf  ftettte  fid£>  frufygettig  ein,  unb  ber  gud)g 
ging  mit  ifym  an  ben  2Beg,  tt>o  ber  3flger  ^^e  £age  Ijerlam. 
3uerft  lam  ein  alter  abgebanlter  ©olbat..  „3ft  bag  ein  3Renfd)  ?" 
fragte  ber  2SoIf.  —  „9ltm,"  antmortete  ber  $ua;g,  „bag  ift  einer 
getoefen."  £)arna$  lam  ein  lleiner  $nabe,  ber  gur  ©clmle  mollte. 
„3ft  bag  ein  9ftenfd)  ?"  —  „9kin,  bag  mitt  erft  einer  merben."  — 
(Snblidj  lam  ber  %'dQtt,  bie  £)oppelflinte  auf  bem  ^iiden  unb  ben 
§irfa;fdnger  an  ber  ©eite.  2) a  faraa)  ber  §aicl)g  gum  2Bolfe : 
„©iefyft  bu,  bort  lommt  ein  -Dttenfa),  auf  ben  mu|t  bu  loggefyen ; 
\a)  aber  mitt  mia?  fart  in  meine  §ofyle  ma$en." 

2)er  2BoIf  ging  nun  auf  ben  SftenfdBen  log.  2)er  3aSer/  a^  er 
tt)n  erblidte,  faraa; :  „@g  ift  ©cfyabe,  bag  ia)  leine  $ugel  gelaben 
I)abe,"  legte  an  unb  fd&ojjj  bem  Solfe  bag  ©d)rot  ing  ©efid)t.  £er 
SBolf  bergog  bag  $efi$t  gemaltig,  boa;  lie£  er  \xa)  n\a)t  fa^reden 
unb  ging  bormdrtg.  cI)a  gab  ilmt  ber  3>dger  c*e  Stoeite  Sabung. 
£>er  SJBoIf  berbig  ben  ©dfymerg  unb  riidte  bem  3a9er  Doa}  5U  Seibe. 
50 a  gog  biefer  feinen  §irf$fdnger  unb  gab  ifym  linlg  unb  red)tg 
tud)tige  §iebe,  bag  er,  iiber  unb  iiber  blutenb  unb  fyeulenb,  gu  bem 
$ud)fe  guriidltef.  ,,-ftun,  93ruber  2Bolf,"  fpraa)  ber  gucfyg,  „mie 
bift  bu  mit  bem  ^Jlenfa^en  fertig  gemorben  V  —  „2laV'  antmortete 
ber  Solf,  „fo  t)ab'  td)  mir  bie  ©tdrle  beg  9ftenfcl)en  nia^t  borge= 
ftellt!  @rft  nafym  er  einen  ©tod  bon  ber  ©adulter  unb  blieg 
fyinein :  ba  flog  mir  etroag  ing  ©eficfyt,  bag  li^elte  mi$  gang  ent= 
feijlicb.  2)amaa)  blieg  er  noa;  einmal  in  ben  ©tod,  ba  flog  mir'g 
urn  bie  9lafe  mie  23li£  unb  §agelmetter.  Unb  alg  ia)  gang  na&e 
mar,  ba  gog  er  eine  blanle  SRippe  aug  bem  £eibe,  bamit  fyat  er  fo 
auf  mia)  loggefa^lagen,  bag  ia)  beina^  tot  mdr'  liegen  geblieben." 
—  M©ie^ft  bu,"  faracl)  ber  gua;g,  „mag  bu  fitr  ein  ^ra^l^ang  bift!" 

©vim  m. 


PREPOSITIONS.  203 


SteBen  tmb  jumnjigfte  geltian. 

312.  PREPOSITIONS. 

ttngea^tet  k§  tierankrttiljen  2Better§  Heranftaltcten  ttiir 

geftern  feineg  S3ruiicr§  tncflen  cincn  9tn§flng  auf  ba§  8anb. 
iltMiljrcnti  tier  Jvaljrt  imi)tn  jaft  id)  in  cincm  fcljr  unbcqucmcn 
iltMiftcn  nnti  icl>tc  mid)  fccsljalb  ki  nnfcrcr  Miidtcljr  in  cincn 
bcqncmcrcn. 

Notwithstanding  the  changeable  weather,  we  arranged  an 
excursion  into  the  country  yesterday  on  account  of  his 
brother.  During  the  drive  thither,  I  sat  in  a  very  uncomfort- 
able carriage,  and  therefore  seated  myself  in  a  more  com- 
fortable one  on  our  return. 

313*  The  uses  of  the  prepositions  are  too  various  to  be  definitely 
and  concisely  stated.  It  is  only  by  constant  observation  and  long  con- 
tinued practice  that  the  learner  can  hope  to  gain  any  mastery  of  the 
subject.  The  following  observations  and  illustrations  are  intended  merely 
as  a  practical  help,  so  far  as  they  go. 

314.  The  following  prepositions,  which  have  occurred  in 
the  previous  lessons,  govern  the  accusative  : 

bt^,1  as  far  as,  till.  Qegen,  towards,  to,  against. 

burcfy,  through,  by.  ofytte,  without,  but  for. 

\xxx,for.  urn,  about,  round,  at 

hnber,  against. 


1  Often  as  an  adverb  with  pre-  hostium  accessit,  he  advanced  up 
positions  to  fix  a  limit.  Compare  to  the  camp  of  the  enemy.  A  mane 
in  Latin  usque :  usque  ad  castra      ad  noctem  usque,  even  till  night 


204  PREPOSITIONS. 


1.  $urd)  means  through,  used  literally  in  expressions  of  space  and 
time.     It  also  often  signifies  through  =  by  means  of. 

Examine  the  following  : 

£)urcfy  bte  bretten  Jenfter  (145),  through  the  broad  win- 
dows. 

SDurcfy  bte  ©tra^ert  (290),  through  the  streets. 

2)urcfy  bag  gan^e  Seben,  through  the  whole  life. 

2)urd)  einen  ^ol^eibiener  (200,  II.  12),  through  (by)  a  police- 
man. 

2.  ©CQCtt  is  used  with  expressions  of  number  or  time  in  a  general  or 
approximate  statement,  in  contrast  with  Uflt,  which  denotes  time  definitely 
and  accurately ;  it  also  denotes  direction. 

©egen  fyalb  fieben  (241),  towards  (about)  half  past  six. 
£)a§  2anb  Uegt  gegen  SRorgen,  the  land  lies  towards  (faces) 
the  east. 

3.  Um. 

Urn  unfere  ©tabt  (141,  18),  about  our  city. 

(Stcfy  um  ftcfy  befitmmern  (273),  to  trouble  oneself  about  oneself 

to  mind  one's  own  business. 
Um  bret  3Siertel  auf  fiinf  (212,  II.  12),  at  a  quarter  to  five. 
Um  SBer^eibimg  hitttn  (174,  7),  to  beg  (for)  pardon. 

315.  The  prepositions  that  govern  the  dative  have  been 
given  in  288.     For  convenience  they  are  repeated  here : 

au§,  out  of.  gemaj},  according  to. 

aufjer,  out  of,  besides.  n&cfyft,  next  to. 

bet,  at,  near,  with.  ttebft,  together  with. 

mit,  with,  together  with.  fammt,  together  with. 

nad),  to,  after,  according  to.      entgegen,  against,  contrary  to. 

fett,  since.  gegeniiber,  opposite  to. 

fcon,  of,  from,  by.  gumiber,  contrary  to. 

gu,  to,  at. 


PREPOSITIONS.  205 


Examine  the following  ; 

1.  »cu 

Set  unferm  greunb  (160,  II.  .8),  at  our  friend's  house. 

Seim  9?acfytifcfy  (160,  II.  10),  at  dessert. 

3Me  <3cfylacr/t  bet  Waterloo  (241),  the  battle  of  Waterloo. 

Sei  fcfyonem  2Setter  (212,  II.  5),  in  pleasant  weather. 

Sei  feiner  Slrbett  (178,  II.  11),  in  his  work. 

Dfyrert  bet  ifynen  (153,  3),  ears  in  their  case  (with  them). 

2.  SRacfc, 

9to$  Petersburg  ge^ert  (270,  II.  I),  to  go  to1  5/.  Petersburg. 

©in  Sitlet  nacr>  Sonn  (212,  II.  4),  a  #*ak*  for  ^<ww. 

©men  (Stein  nacfy  ifynen  fyinaufmerfen  (141,  6),  to  throw  a 

stone  at  them. 
%*$  §aufe  gefyen  (186,  II.  16),  to  go  home. 
Wad)  ber  ©dmle  (186,  II.  12),  after  school. 
Wad)  metner  3fteimmg  (270,  II.  6),  according  to  my  opinion. 

3.  SBom 

3$  fyrect)e  oon  meinem  Dn!el  (49,  1),  I  speak  of  wy  uncle. 

@in  greunb  oon  mtr  (153,  16),  a  friend  of  /«/#*. 

%&)  fyabe  tljm  bon  metnem  Setter  erfyalten  (23,  I.  5),  /  have 

received  it  from  my  cousin. 
$)ret  ^Retlen  toon  ber  Stabt  (160,  II.  9),  three  miles  from  the 

city. 
Son2  ber  ©tarfe  be§  !Dlenf $en  (311),  about  /fo  strength  of 

man. 
@tn  ^alaft,  oon  bem  gatrften  erbaut  (276),  a  palace  built  by 

the  prince. 
Scr)  lenne  fie  won  Slnfefyen  (141,  16),  I  know  them  by  «££/. 


1  to  with  the  proper  name  of  a  *  More  commonly  u6ct  in  this 

place  is  natt).    See  page  207,  note  1.       sense. 


206  PREPOSITIONS. 


4.  3tu 

3u  §aufe  bletben  (178,  II.  9),  to  remain  at  home. 
£>er  ^alaft  gu  (Sbinburg  (235),  the  palace  at  Edinburgh. 
3$  gtng  gu  bem  23ergmamte  (299),  J  went  to  the  miner. 
(Sine  Ufyr  gum  ©efcfyenf  (112,  II,  10),  a  watch  as  a  present. 
gum  genfter    fyirtauS  fefyen  (141,  17),  to  look  out  at  the 

window. 
3u  ifyrem  grojjen  SXrger  (178,  II.  9),  to  their  great  vexation. 
@ier  gum  griifyftucf  fyaben  (153,  12),  to  have  eggs  for  breakfast. 
£>ir  ©lucf  gu  bemern  ©eburt3tage  mimftfjen  (174,  I.  14),  to 

congratulate  you  on  your  birthday. 
3u  renter  gett  lommen  (212,  II.  4),  to  come  at  the  right  time. 
(£tn  dauber  gu  $ferb  (283),  #  robber  on  horseback. 
gum  erften  9JMe  (290),  for  the  first  time. 

316.  The  following  nine  prepositions  are  used  with  the 
dative  and  the  accusative ;  with  the  dative,  when  place  or 
situation  is  denoted,  without  any  added  idea ;  with  the 
added  idea  of  motion  or  tende?icy  to  or  towards  a  place,  they 
are  used  with  the  accusative 1 : 

art,  at,  on,  close  to,  to.        neb  en,  near,  beside. 
auf,  on,  upon.  iiber,  over,  across,  concerning. 

fyittter,  behind.  unter,  under,  among. 

in,  in,  into,  to.  toor,  before,  ago,  because  of. 

gmtfd;en,  between. 

1.  9Cst. 

3>emanb  flopft  an  bte  ^fyiire,  some  one  knocks  at  the  door. 
2ln  ben  £ifd)  ftofjen  (295,  II.  6),  to  kick  against  the  table. 


1  This  difference  is  expressed  in  on  to.  The  distinctions  in  German 
English  only  to  a  limited  degree  are  much  more  subtle,  various,  and 
by  the  use  of  in  and  into,  on  and       frequent  than  in  English. 


PREPOSITIONS.  207 


£)a§  9ftau§Iein  nagie  an  bem  ©arne  (275),  M<?  little  mouse 

gnawed  at  M*  yarn. 
2ln  ben  §aaren  ergreifen  (261,  II.  1),  to  seize  by  the  hair. 
£)er  §unb  pacfte  ifyn  an  ber  $efyle  (265,  last  part),  the  dog 

seized  him  by  the  throat. 
2Bir  fyielten  un§  an  ber  $ette  (299,  first  part),  we  held  on  by 

the  chain. 
@r  fy&ngt  fein  Scimpdjen  an  bie  9Jiauer  (299,  last  part),  he 

hangs  his  lamp  against  the  wall. 
2tn  ber  <Spi£e  biefer  SBciume  (141,  3),  at  the  top  of  these  trees. 
2ln  ber  ©ee  (295,  II.  14),  on  (at)  the  sea-shore. 
@inen  SBrief  an  fie  fdj)reiben  (80,  I.  4),  to  write  a  letter  to  her. 
%n  ben  Ufem  bes  Seeing  (160,  II.  11),  on  the  banks  of  the 

Rhine. 
%n  bie  SBrucfe1  (bie  (Sifenbafyn)  gefyen,  to  go  to  M*  bridge 

(the  railway). 
2lm  9!ftorttag  2Ibenb  (23,  I.  3),  Monday  evening. 
Sin  2Betf)na$ten  (112,  II.  10),  at  Christmas. 
©egen  r)alb  fieben  am  Slbenb  (241),  towards  half  past  six  in 

/>fc  evening. 
(Srinnere  mid)  an  bag  arme  $inb  (200,  II.  22),  remind  me  of 

the  poor  child. 
2lm  armlid)ften  (199,  1),  most  poorly.     Compare  aufS  drm= 

Kd&fte  (199,  2). 

2.  5lttf* 

3$  fe|e  einen  9lahtn  auf  bem  SBaum  (48,  I.  1),  I  see  a  raven 

on  the  tree. 
©ie  llettern  auf  bie  SBaume  (141,  1),  they  climb  upon  the 

trees. 


1  To  go  to  a  person,  use  jtt;  to  a  ing.    If  to  means  into,  use  in :  tit  &t£ 

//#<:<?,  if  a  proper  name,  natfj;  to  a  StfjltlC,  ft  school ;  in  fotf  IHrrfjC,  ft 

place,  if  a  common  name,  Ott,  Qtlf,  church.     How  would  you  express 

ttt,  according  to  situation  and  mean-  to  the  theatre  ? 


208  PREPOSITIONS. 


®te  SBauern  graben  Soccer  auf  ben  gelbem  (153,  19),  the 

peasants  dig  holes  in  the  fields. 
3$  bin  auf  bem  Wlaxit  getoefen  (36,  I.  5),  /  have  been  in  the 

market. 
©ie  fd&icft  t^>re  9flagb  auf  ben  9flarft  (112,  IT.  17),  she  sends 

her  maid-servant  to  the  market. 
5luf  bem  2anb  roofynen,  to  live  in  the  country. 
2luf  ba§  2anb  gefyen  (163,  I.  7),  /<?£»  into  *//<?  country. 
2luf  ben  SBergen1  (160,  II.  12),  on  the  mountains. 
Sluf  bem  S3att  (178,  II.  8),  at  the  ball.    Compare  auf  bem 

.    3Jtorft. 
2luf  bem  §eimtoeg  (283),  on  the  way  home. 
2luf  einige  2Boa)en  (160,  II.  1),  tor  some  weeks. 
9JJid)  auf  meinen  ©tener  fcerlaffen  (174,  I.  12),  to  rely  on  my 

servant. 
Urn  bret  23iertel  auf  fiinf  (212,  II.  12),  at  a  quarter  to  five. 
2luf  etmnat,  at  once;  auf  3  armlia^fte,2  most  poorly. 

3.  fiber, 

@§  fyangt  iiber  ber  Sfyiir  (170,  II.  15),   it  hangs  oyer  the 

door. 
©in  &afe  lauft  iiber  ba§  gelb  (178,  II.  16),  a  harerwis  across 

the  field. 
©in  §unb  fd>mimmt  iiber  einen  glufj  (206),  a  dog  swims  across 

a  river. 
§eute  iiber  atyt  £age  (160,  IL  1),  a  week  from  to-day. 
tlber  fiebentfyalb  taufenb  (241),  more  than  six  thousand  five 

hundred. 
$)ie  ^tnber  waren  iiber  ba§  £ier  erfd&rocfen  (240),  the  children 

were  frightened  at  the  creature. 
©ia)  iiber  mi$  luftig  maa^en  (261,  II.  1),  to  make  fun  of  me. 


1  Compare   page    207,    on   J>en  a  Compare  page  207,  am  ainu 

Ufcrn.  lidjflen. 


PREPOSITIONS.  209 


4.  2Sor. 

3Sor  bem  §cw§  ftefyen  (289),  to  stand  before  the  house. 

©telle  bid)  Dor  bie  %^\\x, place yourself 'before  the  door. 

3Sor  acfyt  ^agen1  (160,  II.  8),  a  week  ago.     Compare  above, 

itber  acr)t  £age,  #  ze>^/£  hence. 
33or  meiner  Stbreife  (270,  II.  7),  before  wj  departure. 
£)er  Some  briiCCte  imr  9But  (275),  the  lion  roared  with  rage. 
©icf)  toor  il)m  retten  (311),  to  rescue  oneself  from  Aftfe 
3$  furcate  micfy  meber  fcor  ber  35unfelfyett  nod)  toor  ber  £iefe 

(299),  /##*  afraid  neither  of  M*  rtfor>£,  «0r  of  the  depth. 

5.  Uittcr. 

Unter  bem  §aufe  ift  ein  better  (155,  I.  5),  under  the  house 

there  is  a  cellar. 
£)aS  ©olb  mirb  unter  ber  @rbe  gegraben  (299),  gold  is  buried 

under  the  earth. 
3d)  mill  unter  bie  @rbe  ftetgen  (299),  I  want  to  descend  under 

the  earth. 
Unter  anberen  fyaben  mir  ^rauben  (160,  II.  10),  among  other 

things  we  have  bunches  of  grapes. 

317.    The  following  prepositions  govern  the  genitive  : 

anftatt  or  ftatt,  instead  of.  laut,  according  to. 

biesfeit,  on  this  side.  mittelft,  toermittelft,  £y means of 

jenfeit,  on  that  side.  tro£,  in  spite  of  (318.) 
fyalben  or  fyalber,  on  account  of.    urn  —  mitten,  on  account  of. 

aufjerfyalb,  on  the  outside. .  unfern,  unmeit,  not  far  from. 

innerfyalb,  within.  ungeacfytet,  notwithstanding. 

oberfyalb,  above.  fcermoge,  by  dint  of. 

unterfyalb,  below.  mafyrenb,  during. 

fraft,  in  virtue  of.  megen,  on  account  of. 

langS,  entlang,  along  (318.)  gufolge,  according  to  (318.) 

1  S5ot  always  takes  the  dative  when  referring  to  time. 


210  PREPOSITIONS. 


318.  Of  the  above  prepositions,  lattgg,  tfO#,  and  jufolge  govern  the 
dative,  as  well  as  the  genitive,  ^ttlbctl  or  tjOl&cr  follows  its  noun.  Uttt 
—  UltUcit  takes  its  noun  between  its  two  parts.  SScgCIt  may  precede  or 
follow  its  noun,  but  follows  and  is  compounded  with  personal  pronouns. 
See  page  96,  note  7. 

319.  ^Cufaafce. 

I.  1.  Notwithstanding  the  uncomfortable  carriage,  we  made 
an  excursion  into  the  country.  2.  On  account  of  the  change- 
able weather,  we  did  not  make  an '  excursion.  3.  On  my 
brother's  account  we  arranged  an  excursion  into  the  town 
yesterday.  4.  You  need  not2  arrange  an  excursion  on  my 
account.  5.  During  our  drive  into  the  country,  we  were 
sitting  in  a  very  comfortable  carriage,  but  on 3  our  return  we 
were  put 4  into  a  very  uncomfortable  one.  6.  Get 5  into  this 
carriage  ;  it  is  more  comfortable  than  the  other.  7.  Did  you 
arrange  this  excursion  on  his  or  on  her  account  ?  8.  Neither 
on  his,  nor  on  her  account,  but  on  account  of  our  young 
friend  who  likes  to  spend6  a  day  in  the  country.  9.  How 
could  you  take  a  drive  during  this  changeable  weather  ? 
10.  We  took  a  drive  in  an  open  carriage  yesterday  and  came 
home  during  a  violent  rain  wet  through '  notwithstanding  our 
umbrellas.  11.  During  our  stay  in  the  country,  we  had  the 
finest  weather,  but  on  our  return  it  began  to  rain.  12.  During 
our  drive  into  the  country  I  sat  between 8  my  uncle  and  aunt ; 
but  on  our  return  I  seated  myself  between 8  her  cousin  and 
my  sister,  as  I  had  to  communicate  something  new  to  them. 

II.  1.  Subtotg,  toet&t  bu  fcfyon,  bag  to;  geftern  etnen  ©trageru 
jungen  in  tmferm  ©arten  burcfygeprugelt  fyahz*  2.  ©o,  toarum 
benn?    3.  3$  fyatte  mid)  in  bie  Saube  gefe^t  unb  Ia3  m  cincm 


1  Say,  made  no.  5  Use  ftd)  fefeeit. 

2  braut&en  fcinctt.  8  Use  jubnngcn. 
»  bei.    Cf.  bet  ft&bnem  SBettcr.  7  gonj  tmrdjnafet 

4  UntrDcn  —  gef cljt.  8  Dative  or  accusative  ? 


PREPOSITIONS.  211 

SBua;.  4.  2)a  tyorte  id;  nmfyrenb  be§  £efen§  em  ©eraufd)  auf  bem 
SBirnbaum,  ber  an  ber  SRauer  innerfyalb  be3  ©attend  ftefyt. 
5.  $$  Me  fyinauf  unb  erblide  einen  $naben  gtDtfc^en  ben  Sften, 
ber  gerabe  bamit1  befd)aftigt  ift,  bie  @ier  au§  einem  23ogelneft 
fyerau^unefymen.  6.  3d;  rufe  ifym  gu,  er  fotte  fie  toieber  I;inein= 
legen  unb  augenblidlid)  fyerunterfommen.  7.  £)a  er  fia;  entbedt 
fiefyt,  miff  er  ^roar  bie  @ier  toiebet  fcbneK  in  ba§  9?eft  tegen,  aEein 
in  ber  SSertoirrung  Itiftt  er  gioet  babon  fyerunterf  alien,  bie  natiirlia; 
gerbredjen.  8.  @r  flettert  nun  oon  bem  SBaum  fyerab  unb  mill 
eiligft  babonlaufen.  9.  3$  ergreife  tr)n  aber  fdmett  am  $ragen 
unb  pritgle  ifyn  mit  einem  ©tod  tiidjtig  bura;,  toorauf  er  toeinenb 
unb  fct)reienb  iiber  bie  ©artenmauer,  bie  er  oermittelft  einer  Seiter 
erfttegen  fyatte,  fid;  fortmadfyt.  10.  3d;  ^ann  R*($t  begreifen,  ioie 
er  ba§  3^eftd;en  entbeden  fonnte.  11.  @3  ift  gerabe  §ft>if  d;en  gtoei 
Sfte  fyineingebaut,  unb  fyat  won  aufjen  bie  garbe  ber  9fanbe  unb 
be§  5Roofe§,  ba§  auf  ben  S3dumen  toda^ft,  fo  baft  e§  fet)r  farmer 
ift,  ein  fold>e§  -ifteft  gu  bemerlen.  12.  2Benn  bie  $naben,  toeldie 
ben  3Sdgeld)en  nadjfteften  ober  beren  ©er  au$  ben  9?eftem  nefymen, 
mii^ten,  ftn'e  toiet  ©a;aben  fie  baburd;  oerurfadrten,  fo  toiirben  fie 
mofyl  baoon  abftefyen.  13.  ©in  em§ige§  $aar  unferer  ©ingobgel 
ber^efyrt  mit  feinen  3ungen  mdfyrenb  be§  ©ommer§  toiele  Xaufenbe 
bon  fa;dbltd;en  3nfe^en/  befonber3  gefrdfcige  9<taupen  unb 
^aupeneier,  unb  erfydlt  un§  auf  biefe  SBeife  gar  biele  Spfel, 
SBirnen,  $irfa;en,  ©tadjelbeeren  u.  f.  to.  (unb  fo  ioeiter). 

320.  Stufgabe. 

[Read  aloud  the  following  sentences,  putting  the  article  and  noun  or  pro- 
noun after  the  preposition  in  the  proper  case.] 

1.  2luf  b*. .  Sdumen  fyangen  reife  $irfcf)en.  £)er  $nabe 
fletterte  auf  ein  O^berf elben  unb  feijte  fia;  gtoifdjen  b  . .  Sfte,  urn 
bie  $irfd;en  $u  pfliiden  unb  in  b  . .  £afa;e  §u  fteden. 

2.  ©er  arme  Sunge  flagte,  bag  er  urn  fein . .  SBruber .  widen 
beftraft  toorben  f ei ;  benn  ber  f ei  in  b . .  ©arten  gegangen  unb  fyahz 

1  The  Jitt  of  itamit  anticipates  the  following  clause.     See  page  174,  note  7. 


212  PREPOSITIONS. 

bie  Stofel  auf  b . .  33aum  getoflutft  unb  in  b . .  £afa;e  fortgetragen, 
md)t  er. 

3.  ©er  $ater  fanb  ben  ©cfyluffel  in  b . .  £fyiir  ftecfen,  unb  bo$ 
befyaufctete  ber  ©ofyn,  er  fyabe  benfelben  abge^ogen  unb  in  b . . 
Xafd>e  geftecft. 

4.  ©er  ©tubl  ftanb  fcor  i  <fy ;  aber  al8  id)  mid)  feijen  tooUte, 
fteUte  i$  ifyn  Winter  i  a). 

5.  ©er  SSater  lag  un§  au§  ein . .  33uct)  tttoaZ  iiber  b . . 
Snfecten  tier ;  meine  ©cr)it>efter  fafc  bor  e  r,  aber  aU  er  $u  @nbe 
war,  fettfe  fie  fi$  neben  e  r. 

6.  Slufjer  b  . .  Item . .  S^eobor  ift  geftern  Slbenb  niemanb  bon 
n)ir  in  b..  Sweater  geroefen;  ntorgen.  werbe  xtf)  anftatt  mem., 
©a^mefter  in  b  . .  Concert  gefyen. 

7.  2tuf  b . .  gafyrt  naa)  @.  bemerlten  mir,  roa3  fur  ©d^aben 
ber  SSinb  in  b . .  2BaIb  bie3feit  unb  jenfeit  b . .  33ad) . .  tiers 
urfacfyt  fyatte. 

8.  3$  traf  aufserfyalb  b . .  ©orf . .  mit  e  r  jufammen ;  er 
fyatte  fia)  unter  ein . .  23aum  geftetft,  urn  \\a)  gegen  b . .  S^egen  gu 
fa;ui$en. 

9.  ©er  ®nabe  raiirbe  mafyrenb  fein . .  Slufentfyalt .  in  ©eutfa> 
lanb  beffer  ftored)en  gelernt  fyaben,  menu  er  mefyr  ben  Umgang  mit 
b . .  beutfd)en  RnaUn,  raekfye  in  b  . .  ^nftitut  maren,  gefutfjt  fyatte. 

10.  ©buarb  fajrieb  an  feine  ©Item,  bafj  er  an  b  e  r  toorig . . 
©ienStag  auf  ein . .  SBalt   eingetaben  worben  fet,   aber  fein . . 

•  Unroofylfein .  megen  bie  ©inlabung  nia;t  fyabe  annefymen  fomten. 

321.  Stufgafce. 

1.  I  see  my  picture-book  lies  under  the  table;  I  wonder1 
who  has  put  it  there2.  2.  John  put  it  on  the  table  a  little 
while  ago,  but  probably  it  fell  under  it 3  when  the  table  was 
moved.  3.  The  picture  hung  formerly  on 4  this  wall,  but  the 
light  not  being  good5,    it  was  put6  on  that.     4.  The  chair 

1  id)  mbd)te  toiffen.  4  Use  ttlt,  but  with  what  case? 

2  Is  t)a  or  fottfjtn  the  word?  5  Say,  as  the  light,  etc. 

3  under  it,  Jjiltunter.  6  Use  l)dttflen.  See  p.  279,  n.  3. 


PREPOSITIONS.  213 


stands  before  the  stove ;  I  fear  it  will  be  spoiled ;  I  should 
like  to  know  who  has  placed  it  there.1  5.  Don't  be  angry, 
dear  mamma,  I  placed  it  before  the  stove  and  sat  on  it,  as  I 
was  very  cold  2  when  I  came  in.  6.  Little  Caroline3  is  sitting 
in  the  chair;  please,  put4  her  on  the  sofa.  7.  My  overcoat 
has  been  hanging  on  this  nail,  somebody  put5  it  on  that,  and 
who  has  put6  my  waistcoat  on  the  bed  and  my  slippers  under 
the  chest  of  drawers  ?  8.  One  of  your  hats  is  hanging  on 
the  peg,  the  other  I  have  put  in  the  clothes-press.  9.  Your 
boots  stand  under  the  wash-stand,  I  have  put 7  them  there 
myself.  10.  Your  books  lie  on  the  table,  mine  I  have  put7 
into  the  book-case.  11.  Where  is  your  ball,  Henry?  I  think 
it  is  in  my  pocket ;  at  any  rate  it  was  in  it  yesterday,  for  I 
put8  it  in9  myself.  12.  This  nail  has  stuck  in  the  wall;  I 
have  pulled  it  out.10  13.  Poor  Mr.  R.  has  been  in  debt,  but 
his  faithful  friend  Mr.  S.  has  given11  him  a  helping  hand. 
14.  Are  the  potatoes  already  planted  ?  15.  One  part  of  them 
was  planted  on  Wednesday,  and  the  other  is  being  planted 
to-day.  16.  I  am  afraid  the  inkstand  will  be  upset,  if  you 
leave12  your  pen  in  it.  17.  Put  your  knife  up,13  else  I  must 
take  it  away;  it  distracts  your  attention.  18.  Do  not  leave14 
the  key  in  the  lock ;  if  you  do,  thieves  will  have  easy  work  to 
get 15  into  the  room. 


1  See  page  212,  note  2.  9  fjmettt.     See  169. 

2  ba  c$  mid)  fror.  10  i}erau$3tel)cn. 

8  See  page  51,  note  4.  »  reufoett  or  letflen. 

*  That  is,  set,  fefcetl.  12  flctfctt  lttffcit. 

5  That  is,  hung,  jjaitfltc  K  CttljiClfcn. 

6  That  is,  laid.  14  See  note  12. 

7  Use  fiction.  15  Say,  it  will  become  easy  to  the 

8  Use  ftcrfcn.     See  p.  283,  n.  2.       thieves  to  come. 


214 


READING    LESSON. 


322.      gwelei* 

[To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 

3d)  roein  nicftt,  ttm§  foil  eS  bebeuten,1 

2)aft  idj  fo  traurig  bin ; 
(Sin  9ftard)en  au§  often  3eitenr 

2)a§  fommt  mir  nicftt  aus  bent 
©inn. 

2)ie  ?aft  ift  fiihl  unb  e«  bunfelt, 
llnb  ml)iff  fticfst  ber  9i()ein ; 

S)er  ©ipfel  bcS  93crgc8  funfelt 
3m  9lbenbfonnenjd)cin. 

3)ie  fcbonfte  3ungfrau  ft£et 

S)ort  oben  hninbevbar, 
3&r  golb'neS  ©efcbmeibe  bU^et, 

©ie  !dmmt  il)r  golbeneS  £>aar. 

©ie  fammt  e§  mit  golbenem  lamme, 
Unb  ftngt  ein  ?ieb  babei; 

3)a§  hat  eine  rounbcrfame, 
©eroaltige  2Mobet. 

2)en  ©differ  im  Keinen  @d)iffe 
Grgreift  '8*  mit  miibem  SBeb; 

(Sr  jdjant  nid)t  bie  ^clfenrtffe ; 
(Sr  fdjaut  nur  hinauf  in  bie  §oh\ 

3d)  gtaube,  bie  SBellen  oerfdjlingen 
91m  (Snbe  ©chiffer  unb  $afjn ; 

Unb  bag  f)at  mit  ibrem  ©ingen 
2>ie  Lorelei  getban. 

£etne. 


323.        Lorelei. 

[To  be  carefully  compared  with  the  origi 
nal  and  committed  to  memory.] 

I  know  not  whence  it  rises,3 
This  thought  so  full  of  woe,4 

But  a  tale  of  times  departed 
Haunts  me,  and  will  not  go. 

The  air  is  cool,  and  it  darkens, 
And  calmly  flows  the  Rhine ; 

The  mountain-peaks  are  sparkling 
In  the  sunny  evening-shine. 

And  yonder  sits  a  maiden, — 

The  fairest  of  the  fair; 
With  gold  is  her  garment  glittering^ 

And  she  combs  her  golden  hair. 

With  a  golden  comb  she  combs  it, 
And  a  wild5  song  singeth  she, 

That  melts  the  heart  with  a  won 
drous 
And  powerful  melody. 

The  boatman  feels  his  bosom 
With  a  nameless  longing  move 

He  sees  not  the  gulf  before  him,— 
His  gaze  is  fixed  above. 

I  believe,  over  boat  and  boatman 
In  the  end,  the  billows  run ; 

And  'tis  this  that  with  her  singing 
By  the  Lorelei  was  done. 

A  nonymous. 


1  Would  the  order  in  this  clause 
be  different  in  prose  ? 

2  Does  not  refer  to  £teb.  Trans- 
late, the  boatman  is  seized.  Compare 
C0  tttiht  mid),  205,  and  note  4 


3  Why  would  not  what  it  mean* 
eth  be  a  preferable  rendering? 

4  Does  woe  well  express  trourijy 
6  Not  quite  satisfactory.     Tl 

song  is  weird  rather  than  "wild.' 


ORDER  OF  WORDS  I    CONJUNCTIONS.  215 

I 

Wdjt  ititb  jtuanjigfte  Sefttan. 

324.  ORDER  OF  WORDS:   CONJUNCTIONS. 

$tefer  #err  too^nt  in  unfetet  9taiparfd)aft  mill  ttitt  fcnncit 
tljn  frljon  (attfle  Sett  nun  VHitfcljcn ;  ornnorf)  ljuucn  uur  nod) 
feinc  ©elegenijeit  geljalit  mit  Hjm  311  fyredjen,  luitrtien  un§  abcr 
fe^r  frenen,  fetne  naljerc  S3elamttf^aft  311  marijen,  ba  Uiir  Hiel 
©wte§  Han  ifjm  fldjiirt  jtiett; 

This  gentleman  lives  in  our  neighborhood,  and  we  have 
known  him  by  sight  a  long  time ;  still  we  have  had  no  op- 
portunity yet  to  speak  to  him,  but  should  be  happy  to  make 
his  closer  acquaintance,  as  we  have  heard  much  good  of 
him. 

325.  Nearly  all  rules  for  the  order  of  words  that  are  necessary  foi 
writing  German  have  been  given  as  they  were  needed,  in  observations  on 
the  model  sentences  and  in  notes  to  the  exercises.  The  following 
resume  is  given  to  present  the  subject  in  connected  form,  and  for  con- 
venient reference. 

Grammarians  distinguish  and  designate  three  orders : 

a.  The  Normal  Order. 

b.  The  Inverted  Order. 

c.  The  Transposed  Order. 

326.  NORMAL  ORDER. 

In  the  normal  order  the  subject,  with  or  without  adjuncts, 
comes  first  and  the  predicate  follows,  as  in  English.1 

1  That  is,  in  a  declarative  sen-  may  begin  a  sentence  without  affect- 
tence,  which  is  taken  as  the  stan-  ing  the  order  of  subject  and  predi* 
dard.     On  the  conjunctions  that        cate,  see  page  11,  note  4,  b. 


216  ORDER  OF  WORDS  :    CONJUNCTIONS. 

1.  a.  A  separable  prefix  is  removed  to  the  end  of  the  clause,  if  the 
clause  is  a  principal  one,  and  if,  at  the  same  time,  the  tense  of  the  verb 
is  uncompounded,  that  is,  is  present  or  imperfect : 

3$  tnacfye  ba§  genfter  gu,  I  shut  the  window. 

@r  gtng  geftern  nicfyt  <xv&,  he  did  not  go  out  yesterday. 

b.  But  the  prefix  is  not  usually  placed  after  an  infinitive  with  jtt,  but 
preferably  precedes  such  an  infinitive  with  its  modifiers,  if  it  has  any: 

§bre  nun  cmf  gu  ftofeen,  stop  pushing. 

©3  fing  an  fefyr  fyefttg  gu  regnen,  it  began  to  rain  very  hard. 

2.  The  participle  and  infinitive  are  always  preceded  by  their  modifiers, 
and  hence,  in  compound  tenses,  stand  at  the  end  of  the  sentence : 

£)er  Sruber  fyat  cinen  SRing  fcerloren,  the  brother  has  lost  a 

ring. 
9Jlein  ^Reffe  totrb  ben  langen  SBrief  beanttoorten,  my  nephew 

will  answer  the  long  letter. 

3.  a.  An  infinitive  dependent  upon  a  compound  tense  precedes  the 
participle 1 : 

@r  fyat  tljnen  etne  Slufgabe  gu  lernen  gegeben,  he  has  given 
them  a  lesson  to  study. 

b.  But  if  the  infinitive  is  preceded  by  ju  and  has  an  object,  or  other 
modifiers,  it,  with  its  adjuncts,  preferably  follows  the  participle  : 

%$)  fyaht  ba§  SSergniigen  gefyabt,  ©ie  gu  fefyen,  I  have  had  the 

pleasure  of  seeing  you. 
@§  fyat  angefangen,  fefyr  fyeftig  %\x  regnen,  it. has  begun  to  rain 

very  violently. 

4.  A  personal  pronoun,  whether  the  direct  or  indirect  object  of  a  verb 
(ace.  or  dat.),  takes  the  third  place  in  the  sentence,  that  is,  immediately 
follows  the  simple  predicate  or  auxiliary : 

2)er  6$netber  fyat  mir  einen  died  gemacfyt,  the  tailor  has  made 
a  coat  for  me. 

1  But  in  the  formation  of  the  precedes :  flelobt  fjabcit,  to  have 
compound  infinitive  the  participle       praised ;  pliobt  tDOrtieit  fctll. 


ORDER  OF  WORDS  :    CONJUNCTIONS.  217 

5.  If  there  are  two  personal  pronouns,  one  a  direct,  the  other  an  indirect 
object,  the  shorter  one  precedes;  if  both  are  monosyllabic,  the  accusative 
precedes  the  dative * : 

Seigen  ©ie  e§  ifynen,  show  it  to  them. 

%&l  fyahe  e§  ifym  ge^etgt,  I  have  shown  it  to  him. 

6.  Of  two  objects,  the  one  of  a  person,  the  other  of  a  thing,  the  per- 
sonal object  precedes : 

3Jletn  better  §at  femem  Jreunb  einen  §unb  gegeben,  my  cousin 
has  given  his  friejid  a  dog. 

7.  Adverbs  and  adverbial  expressions  of  time  usually  take  the  third 
place  in  the  sentence,  if  it  is  not  occupied  by  a  personal  pronoun  without 

a  preposition : 

$)er  SBruber  fyat  tyutt  etnen  S^ing  berlorert,  the  brother  has  lost 
a  ring  to-day. 

8.  The  negative  Jittfjt  is  placed  before  the  particular  member  of  the 
sentence  which  it  modifies,  like  the  Latin  non : 

2)er  -Jftarm  ift  tticfyt  511  §aufe,  the  man  is  not  at  home. 
3d)  fyahz  tfyrt  geftem,  nicfyt  tyeute  gefefyen,  I  saw  him  yesterday, 
not  to-day. 

9.  But  if  tliiJjt  negatives  an  assertion  generally,  it  is  placed  at  the  end 
or  near  the  end  of  the  sentence : 

3$  fefye  ben  Wlann  nid)t,  I  do  not  see  the  man. 
3$  fyabe  ben  5Rann  feit  einer  2Boc^e  nicftt  gefefyen,  I  have  not 
seen  the  man  for  a  week. 

327.  INVERTED  ORDER. 

The  essential  characteristic  of  the  inverted  order  is  that 
the  subject  follows  the  verb  instead  of  preceding  it,  as  in 
the  normal  order. 

1  But  mit  and  l)ir  may  precede  other  pronoun.  186,  II.  1;  170, 
or    follow   the   accusative   of  an-        II.  7. 


218  ORDER  OF  WORDS  :    CONJUNCTIONS. 

1.  If,  for  emphasis,  or  for  other  reasons,  a  sentence  begins  with  some 
other  word  than  the  subject,  then  the  subject  follows  the  verb : l 

©eftern  fyabe  icr)  meinert  23ruber  nicfyt  gefefyen,  yesterday  I  did 
not  see  my  brother. 

Note.  —  But,  as  already  observed,  the  general  connectives  Ultfc,  OtlCt, 
bcnit,  ttkr,  ttflein,and  fonlicm  do  not  cause  inversion. 

2.  In  the  inverted  order,  the  subject  almost  always  immediately 
follows  the  verb ;  but  if  a  personal  pronoun  is  the  object  of  the  verb,  it 
has  the  effect  of  removing  the  subject,  unless  it  also  is  a  personal  pro- 
noun, to  the  next  place : 

§alte  beinen  ©omtenfcfyirm  feft,  fonft  Waft  ifyn  ber  SBinb  fort, 
hold  your  sunshade  firmly,  or  the  wind  will  blow  it  away. 
§alte  betnert  ©onnenfd&irm  feft,  fonft  nefyme  icb,  ifyn  roeg. 

3.  If  a  dependent  clause  precedes  a  principal  one,  it  causes  an  in- 
version of  order  in  the  latter.  That  is,  the  dependent  clause  occupies 
the  normal  place  of  the  subject : 

$&enn  bie  ©onne  fc^etnt,  mufjt  bu  beinen  Sonnenfc^irm  mxU 
ne^men,  when  the  sun  shines,  you  must  take  along  your 
sunshade. 

4.  A  dependent  clause  is  often  inverted  to  show  that  it  is  conditional : 

2Btire  meine  Slufgabe  fo  nacfylaffig  gefd)rieben,  rote  bie  beinige, 
fo  miijste  tc£>  fie  no$  einmal  abfd;retBen,  if  my  exercise 
were  as  carelessly  written  as  yours,  I  should  be  obliged 
to  write  it  off  again. 

Note.  —  It  should  be  observed  that  the  normal  and  the  inverted 
order,  with  the  exception  stated  in  4  above,  belong  only  to  principal 
sentences  or  clauses. 


1  But    in   an   exclamatory   sen-       See  112,  II.  6;  116,  12  with  note, 
tence  the  rule  may  be  disregarded.       and  153,  2. 


ORDER  OF  WORDS  :    CONJUNCTIONS.  219 

328.  TRANSPOSED  ORDER. 

The  transposed  order  differs  from  the  normal  order  only 
in  removing  the  verb,  or,  in  the  case  of  a  compound  tense, 
the  auxiliary,  to  the  end  of  the  clause.  This  transposition 
belongs,  for  the  most  part,  to  dependent  clauses. 

Sflein  greunb  toirb  morgen  gu  Sfynen  fommen,  toerm  eg  ma)t  $u 

fturtbig  ift. 
3$  fyabe  felbft  gefefyen,  baft  ber  SSinb  ifym  ben  $ut  fcon  bem 

$opf  gebtafen  fyat. 

1.  If,  in  a  dependent  clause,  an  auxiliary  (fja&eit,  fcttt,  U)Crt>Clt)  occurs 
with  two  infinitives,  the  auxiliary  is  not  removed  to  the  end  of  the  clause, 
but  immediately  precedes  the  infinitives  : 

2)er  2Sirtb  blaft  rnemert  §ut  fo  fcfyneK  fort,  baft  id)  ir;n  faum 
toerbe  fcmgen  lonnen. 

2.  A  dependent  clause  may  stand  to  its  principal  clause  in  the  rela- 
tion of  — 

a.  A  substantive.     Then  the  clause  is  called  a  substantive  clause. 

b.  An  adjective.     Then  the  clause  is  called  an  adjective  clause. 

c.  An  adverb.     Then  the  clause  is  called  an  adverbial  clause. 

3.  A  substantive  clause  is  introduced  by  fca§,  that;  by  interrogative 
words,  focr,  tilttS,  focldjcr,  tete,  tUttltn,  t»0,  etc.,  beginning  an  indirect 
question ;  or  by  these  latter  used  as  indefinite  relatives. 

4.  An  adjective  clause  is  introduced  by  a  relative  pronoun. 

5.  An  adverbial  clause  is  introduced  by  a  subordinating  conjunction. 

329.  The  principal  subordinating  conjunctions  are  the 
following : 

aU,  when,  as.  falls,  tooferrt,  in  case  that. 

auf  baft,  in  order  that.  mbern,  as,  while. 

Bi§,  till  je  —  befto,  the  —  the. 

ba,  as,  since.  natt)bem,  after. 

baft,  that,  in  order  that.  ob,  whether,  if. 

bamtt,  in  order  that.  obglettf),  obfcbon,  although. 

etye,  beoor,  before.  obtoofyl,  although. 


220  ORDER  OF  WORDS  I    CONJUNCTIONS. 

feit,  fetibem,  since.  toenn,  if  7vhen. 

fo  oft  al§,  whenever.  toenn — aucfy,  although. 

um  ba£,  /«  tfrdfer  //to.  ft)eil,  because. 

ungead^tet,  notwithstanding.  tote,  #.$•,  ///£<?,  /foze/. 

toafyrenb,  a/^/7<?.  toeSfyalb,  toeStoegen,  wherefore. 

ftmrm,  ze^«.  too,  where. 

330.  Slttfaa&e. 

I.  1.  This  gentleman  lives  in  our  neighborhood,  but  we 
know  him  only  by  sight.  2.  Although  this  gentleman  lives 
in  our  neighborhood,  yet  we  know  him1  only  by  sight.  3. 
Although  we  have  known  this  gentleman  by  sight  a  long 
time,  we  have  never  yet2  had  an  opportunity  to  speak  to 
him.  4.  This  gentleman  has  been  living  in  our  neighbor- 
hood a  long  time,  nevertheless  we  know  him  only  by  sight. 
5.  We  have  known 3  this  gentleman  by  sight  a  long  time,  and 
should  be  glad4  to  make  his  closer  acquaintance.  6.  As  we 
have  heard  much  good  of  this  gentleman,  we  should  be  glad 
to  make  his  closer  acquaintance.  7.  As  this  gentleman  lives 
in  our  neighborhood  and  we  have  known  him  by  sight  a  long 
time,  we  should  be  glad,  if  we  had  an  opportunity  of  speaking 
to  him.5  8.  Notwithstanding  this  lady  has  been  living3  in 
our  neighborhood  for  a  long  time,  still  we  have  not  yet  had 
an 6  opportunity  of  making 7  her  acquaintance.  9.  We  should 
be  happy,  if  we  had  an  opportunity  of  making  the  acquaint- 
ance of  these  two  gentlemen,  as  they  live  in  our  neighbor- 
hood and  we  have  heard  much  good  of  them.  10.  I  had 
known  this  lady  a  long  time  by  sight,  before  I  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  speaking  to  her.  11.  I  have,  indeed,  known  them 
by  sight,  but  I  have  never  spoken  to  them.  12.  If  we  had 
not  heard 8  much  good  of  these  gentlemen,  we  should  not 
have  been  glad  to  make  their  personal  acquaintance. 

1  f0  fenneit  tOir  tljlt  00$.  *  Say,  to  speak  with  him. 

2  never  yet,  ItOtf)  tilt-  6  not  yet  —  an,  nod)  fciltC- 

3  Is  this  to  be  translated  by  the  7  For  the  order,  see  326,  3,  b. 
perfect  ?               «  Use  UltS  frCUCtt.  8  See  259,  2. 


READING   LESSON.  221 


II.  1.  3$  gab  ifym  bag  ©elb  in  bie  §anb;  bennocfy  (beffen= 
\m$ta<fytzt,  gleidjtoofyl)  btyauptit  er,  e§  nicfyt  empfangen  $u  fyaben 
(bag  er  e£  nid)t  empfangen  ^a6e).  2.  3$  3a&  t^m  ba§  ©elb  in 
bie  §anb,  aber  er  hzfyawptit  ni$t§beftoft>eniger,  e§  ni$t  empfangen 
^u  ^aben.  3.  Dbgleia)  xa)  x\)m  bag  (Mb  in  bie  §anb  gab,  be= 
fyauptet  er  boa;,  bag  er  e§  nicfjt  empfangen  i)ahz.  4.  @r  i)at  gtoar 
oiele  SBucfyer,  aHein  feme  $enntniffe  finb  fefyr  gering,  toeil  er  lieber 
fyielt  unb  fpa^ieren  gefyt,  al§>  fiubiert.  5.  2£eit  er  lieber  fyielt 
unb  fpa^ieren  ge^t  aU  ftubiert,  fo  finb  feine  ^enntniffe  fet)r  gering, 
obfdjon  er  oiele  23ua)er  t)at.  6.  2Benn  er  and)  oiele  33itd)er  I)at, 
fo  finb  feine  $enntniffe  boa)  gering,  roeil  er  lieber  fpielt  unb 
fyajieren  gel)t,  al§  ftubiert.  7.  $)ie  SKalber  in  jener  ©egenb  finb 
5toar  grog,  allein  man  finbet  nitf)t  oiele  §afen,  9f?efye  ober  §irfa;e 
barin.  8.  $aum  fyatte  er  ba§  $ferb  beftiegen,  aU  e3  fia)  baumte 
unb  ifyn  fyerunter  roarf,  fo  bag  er  ein  23ein  hxad).  9.  ©obalb  er 
ba§  $ferb  beftiegen  $atH,  baumte  e3  ftd)  unb  toarf  if>n  fyerunter, 
fo  bag  er  ein  SBein  brad).  10.  ge  mefyr  man  ioeig,  befto  mefyr 
fiefyt  man  ein,  bag  man  wemg  toeig.  11.  £)er  §unb  iourbe  erft1 
an  eine  $ette  gelegt,  naa^bem  er  mir  unb  feinem  §errn  bie  §ofen 
^erriffen  batte.  12.  @rft  nadfybem  ber  §unb  mir  fotoofyl,  al£  ana) 
feinem  §errn  bie  §ofen  ^erriffen  i)aitz,  ttmrbe  er  an  eine  &tttt  ge= 
legt.  13.  §ore  auf  mit  bem  ©riffel  gu  fpielen2  unb  ftecfe  ifyn  in 
bie  £afcfye,  fonft  toerbe  ia)  ibn  toegnefymen.  14.  2Benn  bu  nia^t 
auffyorft  mit  bem  ©riffel  §u  fpielen  unb  \t)n  nia;t  in  bie  £afd)e 
ftetfft,  toerbe  id)  ii)n  megnefymen. 


331.  Da*  ^frixvtotv. 

@ine§  £age§  im  Senge  fag  ©alomo  ber  Singling  unter  ben 
^Satmen  in  ben  ©arten  feine§  SSaterg,  be§  $onig§,  unb  fa^auete 
oor  fid)  nieber  in  tiefen  ©ebanfen.  2)a  trat  9Jatfyan,  fein  2el)rer, 
&u  ifym  unb  fpraa)  :  2Ba§  finneft  bu  fo  ernft  unter  ben  ^almen  ? 

1  Wfi  —  na^l)Cm,  not — till  after.        *  On  the  order,  see  326,  1,  b. 


222  READING   LESSON. 


©er  gimgling  erfyob  fcin  §aupt  unb  antioortete :  9tatfyan,  id) 
modjte  gem  em  SBunber  fefyen ! 

£>er  Sproptyet  Id^elte  unb  f^racf) :  (Sin  2Bunfa),  ben  ia;  aud) 
in  meinen  3ungling3jal)ren  fyatti.  — 

Unb  ioarb1  er  bir  getoafyrt?  fragte  eilenb§  ber  $onig§fofyn. 

@in  9ttann  ©otte§,  fufyr  9^atf)an  fort,2  trat  ^u  mir  unb  tvug 
einen  ©ranatfem  in  feiner  §anb.  ©iefye,  fpraa;  er,  toa§  au3 
biefem  $em  toerben3  toirb !  SDarauf  mad)te  er  mit  feinem  ginger 
eine  Dffnung  in  bie  (Srbe/  unb  Iegte  ben  $ern  fymein,  unb  be= 
becfte  ifyn.  2H3  er  nun  bie  §anb  gurucfpg,  ba  fyob  fia)  bie 
©doolie  toon  einanber,6  unb  id)  fafy  git>ei  23lattlein  fyeroorfommen. 
—  2lber  laum  fyattz  id^>  fie  gefefyen,  ha6  fd)loffen  fid^>  bie  SBlattlein 
an  einanber,  unb  e§  toarb 7  ein  runber  ©tamm,  in  eine  Sftinbe  ge= 
toitfelt,  unb  ber  ©tamm  toarb  $ufefyenb§  Ijofyer  unb  bicker. 

3)arauf  fpraa)  ber  9Jtann  ©otte§  $u  mir:  ©ieb  Sidjt!  Unb 
inbem  id;  aufmerfte,  oerbreiteten  fid)  fieben  Stfte  au§  bem  ©tamm, 
gleid)nne  bie  fieben  Slrme  an  bem  £eud)ter  be§  3lltar3. 

ga)  erftaunte,  aber  ber  9ftann  ©otte§  finite,  unb  gebot  mir 
gu  fct)Vueigen  unb  aufjumerfen.  ©iel)e,  fpraa)  er,  balb  toerben 
neue  ©a;dpfungen  beginnen !  — 

£)arauf  fafete  er  2Baffer  in  feine  r)ot)te  §anb  au§  bem  23dd)lein, 
ba§  ooriiber  flog,  unb  befprengte  breimal  bie  Sfte,  unb  ftefye,  nun 
fyingen  bie  Sfte  aflefammt  ooE  griinenber  flatter,  alfo  bag8  ein 
fuller  ©fatten  \m§>  umgab,  bermifa;t  mit  lieblia^en  2)uften.  2Bo= 
fyer,  rief  id),  biefe  9Sofylgerud;e  ju  bem  erquicflid)en  ©fatten  ?  — 


1  On  this  form,  see  p.  158,  note.  ed  itself  from  one  another ;  i.  e.  rose 

2  fufjt  —  fort,   from   fortfttljren.  and  opened. 

3  OU0 — foerocn,  become  out  of;  6  Translate  when,  and  compare 
here,  grow  from.  fo   after  fattm  below.      But  what 

4  in  V\t  ©roe,  literally  into  the  shows  that  DO  is  not  here  a  relative 
earth,   but  we   should  say   in  the  particle? 

earth.      Compare   below,    in    eine  7  was  formed.    What  is  the  real 

ffiinbe  getoidelt,  and  in  fcine  fjoljle  subject  of  tnoro  ? 

§0nt).     See  316,  and  note.  8  ttlfo  Dttfe,  for  f0  1)0§ 

*  Ijoli  —  einanber,  literally,  rats- 


READING   LESSON.  223 


©iefyeft  bu  nicfyt,  fprad)  ber  9flann  ®otte§,  bie  putyurfarbtge 
Sliite,  ioie  fie  au§  ben  griinen  Slattern  ^ertoorf^roffct  unb  in 
Siifd;etn  fyernieberfyangt? 

3d?  foodie1  reben,  aber  ein  fanfter  2Binb  fajroebte  in  ben 
Slattern,  unb  ftreuete  bie  Sliiten  um  un§  fyer,  h)ie  roemt  ber 
©dmee  au$  ben  SSolfen  fyernieb  erf  d?roebt.  $aum  toaren  bie 
Sliiten  gefunfen,  fo2  fyingen  grotfd^en  ben  Slattern  bie  roten 
©ranatctyfel  fyernieber,  roie  bie  9ttanbeln  an  ben  t&tahzn  2laron§. 
—  ®a  oerltefc  mid)  ber  9JJann  ©otteS  in  tiefem  ©taunen. 

§ier  enbete  Sftatfyan.    $)a  fragte  fyaftig  ©atomo : 

2Bo  ift  er?  2Bie  fyeifjet  ber  Sftame  be§  gottlia^en  -JftanneS? 
Sebet  er  no$  ?  — 

©a  ernrieberte  Wafyan :  ©oljm  $)a»ib§,  i$  l>abe  bir  ein  £raunts 
gefid)t  ergdr)tt.  — 

2ll§  6aIomo  biefe  2Borte  oemafym,  roarb  er  betriibt  in  feinem 
§er§en  unb  fpraa) :  2Bie  bermagft  bu  mid)  alfo  §u  taufdjien  ?  — 

•ftatfyan  aber  fufyr  fort:  3$  fyaht  bid)  nid)t  getauf  d)t,  ©olm 
3fai.  ©iefye,  in  bem  ©arten  betne§  Sater§  magft  bu  alle§  in 
3Birflid)feit  fd)auen,  mie  id)  bir  gefagt  fydbz.  (55efd?ieF>et  je£t  nia^t 
an  jeglid)em  ©ranatbaum  unb  anbem  Saumen  baSfelbige  ?  — 

3a,  fagte  ©alomo,  aber  unbemerft  unb  in  langer  3eit ! 
'  2>a  antmortete  9?atfyan:  3ft  *$  barum  roeniger  ein  gottlid)e§ 
2Bir!en,  roeil  e§  in  leifer  ©title  unb  unbead)tet  gefct)ie^t  ?    3$ 
baa^te,3  eg  mare  um  fo  gottlia^er. 

©rlenne  erft  bie  ^ftatur,  fprad)  er  barauf,  unb  tfyr  SSirfen! 

35ann  roirft  bu  teid)t  an  ein  r)ot)ere§4  glauben,  unb  nid)t  naa? 

SSunbern  einer  9ftenfd)enfyanb  bia)  felmen. 

$rummadjer. 


1  See  79,  (2).  The  Latin  uses  the  subjunctive  in 

2  See  page  222,  note  6.  the  same  way :  pace  tua  dixerim, 

3  Imperfect  subjunctive  of  belts  by  your  leave  I  would  say. 

felt,  I  should  think  ;  subjunctive  of  4  What  noun  is  to  be  supplied? 
modesty,    or    softened    assertion. 


224       THE  PASSIVE  VOICE  :   THE  ACCUSATIVE  CASE. 

Utemt  ttnb  jtmmjigfte  Seltian. 

332.  THE  PASSIVE  VOICE:  THE  ACCUSATIVE  CASE. 

@in  $err  bcfdjnltiigte  feincit  Wiener  k3  $iel)ftaf)18  nnfc 
nannte  tljn  einen  gemeinen  Sdjurfcn.  Jim,"  fagte  inefer, 
al3  ct  aHein  tomr,  „td)  tocrk  tiott  nteinem  §errn  k§  $ie&« 
|tai)l£  kjifjultmit  initi  ein  gemetner  ©djnrfe  genannt,  unti 
tuariust  ?  $lo§  toctt  idj  mir  imnn  tint)  tuaun  tie@  5lbeni$  ein 
®k3  ban  feincm  SBeht  eingefdjenft  fjalie,  urn  anf  feinc  ®t* 
funti^eit  ju  tttnfen ;  tier  SBein  ift  iibcriiieS  faum  cinen  ©uftien 
t)ic  gfafdje  toert.  %htx  U\\  Je^t  an  ljafte  idj  mcincn  §errn 
meincr  Sienfte  nidjt  mel)r  uiiirtiig  nnti  toertoe  fafort  fein  §an§ 
Dcrlaffcn." 

A  gentleman  accused  his  servant  of  theft  and  called  him 
a  base  rascal.  "Well,"  said  the  latter  when  alone,  "I  am 
accused  of  theft  by  my  master  and  called  a  base  rascal,  and 
why  ?  Only  because  now  and  then  in  the  evening  I  poured 
out  a  glass  of  his  wine  to  drink  his  health ;  the  wine,  more- 
over, is  scarcely  worth  a  florin  a  bottle.  But  henceforth  I 
consider  my  master  no  longer  worthy  of  my  services,  and 
shall  leave  his  house  forthwith." 

333.  1.  Observe  the  two  accusatives  with  ttCttltCtt.  Seven  verbs 
in  German  govern  two  accusatives,  the  one  a  personal  object,  the  other 
a  thing,  or  name  or  title.  They  are:  frttf|Clt,  to  ask;  Ijcifjdl,  to  call, 
name;  Ic^rCIt,  to  teach;  nenitCIt,  to  name,  call;  ftf)imj)fcn  and  ftfjdteit,  to 
call  an  abusive  name ;  ttiufcfl,  to  christen. 

2.  The  change  from  the  active  to  the  passive  is  illustrated  in  the  first 
and  second  sentences  and  is  seen  to  be  quite  parallel  with  the  English. 

3.  The  construction  of  verbs  of  accusing,  convicting,  depriving,  ad- 
monishing, and  the  like,  illustrated  by  id)  toerbc  tioti  nteincm  $errn  &e$ 

£ic6fltll)lS  bffd)Ult)iflt,  is  exactly  parallel  with  the  English :  in  the  active 
voice,  the  accusative  of  the  person  and  the  genitive  of  the  thing ;  in  the 
passive  voice,  the  accusative  becoming  the  nominative,  and  the  genitive 
remaining  unchanged. 


THE  PASSIVE  VOICE  :   THE  ACCUSATIVE  CASE.        225 

334.  Examine  the  following : 

1.  SDie  Werner  i[t  jtoanjig  guf$  fyocfy,  the  wall  is  twenty  feet  high. 

2.  3)er  2Bein  ift  einen  ©ulben  bie  glafcfye  toert,  //&£  o//«^  « 
worth  ajlorin  a  bottle. 

3.  SDer  $nabe  ift  ^efyn  3<*fy*  aft/  ine  boy  is  ten  years  old. 

4.  £)a§  ^acfet  toar  $efyn  $funb  fcfytoer,  the  parcel  weighed  ten 
pounds. 

335.  Adjectives  expressing  measure,  value,  age,  and  weight,  with 
a  numeral  preceding,  take  the  accusative  and  follow  their  case.  This 
accusative  may  be  called  the  Accusative  of  Measure. 

336.  Examine  the  following : 

1.  3)er  SBetn  ift  etnen  ©ulbert  bie  Slafcfye  toert,  the  wine  is 
worth  a  florin  a  bottle. 

2.  £)te  $irf$en  f often  einen  ©rofefyen  bal  $funb,  the  cherries 
cost  a  groschen  a  pound. 

3.  %<fy  faufte  bief e§  %u<fy  fur  etnen  Scaler  bie  (Stle,  /  bought 
this  cloth  at  a  dollar  a  yard. 

4.  gtoeiwal  beg  £age§,  twice  a  day ;  breimal  be§  9Jtonat§, 
three  times  a  month,  ©tnmal  bie  ©tunbe,1  once  an  hour ;  breU 
mal  bie  SSocfye,  three  times  a  week. 

337.  The  examples  show  that  the  German  employs  the  definite 
article  in  a  distributive  sense,  where  the  English  uses  the  indefinite 
article. 

338.  Observe  the  following  impersonal  phrases  : 

@§  fyungert  mid),  I  am  hungry.     @§  fcfyl&fert  micfy,  I  feel  sleepy. 
@3  burftet  mid),  I  am  thirsty.       @g  oerlcmgt  micfy,  I  long. 
@§  friert  mid),  1  feel  cold.  @§  gelitftet  mi$,  I  desire. 

@3  froftelt  mid),  I  feel  chilly.        @3  jammert  mid;,  I  pity. 
@3  fcfyaubert  micfy,  I  shudder. 

1  Notice  the  accusative  in  the  case  of  feminines. 


226        THE  PASSIVE  VOICE  :    THE  ACCUSATIVE  CASE. 

339.  1.  Observe  that  in  the  above  phrases  the  accusative  is  used 
to  denote  the  person  who  is  affected  by  the  feeling,  and  therefore  stands 
for  the  real  subject. 

2.  The  Latin  offers  an  interesting  analogy  in  the  construction  of  the 
impersonal  verbs  miseret,  paenitet,  etc. :  me  miseret,  I  feel  pity ;  me 
paenitet,  I  am  sorry. 

3.  Here  should  be  noticed  the  common  phrase  c§  gidJt,  there  is,  there 
are,  with  the  accusative  following :  e8  fltebt  tittle  23iid)fr,  there  are  many 
books} 

340.  SKufaabe. 

I.  1.  A  servant  was  accused  by  his  master  of  theft,  and 
was  called  a  base  rascal,  because  he  had  robbed  him  of  his 
wine.  2.  You  may  call  a  man  a  thief,  if  he  steals  anything 
from  you.2  3.  Do  not  accuse  this  poor  man  of  theft,  and 
call  him  a  thief,  for  he  has  not  stolen  anything  from  you. 
4.  Allow  me  to  pour  you  out  another  glass  of  wine ;  let  us 
drink  Mrs.  D.'s  health 3 !  5.  May  I  ask  what  this  wine  costs 
a  bottle  ?  6.  It  costs  me  only  a  florin  a  bottle,  but  it  is 
worth  a  thaler.  7.  He  generally  drinks  a  glass  of  wine  in 
the  morning 4  and  in  the  evening,  but  this  morning  he  did 
not  drink  any.  8.  He  did  not  think  me  worthy  of  his  friend- 
ship any  longer,  because  I  had  accused  him  of  idleness  and 
called  him  an  idler.  9.  If  I  had  called  my  servant  an  idler, 
he  would  have  left  my  house  at  once.  10.  This  man  left  his 
master's  service  only  because  he  was  accused  of  idleness. 
11.  After  they  had  drunk  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.'s  health,  they 
left  the  room.  12.  Being5  unwell,  he  must  take  a  glass  of 
wine  three  times  a  day,  in  the  morning,  afternoon,  and 
evening.     13.  Last  winter  Mrs.  S.  now  and  then  came  in  the 


i  Compare  the  French  il y  a.  same  case  as  "  this  morning,"  in 

*  from  youy  dative.  the  same  sentence  ?     See  page  74, 

*  attf  Me  (Befunliljcit.  note  3. 

4  Is  this  to  be  expressed  by  the  5  Since  he  is,  etc. 


READING   LESSON.  227 


evening  to  take  a  cup  of  tea  with  us ;  but  since  she  has 
become  rich,  she  does  not  think  us  any  longer  worthy  of  a 
visit.  14.  How  can  you  accuse  me  of  theft  and  call  me  a 
rascal?  asked  a  servant  of1  his  master.  15.  I  have  not 
stolen  any  thing  from  you,  and  if  now  and  then  in  the 
evening  I  took  a  glass  of  your  wine,  it  was  only  to  drink 
your  health. 

II.  1.  £)ie  fcorige  2Boo)e  marine  td;  einen  fleinen  5lu3flug  in 
ba§  ©ebirge ;  aber  ba  id;  be3  2Bege3  unfunbtg  mar,  oerirrte  ia; 
mia;,  imb  toanberte  erne  gan§e  ©tunbe  im  SKalbe  umfyer.  2.  £)a 
erinnerte  id;  mid;  eine§  @om£affe§,  ben  id;  fiir  einen  foIcr)en  Unfatf 
$u  mir  geftedt  fyatti.  3.  3$  bebiente  mia;  be§felben,  urn  mid; 
§urea)tgufmben,  unb  tnbem  ia)  gerabe  naa)  Siiben  ^ufajritt,  r)atte 
id;  bie  greube,  balb  ba3  ©orf  gu  erreia)en,  ba§  ia)  oergeben3  ge« 
fua)t  fyatte.  4.  2lber  e§  mar  ana)  ^>or)e  3eit,  benn  ia;  r;dtte  ma)t 
mefyr  oiel  Idnger  manbern  fonnen ;  ia;  mar  einiger  @rfrifa)ungen 
fer)r  bebtirftig  unb  fo  ermiibet,  baj$,  menn  in  bem  £)idia)t  be§ 
2BaIbe§  ein  dauber  mtd)  angefaden  fycitte,  er  Ieid)t  im  ©tanbe 
gemefen  mare,  fia)  meine§  ©elbe§  unb  meiner  Ufyr  $u  bemaa)tigen ; 
benn  ia)  fyatte  mia)  u)m  nid)t  miberfeijen  lonnen.  5.  3d)  toiirbe 
ir)n  mar;rfa)etnUa)  blo§  einen  dauber  gefd)impft,  aber  mia;  fa)lief3s 
lia)  boa;  meine§  3JlangeI^  an  2Biberftanb  gefa)dmt  fyaben. 


341.  gist*  jtiitfei  ntttf  fra*  $M)ltin* 

[To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 


1.      2$a§  eitft  bu  fo, 
2)u  SBadjtein  frofy, 
2)urd)§  griine  Sfyal  bal)tn? 
@o  bteib'  bod)  tjier 
Unb  ftrier  mtt  mir, 
SSeil  id)  fo  gut  bir  bin. 


2.      2)a§  S3ad){einfprid)t: 
„£>a§  fann  id)  nid)t, 
2)agu  Ijob'  id)  iticr)t  3eit ! 
$ab'  t»iet  ju  ttjmt 

Unb  barf  ntdjt  rufy'n, 
9Jcuf3  fjeute  nod)  gar  mett! 


1  Omit  in  translation. 


228 


THE    DATIVE    CASE. 


3.  9JhtB  Ijurtig  gelfn, 
£>a8  2)ciif)trab  brefj'n 

3)a  brunten  in  bem  £l)ai ; 
2ftuj3  tranfen  and) 
9?ad)  oltem  SBraud) 
S)ie  SBliimlein  aflgumat. 

4.  2)ie  ©djaflein  flein 
2)ort  marten  tnein,1 

@d)rei'n  biirftenb  fd)on  nad)  tnir, 
3)rum  bring'  id)  fdjneU 
S5ont  frijcben  Ouell 
2)a§  SBoffer  ifynen  I)ier. 


5.  2)ann  mufc  idj  fyin 
3nr  23leid)erin, 

2JcuJ3  gtefeen  bort  iln*  £ud), 
58t§  bafi  eg  rein 
Unb  rrjeift  mag  fein,  — 
$abf  tdj  nicf)t  MI)'  gcnug? 

6.  2eb'  tt>oI){,  mein  $inb, 
3d)  muft  gefdjrainb 
9?un  an  bie  Arbeit  gefj'n ; 
^nm  2Reer  ift'8  rceit, 
$ab'  feine  gtit, 

33ei  bir  rjier  long'  ^ftefj'n." 

<S.  Gl>r.  2>ieffenba$. 


342. 


Sretftigftc  Setttott. 


THE  DATIVE  CASE. 


$ie  SWfiufe  krieten  fid)  einmtrf  in  ctncr  ttttgemeinen  $er» 
fammluitfl,  auf  tuclr^e  SSeife  e§  iijnen  gclingcn  fiimtte,  fidj  tior 
kr  fdjreiftfdjen  $a^e  ju  fdjityen,  iiie  Beftaniiig  tfjrem  8ekn 
kotjte ;  knn  e§  toar  iljnen  unmogfid),  fidj  iljr  ju  miticrfe^en, 
unb  entf(iel)en  fonnten  ftc  ijjr  audj  nidjt.  !Wadjkm  toerfdjiekne 
SBorfdjlfifle  gemadjt  toorkn  toaren,  bie  iljnett  abet  nidjt  pfagten, 
tourk  iljnen  toon  einer  alten,  erfaljrenen  9ftau§  geraten,  tier 
$nfce  cine  Sdjefle  anpljiutQen ;  eg  Untrue  tfjncn  uamt  leidjt 
fein,  fagte  fie,  i^re  $einuin  f^on  toon  fern  $u  Ijoren. 

liefer  9iat  gefiel  i^nen  fa  fefjr,  baft  jie  kfdjloffen  t^n  ju 
kfotyen.  $U§  e§  abet  ju  bet  grafle  Jam :  „$Ber  foil  tier 
$a<jc  tie  ^djetfe  anljiinflen  t"  tear  auf  einmal  %Uc%  ftumm ; 
knn  feine  getraute  ftdj,  tag  gefaljrlidje  ttnterneljttten  ttu^u» 


1  Old  form  of  genitive.     In  prose,  auf  tttidj- 


THE    DATIVE    CASE.  229 

fiifjrett.  $te  pnjc  Serfamtttfung  gtitfl  fdjtoetgettb  au§eimmi»er, 
unto  iitc  Ha^e  iauft  nod)  ofjnc  8(fje!(c  umfjcr  bit?  auf  kit  (jcutt* 
gen  £a(j. 

The  mice  once  deliberated  in  a  general  assembly,  how 
they  might  succeed  in  protecting  themselves  from  the  terrible 
cat  that  constantly  threatened  their  lives ;  for  it  was  impos- 
sible for  them  to  resist  her,  neither  could  they  escape  from 
her.  After  several  proposals  had  been  made,  which  how- 
ever did  not  suit  them,  they  were  advised  by  an  old  expe- 
rienced mouse  to  hang  a  bell  on  the  cat's  neck ;  it  would 
then  be  easy  for  them,  said  she,  to  hear  their  enemy  even 
from  a  distance. 

This  advice  pleased  them  so  much,  that  they  determined 
to  follow  it.  *  But  when  the  question  arose,  "  Who  is  to  hang 
the  bell  around  the  cat's  neck?"  suddenly  all  were  mute,  for 
none  dared  to  carry  out  the  hazardous  undertaking.  The 
whole  assembly  dispersed  in  silence,  and  the  cat  runs  about 
up  to  the  present  day  without  a  bell. 

343.  Examine  the  following  : 

Active.  Passive. 

£>te  alte  WIoluZ  riet  ifynen,  the     (@§)  tourbe  ifynen  torn  ber  alien 
old  mouse  advised  them,  3ttau§  geraten,  they  were  ad- 

vised by  the  old  mouse. 
£)te  $at$e  brofyte  tfyrem  Seben,     (@§)  tourbe  ifyrem  Seben  ge= 
the  cat  threatened  their  life.  brofyt,  their  life  was  threat- 

ened. 

34:4.  The  examples  show  that  intransitive  verbs  governing  the 
dative  in  the  active  are  used  impersonally  in  the  passive,  the  person  or 
thing  affected  (the  subject  in  English)  being  expressed  by  the  dative. 
The  subject  tS  may  be  omitted.1 

1  The  student  of  Latin  should  in  this  construction  of  the  Latin 
observe  the  exact  correspondence       and  the  German:  mihi  creditur. 


230 


THE    DATIVE    CASE. 


345.  The  following 
alents  in  English  are 
German 1 : 

cmtworten,  to  answer. 
bcmfen,  to  thank. 
btenen,  to  serve. 
broken,  to  threaten. 
flucfyett,  to  curse. 
folgen,  to  follow. 
frofmen,  to  humor. 
gebitfyren,  to  be  due. 
gef  alien,  to  please. 
mt^f  alien,  to  displease. 
gefyoren,  to  belo?ig. 
gefyordfyen,  to  obey. 
geniigen,  to  suffice. 
gereidfyen,  to  redound  to. 


simple  verbs,  most  of  whose  equiv- 
transitive,    govern    the    dative    in 

gleicfyert,  to  resemble. 
grotlen,  to  bear  a  grudge. 
^elfert,  to  help. 
nafyert,  to  come  near. 
niiijen,  to  profit. 
paff  en,  to  fit. 
raten,  to  advise. 
fcfyaben,  to  injure.   ■ 
fdnneicfyeln,  to  flatter. 
ftefyen,  to  suit,  to  become. 
tranen,  to  trust.- 
mtjstrauen,  to  distrust. 
trotjen,  to  defy. 
piemen,  to  become. 


346.     Four  common  verbs,  compounds  of  Be,  take  the  dative :  bf s 

j^egncn,2  to  meet;  fccfchlcn,  to  command ;  betyagen,  to  please ;  befommen, 

to  agree  with  ;  also  many  compounds  of  eitt:  eiltfliegClt,  to  fly  away  from  ; 
CntfltC^cn,  etttlttUfen,  to  run  away  from  ;  etltacljcn,  to  escape  (a  danger); 
finally,  a  great  number  of  compounds  of  the  separable  prefixes. 


347. 


Observe  the  following '' 


@§  afynt  mir,  I  have  a  fore-      (£§  belt  ebt  mir,  it  is  my  pleasure. 

bodinZ'  ®*  bftu*t  mir'  }  methinks. 

@§  bangt  mir,  I  feel  anxious.        @§  biinlt  mir,   ) 


1  Most  of  the  corresponding 
Latin  verbs  govern  the  dative. 

2  tU'gCgttcn  is  rarely  used  with 
the  accusative,  and  then  takes 
liabcil  as  its  auxiliary. 

3  Compare  impersonal  phrases 


with  the  accusative,  338.  Such 
forms  of  expression  in  German, 
Latin,  and  other  languages,  imply 
that  the  feeling  was  thought  to  be 
from  some  mysterious  power  with- 
out, not  self -originated. 


THE    DATIVE   CASE.  231 


@§  ef  ett  mir,  I  feel  disgusted.        @3  grant  mir,  /  am  afraid. 
@§  fefylt  mir,       \     I  lack  ;         @3  fd)ftmnt  mir,  my  heart  mis- 


(&§>  mangelt  mir, )  an  with  dat.         gives  me. 

@3  gelingt  mir,  )  t  succeej  ®$  fa;ft)inbelt  mir,  I  feel  giddy. 


(5§  gliidt  mir,     )  @§  traumt  mir,  /  dream. 

(&$  mipngt  mir,  I  fail.  ($;§  ift  mir  px  -3Jhit,  I  feel. 

348.  Most  reflective  verbs  take  the  reflective  pronoun  in 
the  accusative,  but  the  following  require  the  dative : 

fid)  anma^en,  to  arrogate  to  one's  self;  to;  mafte  mir  an. 

fid)  anSbitten,  to  request ;  id)  bitte  mir  an3. 

fid)  benf  en,  to  fancy ;  id)  benf  e  mir. 

fid;  einbilben,  to  imagine ;  idj)  bribe  mir  eirt. 

fid)  bie  greifyett  nefymen,  to  take  the  liberty  ;  id)  nefyme  mir  bie 

greifyeit. 
fia)  getrauen,  to  dare ;  id)  getrane  mir. 
fict)  fyeraugnefymen,  to  presume;  id)  nefyme  mir  fyerau$. 
fid)  bornefymen,  to  intend;  id)  nefyme  mir  fcor. 
fief)  fcorftellen,  /#  imagine ;  id)  fteKe  mir  bor. 

ncy  §uetgnen,  \  f0  appropriafe  t0  one->s  se/y.  \*  e|(vne  mjr  ,u  /an\ 
ftct)  anetgnen, ) 

349.  Observe  the  following  phrases  : 

afyrtlia;  —  er  ift  feinem  SSater  dr)nlicr),  he  resembles  his  father. 

bange  —  e§  ift  if)m  bange,  ^  is  afraid. 

gefaftig  —  ift  Sfynen  gefdttig  %\<x%  gu  nefymen  ?  o//7/  70^  /#£,? 

#  seat1} 
fyetfj,  warm —  e$  ift  mir  fer)r  fjeife,  marm,  I  feel  very  hot, 

warm. 
leicfyt,  fdnuer  —  ba§  Semen  fattt  ibm  Ieia;t,  f$toer,  he  finds 

learfiing  easy,  difficult. 
leib  —  e§  tfyut  mir  leib  urn  ilm,  7#w  ^rry  /<?r  toz. 
red)t  —  e3  gefdfyiefyt  ifym  redj>t,  z/  jw-zw  /«'#z  right ;  ber  §ut  ift 

mir  rea)t,  the  hat  fits  me. 


232  THE   DATIVE    CASE. 


f  tf)ttnnbUg  —  e§  n)irb  tt)r  f  cfytotnbltg,  she  grows  dizzy. 

iibel  —  e£  totrb  ifym  iibel,  he  feels  sick ;  e§  ge£)t  ifym  iibel,  he 

is  badly  off. 
toofyl,  gut  —  e§  gefyt  U)m  toofyl  (gut),  ^  &  ^/^  w///  e§  ift 

tt)m  ntcf)t  tootyl,  >#<?  */<w  not  feel  well. 

350.  Slufea&e* 

I.  1.  The  mice  once  determined  to  put  a  bell  around  the 
cat's  neck,  that  they  might  hear  her  from  a  distance ;  but 
they  did  not  succeed  in  this  dangerous  undertaking,  because 
none  of  them  dared  to  carry  it  out,  although  each  one  was 
advised  by  the  others  to  try  it.  2.  The  poor  mice  cannot 
resist  the  cat,  nor  escape  from  her,  because  she  is  so  strong 
and  swift-footed.  3.  By  whom*  were  the  mice  advised  to  put 
a  bell  around  the  cat's  neck  ?  By  an  old  mouse.  4.  Why 
did  she  not  do  it  herself?  Because  she  wanted  courage. 
5.  Did  it  not  occur  to  any1  of  the  others  to  try2  the  experi- 
ment ?  6.  The  advice,  indeed,  pleased  them  all,  but  none 
wanted  to  act  up  to 3  it.  7.  So  they  all  dispersed  in  silence, 
and  if  you  meet  the  cat,  you  find 4  that  she  runs  about 
without  a  bell  even  up 5  to  the  present  day. 

8.  As  the  cat  constantly  threatened  the  lives  of  the  mice, 
they  once  held  a  general  assembly,  in  which  they  deliberated 
how  they  could G  best  protect  themselves  from  her.  9.  They 
knew  that  they  could  7  not  escape  from  her,  nor  resist  her. 
10.  Although  several  proposals  had  been  made  for  that  end,8 
none  suited  them.  11.  At  last  an  old  mouse  advised  them 
to  hang  a  bell  on  the  cat's  neck.  12.  "  Believe  me," she 
added,  "  this  will  completely  answer  the  purpose,  as  it  will 
then  be  easy  for  you  to  hear  the  enemy  even  from  a  dis- 

1  not — to  any,  XtVXtX-  5  even  up  to,  M$  (Utf. 

2  to  try,  miutjCH.  6  Use  the  subjunctive. 

3  act  up  to  =  carry  out.  7  Do  not  use  the  subjunctive. 

4  Be  mindful  of  the  order.  8  JU  Mf fcm  $ttC& 


THE   DATIVE   CASE.  233 


tance."  13.  The  others  were  much  obliged  to  her  for  this 
sage  advice,  and  determined  to  follow  it.  14.  But  when  the 
question  was  put,  who  was '  to  hang  the  bell  on  the  cat's 
neck,  the  whole  assembly  was  mute  ;  for  none  of  them  pre- 
tended to  have  courage  enough  to  carry  out  so  hazardous  an 
undertaking.  15.  They  all  dispersed  in  silence,  and,  how- 
ever 2  dreadful  it  is  to  the  poor  mice,  the  cat  runs  about 
without  a  bell  up  to  this  day. 

II.  I.  @3  fiel  mir  fyzuti  auf  etnmal  em,  baft  ta;  meiner 
greunbin,  ber  grau  23.,  oerfprodfyen  fyatte,  biefen  ;ftaa;mittag  mtt 
ifyr  in  bie  ©tabt  ^u  fafyren  unb  U)r  »erfd)iebene  ©infaufe  maa;en 
pi  fyelfen.  2.  @3  mar  mir  fyodfyft  cirgerltcr),  baft  ta)  mem  $ers 
fpredfyen  oergeffen  fyatU ;  id)  beetlte  mia)  bafyer,  mid)  ol)ne  33ergug 
fertig  $u  madden,  unb  ba  e£  mir  gelang,  fogleicr)  etne  $utfcfye  gu 
befommen,  fo  murbe  e§  mir  moglia)  ba§  $>au$  ber  grau  23.  gu 
erretdjen,  efye  fie  abfufyr.  3.  <5ie  freute  fict)  fer)r,  aU  tcfy  lam; 
benn  e3  mar  ifyr  bang,*  gemefen,  baft  mir  etma§  Unangenefyme& 
begegnet  fei.  4.  ,,-ftun,"  rief  fie  mir  entgegen,  „menn  e3  3$nen 
gefattig  ift,  fo  moll  en  mir  gleia;  einfteigen.  5.  3)er  2Sagen 
martet  fd)on  feit  einiger  3eit  auf  un§,  unb  aufterbem  traue  ia;  bem 
■JBetter  nirf)t ;  benn  obgleidj)  jetjt  bie  ©onne  fdfyeint,  fo  biirfen  <5ie 
mir  glauben,  baft  e§  fyeute  nod)  Sfcgen  giebt." 

6.  ©rlauben  <5ie  mir,  lieber  greunb,  ^mn  metnen  better, 
§errn  $arl  ©djmibt  au$  Hamburg  bor^uftetten.  7.  3$  fteue 
mia)  fefyr,  §err  ©cfymibt,  £$re  merte  23efanntf$aft  $u  maa^en. 
©eien  ©ie  un3  mtftfommen  in  Siberpool!  ^ft  bie§  ba3  erfte 
Mai,  baft  ©ie  unfere  ©tabt  befudj>en?  8.  23er§eifyen  ©ie,  id)  mat 
toor  gmei  3afy*en  f$on  einmal  fyter,  unb  menu  ia)  mia)  nid)t  irre, 
fyatte  ta;  fa^on  bamals  ba§  SSergniigen,  ^^re  23efanntf$aft  gu 
maajen.  23iellei$t  erinnern  ©te  fi$  meiner,  menu  i$  Sfynen 
fage,  baft  mir  un§  auf  einem  23aft  bei  $rau  31.  getroffen  fyahm. 
9.  D,  e§  fdtlt  mir  je£t  em,  baft  ©ie  bamal§  bei  einer  ^artie 

1  What  tense  of  the  subjunc-  *  however,  fo  —  Olid), 

tive  ?    See  303,  2. 


234  THE    DATIVE    CASE. 

2Bfytft  mem  ©egner  maren.  $d)  fyoffe,  ©ie  merben  mir  fcergeifyen, 
bafj  i$  mid)  nid)t  fogleia;  !Jl)rer  erirmert  fyabe.  2Bie  Iange  finb 
©ie  je£t  fa)on  fyier,  §err  ©$mibt?  10.  £50;  bin  feit  borgeftern 
fyier  unb  roerbe  noa;  einige  £age  bletben.  11.  £)ann  roiirbe  ia; 
!Jlmen  fe^r  oerbunben  fetn,  menu  ©ie  mia;  mit  einem  53efua;e  be= 
efyren  rooEten.  12.  ©te  finb  fefyr  giitig ;  id)  roerbe  fua;en  3^rcr 
©inlabung  golge  gu  leiften,  obgleia;  icfy  e£  ^fynen  ni^t  m^  ^^= 
ftimmtfyeit  toerf^red^en  fann,  ba  ia;  oiele  ©efa;afte  fyabe  unb  mir 
bafyer  fiir  SBefudje  roenig  3^  ubrig  bleibt.  13.  §aben  ©ie  eine 
gute  tlberf afjrt  toon  Hamburg  nad)  (Snglanb  gefyabt?  14.  SKinb 
unb  2Better  roaren  un§  groar  gimftig,  aber  e£  mar  mir  auf  bem 
©d)iffe  bod;  unrool)!  unb  fa^roinblig.  ©eroofmliti;  fc^abet  mir  bie 
©eefranffyeit  ma;t  nur  ni$t,  fonbern  ift  meiner  ®efunbl)eit  fogar 
gutraglid).  15.  28ie  gef atit  e§  3fynen  in  unferer  ©tabt  (rote 
gefaEt  gfmen  unfere  ©tabt)?  16.  @3  gefaUt  mir  fefyr  gut  in  2: 
(£.  gefaUt  mir  fel)r  gut).  (£§  giebt  immer  fciel  ©a;one§  unb 
*Reue3  gu  fefyen,  unb  e§  tfyut  mir  nur  leib,  bafj  e§  mir  nicfyt 
mbglicfy  ift,  meinen  Slufent^alt  fyier  ju  feerlcingern. 

351.  SHufaafce* 

[Change  the  verb  in  the  following  sentences  to  the  passive :] 

1.  25ie  $inber  gefyora)en  ifyren  ©Item. 

2.  Wlan  roirb  bir  fyelfen,  menu  e§  nbtig  ift. 

3.  3a;  glaube  biefem  $erl  nicfyt,  benn  er  &at  mia;  fcfyon  einmal 
belogen. 

4.  £)er  §err  befall  feinem  £utfdjer,  i(;m  ba§  9teityferb  $u 
fatteln. 

5.  9ft eine  ©a;roefter  roirb  ber  (Sintabung  ber  grau  D.  golge 
leiften. 

6.  Wlan  oertyraa)  ifym,  bafc  man  fiir  ifyn  forgen  rootfe. 

7.  2)ie  gange  gamilie  begegnete  mir  mit  bieler  greunblia^leit. 

8  SDtefe  Seute  fcfcmeicfyelten  §erm  9L,  bamit  er  ifyrem  ©ofyn 
bie  erlebigte  ©telle  iibertragen  moa;te. 

9.  ©ie  antroorteten  mir  lange  $tit  ™$*/  obgleicfy  i$  fa 
bringenb  urn  eine  Slntroort  gebeten  fyatte. 


READING    LESSON.  235 


352.         [Answer  the  following  questions  in  German:] 

1.  ©letcfyt  biefeg  $inb  fetnem  $ater  ober  feiner  Gutter? 
2.  ©efyort  btcfc  -iftafymafcfyine  Sfynen  ober  Sfyrer  $raulcin  ©cfytoes 
fter?  3.  3ft  e§  bem  SDieb  gelungen,  bem  ^oli^eibiener  gu  ent= 
fUefcen?  4.  2Sie  ^  mir  biefer  $ocf?  5.  Sin  toa§  fe&It  e§ 
Sfyrem  9Jeffen  ?  6.  2Ba§  traumte  Sfynen  oergangene  3^ac^t  ?  7. 
SBilben  ©ie  ftd)  toirflia;  ein,  mefyr  $u  froiffen  aU  Sfyr  Secret? 
8.  ©a;meitf)elft  bit  btr  mit  ber  §offnung,  biefer  gamtlie  $u 
gcfallen?  9.  2Bie  gefyt  e3  3$rem  ^Setter  unb  feiner  gamilie  in 
Stmerila?  10.  ©efaflt  eg  ifym  ba?  11.  2Bie  $a*  e§  Sfynen  in 
£eutf$lanb  gefatlen?  12.  3ft  eg  2#nen  toarm,  bafc  ©ie  ben  §ut 
abnefymen?  13.  ©efcfytefyt  e§  biefem  ^naben  ntcfyt  recfyt,  baft  er  $u 
§aufe  bleiben  muft  ?  14.  XfyvA  eg  3^nen  w$t  ^ib,  oa6  e^  bem 
armen  jungen  9Jlann  nttf)t  gelungen  ift,  bem  Snifter  §u  gef alien? 

353*  [To  be  translated  into  German:] 

The  Wasp  and  the  Bee. 

A  wasp  met  a  bee  and  said  to  him  (ifyr),  "  Pray,  can  you  tell 
me  what  is  the  reason  that  I  am  so  odious  to  men,  while  you 
are  so  dear  to  them  ?  However  much l  pains  I  take  to  gain 
their  good  will,  I  do  not  succeed.  If  I  try  to  approach  them 
at  their  meals,  they  imagine  I  wish  to  hurt  them,  and  imme- 
diately threaten  my  life,  so  that  nothing  is  left  to  me  but  to 
escape  from  them  as  fast  as  possible.  For  you,  however, 
they  build  houses,  and  provide  you  with  food  in  winter. 
And  yet  we  are  very  much  like  each  other  in  our  bodies  and 
hnbits :  we  both  love  honey,  and  we  both  sting  people  when 
^e  are  angry." 

The  bee  answered,  "You  indeed  resemble  me  in  shape, 
but  you  are  never  of  any  use  to  men ;  on  the  contrary,  you 
are  troublesome  to  them,  and  keep  them  in  constant  fear  of 
your  venomous  sting.     For  this  reason  they  do  not  like2  you, 

1  8Bte  tJtCl .  .  .  dUd),  with  the  verb  transposed.     2  IjaHett .  . .  JCtlt. 


236  READING    LESSON. 


but  try  to  hurt  and  kill  you.  To  me  they  are  kind  and  grate- 
ful, because  I  am  busy  all  day  long  in  preparing1  them  honey. 
You  had  better 2  pay  them  fewer  visits  and  try  to  be  useful 
to  them." 

354.  Qtv  g*l*ljrt*  fUroamm»*g*l* 

2)iefer  33ogeI  gefyorte  einem  frangoftfd)en  SluSgeroanberten,  ber 
fein  23aterlanb  mafyrenb  be£  SBurgerfriegeS  toerlaffen  t)attc  unb  in 
£eutfd;lanb  bie  SRMhfyx  be3  griebenS  crtoartcte.  @r  fyattt  ben 
fleinen  $ogeI  mir  gum  geitoertreib  unterricbtet ;  al§  aber  fein 
(Mb  auf  bie  S^etgc  ging,  entftfjlog  er  fid)  mit  feinem  ©filler 
fyerumgureifen  unb  ifm  fitr  ©elb  fefyen  gu  laffen.  go  fam  er  aua) 
naa)  Gleoe,  melbete  fid)  in  einem  ©aftfyofe  an,  mo  eine  ©efellfa)aft 
nad)  ber  9ftafylgeit  bem  ©piele  einiger  fyerumgiefyenben  3Jlufifanten 
gufyorte,  unb  murbe,  ba  man  fa)on  oiel  oon  bem  gefcfyicften  SSogel 
gefyort  fyatte,  freunblia)  angenommen. 

!Jn  ber  %v)at  mar  e§  and;  ba§  nieblid)fte  ©efa)o£f,  ba§  man 
fefyen  !onnte.  2113  fein  §err  ben  $dfig  offnete,  urn  tr;n  ber  $er= 
fammlung  gu  geigen,  fyityfte  er  u)m  fogleia)  auf  ben  ginger  unb  fafy 
feinen  §errn  unberoeglta)  mit  llugen  Slugen  an,  al3  ob  er  feine 
SBefefyle  ermartete.  92aa)bem  nun  biefer  ber  ©efettfa)aft  einige§ 
oon  ben  Xugenben  unb  ®efa)icflia)feiten  feine§  Sosttngg  Qefagt 
fyatte,  oon  benen  fie  je£t  .geugen  fem  fotften,  ioenbete  er  fid)  an 
biefen  felbft. 

,,-Iftein  fletner  greunb,"  fa3te  er/  '^u  befinbeft  bia)  je£t  in 
Oornefymer  ©efeHfa)aft,  unb  ia)  fyoffe,  bag  bu  fie  nid)t  in  ifyren 
(Srtoartungen  taufa)en  roirft.  £>aft  bu  bie  ©efeEfa)aft  fd)on 
gegriigt  ?"  £)er  23ogeI  fa)tittelte  ben  $opf.  „2BoIj>lan  benn,  time 
beine  <5d)ulbigfeit,  unb  geige,  bag  bu  bie  (Sfyre  erfennft,  bie  man 
bir  erroeift !"  ©ogleia)  Oemeigte  fia)  ber  SSogel  nad)  jeber  ©eite 
fyin.  „©efyr  gut/'  fufyr  nun  fein  §err  fort,  „e£  ift  aber  nia)t  genug, 
fybfTid)  gu  fein,  man  mug  and}  talent  geigen ;  lag  un§  etma§  Oon 
beiner  Sftufif  fyoren,  aber  bergig  nia)t,  bag  bu  tenner  Oor  bir  r)aft." 


1  JU  Bcrettcn.  2  //  would  be  better  if. 


READING   LESSON.  237 


2)er  $ogel  fang.  „D,  bu  fleiner  ©djelm,"  unierbraa)  tfyn 
fein  §err,  „bu  miKft  un£  mofyl  gum  beften  fyaben.  ©o  mogen 
9taben  fratf^en,  nicfyt  aber  SSogcI  toon  beinem  talent,  ©a)er$  bei 
©cite !  £a{$  un§  etma£  ^iifyrenbeg  fyoren."  ©ogleia;  fiel  bcr 
$ogel  in  eincn  anbcrn  Xon,  unb  feine  $el)le  f$ien  in  cine  f$Iote 
bermanbelt  gu  fein.  „©d)on  fo !  9ta  etma§  fdjmefter !  3lxa)t  $u 
fdmeft !  ©o  ift'3  red)t."  £)er  SSogel  macfyte  atfeS,  ma§  tfym  be= 
fofylen  murbe. 

„2lber,  ftetner  greunb,"  fagte  jetjt  ber  9tteifter,  „icf)  mod)te 
miffen,  ma§  mit  beinem  gatfc  unb  beinem  ^opfcfyen  Io§  ift.  £)u  bift 
gerftreut ;  bu  fyaft  ben  £aft  oergeffen."  ©ogleia)  fcfylug  cr  ben 
Xaft  mit  bem  gufte  unb  bemegte  gu  gleicfyer  $t\t  ben  $opf. 
„23raoo,  braoo!"  fyaftti  e§  jettf  torn  alien  Xeilen  be§  ©aale§ 
mieber,  unb  befonberg  bie  ^ufilanten  maren  bejaubert  toon  feiner 
©efa^itflicfyfeit.  „9hm,  greunb,"  fagte  ber  9fteifter,  „bebanfft 
bu  bia;  nidjt?"  SDer  $ogel  neigte  ben  Ropf  unb  ban!te.  3)a 
murbe  ber  SBeifall  nod)  grower,  beS  ©taunenS  unb  ber  33emunbe= 
rung  mar  lein  @nbe. 

•!ftad)bem  bie  mufifalifa^en  IXbungen  ooritber  maren,  fagte  ber 
9Jleifter :  „2Bir  fyaUn  fa^one  Wu\\$  get)ort,  mir  Ijaben  un3  luftig 
gemadjt.  2lber  bu  meiftt,  e3  ift  Strieg.  SDte  geinbe  briggen  oor; 
mir  mitffen  auf  unferer  §ut  fein."  3u3*eid)  gab  er  ifym  einen 
©trofyfyalm  aU  glinte  in  bie  fallen;  unb  ber  93ogeI  fd&ulterte 
fein  ©emefyr,  mie  ein  geiibter  ©olbat,  unb  ging  bann  auf  ber 
£afel  auf  unb  ah,  mie  ein  2Bad)tyoften.  „3)u  bift  ein  macferer 
Surface/'  fagte  fein  §err ;  „menn  bu  ferner  beine  $flia)t  fo  tfyuft, 
merben  un3  bie  geinbe  nia)t  iiberrumpeln.  3et#  ^afe  un§  no$ 
einen  9ftarftt),  bann  barfft  bu  au§ruf>en."  2)er  $ogel  fang  einen 
Stftarfct)  mit  grower  ©enautgleit.  Unb  al§  er  geenbet  fyatte  unb 
jebermann  in  bie  §anbe  flatfcfyte,  unb  bie  Sfttufifanten  ifyn  tf)ren 
$apeltmeifter  nannten,  fcfyien  er  gang  ftoI&  auf  bag  Sob  gu  merben, 
fdmttelte  bie  ftftigel,  Jm.fcte  fid?  unb  ftimmte  nocfy  $u  guter  £e£t 
au£  freiem  Slntrieb  ein  £rompeterftud$en  an. 

„3e$t,  mein  lleiner  greunb,"  fagte  ber  Weifter,  „ift  e§  Sett, 
toon  fo  oieler  Slrbeit  augjuru^en.    Sege  bia;  fyin  unb  fa;lummere 


238    EQUIVALENTS  OF  ENGLISH  PRESENT  PARTICIPLE 


em  toenig.  %d)  mill  unterbefjen  beinen  $lat$  einnefymen,  unb  bie 
©efellfdjaft  gu  unterbalten  fucben."  §ierauf  fd)ien  ber  $ogel 
miibe  ^u  merben.  @r  macule  ein  2luge  ^u,  bann  ba£  anbere; 
banrt  manfte  er  fyin  unb  fyer,  fo  bag  man  jeben  Slugenblid  meinte, 
er  miiffe  oom  ginger  fyerabf  alien,  ©nblict)  war  er,  mie  e§  fd>ien, 
f eft  eingefdjlafen,  unb  lag  obne  SBemegung  auf  ber  §anb  be§ 
9Jtafter§.  £)iefer  legte  iljm  »orfid)tig  auf  ben  £ifd),  unb  ber= 
ftcr)erte  ber  ©efeUfcbaft,  bag  er  fein  23efte§  fyun  molle,  urn  bie 
groifa^en^eit  auSjufiillen. 

33ort)er  bat  er  urn  ein  ©la£  2Bein.  3n  bem  Slugenblide,  mo 
er  ba3  ©la§  an  ben  9)mnb  fetjte,  raffte  fid)  ber  SBogel  auf,  flog 
auf  ben  Stab  be§  ©lafe§  unb  nippte  oon  bem  -Kkine.  „D,  feme 
Unart !"  rief  ifym  fein  §err  ja,  „fannft  bu  nid)t  marten  ?"  2luf 
biefe  2Barnung  fprang  ber  3SogeI  gleid)  fyerab,  nafym  feinen 
oorigen  $latj  ein  unb  fa^ien  mieber  feft  einjufa^Iafen.  ©ein  §err 
unterfyielt  nun  bie  33erfammlung  mit  anbern  ^unftftiiden  fo  an= 
genefym,  bag  man  ben  fd;Iafenben  DJmfifer,  ber  no$  auf  bem 
£ifd)e  lag,  faft  oergafj.  3n  einem  ungliidlidben  5(ugenblide,  mo 
alte  Slugen  in  bie  §ofye  gerid)tet  maren,  f!prang  eine  $a£e,  bie 
biSfyer  9ttemanb  bemerft  Ijatte,  auf  ben  %tf<$),  ergriff  ben  armen 
SSogel  unb  mar  mit  ibm  au§  bem  offenen  genfter  fymau§,  efye  man 
rect)t  mufcte,  ma§  gefdfyefyen  mar. 


@in  unb  breifttgfte  Seftion. 

355.    EQUIVALENTS  OF  ENCLISH  PRESENT  PARTICIPLE 
AND  VERBAL  NOUN  IN  in£. 

$teien  SRorgen  fanb  id)  mcinen  tragen  ©ruber,  ottftatt  ju 
ftubieren,  im  $ctt  Hegen  unb  tin  93ud)  lefen,  ba§  nidjrl  oil 
ttlfcente  Wnefboten  cntfjicli.  5110  cr  mid)  fa),  ^brte  cr  foglctd) 
auf  $u  lefen  unb  mad)te  e§  fadjenb  $u,  jcbod)  augcttiajemltdj  fe* 
gcrlid)  bariiocr,  bafj  taj  iljn  mit  cittern  foldjen  83ud)  in  ber  §anb 


AND  VERBAL  NOUN  IN  iflg.  239 

entbetfte.  $a  tdj  bag  Ccfctt  folder  (fa$$im%m  a(0  tin  Sets 
jrfjttjcnfccu  ber  ;{cit  anfefje,  jo  naljm  trf)  tfjtn  bag  ©ltd)  toeg  tmb 
icftanb  barmtf,  bag  rr  jog(cirf)  aufftcfjc  unb  mit  fctucn  Stubtcn 
fortfafjrc,  inbem  trf)  tfjm  jcborfj  berforadj,  tfjm  cin  Uttterljatteits 
be§  unb  ju  gletdjer  Sett  nityHdjcS  S3uaj  ju  fetljett,  itadjbem  cr 
bte  tljm  ban  feiiten  Se^rctn  gcgcbcnc  ftrbett  kettbtgt  §abe. 

This  morning  I  found  my  lazy  brother,  instead  of  study- 
ing, lying  in  bed  and  reading  a  book  containing  nothing  but 
silly  anecdotes.  On  seeing  me,  he  immediately  ceased  read- 
ing and  closed  it  laughing,  yet  evidently  annoyed  at  my  dis- 
covering him  with  such  a  book  in  his  hand.  Considering 
the  reading  of  such  tales  as  a  waste  of  time,  I  took  the  book 
irom  him  and  insisted  upon  his  directly  getting  up  and  pro- 
ceeding with  his  studies,  promising,  however,  to  lend  him  an 
entertaining  and  at  the  same  time  useful  book,  after  he  had 
finished  the  work  set  him  by  his  masters. 

356.    A.  —  The  Infinitive  with  or  without  ju. 

1.  @r  fyorie  cmf  §u  lefert,  he  ceased  reading. 

2.  <5te  fonnte  ntcfyt  uml)m  $u  roeirten,  she  could  not  help  weep- 
ing. 

3.  2Bir  fcermtebert  mit  tfynen  ^ufommer^utreffen,  we  avoided 
meeting  them. 

4.  3$  fanb  memert  SBruber  im  Sett  liegen/  I  found  my 
brother  lying  in  bed. 

5.  £)ie  §offmmg,  fcelofynt  §u  werben,  the  hope  of  being 
rewarded. 

6.  £)ie  $uxtf)t,  fein  ©elb  $u  fcerlieren,  the  fear  of  losing  his 
money. 

7.  @r  fcfyltef,  anftatt  gu  ftubieren,  he  was  sleeping  instead  of 
studying. 

1  For  the  verbs  followed  by  the  infinitive  without  jtt,  see  page  90,  note  3, 


240    EQUIVALENTS  OF  ENGLISH  PRESENT  PARTICIPLE 


8.  ©ie  rebeten  mia)  an,  ofyne  mid)  §u  fennen,  they  addressed 
me  without  knowing  me. 

9.  gcfy  Beftanb  barauf,  aufjuftefyen,  /  insisted  upon  getting 
up. 

10.  @r  fpracfy  bafcon,  einen  23abeort  $u  befudjen,  he  spoke  of 
visiting  a  bathing-place. 

357.  Observe  that  (1)  in  the  first  four  examples  the  German  uses 
the  infinitive  dependent  upon  a  verb;  (2)  in  the  fifth  and  sixth,  the  in- 
finitive dependent  upon  a  noun  1 ;  (3)  in  the  seventh  and  eighth,  the 
infinitive  dependent  on  the  prepositions  anftdtt  and  oljne;  (4)  in  the 
ninth  and  tenth,  the  infinitive  anticipated  by  fott  compounded  with  a  pre- 
position. 

358.  B. —  A  Clause  introduced  by  oljttc  bttjj,  or  ba$. 

1.  ©ie  rebeten  mid)  an,  oFme  bag  id;  fie  fannte,  they  addressed 
me  without  my  knowing  them. 

2.  3$  bcftanb  barauf,  bag  mein  SBruber  aufftefye,  /  insisted 
upon  7ny  brother's  getting  up. 

3.  <Sie  fpra$en  bafcon,  bag  fie  nacfy  SBien  gefyen  roofften,  they 
spoke  of  their  wanting  to  go  to  Vienna. 

4.  2Bir  fyorten,  bag  er  ©olbat  geraorben  roar,  we  heard  of  his 
having  become  a  soldier. 

350.     Observe  (1)  that  in  the  above  examples  1  and  2  differ  from 

8  and  9  in  356,  only  in  this,  that  the  subject  of  the  dependent  clause  in 

the  English  is  not  the  same  as  that  of  the  leading  verb;  (2)  that  in  the 

last  two  examples  the  clause  introduced  by  fooft  represents  a  possessive 

•  adjective  and  a  participle. 

360.    C. —  A  Clause  introduced  by  aU,  nattjbem,  cfje, 
ttJCtl,  bo,  iiibcm,  and  other  Conjunctions. 

1.  2113  er  mid)  fafy,  fyorte  er  auf  $u  lefen,  on  seeing  me,  he 
ceased  reading. 

1  A  verbal  noun  used  as  a  sub-  German  by  the  infinitive.  See 
ject  or  object  is  also  rendered  into       360,  4. 


AND  VERBAL  NOUN  IN  iflg.  241 

2.  9tacfybem  er  fetne  Slrbeit  beenbigt  fyatte,  macfyte  er  einen 
©pagierritt,  after  finishing  his  work,  he  took  a  ride. 

3.  @I)e  tcfy  bie  <Stabt  tterlaffe,  toerbe  icfy  ©ie  befucfyen,  &^r<? 
leaving  town,  I  will  call  upon  you. 

4.  SBeil  tcfy  ba§  Sefen  eine§  folcfyen  SBucfye^  aU  eine  3C^5 
fcerfcfytoenbung  anfe^e,  nafym  id)  e3  ifym  toeg,  considering  the 
reading  of  such  a  book  a  waste  of  time,  I  took  it  away  from 
him. 

5.  3)  a  ba3  SSaffer  tyutc  9ftorg,en  gefroren  ift,  fo  muft  e3  in  ber 
9^acf)t  fefyr  fait  getoefen  fein,  //z^  water  being  frozen  this  morning, 
it  must  have  been  very  cold  in  the  night. 

6.  gnbem  fair  anbere  iiberreben,  iiberreben  tt>ir  im§  felbft,  by 
persuading  others,  we  persuade  ourselves. 

361.  Observe  that  in  the  above  examples  the  participial  form 
expresses  time,  cause,  reason,  or  manner,  and  that  in  all  such  cases  the 
German  requires  a  full  and  distinct  statement  in  the  form  of  a  dependent 
clause. 

362.  D.  —  A  Relative  Clause. 

1.  ©in  SBudj,  ba§  nid)i3  entfyalt  al$  alberne  ©rjafylungen,  a 
book  containing  nothing  but  silly  tales. 

2.  (Sin  $ater,  ber  feme  $tnber  liebt,  a  father  loving  his 
children. 

3.  @in  9Jlann,  ber  jebermann  (&utt$  tfyut,  a  man  doing  good 
to  everybody. 

363.  Note.  —  It  should  be  observed  that  in  place  of  such  descript- 
ive relative  clauses  the  German  may  freely  use  both  the  present  and  the 
past  participle  with  their  adjuncts  as  qualifying  adjectives1: 

1.  @in  nid)t§  al8  albeme  (Srgafylungen  entfyaltenbeS  93ud&. 

2.  @in  fetne  ®inber  Uebenber  3Sater. 

3.  (Sin  in  eine  @<fe  be§  ©arten£  ge^flan^ter  SBaum. 

4.  (Sine  ifym  Don  bem  Sefyrer  gegebene  Arbeit. 


1  This  compression  of  a  clause       quent  and  interesting  analogies  in 
into  an  adjective  modifier  has  fre-      Greek. 


242  EQUIVALENTS  OF  ENGLISH  PRESENT  PARTICIPLE,  ETC. 

364.  SUtfgabe. 

I.1  He  lent  me  a  book  containing  many  tales.  2.  If  they 
had  been  amusing,2  I  should  have  read  them  all;  but  I  found 
them  so  silly  that,  after  having  read  one  or  two,  I  laid  the 
book  aside.  3.1  The  umbrella  standing  in  the  corner  belongs 
to  my  sister,  and  the  one  lying  on  the  chest  of  drawers 
belongs  to  my  cousin.  4.  Lying  in  bed3  and  reading  is  a 
very  bad  habit,  particularly  for  young  people.  5.  I  found 
him  wasting  his  time  by4  the  reading  of  silly  anecdotes.  6. 
Having  promised  to  lend  him  some  useful  and  at  the  same 
time5  amusing  books,  I  was  obliged  to  keep  my  promise. 
7.  I  could  not  help6  laughing  when  I  found  him  lying  on  his 
sofa  and  sleeping.  8.  Get  up  and  proceed  with  your  studies, 
or  you  will  make  no  progress,  and  I  cannot  be  proud  of  your 
being7  my  pupil.  9.  Avoid  reading  light  books  before  having 
finished  the  lessons  set8  you  by  your  teachers. 

10.  He  went  through  the  streets  of  the  town  gaping9  at  all 
the  people  passing  by.  11.  Dr.  O.,  our  physician,  insists 
upon  my  father's  going10  to  some  bathing-place  this  summer, 
his  health  being  anything  but11  good.  12.  Therefore  I  can- 
not stay  much  longer  in  this  place,  but  must  return  home,  my 
father  depending12  upon  my  replacing13  him  in  the  counting- 
house.  13.  When  I  saw  people  gambling  away  their  money,  I 
could  not  help  thinking  what  a  deal  of  good14  they  might  have 
done15  with  it.  14.  The  fear  of  losing  his  good  name  among 
his  fellow-students  prevented  him  from  acting  differently. 

15.  Before  going  to  bed,  you  ought16  to  offer  up  your 
prayers   to  God   and   thank   him   for   having   preserved  you 

1  Translate  in  two  ways.  9  Say  " and  gaped" 

2  See  87,  1,  first  part.  I0  Use  the  subjunctive. 

3  tm  S3ctt  ju  licgen.  "  anything  but,  bureaus  nto)t. 

4  ittf  mtt,  or  intent.  12  depending,  ba  • .  >  ftdj  tjcrlafet. 

5  ju  glcittjcr  3cit  I3  tofe  erfefcen . . .  toerbe. 

6  For  the  idiom,  see  356,  2.  u  tote  tJtel  ©tttefl. 

7  barauf  •  •  •  baft,  see  358,  2.  IS  Be  mindful  of  the  order. 

8  Use  geben.     See  362  and  363.  I6  Use  the  imperfect. 


READING   LESSONS. 


243 


from1  all  evil  during  the  day.  16.  What  in  all  the  world 
could  induce  this  young  man  to  give  up  his  good  situation 
and  go  to  America  ?  17.  I  cannot  tell  you ;  I  only  know  that 
he  left  without  having  received2  his  father's  consent  — 
without  his  father  having  given 2  his  consent.  18.  On  paying 
us  his  last  visit  he  bade  us  good-bye,  laughing  and  joking. 
19.  He  bought  a  picture,  painted3  by  a  well-known  artist, 
representing  a  boy  sitting  between  the  branches  of  a  cherry- 
tree  and  stealthily  enjoying  the  juicy  cherries.  20.  The 
empire  conquered 3  by  Alexander  the  Great  fell  to  pieces  after 
his  death,  there  being  no  heir  who  could  have  kept  the  whole 
together.  21.  "The  Robbers,"  a  work  written4  by  Schiller  in 
his  youth,  does  not  rank6  so  high  as  his  plays  written  in 
later  years. 


365. 


Qev  (JBtelattf* 

[To  be  read  and  committed  to  memory.] 


2)er  @ee  ift  jugefroreu 
Unb  l)dlt  fdjon  feinen  2ftann. 
2)ie  33ahn  ift  luie  em  (Spiegel 
Unb  gtanjt  un6  freunbttd)  an. 
2)a8  ^Setter  ift  fo  tjeiter, 
2)ie  ©onne  jdjeint  fo  hell. 
2Ber  null  mit  mir  ins  greie? 
2Beriftmein2ftitgefeE? 

£)a  ift  nidjt  Diet  gu  fragen  ; 
2Ber  mit  mitt,  macht  fid)  ouf : 
SBir  gehn  htnang  tn§  grrie, 
§tnans  jjum  @d)ltttfdmbtanf. 
2BaS  fiimmert  un8  bic  flalte? 
35a§  fiimmert  un8  ber  ©cbnee? 
SSir  molten  ©djlittfdjufj  fanfen 
SBohl  anf  bent  blan!en  @ee. 


£>a  finb  mir  ait3gesogen 
3«t  (SiSbabn  aljobatb 
Unb  haben  un§  am  Ufer 
2)ie  @d)ltttid)uh/  angefcfonallt. 
2)a3  mar  ein  tuftig  £eben 
3m  tjellen  @onnenglan$ ! 
3Bir  brebten  un§  nnb  fdjmebten 
8(6  mar's  ein  ^eigentanj. 

9ta  ift  oorbei  ber  SBinter, 
SBorbei  ift  ©cfinee  unb  (5i§ ; 
(£8  finb  bte  SBanm'  im  ©arten 
3e£t  nur  Don  SSliiten  toeifc. 
®odj  aud)  in  meinen  £rcinmen 
SRuf  id)  nod)  oft :  „3nd)I)e ! 
flommt,  te§t  un«  @d)tittfd)nl)  Jaufen 
2Boht  anf  bem  blanfen  @ee  V* 

Hoffmann  Don  galterStebert. 


1  See  316,  4,  sixth  example. 
8  See  356,  8,  and  358,  1, 


3  Translate  in  two  ways. 

4  Read  again  363.     6  Use  fl.ljen. 


244  READING   LES.SONS. 

366.  D*t?  ftitnbljiiftc  frdtntnevbtixxtv* 

griebric^  fyatte,  luie  e§  oft  bet  ifym  ber  gall  roar,  anfyaltenb 
unb  exfrig  gearbeitet,  unb  bie  9Jtttternad)t§ftunbe  traf  Urn  nod)  am 
<Bd)reibtifd).  £)er  $ammerbtener  §eife,  ber  Iangjafyrig  treu  bem 
$bnige  gcbient  i)attt  unb  fetn  boiled  SBertrauen  befafj,  tfyn  aber 
aud)  innig  liebte  unb  ifym  gan$  ergeben  roar,  burfte  fid;  gegen 
feinen  fbnigltdjen  §erm  fdjon  tttoaZ  erlauben,  roa3  ein  anberer 
ma)t  roagen  burfte,  unb  trat  je£t  in,ba§  fbniglia^e  Slrbeit^immer 
unb  fagte  bittenb :  „9ftajeftdt,  eg  §at  bte  9Jlttternad)t§ftunbe  bereitS 
gefd)lagen.  Surer  9)tajeftdt  teure  ©efunbfyeit  forbert  bod;  ana) 
etntge  $Riidfid)t.    6ie  bebiirfen  ber  Sftufye !" 

„®xl  fyat  $Red;t,  £etfe,"  fagte  ber  $bnig ;  „aber  \a)  fyaht  eine 
fefyr  roid)tige  unb  brtngltdje  Arbeit.  SBenn  id)  je£t  §u  93ette  gefyen 
foil,  fo  mujj  @r  mid)  fpateften£  friil>  urn  4  Ufyr  roieber  roeden.  3a) 
roerbe  bann  noa)  fa)ldfrig  fein,  nid)t  aufftefyen  roollen,  unb  3fyn 
roieber  roegfd)iden ;  aber  id;  befefyle  3#m,  fid)  nid)t  abroeifen  ju 
laffen,  unb  ermdd)tige  Sfyn,  im  %a\lt  ber  ^Betgerung,  mir  bie  23ett= 
bede  meg^ujie^n.    §brt  @r  ?  —  S3etm  SSerlufte  metner  ©nabe  I" 

„23erbe  pimftlia;  Surer  -Jflajeftat  33efel)I  ausfitfyren!"  mar 
£>eife§  2lntroort  unb  ber  $bnig  begab  fid)  gur  SRufye. 

TO  bem  dHodenfa)lag  oier  trat  ber  treue  unb  furdbtlofe  Wiener 
in  ba£  fbniglicfye  ©djlafgemaa;.  @r  fafy  ben  geltebten  §errn  ttef, 
feft  unb  ftifj  fd)lafen,  unb  e§  ging  il)m  an  bie  ©eele,  biefen  ©cfylaf 
gu  ftoren ;  attein,  eingebenf  be3  ftrengen  23efel;l§,  medte  er  ben 
$bnig  mit  lauter  Stimme,  unb  aU  biefer  bie  Slugen  offnete,  fagte 
er:  „@3  ift  mir  leib  geioorben.  %a)  mug  noa;  jroet  (Stunben 
fcfylafen.  $omm'  @r  urn  6  Ufyr  roieber  !«  Unb  al3  §eife  gbgerte, 
fe^te  er  fyeftig  binju :  „^lnn  aber  fort,  jum  dimmer  fyinauS  !" 

„©eine  2ftajeftdt  ber  $bnig  iron  ^}reuf$en  fyat  mir,  bem  $ammer= 
biener  §eife,  befofylen,  il)n  fyeute  <$d)Iag  4  Ufyr  $u  roeden  bei 


1  This  mode  of  addressing  ser-  become  nearly  obsolete.  How  is 
vants,  by  the  use  of  the  personal  it  to  be  accounted  for  ?  See  also 
pronouns  of  the  third  person,  has      remark  on  till,  11. 


READING   LESSONS.  245 


SSerluft  ber  fonigli^en  ©nabe.  2)em  $onige  mufc  id)  gefyorcfyen, 
unh  bie  afferfyodjfte  ©nabe  $u  uerlieren,  roare  mein  £ob,"  fagte 
§eife  rufyig  unb  ernft,  unb  blieb  an  feiner  ©eite  ftef^en.  „dx 
l;ort'3  ja,  icfy  mitt  nid)t,"  rief  ber  $omg. 

„Gure  Sftajeftat  muff  en,"  fpraa)  §eife,  „ber  ®dnig  fyaVZ  be= 
fofylen ;  ja,  noa;  mefyr,  ber  $bmg  fyat  befofylen,  im  2Beigerung§fatte 
bie  £)etfe  meg^iefyen  I"  —  Unb  er  jog  bie  3)ecfe  bem  ^onige  meg. 

„3>em  $onige  mufj  man  gefyorajen,  ba3  ift  ritfjtig,"   fpraa) 

$riebrid)  unb  ftanb  auf ;  al£  er  ftct)  aber,  nod)  oollig  fdfylaftrunfen, 

ftrecfte  unb  gabnte,  rief  er  au3 :   „%fy  ©ott,  ware  id)  boa;  ein 

$rieg§rat  gemorben  I" 

&  O.  o.  Jporu. 


APPENDIX. 


This  appendix  contains  — 

a.  Exceptions  to  the  rules  for  the  declension  of  nouns,  and  supple- 
mentary lists;  b.  Paradigm  of  a  weak  (or  regular)  verb  in  the  active  and 
passive  voices;  c.  Paradigm  of  a  strong  verb;  d.  Paradigms  of  the 
auxiliary  verbs  of  tense  and  mode;  e.  An  alphabetical  list  of  strong 
and  mixed  verbs. 


EXCEPTIONS  AND  SUPPLEMENTARY  LISTS. 


367.  The  following  masculines  of  the  strong  declension, 
first  class,  modify  the  vowel  of  the  root  to  form  the  plural 
(see  122):  — 


tex%dtx,  field. 
ber  2lpfei,  apple. 
ber  S3 o ben,  bottom. 
ber  SBruber,  brother. 
ber  gflben,  thread. 
ber  @dXttX\,  garden. 

ber  ©raben,  ditch. 

ber  §afett,  harbor. 

ber  §ammel,  wether. 
ber  ,'pammer,  ham-  ) 
mer.  ) 

ber  Apanbet,  affair. 


bte  f  cfer. 
bie  tpfel. 
bie  SBoben. 
bie  23riiber. 
bie  gaben. 
bie  ©arten. 
bie  ©raberu 
bie  £afen. 
bie  §ammeU 

bie  §ammer. 
bie  £anbet. 


ber  £abert,  shop. 
ber  SJftantel,  cloak. 
ber  9cabei,  navel. 
ber  *ftaget,  nail. 
ber  Dfen,  stove. 
ber  ©ctttei,  saddle. 
ber  @d)aben,  injury. 
ber  ©chnabcl,  &*#£. 
ber  ©chroager,  brother- 

in-law. 
ber  33ater,/a//^r. 
ber  SBogel,  3/W. 


bie  £aben. 
bie  aWantct. 
bte  9?abet.2 
bie  9Mget. 
bte  ©fen. 
bie  ©attef. 
bie  ©cfociben. 
bie  ©cbnabel. 

-bie@chroager. 

bie  SBater. 
bie  SSogel. 


368.  The  following  nouns  have  the  characteristics  of  the 
strong  declension,  first  class,  in  the  singular,  but  form  the 
plural  like  weak  nouns  (see  123,  1)  :  — 


Nominative. 
ber  %5a\ltx,  peasant. 
ber  ®tX><XtttX,  god-father. 


Genitive. 

beg  93auer«. 
be§  ©euatters. 


PLURAL. 


bte  SBauern. 
bie  ©euattern. 


Also  §amme(. 


»  Also  9laW, 


247 


248 


EXCEPTIONS    AND    SUPPLEMENTARY    LISTS. 


Nominative. 

ber  §aber,  rag. 
ber  £orbeer,  laurel. 
ber  2Jht§fet,  muscle. 
ber  9cad)bar,  neighbor. 
ber  ^antoffet,  slipper. 
ber  ©tacfyet,  j//«^-. 
bcr  ©tiefet,  ^/. 
ber  better,  cousin. 


Genitive. 

bt§  §aber8. 
be§  £orbeer8. 
be8  9ftu§fet§. 
be8  9?acf)bar«. 
be§  ^antoffets. 
beg  ©tadjets. 
beg  ©tiefets. 
beg  betters. 


bie  £>abern. 
bie  i'orbecren. 
bte  SJtuSfeht. 
bie  sJtad)barn. 
bie  ^antoffctn.1 
bie  ©tadjefn. 
bie  ©tiefetn.2 
bie  SBettern. 


369.  The  following  monosyllabic  masculines  of  the  strong 
declension,  second  class,  do  not  modify  the  vowel  in  the 
plural  (see  124)  :  — 


SINGULAR. 

ber  Stat,  eel. 
ber  Star,  eagle. 
ber  Slrm,  arm. 
ber  93orn,  "well. 
ber  2)od)t,  wick. 
ber  2)otd),  dagger. 
ber  2)om,  dome. 
ber  2)rucf ,  pressure. 
ber  ©rab,  degree. 
ber  ©urt,  £-*>//*. 
ber  £atm,  blade  of 

grass. 
ber  §aud),  breath. 
ber  £uf,  >^^ 
ber  £unb,  ^. 
ber  $orf,  ;w£. 
ber  £acf)§,  salmon. 
ber  ?acf,  varnish. 
ber  £aut,  sound. 
ber  2ud)§,  (j/»*. 


bie  Stale, 
bie  Stare, 
bie  Strme. 
bie  33orne. 
bie  2)od)te. 
bie  2)otd)e. 
bie  2)ome. 
bie  §)rucfe. 
bie  ©rabe. 
bie  ©urte. 

>  bie  §atme. 

bie  §aucf)e. 
bie  §ufe. 
bie  §unbe. 
bie  $orfe. 
bie  £ad)fe. 
bie  £acfe. 
bie  £aute. 
bie  Shtdjfe. 


SINGULAR. 

ber  9DMd),  salamander. 
ber  3JtO!lb,  moon. 
ber  9ftorb,  murder 
ber  Drt,  //««. 
ber  ^parf,  park. 
ber  9pfab,  /a/^. 
ber  IJSf au,  peacock. 
ber  s#ot,  /<?/<?. 
ber  s.J3utg,  /»/j*. 
ber  ^unft, /<?*'«£ 
ber  ©d)itft,  scamp. 
ber  ©d)in),  j-^. 
ber  ©taar,  starling. 

ber  ©toff,  material. 

ber  ©unb,  xtaad, 
ber  £ag,  akj'. 
ber  £aft,  measure. 
ber  £l)ron,  throne. 

ber  3otl,  ««"A. 


PLURAL. 

bie  9ftold)e. 
bie  3ftonbe. 
bie  9Jtorbe. 
bie  Orte.3 
bie  ^3ar!e. 
bie  ^fabe. 
bie  ^$faue.4 
bie  ^8ole. 
bie  «pnlfc. 
bie  ^Sunfte. 
bie  ©d)itfte< 
bie  ©cf)ut)e. 
bie  ©tanve. 
bie  ©toffe. 
bie  ©unbe. 
bie  Stage, 
bie  Safte. 
bie  Stfjrone. 
bie  3°Ue. 


370.  The  following  nouns  have  the  characteristics  of  the 
strong  declension,  second  class,  in  the  singular,  but  form 
the  plural  like  weak  nouns  (125,  1):  — 


1  Also  ^antoffel. 
J  Also  Stiefel. 


8  Also  Drier. 
*  Also  $fauen. 


EXCEPTIONS    AND    SUPPLEMENTARY    LISTS. 


249 


SINGULAR. 

Nominative. 
ber  2It)ll,  ancestor. 

ber  £>orn,  thorn. 

ber  ®anf  district. 

ber  SJiaft,  #*#.$•/. 
ber  @d)mer3,  pain. 
ber  @ee,  /a<&?. 
ber  ©porn,  spur. 
ber  ©taat,  state. 
ber  ©trabi,  r«y. 
ber  ©trauft,  ostrich. 
ber  ,3inS,  interest. 


I.  MASCULINES. 

Genitive. 

besides, 
beg  2)orne3. 
beg  ©aueg. 
beg  9ftafteg. 
beg  ©cfymerjeg. 
beg  ©eeg. 
beg  @porneg. 
beg  ©taateg. 
beg  @traf)teg. 
beg  ©traufteg. 
beg  3infeg. 


bie  3Hjnett. 
bie  ^Dornen.1 
bie  ©auen.2 
bie  Soften, 
bie  ©rfjmergen. 
bie  ©eeiu 
bie  @bornen. 
bie  (Staaten. 
bie  (Straiten, 
bie  ©traufcen.3 
bie  3infen. 


SINGULAR. 


Nominative. 

bag  s2litge,  eye. 
bag  Sett,  bed. 
bag  (Snbc,  *?«</. 
bag  §emb,  «£&?. 
bag  §erj,  £«?;-/. 
bag  3nfeft,  insect. 
bag  Ofyr,  «r. 


2.  NEUTERS. 

Genitive. 

beg  sIugeg. 
beg  33etteg. 
beg  (Snbeg. 
beg  §embeg. 
beg  ^erjettg. 
beg  3nfefteg. 
beg  £>l)reg. 


bie  9uigen. 
bie  23etten. 
bie  Gmben. 
bie  §emben. 
bie  §cqen. 
bie  Snjeften. 
bie  £%en. 


371.  The  following  monosyllabic  feminines,  form  their 
plural  like  the  second  class  of  the  strong  declension  (see 
125,2):  — 


SINGULAR. 


bie  9lngft,  anguish. 
bie  2(rt,  axe. 
bie  23atlf,  bench. 
bie  23raut,  bride. 
bie  93ritft,  breast. 
bie  ffau\t,Jist. 
bie  ^V\l6)t,  fruit. 


bie  5tngfte. 
bie  $rte. 
bie  S3an!e. 
bie  SBraute. 
bie  SBriifte. 
bie  ^aufte. 
bie  ^riicfyte. 


SINGULAR. 

bie  ©artg,  goose. 
bie  ©ruft,  grave. 
bie  §atlb,  hand. 
bie  §aut,  skin. 
bie  $tuft,  <•/<?//. 
bie  $raft,  strength. 
bie  $ufj,  <-<?«;. 


PLURAL. 

bie  ©anfe. 
bie  ©riifte. 
bie  §cinbe. 
bie  £>aute. 
bie  ttiifte. 
bie  $rafte. 
bie  #ul)e. 


1  Also  Corner.  2  Also  ©aue. 

8  Also  Straufce ;  not  to  be  confounded 


with  Straufc,  nosegay,  which  has  the  plu- 
rals ©traufje  and  Strciufeer. 


250 


EXCEPTIONS    AND    SUPPLEMENTARY    LISTS. 


SINGULAR. 

bie  $unft,  art. 
bie  2aug,  louse. 
bie  £uft,  air. 
bie  ?uft,  desire. 
bie  SJiadjt, power. 
bie  9Jiagb,  maid-ser- 
vant. 
bie  Sftaug,  mouse, 
bit  yiafyt,  night. 


bie  #unfte. 
bie  £aufe. 
bie  £iifte. 
bie  £iifte. 
bie  2Rfidjte. 
bie  9ttagbe. 

bie  9JMufe. 
bie  S'Mdjte. 


SINGULAR. 

bie  9^a^t,  seam. 
bie  9£ot,  »«</. 
bie  9?uj3,  «»a 
bie  ©ail,  j^z£/. 
bie  ©d)nur,  string. 
bie  ©tabt,  «#>. 
bie  SBanb,  «w//. 
bie  SSlirft,  sausage. 
bie  3unf^  #w*W. 


bie  9?at)te. 
bie  9£5te. 
bie  ftiiffe. 
bie  ©ciue. 
bie  ©djniire. 
bie  ©tabte. 
bie  SBanbe. 
bie  SBurjfc. 
bie  ,3imfte. 


372.  The  following  monosyllabic  neuters  are  of  the  strong 
declension,  second  class,  but  do  not  modify  the  vowel  in  the 
plural  (see  124,  125,  3):  — 


SINGULAR. 

bag  SBeil,  hatchet. 

PLURAL. 

bie  23cile. 

SINGULAR. 

bag  tyaCLVfpair. 

PLURAL. 

bie  ^aare. 

bag  33ein,  leg. 

bie  Seine. 

bag  $ferb,  horse. 

bie  $ferbe. 

bag  23oot,  boat. 

bie  33oote. 

bag  ^mb,  pound. 

bie  ^pfunbe. 

bag  33rob,  bread. 

bie  35robe. 

bag  fftedr)t,  r^-4/. 

bie  9ied)te. 

bag  2)ing,  thing. 

bie  £)inge. 

bag  Sfteid),  kingdom. 

bie  SReicfye. 

bag  (Sq,  brass. 

bie  (Srje, 

bag  9iol)r,  *r«£ 

bie  9fot)re. 

bag  faU,  shin. 

bie  ^ette. 

bag  9iofj,  £*n*. 

bie  SRoffe. 

ba&  ©ift,  poison. 

bie  ©ifte. 

bag  ©alj,  j«/a 

bie  ©atge. 

bag  £>aar,  hair. 

bie  £>aare. 

bag  ©djaf,  jA^. 

bie  ©tfjafe. 

bag  §eer,  army. 

bie  £>eere. 

bag  ©tfjiff,  -&*#. 

bie  ©djiffe. 

bag  §eft,  exercise-book 

bie  §efte. 

bag  ©djtuein,//^. 

bie  ©cfyroeine. 

ba8  Satyr,  jj/<rar. 

bie  3al)re. 

bag  ©eil,  r^. 

bie  ©eile. 

bag  3odj,  j^<?. 

bie  3todje. 

bag  ©piet,//ay. 

bie  ©piele. 

bag  $nie,  £«<^. 

bie  Mee. 

bag  £ier,  animal. 

bie  Xiere. 

bag  2o8,  A»/. 

bie  Safe. 

bag  Sfyor,  £-<zte. 

bie  Stfyore. 

bag  2Jieer,  ocean. 

bie  9tteere. 

bag  SB  erf,  w^ri. 

bie  SBerfe. 

bag  9?c£,  «<?/. 

bie  -fte^e. 

bag  3iet,  #*#*• 

bie  ,3telc. 

373.  The  following  six  neuters  beginning  with  the  prefix 
ge  are  of  the  strong  declension,  third  class,  being  exceptions 
to  125,  4.     (See  127,  4.) 


SINGULAR. 


Nominative. 
bag  ©emad),  apartment. 
bag  ©emiit,  mind, 
bag  ©efd)ted)t,  sex. 
bag  ©eficfyt,/^. 


Genitive. 

beg  ©cmacfyeg. 
beg  ©emuteg. 
beg  ©efdjlcdjtes. 
beg  ©eftdjteg. 


bie  ©emadjer. 
bie  ©emitter, 
bie  ©efdjledjter. 
bie  ©efid)ter. 


EXCEPTIONS    AND    SUPPLEMENTARY    LISTS. 


251 


bag  ©efpenft,  spectre. 
bag  ©ettmnb,  garment. 


beg  ©efaenfteg. 
beg  ©eroanbeg. 


bte  ©etyenfter. 
bie  ©emtinber. 


374.    The  following  masculines  belong  to  the  third  class 
of  the  strong  declension  (see  127,  1)  :  — 


ber  23ojett)id)t,  villain. 

ber  ©eift,  spirit. 
bcr  ©ott,  God. 
ber  %tih,  body. 
ber  9ftann,  man. 


bie23oferuicf^ 

ter.» 
bie  ©eifter. 
bie  ©otter. 
bie  i'eiber. 
bie  9ft tinner. 


ber  9tanb,  edge.  bie  9icinber. 

ber  $ormttnb, guar- )  bie  SBorntim* 

dian.  '       ber. 

ber  2Mb,  forest.        bie  SSalber. 
ber  2Burm,  worm,     bie  SBiirmer. 


375.    The   following   fifty  neuters   belong  to   the  strong 
declension,  third  class  (see  127,  2)  :  — 


SINGULAR. 

bag  21  Cl§,  carcase. 
bag  Stmt,  office. 
bag  33ab,  bath. 
bag  33anb,  ribbon. 
bag  93tlb,  picttire. 

bag  SBtatt,  leaf. 

bag  23rett,  board. 

bag  SBncf),  book. 
bag  2)acf),  roof. 
bag  £>orf,  village. 
bag  (Si,  egg. 
bag  $&&),  compart- 
ment. 
bag  $a%  cask. 
bQg  ^db,  field. 
bag  ©etb,  money. 
bag  ©lag,  ,^/aj-j-. 
bag  ©lieb,  //w^. 
bag  ©rab,  grave. 
bag  ©rag,  grass. 
bag  ©nt,  <f^a^. 
bag  £>au£t,  head. 
bag  Jpatlg,  house. 


bie  Stfer. 
bie  Stmter. 
bie  SBaber. 
bie  33anber.2 
bie  53tlber. 
bie  flatter, 
bte  SSretter. 
bie  53iid)er. 
bie  ©adjer. 
bie  SDbrfer. 
bie  (Sier. 

>  bie  $:acf)er. 

bie  gaffer* 

bie  $elber. 
bie  ©etber. 
bie  ©tafer. 
bie  ©tieber. 
bie  ©raber. 
bie  ©rafer. 
bie  ©liter, 
bie  ^anpter. 
bte  £>aufer. 


SINGULAR. 

bag  §otj,  wood. 
bag  §orn,  horn. 
bag  §vb)Vi,fowl. 
bag  $alb,  calf. 
bag  Jttnb,  rA#£ 

bag  $teib,  garment. 
bag  $om,  grain. 
bag  tout,  -£<?r£. 
bag  £amm,  lamb. 
bag  ?anb,  country. 

bag  Sidjt,  /*^/. 
bag  Sieb,  song. 
bag  £od),  /fo/<?. 
bag  Sftaitf,  mouth. 
bag  5fteft,  «j/. 
bag  ^aub,  pledge. 
bag  9?ab,  wheel. 
bag  9^eig,  /a/^. 
bag  9iinb,  cattle. 
bag  @d)Ub,  j/^-«-     ) 
board.  S 

bag  ©djtoft,  /<w&. 
bag  ©cfytoert,  sword. 


PLURAL. 

bie  £6l^cr. 
bie  §5rner. 
bte  £>iil)ncr. 
bie  $alber. 
bie  tober. 
bie  fleiber. 
bie  Corner, 
bie  $rauter. 
bte  hammer, 
bie  £cinber.3 
bie  2id)ter.4 
bie  tieber. 
bie  Sodjer. 
bte  hauler, 
bie  defter, 
bie  ^Pfanber. 
bie  Diaber. 
bie  heifer, 
bie  9iinber. 

bie  @d)ttber. 

bie  ©cfyloffer. 
bie  ©tfjtucrtcr. 


1  But  more  commonly  23ofenud)te. 
8  Also  Scmbe,  ties. 


3  Also  Sanbc. 

4  Also  Sidjte,  candles. 


252 


NOUNS    IRREGULARY   DECLINED. 


SINGULAR. 


Dag  ©ttft,  charitable  \  ^  @t^ter^i 

foundation.  ) 

bag  £f)at,  valley.         bie  SLljaler.2 
bag  £nd),  doth.  bie  Sucker.3 


SINGULAR. 

bag  SBolf,  people. 
bag  2Beib,  woman. 
bag  2£ort,  wr*/. 


bie  Golfer. 
bie  iSetber. 
bie  28bvtcr.4 


376.  The  following  masculine  nouns  in  c,  which  formerly 
ended  in  en,  are  classed  with  weak  nouns,  but  in  the  genitive 
singular  they  add  the  strong  termination  £  to  the  weak  ter- 
mination in  n  (see  130,  2)  :  — 


Nominative. 

bet  %x'\t^i,  peace. 
ber  ^unfe,  spark. 
bcr  %\\$\\ty\t,  footstep. 
ber  ©ebanfe,  thought. 
ber  ©laube,  faith. 
ber  §aufe,  heap. 
ber  9?ame,  name. 
ber  ©ante,  seed. 
ber  @d)abe,  injury. 

ber  SBilte,  will. 


Genitive. 

beg  5r*efren^ 
beg  g-nnfeng. 
beg  gufjftapfeng. 
beg  ©cbanfeng. 
be^  ©laubeng. 
beg  £aufeng. 
beg  9cameng. 
beg  ©ameng. 
beg  ©djabeng. 
beg  2Bitten8. 


Plural. 

bie  ^unfen. 
bie  gnftftapfen. 
bie  ©ebanfen. 
bie  ©tanben. 
bie  §anfen. 
bie  9?amen. 
bie  ©amen, 
bie  ©djabeit. 
no  pi. 


377.    The  following  monosyllabic  masculines  not  ending 
in  e  belong  to  the  weak  declension  (see  130,  3):  — 


SINGULAR. 

ber  93or,  bear. 
ber  thrift,  Christian. 
ber  ^inf ,  finch. 
ber  %VCt\i,  prince. 

ber  ©td,  fop. 
ber  ©raf,  ^««/. 
ber  £>elb,  hero. 
bcr  §err,  master. 


bie  SBtireit. 
bie  ^tjriften. 
bie  gfinfett. 
bie  ^iirften. 
bie  ©ecfen. 
bie  ©rafen. 
bie  £>etben. 
bie  §  err  en. 


SINGULAR. 


ber  §il*t,  herdsman. 
ber  SJJenid),  man. 
ber  Wave,  fool. 

ber  -Ken),  nerve. 
ber  Dd)g,  <7x. 
ber  %K\\\l,  prince. 
ber  £I)or,./W. 


bie  $irten. 
bie  sJJ?eufd)en. 
bie  barren, 
bie  Sftcr&en. 
bie  Od)fcn. 
bie  ^rinjen. 
bie  £l)oren. 


1  Also  ©tifte. 

2  Also  2#ale. 


8  Rarely  %\xi)Z. 

*  Plural  SBorte,  connected  words. 


PARADIGM  OF  A  WEAK  OR  REGULAR  VERB. 


378. 


Solicit,  to  praise. 

Principal  Parts:   lo&en,  lobte,  gelo&t. 

I.    ACTIVE  VOICE. 


Indicative. 


Present. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  lobe,  /  praise,  am  praising,  do 

praise. 
bu  tobft,  thou  praisest. 
er  tobt,  he  praises. 
fair  Kobe!!,  we  praise. 

2.     ,  7      \  you  praise. 
eue  loben, ) 

jte  loben,  they  praise. 


id)  lobte,  I  praised,  was  praising,  did 

praise. 
bit  lobteft,  thou  praisedst. 
er  lobte,  he  praised. 
fair  lobtetl,  we  praised. 
ibr  lobtet,    )        +     ■   j 
lie  Io6ten,  fc*""«f 
jte  lobten,  they  praised. 


id)  faerbe  loben,  I  shall  praise,  shall 

be  praising. 
bu  fairft  \tfazxi,Hkou  wilt  praise. 
er  fairb  loben,  he  will  praise. 
fair  faerben  loben,  we  shall  praise. 

ifir  faerbet  loben,    )  ...  . 

'  „  ,  '     >  you  will  praise. 

@te  faerben  loben, ) 

jte  faerben  loben,  they  will  praise. 


id)  lobe,  I  praise,  or  {that)  I  may 

praise. 
bu  lobeft,  thou  praise. 
er  lofic,  he  praise. 
fair  loben,  we  praise. 
ibr  loBct,   \        . 

J,     „  ^        \  you  praise. 

©te  loben,  I 
fie  loben,  they  praise. 
Imperfect. 

id)  lobte,  I  praised,  or  {that)  I  might 

praise. 
bu  lobteft,  thotc  praised. 
er  lobte,  he  praised. 
fair  lobten,  we  praised. 
i^r  lobtet,    J  youpraisedm 
@ie  lobten, ) 
fie  lobten,  they  praised. 

Future. 

id)  faerbe  loben,  (//*«*)  I  shall  praise. 


bu  tncrticfi  loben,  M^  wilt  praise. 
er  ttJcrtJC  loben,  ^^  will  praise. 
fair  faerben  loben,  w<?  shall  praise. 


ir)r  faerbet  loben,    ) 


jj/^w  will  praise. 


@te  faerben  loben, 

fie  faerben  loben,  they  will  praise. 


Perfect. 


id)  l)abe  gelobt,  I  have  praised,  have 

been  praising. 
bu  I)  a  ft  gelobt,  ^0#  hast  praised. 
tX  fyat  gelobt,  -£*  /fo-r  praised. 


id)  fyabe  gelobt,  /  -£<m?  praised,  or 

{that)  I  may  have  praised. 
bu  tjabeft  gelobt,  //$#«  hast  praised. 
er  fjabf  gelobt,  ^<?  has  praised. 
253 


254   PARADIGM  OF  A  WEAK  OR  REGULAR  VERB. 


Indicative. 


ttrir  fjdbett  getobt,  we  have  praised. 
if)r  Ijctbt  getobt,     \you  have 
©ie  tjaben  getobt,  >  praised. 
fte  Ijabett  gelobt,  they  have  praised. 


Perfect.  Subjunctive. 

ttrir  t)Clben  getobt,  Z£>^  have  praised. 
il)r  Jjttliet  getobt,    )  you  have 
©ie  tjabeu  getobt, )  praised. 
fie  fjabetl  getobt,  they  have  praised. 


Pluperfect. 


id)  fjatte  gefobt,  I  had  praised,  had 

been  praising. 
bu  t)Cltteft  getobt,  thou  hadst praised. 
er  tjatte  gelobt,  ^  had  praised. 
ttrir  fatten  getobt,  w<?  had  praised. 

if)r  ftattet  gelobt,   l^^^W. 

©ie  fatten  getobt, ) 

fie  fatten  getobt,  they  had  praised. 


id)  fytitte  getobt,  /  /$#*/  praised,  or 

(Ma/)  /  might  have  praised. 
bll  tjatteft  getobt,  Mow  hadst  praised. 
er  fyatte  getobt,  >fo  had  praised. 
ttrir  fatten  getobt,  w£  had  praised. 
if>r  ijattet  getobt,    U^^,.^. 
©te  fatten  getobt,  ) 
fie  tjatten  getobt,  they  had  praised. 


Future  Perfect. 


id)  roerbe  getobt  ^oben,  I  shall  have 
praised,  shall  have  been  praising, 
bu  ttrirft  getobt  fyaben. 
er  irtrb  getobt  fyaben. 
ttrir  tnerben  getobt  tjaben. 
it)r  roerbet  getobt  fyaben.    ) 
©te  tnerbeu  getobt  f)abeu.  J 
fie  roerben  getobt  fjaben. 


id)  toerbe  getobt  fyabeu,  (that)  I  shall 
have  praised. 

bu  tuertieft  getobt  f)aben. 
er  toertie  getobt  Ijabtn. 
ttrir  ttierben  getobt  Ijabeu. 
tfyr  tuerbet  getobt  t)abeu.    ) 
©ie  tticrbeu  getobt  tjabeu.  i 
fte  tuerbeu  getobt  tjctbeu. 


First  Conditional. 

id)  ttmrbe  tobeu,  I  should  praise. 

bu  tDlirbeft  (obeu,  thou  wouldst praise. 

er  roiirbe  tobeu,  he  would  praise. 

ttrir  ttriirbeu  tobeu,  we  should  praise. 

il)r  ttriirbet  tobeu,    )        wouidpraise. 

©ie  ttiiirbeu  tobeu, ) 

fte  ttriirbeu  tobeu,  they  would  praise. 

Second  Conditional. 
id)  ttmrbe  getobt  f)abeu,  I  should  have  praised,  etc. 
bu  ttmrbeft  getobt  t)abeu. 
er  luiirbe  getobt  fjaben. 
ttrir  ttriirbeu  getobt  tjabm. 
ifyr  ttriirbet  getobt  Ijabeu.    f 
©ie  tt)iirben  gelobt  fyaben.  S 
fte  ttJiirben  getobt  tjabcti. 


PARADIGM  OF  A  WEAK  OR  REGULAR  VERB. 


255 


Imperative. 

\obt,  praise  thou. 
lobe  er,  let  him  praise. 

loben  nrir,  )    , ,      ,     . 

'  >    let  us  praise. 

lafet  ini§  tobett,    ) 

.     .  '  V  praise  you. 

lobett  @ie,  J 

loben  fie,  let  them  praise. 


Infinitive. 


Present:  lobeit,  to  praise,  to  be  prais- 
ing. 


Present:  lobeitb,  praising. 


Perfect:    gelobt    fjabett,     to  have 
praised,  to  have  been  praising. 


Participles. 

|    Past:  gelobt, praised. 


II.    PASSIVE  VOICE. 


Indicative. 


Present. 


Subjunctive. 


t(f)  tuerbe  gelobt,  I  am  praised,  am 

being  praised. 

bit  ttnrft  gelobt,  thou  art  praised. 

er  ttrirb  gelobt,  he  is  praised.     » 

ttrir  merben  gelobt,  we  are  praised. 

thr  tuerbet  gelobt,  )  .    , 

'  a    „  ,,    >  you  are  Praised. 

©te  toerben  gelobt, ) 

fie  tt)erben  gelobt,  they  are  praised. 


id)   toerbe  gelobt,  I  be  praised,  or 

{that)  I  may  be  praised. 
Oil  ttlCrfocfi  gelobt,  thou  be  praised. 
er  ttJCrtJC  gelobt,  he  be  praised. 

roir  tnerben  gelobt,  we  be  praised. 
ifyr  merbet  gelobt, 
@ie  roerben  gelobt, 

fie  ttJerbetl  gelobt,  they  be  praised. 


\  you  be  Praised. 

t,  v- 


Imperfect. 


id)    ttmrbe   gelobt,   /  was  praised, 

was  being  praised. 
bit  ttmrbeft  gelobt,  thou  wast  praised. 
er  ttmrbe  gelobt,  he  was  praised. 
tt)ir  tt)Urbeil  gelobt,  we  were  praised. 
ifyr  ttmrbet  gelobt,    [you  were 
@ie  ttmrbett  gelobt,  f  praised. 
fie  ttmrbett  gelobt,  they  wtre  praised. 


id)  ttmrbe  gelobt,  I  were  praised,  or 

{that)  I  might  be  praised. 
bit  ttriirbeft  gelobt,  thou  wert praised. 
er  ttmrbe  gelobt,  he  were  praised. 
tt)ir  ttmrbett  gelobt,  we  were  praised. 
ifyr  ttmrbet  gelobt,    \ you  were 
@te  voiirben  gelobt,  S  praised. 
fie  Ittiirbetl  gelobt,  they  were  praised. 


256 


PARADIGM  OF  A  WEAK  OR  REGULAR  VERB. 


Indicative. 


Subjunctive. 


Future. 


id)  ttierbe  gelobt  ttierben,  /  shall  be 
praised. 

bu  nrirft  gelobt  ttierben,  thou  wilt  be 

praised. 
er  ttrirb  gelobt  ttierben,  he  will  be 

praised. 
ttrir  ttierben  gelobt  ttierben,  we  shall 

be  praised. 
ifyr  ttierbet  gelobt  : 

ttierben,  I  you  will  be 

@te  ttierben  gelobt  |    praised. 

ttierben, 
fte  ttierben  gelobt  ttierben,  they  will 

be  praised. 


id)  ttierbe  gelobt  ttierben,  {that)  1 
shall  be  praised. 

bu  toerbeft  gelobt  ttierben,  thou  wilt 

be  praised. 
cr  tocrtie  gelobt  ttierben,  he  will  be 

praised. 
ttrir  ttierben  gelobt  ttierben,  we  shall 

be  praised. 
tin*  ttierbet  gelobt " 

ttierben,  I  you  will  be 

@ie  ttierben  gelobt  f    praisea. 

ttierben, 
fte  ttierben  gelobt  ttierben,  they  will 

be  praised. 


Perfect. 


id)  bin  gelobt  ttiorben,  /  have  been 

praised. 
bu  bift  gelobt  ttiorben,  thou  hast 
been  praised. 

er  ift  gelobt  ttiorben,  he  has  been 

praised. 
ttrir  ftnb  gelobt  ttiorben,  we  have 

been  praised. 
ifjr  feib  gelobt  ~\ 

ttiorben,  I  you  have  been 

©ie  ftnb  gelobt  j        praised. 

ttiorben, 
fte  ftnb  gelobt  ttiorben,  they  have 

been  praised. 


id)  f  ei  gelobt  ttiorben,  {that)  I  have 

been  praised. 
bu  feieft  gelobt  ttiorben,  thou  hast 

been  praised. 
er  fei  gelobt  ttiorben,  he  has  been 

praised. 

voir  feien  gelobt  ttiorben,  we  have 

been  praised. 

tin*  feiet  gelobt  ] 

ttiorben,  !  you  have  been 

©ie  feien  gelobt         praised. 

ttiorben, 
fte  feien  gelobt  ttiorben,  they  have 

been  praised. 


Pluperfect. 


tdj  ttmr  gelobt  ttiorben,  I  had  been 

praised. 

bu  ttiarft  gelobt  ttiorben,  thou  hadst 

been  praised. 

er  ttiar  gelobt  ttiorben,  he  had  been 

praised. 
ttrir  ttiaren  gelobt  ttiorben,  we  had 

been  praised. 


ttf)  ttiare  gelobt  ttiorben,  {that)  I  had 

been  praised. 

bu  mareft  gelobt  ttiorben,  thou  hadst 

been  praised. 
er  ttiare  gelobt  ttiorben,  he  had  been 

praised. 
ttrir  ttiaren  gelobt  ttiorben,  we  had 

been  praised. 


PARADIGM  OF  A  WEAK  OR  REGULAR  VERB. 


257 


Indicative. 


it)r  toaret  gelobt  " 

tuorben,  "  you  had  been 

@ie  hjarcu  gelobt        praised. 

id  orb  en, 
fie  ftmrett  gelobt  toorben,  they  had 

been  praised. 


Subjunctive. 
Pluperfect. 

iljr  ttiaret  gelobt 

roorbett, 
@ie  toaren  gelobt 

toorben, 
fie  toarett  gelobt  roorbett,  they  had 

been  praised. 


you  had  been 
praised. 


Future  Perfect. 


idj  roerbe  gelobt  roorbett  feitt,  I  shall 

have  been  praised. 
bit  roirft  gelobt  roorbett  feitt,  thou 
wilt  have  been  praised,  etc. 


id)  roerbe  gelobt  roorben  feitt,  {that) 
I  shall  have  been  praised. 

bit  tocrocfl  gelobt  roorbett  jein,  thou 
wilt  have  been  praised,  etc. 

First  Conditional. 

id)  roiirbe  gelobt  roerbett,  I  should  be  praised. 

bu  roitrbeft  gelobt  roerben,  thou  wouldst  be  praised,  etc. 

Second  Conditional. 

id)  roiirbe  gelobt  roorbett  feitt,  I  should  have  been  praised. 

bit  tuitrbeft  gelobt  roorbett  feitt,  thou  wouldst  have  been  praised,  etc. 

Imperative. 

.  .      „  ,         '      \    be  thou  praised. 
fet  gelobt,         ) 

roerbe  er  gelobt,  let  him  be  praised. 

roerben  roir  gelobt,  )   ,  .      ,    .     .    , 

„  _ ,  „ "         '  f  let  us  be  praised. 

laftt  mt8  gelobt  roerben,      ) 

roerbet  or  feib  gelobt,  {  ,  .. ".. 

'  ^         „  „  r   be  you  praised. 

roerben  or  fetett  ®te  gelobt,      ) 

roerben  or  feien  fie  gelobt,  let  them  be  praised. 
Infinitive. 


Present:  gelobt  roerben,  to  be  praised. 


Past:  gelobt  X0Ql'bU\.\t\U,  to  have  been 
praised. 


Participles. 


Present:  (jit  lobettb,  to  be  praised, 
occurs  as  adjective  only.) 


Past:  gelobt  roorben,  been  praised. 


PARADIGM  OF  A  STRONG  OR  IRREGULAR  VERB. 


379.  ©efiett,  to  give. 

Principal  Parts:   geben,  gab,  gegeben. 

Subjunctive. 


Indicative. 

id)  gebe,  I  give. 

bu  Qtcfifl,  //&<w  ^ww/. 
er  giebt,  he  gives. 
nrir  geben,  we  give. 

%?tL,\ymgive- 

fie  geben,  they  give. 


id)  gal),  I  gave. 

bU  gabft,  //£#«  gavest. 
er  gab,  he  gave. 
trjir  gaben,  we  gave. 

j5r0abt'   U**»w 

@ie  gaben,  > 

fte  gaben,  they  gave. 


Present. 

id)  gebe,  I  give,  or  (Ma/)  I  may  give, 

etc. 
bu  gebefl,  M<w  £*w. 
er  gebe,  he  give. 
nrir  geben,  we  give. 
tfjr  gebet, 
©te  geben, 
fie  geben,  they  give. 


,\ 


you  give. 


Imperfect. 

id)  gtibc,  I  gave,  or  (££0/)  /  might 

give,  etc. 
bu  gabeft,  Mow  £-az><?. 
er  gabe,  he  gave. 
roir  gaben,  we  gave. 

@ie  gaben, ) 

fte  gaben,  they  gave. 


id)  roerbe  geben,  I  shall  give. 

bu  tnirft  geben,  Ma#  wilt  give,  etc. 


Future. 

id)  roerbe  geben,  (Ma/)  I  shall  give. 
bu  toerbeft  geben,  thou  wilt  give,  etc. 


id)  fjabe  gegeben,  I  have  given. 
bu  fyaft  gegeben,  Mow  hast  given,  etc. 


Perfect. 

id)  fjabe  gegeben,  {that)  I  have  given. 


bu  fyabeft  gegeben,  thou  hast  given, 
etc. 


Pluperfect. 


id)  fjatte  gegeben,  I  had  given. 
bu  fyatteft  gegeben,  thou  hadst given, 
etc. 


id)  f)atte  gegeben,  (Ma/)  I  had  given. 
bu  Ijtitteft  gegeben,  Maw  hadst  given, 
etc. 

258 


PARADIGM    OF    A    STRONG    OR    IRREGULAR   VERB.    259 


Indicative. 


Subjunctive. 


Future  Perfect. 


irf)  toerbe  gegeben  l)ab?nf  I  shall  have 

given. 
bu  roirft  gegeben  Ijaben,  etc. 


id)  roerbe  gegeben  fyaben,  {that)  I 

shall  have  given. 

bu  tt)erbeft  gegeben  fyaben,  etc. 


First  Conditional. 

id)  toitrbe  geben,  I  should  give. 

bu  toiirbeft  geben,  thou  wouldst  give,  etc. 

Second  Conditional. 
irf)  ttmrbe  gegeben  fyaben,  I  should  have  given. 
bu  umrbeft  gegeben  f)aben,  thou  wouldst  have  given,  etc. 

Imperative. 

gteb,  give. 

gebe  er,  /<?/  him  give. 

geben  wir,  )   ^        ^ 

laftt  una  geben,  ) 

gebet,  ) 

»      ~.        r  give  you. 
geben  @ie,    ) 

geben  fie,  let  them  give. 


Present:  geben,  to  give. 


Present:  gebenb,  giving. 


Infinitive. 

Perfect:  gegeben  fyaben,  to  have 

given. 

Participles. 

|    Past:  gegeben,  given. 


THE  AUXILIARIES  OF  TENSE. 


380. 


The  Auxiliary  fjabctt,  to  have. 


Principal  Parts:   Ijaben,  fjatte,  geljalit. 


Indicative. 

id)  fjabe,  I  have. 

bit  fyaft,  />4ra  /fotf. 
er  fyat,  >4<?  has. 
ttnr  fyaben,  w  A<zw. 
if)r  Ijabt,     )        . 
£>te  fyaben, ) 
fte  fyaben,  ***r  have. 


id)  fyatte,  7/W. 

bu  fyatteft,  tfcw  &*&/. 
er  fjatte,  he  had. 
ttiir  fatten,  w  had. 

@ie  gotten,  f 

fie  fatten,  they  had. 


Present. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  \)abt,  I  have,  or  {that)  I  may 

have,  etc. 
bll  Ijabcft  thou  have. 
er  Ijttbe,  he  have. 
roir  ^aben,  we  have. 

@ie  tjaben,  ) 

fte  fyabeu,  //^^  /&aw?. 


Imperfect. 


id)  Ijcitte,  ///£*/,  or  {that)  I  might 

have,  etc. 
bu  fyatteft,  thou  hadst. 

er  hatte,  he  had. 
ttnr  fatten,  we  had. 

©ie  gotten,  ) 

fte  fatten,  they  had. 


Future. 


id)  toerbe  fjaben,  I  shall  have. 

bu  ttttrft  fyaben,  thou  wilt  have. 

er  nrirb  Ijaben,  he  will  have. 

roir  toerben  Ijaben,  we  shall  have. 

i&r  roerbet  baben,    \  ...  , 

.       ,    ,  '     \  you  will  have. 
®te  ttjcrben  fjaben,  1 

fte  roerben  tjaben,  they  will  have. 


id)  roerbe  fyaben,  [that)  /shall have. 
bu  toerfoeft  fyaben,  //^«  wilt  have. 
er  tuer&c  fyaben,  he  will  have. 
ttnr  ttierben  fjaben,  w*  shall  have. 
il)rn>erbet$aben,    [  /7//W. 

@te  tnerben  tjaben, ) 
fte  tnerben  fjaben,  they  will  have. 

260 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    TENSE. 


261 


Indicative. 


id)  l)abe  gefjabt,  I  have  had. 


Perfect. 


Subjunctive. 


bu  fyaft  gefjabt,  thou  hast  had. 
er  \)<xt  geljabt,  he  has  had. 
lutr  Ijaben  getjafct,  we  have  had. 

il)rl)abtgef)abt,     \youhmlehad. 

@ie  Ijaben  geljabt, ) 

fte  ^abeit  ge^abt,  they  have  had. 


id)  babe  gefjabt,  /  have  had,  ox  {that) 
I  may  have  had,  etc. 

bu  ^abeft  gefyabt,  thou  hast  had. 
er  Ijafee  gefyabt,  he  has  had. 
mir  baben  gefyabt,  we  have  had. 
^tttogefeiH   j.       hauehadm 
@le  tjabeu  gefyabt, ) 
fie  Ijabeu  gefyabt,  they  have  had. 


Pluperfect. 


idj  Ijatte  geljabt,  I  had  had. 


bu  fyatteft  gefyabt,  thou  kadst  had. 
er  Ijatte  gefjabt,  he  had  had. 
toir  Ijatten  gefyabt,  w*  had  had. 
ibr^attetgebabt,    )  youhadhad. 
©ie  fatten  gefyabt,  J 
fie  fatten  geljabt,  they  had  had. 


id)  l)dtte  gefyabt,  Ihadhadyox  {that) 

I  might  have  had,  etc. 
bu  batteft  getjabt,  thou  hadst  had. 
er  Ijatte  gefyabt,  he  had  had. 
roir  fatten  gefjabt,  we  had  had. 
ifyr  fyattet  gefyabt, 
@ie  fatten  gefjabt, 
fie  fjatteu  geljabt,  they  had  had. 


\\ 


you  had  had. 


Future  Perfect. 


ia)  toerbe  gefjabt  fyaben,  I  shall  have 

had. 
bu  nmft  gebabt  babtn,  thou  wilt 

have  had. 
er  roirb  gefyabt  fyaben,  he  will  have 
•  had. 
tt)ir  raerbeu  gebabt  fyaben,  we  shall 

have  had. 
iljr  tuerbet  gebabt  fyabtw,  i you  will 
@ieraerbengel)abtl)aben,  \  have  had 
fie  tuerbeu  gebabt  baben,  they  will 

have  had. 


id)  tnerbe  gebabt  tjaben,  {that)  I  shall 
have  had. 

bu  tocrfrefi  gefyabt  Ijabeu,  thou  wilt 

have  had. 

er  tocrfcc  gebabt  Ijabeu,  he  will  have 

had. 
ttrir  merben  gebabt  f)aben,  m?  shall 

have  had. 
ifjr  merbet  gebabt  fyaben,  \you  will 
@te  raerben  gebabt  Ijabeu,  \  have  had 
fie  rocrben  gebabt  Ijabeu,  they  will 

have  had. 


First  Conditional. 

id)  ttmrbe  tjaben,  I  should  have. 
bU  tttitrbeft  I)abeu,  thou  wouldst  have. 
er  ttmrbe  Ijabeu,  he  would  have. 
ttrir  ttmrben  Ijabeu,  we  should  have. 

iljrttmrbet  Ijabeu,     \  y0u  would  have. 

©ie  ttmrbeu  Ijabeu,  ) 

fie  roiirbert  Ijabeu,  they  would  have. 


262 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    TENSE. 


Second  Conditional. 

idj  tniirbe  getjabt  fyaben,  I  should  have  had. 

bu  ttiirbeft  gefyabt  fjaben,  thou  wouldst  have  had. 

er  ttmrbe  gefyabt  fyaben,  he  would  have  had. 

ttrir  nmrben  gefyabt  fyaben,  we  should  have  had. 

it;r  afirbet  geljabt  ijaben,     )        w</  w  ^ 

©te  roiirben  gefyabt  fyaben,  ) 

fte  ttmrben  gefyabt  fyaben,  /&ry  w^/af  -W*?  had. 


Imperative. 

Ijabe,  >foz^  (thou), 
fyabt  er,  Atf  ^«»  ^af^. 
fyaben  nur,  } 


lafet  un§  fyaben, 

fyaben  fie,  &tf  them  have. 


let  us  have. 


Infinitive. 
Present:  fyaben,  A?  /5w.  |    Perfect:  gefyabt  fyaben,  /b  have  had 

Participles. 
Present:  ^abetlb,  having.  \   Past:  Qfyabl,  had. 


381.  The  Auxiliary  fcttt,  tfo  6e. 

Principal  Parts:   bin,  toar,  gctucfen. 


Indicative. 

id)  bin,  /aw. 
bu  bift,  M(?«  art. 
er  ift,  fe  «. 
nrir  finb,  «/<?  ar*. 

SfHft    \  you  are. 
e>te  finb, ) 

flC  ftnb,  they  are. 


Eresent. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  fei,  that  I  may  be. 
bit  feieft,  thou  mayest  be. 
er  fei,  he  may  be. 
rotr  feien,  we  may  be. 

^fe1**'     [you  may  be. 

®ie  feien, ) 

fie  feien,  flfef?  w^  ^. 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    TENSE. 


263 


Indicative. 

id)  It)  or,  I  was. 

bll  roat'ft,  thou  wast. 

er  roar,  he  was. 

roir  ro  a  r en,  we  were. 

ibr  roaret,    ) 

2  '     >  you  were 

'£>ie  roaren,  > 

fie  mar  en,  they  were. 


Subjunctive. 


Imperfect. 


id)  rodre,  {that)  I  were. 

bu  rodreft,  thou  wert. 

er  It)  are,  he  were. 

roir  roaren,  we  were. 

tbr  roaret,    ) 
'  '     >  you  were. 

@ic  roaren, ) 

fie  roaren,  they  were. 


Future. 


id)  roerbe  fein,  I  shall  be. 

bu  roirft  fein,  thou  wilt  be. 

er  roirb  fein,  he  will  be. 

roir  roerben  fein,  we  shall  be. 

ibr  roerbet  fein,    {  ... , 

'  '7     \  you  will  be. 

@te  roerben  fein, » 

fte  roerben  fein,  they  will  be. 


idj  roerbe  fein,  {that)  /shall  be. 
bu  roerbeft  fein,  thou  wilt  be. 
er  roerbe  fein,  he  will  be. 
roir  roerben  fein,  we  shall  be. 
Ujr  tnerbet  fein,    I  m^ 

@te  roerben  fein, ) 
fie  roerben  fein,  they  will  be. 


Perfect. 


id)  bin  geroefen,  /have  £«». 

bu  bift  geroefen,  thou  hast  been. 

er  ift  geroefen,  he  has  been. 

roir  finb  geroefen,  we  have  been. 

ibr  feib  qeroefen,    /         ,       , 
' .  '  _    °        '     '     t  vou  have  been. 

@tc  ftnb  geroefen, . 

fie  finb  geroefen,  they  have  been. 


id)  fci  geroefen,  {that)  /have  been. 

bu  feieft  geroefen,  thou  hast  been. 

er  fei  geroefen,  he  has  been. 

roir  feien  geroefen,  we  have  been. 

tfir  feiet  geroefen,    )         ,       . 
'    '  '  \you  have  been. 

®ie  feten  geroefen, ) 

fie  feien  geroefen,  they  have  been. 


Pluperfect. 


id)  toar  geroefen,  /had  been. 


bu  roarft  geroefen,  thou  hadst  been. 

er  mar  geroefen,  he  had  been. 

roir  roaren  geroefen,  we  had  been. 

ibr  roaret  geroefen,    I  j  , 

',  .       \  you  had  been. 

©te  roaren  geroefen,  I 

fte  roaren  geroefen,  they  had  been. 


id)  foiire  geroefen,  /  had  been,  or 

{that)  I  might  have  been,  etc. 
bu  rodreft  geroefen,  thou  hadst  been. 
er  rodre  geroefen,  he  had  been. 
loir  roaren  geroefen,  we  had  been. 
Ujr  todret  geroefen,    X       had  beefU 
<2>ie  roaren  geroefen, ) 
fie  roaren  geroefen,  they  had  been. 


264 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    TENSE. 


Indicative. 

Future 

idj  roerbe  geroefen  fein,  I  shall  have 

been. 
bu  roirft  geroefen  )an,  thou  wilt  have 

been. 
er  roirb  geroefen  fein,  he  will  have 

been 
ttrir  roerben  geroefen  fein,  we  shall 

have  been. 
ihr  roerbet  geroefen  fein,    \you  will 
@ie  roerben  geroefen  fein,  \  have  been 
fte  roerben  geroefen  fein,  they  will 

have  been. 


Subjunctive. 
Perfect. 

id)  toerfce  geroefen  fein,   {that)  I 

shall  have  been. 
bu  tocrtieft  geroefen  fein,  thou  wilt 

have  been. 
er  tuerDc  geroefen  fein,  he  will  have 

been. 
ttrir  roerben  geroefen  fein,  we  shall 

have  been. 
if)r  roerbet  geroefen  fein,    I  you  will 
@ie  roerben  geroefen  fein, )  have  been. 
fte  roerben  geroefen  fein,  they  will 

have  been. 


First  Conditional. 

id)  roiirbe  fein,  I  should  be. 
bu  roiirbeft  fein,  thou  wouldst  be. 
er  roiirbe  fein,  he  would  be. 
roir  roiirben  fein,  we  should  be. 


ibr  roiirbet  fein, 


you  would  be. 


©ie  roiirben  fein, 

fte  roiirben  fein,  they  would  be. 

Second  Conditional. 

id)  roiirbe  geroefen  fein,  I  should  have  been. 

bu  roiirbeft  geroefen  fein,  thou  wouldst  have  been. 

er  roiirbe  geroefen  fein,  he  would  have  been. 

ttrir  roiirben  geroefen  fein,  we  should  have  been. 

itjr  roiirbet  geroefen  fein,     j.         would  have  betn 

©ie  roiirben  geroefen  fein,    I 

fte  roiirben  geroefen  fein,  they  would  have  been. 

Imperative. 

fei,  be  {thou). 
fei  er,  let  him  be. 
feienroir,  i    letusbe% 

laftt  un$  fein,      \ 

feib'  \  be  (you). 

feieu  <Sie,    ) 

feien  fte,  let  them  be. 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    TENSE. 


265 


Present :  jeitt,  to  be. 
Present:  feienb,  being. 


Infinitive. 

|  Perfect:  geroejen  fein,  to  have  been. 

Participles. 

|  Past:  geroejen,  been. 


382.    The  Auxiliary  tocrbctt,  to  become  (to  get,  to  grow). 
Principal  Parts:   toerben,  tourbe,  getoorben. 


Indicative. 

id)  roerbe,  I  become. 

bit  ttrirft,  thou  becomest. 

er  tt>irb,  he  becomes. 

tt)ir  ItJerben,  we  become. 

iljrroerbet,    I        hecome% 

%\t  roerben, ) 

fie  roerben,  they  become. 


id)  hmtbe,1  I  became. 
bit  tDltrbeft,  thou  becamest. 
er  ttlltrbe,  he  became. 
tt>tr  murben,  we  became. 

Ujrttntrbet,    \ymbeeame. 

@ie  rourben,  I 

fte  ttJltrbetl,  they  became. 


Present. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  roerbe,  I  become. 

bu  tocrbcft,  thou  becomest. 

et  tDCrfoc,  he  becomes. 

ttrir  roerben,  we  become. 

ifjrroerbet,    \       become. 

@ie  roerben, ) 

fie  roerben,  they  become. 


Imperfect. 


id)  tt>itrbe,  I  became. 

bit  ftmrbeft,  thou  becamest. 

er  ittitrbe,  he  became. 

loir  ttritrbett,  we  became. 

il)r  roitrbet,    *         ^came. 

@ie  roitrben, ) 

fte  roitrbett,  they  became. 


Future. 


id)  roerbe  roerben,  I  shall  become. 
bit  roirft  roerben,  thou  wilt  become. 
er  roirb  roerben,  he  will  become. 
fair  roerben  roerben,  we  shall  become. 
ii)r  roerbet  roerben,    )  you  will 
@ie  roerben  roerben, >  become. 
fie  roerben  roerben,  they  will  become. 


id)  tuerbe  roerben,  I  shall  become. 

bu  tticrbcfi  roerben,  thou  wilt  become. 
er  tUCt&C  roerben,  he  will  become. 
t»ir  roerben  roerben,  we  shall  become. 
tf)r  roerbet  roerben,    )  you  will 
®te  roerben  roerben,  S  become. 
fte  roerben  roerben,  they  will  become. 


1  See  foot-note,  p.  158. 


266 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    TENSE. 


Indicative. 

id)  Mtl  geroorben,  I  have  become. 
bit  btft  geroorben,  thou  hast  become. 
cr  ift  getoorben,  he  has  become. 
totr  ftnb  geroorben,  we  have  become 
ifjr  feib  geroorben,    )  you  have 
@ie  ftnb  geroorben,  f  become. 
fte  ftnb  geroorben,  they  have  become 


Perfect.  Subjunctive. 

id)  fci  gelDOrbeit,  I  have  become. 
bu  feieft  geroorben,  thoti.  hast  become. 
er  f el  geroorben,  he  has  become. 
tt)ir  feien  geroorben,  we  have  become. 
tfyr  feiet  geroorben,    )  you  have 
@te  feien  geroorben, S  become. 
fte  feien  getoorben,  they  have  become. 

Pluperfect. 


16)  tout  geroorben,  I  had  become. 
bu  roarft  geroorben,  thou  hadst 

become. 
er  roar  geroorben,  he  had  become. 
roir  roaren  geroorben,  we  had  become 
ifrc  roarft  gev~>orbcn,    {you  had 
©ie  roaren  geroorben,  J  become. 
fte  roaren  geroorben,  they  had  become, 


id)  roerbe  geroorben  fein,  I  shall  have 

become. 
bu  roirft  getoorben  fein,  thou  wilt 

have  become. 
er  roirb  geroorben  fein,  he  will  have 

become. 
roir  roerben  geroorben  fein,  we  shall 

have  become. 

ifjr  roerbet  geroorben  1  you  wiU 

^m'  \     have 

@ie  roerben  geroorben  \   become% 

fein,  J 

fte  roerben  geroorben  fein,  they  will 

have  become. 


id)  tuare  geroorben,  I  had  become. 
bu  rodreft  geroorben,  thou  hadst 

become. 
er  roare  geroorben,  he  had  become. 
roir  roaren  getoorben,  we  had  become. 
ifjr  roaret  geroorben,    \you  had 
@ie  roaren  geroorben,  )  become. 
fte  roaren  geroorben,  they  had  become. 

Future  Perfect. 

idj  roerbe  geroorben  fein,  I  shall  have 

become. 
bu  rocrocfl  geroorben  fein,  thou  wilt 

have  become. 
er  toeroc  geroorben  fein,  he  will  have 

become. 
roir  roerben  geroorben  fein,  we  shall 

have  become. 

il)r  roerbet  geroorben  1 

fein, 
©ie  roerben  geroorben 

fein, 
fte  roerben  geroorben  fein,  they  will 

have  become. 


you  -will 

have 

become. 


First  Conditional. 

id)  roitrbe  roerben,  I  should  become. 
bu  roiirbeft  roerben,  thou  wouldst  become. 
er  roitrbe  roerben,  he  would  become. 
roir  roiirben  roerben,  we  should  become. 
ii)r  roiirbet  roerben,    )       m)mld  become^ 
@ie  roiirben  roerben,  ) 
fte  roiirben  roerben,  they  would  become. 


THE   AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE.  267 


Second  Conditional. 

id)  hmrbe  geroorben  fein,  I  should  have  become. 
bu  roiirbeft  geroorben  fetn,  thou  wouldst  have  become. 
er  wiirbe  geroorben  jein,  he  would  have  become. 
nrir  nmrben  getnorben  fein,  we  should  have  become. 
ihr  nmrbet  gemorben  jein,    I        Wrf  ^  ^^ 
@ie  nmrben  geroorben  jein,  1 
fie  roiirben  getnorben  jein,  they  would  have  become. 

Imperative. 

tneibe,  become  thou. 

tnerbe  er,  let  him  become. 

tnerben  nnr,  )   ,  .      , 

.  „  '  \  let  us  become. 

Ia§t  unS  merben,    ) 

tcerbet,  )    , 

~.         r    become  you. 

roerben  @te,     ) 

ttierben  fie,  let  them  become. 

Infinitive. 
Present:  toerben,  to  become.         '        I    Perfect:    getnorben   fettt,    to   have 

Participles. 
Present:  tfoerbenb,  becoming.  i    Past:  getnorben  or  tt)0rben,  become. 


THE  AUXILIARIES  OF  MODE. 


383.    The  Auxiliary  mi'lff en,  (must)  to  be  obliged,  to 

have  to. 

Principal  Parts:   mitffen,  inufite,  gcmu§t. 

Indicative.  Subjunctive. 

Present. 


id)  tnufj,  /must,  am  obliged. 
bn  tnuftt,  thou  must. 
er  mufc,  he  must. 


id)  mitffe,  {that)  I  must,  be  obliged. 

bn  miiffcfi,  thou  must. 
er  muffe,  he  must. 


268 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


Indicative. 

ttrir  muff  en,  we  must. 

JS*"*      \  you  must. 
@ie  miiffen, > ' 

fte  miiffen,  they  must. 


id)  mitftte,  /  was  obliged. 
bu  tttufjteft,  thou  wast  obliged. 
er  mitftte,  he  was  obliged. 
ttrir  mufjten,  we  were  obliged. 

iljrmufetet,    \  you  were  obuged. 

@ie  muftten,  > 

fte  mufjteit,  they  were  obliged. 


Subjunctive. 
Present. 

ttrir  miiffen,  we  must. 

UjrmiifH    \  you  must. 
<©te  miiffen, ) 

fte  miiffen,  they  must. 

Imperfect. 

id)  miifjte,  I  were  obliged. 
bu  miifeteft,  thou  wert  obliged. 
er  tttiifjte,  he  were  obliged. 
ttrir  miiftten,  we  were  obliged. 
tljr  mufetet,    \^ym  were  oMiged^ 


@te  miifjten, 

fte  miiftteu,  they  were  obliged. 


Future 
id)  merbe  miiffen,  I  shall  be  obliged. 


bu  ttrirfi  miiffen,  thou  wilt  be  obliged, 
etc. 


id)  merbe  miiffen,  {that)  I  shall  be 

obliged. 
bu  roet'Defl  miiffen,   thou  wilt  be 

obliged,  etc. 


Perfect. 


id)  $abt  gemufjt  or  mitfen,  I  have 

been  obliged. 
bu  I)aft  gemujjt  or  miiffen,  etc. 


id)  \)abt  gemuf$t  or  miiffen,  (that)  I 

have  been  obliged. 

bu  Ijabcfl  gemufjt  or  munen,  etc. 


Pluperfect. 


id)  fyatte  gemuftt  or  miiffen,  /  had 

been  obliged. 

bu  tjatteft  gemufet  or  miiffen,  etc. 


id)  tjatte  gemufjt  or  miiffen,  {that)  I 

had  been  obliged. 
bu  l)dtteft  gemufet  or  mii-ffen,  etc. 


Future  Perffct. 


id)  merbe  gemuftt  fyaben  or  fallen 

mitffen,  /  shall  have  been  obliged. 

bu  ttrirft  gemuftt  fjaben  or  fyaben 
miiffen,  etc. 


id)  merbe  gemufet  ijnben  or  Imfcen 

miiffen,  (that)  I  shall  have  been 
obliged. 

bu  roerfceft  gemufet  fyaben  or  fyaben 
miiffen,  etc. 


First  Conditional. 

id)  nuifjtc  or  id)  roiirbe  miiffen,  I  should  be  obliged. 

bu  mii&teft  or  bu  raiirbeft  miiffen,  thou  wouldst  be  obliged^  etc 


"-* 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


269 


Second  Conditional. 
id)  pttc  gemufct  or  miiffcn,  or  id)  rniirbe  gemujjt  Ijaben  or  Ijaben  miiffen,  / 

should  have  been  obliged. 

bit  fyfitteft  gemufct  or  miiffen,  or  bu  roiirbeft  gemufct  fyaben  or  Ijaben  miiffen, 
etc. 

Infinitive. 


Present:  muff  en,  to  be  obliged. 


Perfect:  gemuftt  fyaben  or  ^aben 

miiffcn,  to  have  been  obliged. 


Participles. 


Present:  mitffenb,  being  obliged. 


Past:  gemufit  or  miiffcn,  been 

obliged. 


384.     The  Auxiliary  fbmtCtt,  (can)  to  be  able. 
Principal  Parts:   fonnen,  fonntc,  gcfonnt. 


Indicative. 

id)  fann,  I  can,  am  able. 

bu  fannft,  thou  canst. 

er  fann,  he  can. 

mir  fonnen,  we  can. 

ibr  fonnt,     ) 

,~.*..  \  you  can. 

@ie  fonnen, ) 

fie  fonnen,  they  can. 


id)  f onnte,  /  could,  was  able. 
bu  fonnteft,  thou  couldst. 
er  fonnte,  he  could. 
loir  fonnten,  we  could. 


itjr  fonntet, 


■you  could. 


Subjunctive. 
Present. 

id)  X bnnc,  (that)  I  can,  be  able. 
bu  fbnncfl,  thou  canst. 

er  tonne,  he  can. 

ttrir  fonnen,  we  can. 

ib,r  fonnet, 

©ie  fonnen, 

fie  fonnen,  they  can. 


■you  can. 


@ie  fonnten, 

fie  fonnten,  they  could. 


id)  roerbe  fonnen,  I  shall  be  able. 


bu  roirft  fonnen,  thou  wilt  be  able, 
etc. 


Imperfect. 

id)  fonnte,  I  could,  were  able. 

bu  fonnteft,  thou  couldst. 

er  fonnte,  he  could. 

mir  fonnten,  we  could. 

i^r  fonntet,    \ym€mMt 

®te  fonnten, ) 

fte  fonnten,  they  could. 

Future. 

id)  merbe  fonnen,  (that)  I  shall  be 
able. 

bu  roerbefi  fonnen,  thou  wilt  be  able, 
etc. 


270 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


Indicative. 


Perfect. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  fyabt  gefonnt  or  f onnen,  /  have 

been  able. 
bu  ^aft  gefonnt  or  fonnen,  etc. 


id)  fjabe  gefonnt  or  fbnnen,  {that)  I 

have  been  able. 

bu  Ijallejt  gefonnt  or  fonnen,  etc. 


Pluperfect 
id)  fyatte  gefonnt  or  fbnnen,  /  had 

been  able. 
bu  I)atteft  gefonnt  or  fonnen,  etc. 


id)  fycitte  gefonnt  or  fonnen,  {that)  I 

had  been  able. 

bu  fyatteft  gefonnt  or  fonnen,  etc. 


Future  Perfect 
id)  merbe  gefonnt  fjaben  or  {joben 

fbnnen,  /  shall  have  been  able. 


bu  hurft  gefonnt  fyaben  or  fyaben 
fonnen,  etc. 


id)  tuerbe  gefonnt  fjaben  or  fjaben 

fbltnen,  {that)  I  shall  have  been 
able. 
bu  toerbeft  gefonnt  fyaben  or  Ijaben 
fonnen,  etc. 


First  Conditional. 
id)  fbnnte,  or  id)  roiirbe  fonnen,  I  should  be  able. 
bu  fonnteft,  or  bu  ttmrbefi  fonnen,  thorn  wouldst  be  able,  etc. 

Second  Conditional. 
id)  Ijatte  gefonnt  or  fonnen,  or  id)  roiirbe  gefonnt  fyaben  or  fyaben  fonnen,  / 

should  have  been  able. 

bu  fycitteft  gefonnt  or  fonnen,  or  bu  roiirbeft  gefonnt  ijaben  or  fjaben  fonnen, 

etc.. 

Infinitive. 


Present:  fonnen,  to  be  abk 


Perfect:   gefonnt  fyaben  or  (joben 
fbnnen,  to  have  been  able. 


Participles. 
Present:  fbnuenb,  being  able.  \  Past:  gefonnt  or  fbnnen,  been  able. 


THE   AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


271 


385.    The  Auxiliary  ftoflctt,  {will)  to  be  willing  (to  wish, 

to  like). 

Principal  Parts:   tooUen,  toolUc,  getooflt. 


Indicative. 

id)  ft) ill,  I  will,  am  willing. 

bu  ttrillft,  thou  wilt. 

er  ttull,  he  will. 

roir  roolleu,  we  will. 

tfrwollt,     \youwUL 

©ie  roolleu, > 

fie  tt)oIleu;  they  will. 


Subjunctive. 
Present. 

id)  tOO lie,  {that)  I  will,  be  willing. 
bu  ttJOlUft,  thou  will. 

er  tooUc,  ^  will. 
luir  roollen,  «/^  w*7/. 
iljrroollet,    )  ./A 

©ie  roollen, ) 
fie  niolleu,  they  will. 


Imperfect. 


iff)  tt)0llte,  I  would,  was  willing. 

bu  rootlteft,  thou  wouldst. 
er  roollte,  >£<?  would. 
roir  ruollten,  w^  would. 
iljrttolltet,    I        w<,. 
@ie  rooHteu, > 
fte  tuolltert,  //&<?y  would. 


id)  tUOUte,  (//fo/)  I  would,  were  will 
ing. 

bu  roollteft,  //fo#  wouldst. 
er  tooUte,  fc  would. 
trjir  ttioltteu,  w  would. 
ifjr  toolltet,    )  7 . 

^  «         fW«  would. 

©ie  rrjollten,  > 

fie  tooltteu,  rtbrp  would. 


Future. 


id)  tterbe  toolleu,  /shall  be  willing. 

bu  tttirft  tOOllen,  thou  wilt  be  willing, 
etc. 


id)  toerbe  roolleu,  (Ma/)  /  shall  be 

willing. 
bu  tticrbeft  ttJOlleil,  thou  wilt  bewill- 
ing,  etc. 


Pfrfect. 


idj  Ijabe  gerootCt  or  tooUen,  I  have 

been  willing. 

bu  ^aft  geroollt  or  molten,  etc. 


id)  l)abe  geroollt  or  tootten,  {that)  1 

have  been  willing. 
bu  Ijaoeft  geroollt  or  roollen,  etc. 


Pluperfect. 


idj  tjatte  geroollt  or  tootten,  /  had 

been  willing. 
bu  tjatteft  geroollt  or  roollen,  etc. 


id)  tjdtte  geroollt  or  toollen,  {that)  J 

had  been  willing. 
bu  riatteft  getooflt  or  roolleu,  etc. 


272 


THE    AUXfLIARIES    OF    MODE. 


Indicative. 


Future  Perfect. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  toerbe  getoollt  fjaben  or  Jjaben 

ft) Oil Ctt,  I  shall  have  been  willing. 

tm   nurft  getoollt  Ijaben  or  Ijaben 
molten,  etc. 


id)  toerbe  getootlt  fjaben  or  Ijabcn 

ftiollcn,   (that)  I  shall  have  been 
willing. 

bu  tocroefl  getooflt  l)aben  or  fyaben 
toollen,  etc. 


First  Conditional. 

id)  tOOlltC,  or  id)  toiirbe  toollen,  I  should  be  willing. 

bu  toollteft,  or  bu  toiirbeft  molten,  thou  wouldst  be  willing,  etc. 

Second  Conditional. 
id)  Ijiittc  geftiollt  or  toollen,  or  id)  roiirbe  getoollt  b,aben  or  fyaben  tooUen,  / 

should  have  been  willing.   . 

bu  fjotteft  getoollt  or  tooUen,  or  bu  raiirbeft  getoollt  fyaben  or  Ijaben  toollen,  etc. 


Infinitive. 


Present:  Ojollen,  to  be  willing. 


Perfect:   getnoUt  fjaben,  or  Ijaben 

ft)  oil  Ell,  to  have  been  willing. 


Participles. 
Present:  toollenb,  being  willing.  |  Past:  getoollt  or  ftiollen,  been  willing. 


386.  The  Auxiliary  juflctt,  shall,  ought. 

Principal  Parts:   follen,  foflte,  gefoflt. 


Indicative. 

id)  foil,  I  shall,  am  to. 
bu  foUft,  thou  shall. 
er  foil,  he  shall. 
toir  fallen,  we  shall. 

\\)K  foUt, 

©ie  follen, 

fie  follen,  they  shall. 


\  you  shall. 
It ' 


Present. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  folic,  (Ma/)  I  shall,  be  to. 

bu  foiled,  ^^w  shall. 

er  folic,  **  j>W/. 

toir  follen,  we  shall. 

it)r  follct, 

©ie  follen, 

fte  follen,  they  shall. 


yyou  shall. 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


273 


Indicative. 


Imperfect. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  foEte,  I  should,  ought,  was  to. 


bit  foEteft,  thou  shouldst. 
er  fottte,  he  should. 
fail'  foEteil,  we  should. 

ifyr  foEtet, 

©ie  foEten, 

fie  foEten,  they  should. 


Vyou  should. 


id)  tuerbe  foEen,  /shall  be  to. 

bu  ttnrft  follen,  thou  wilt  be  to,  etc. 


id)  foEte,  (that)  /should,  ought,  were 

to. 
i>U  follteft,  thou  shonld. 

er  foEte,  he  should. 
roir  foEten,  we  should. 
iljrfoEtet,    I         hoM 
©ie  fotlten, ) J 
fie  foEten,  they  should. 

Future. 

id)  toerbe  foEen,  (that)  /  shall  be  to. 
bu  tocroefl  foEen,  thou  will  be  to,  etc. 

Perfect. 


id)  f)Ctbe  gefollt  or  fotlen,  /have  been 

to. 
bu  l)aft  gefollt  or  folteu,  etc. 


id)  l)abe  gefollt  or  f  oUcn,  (that)  /have 
been  to. 

bu  IjoJbefl  gefollt  or  foEen,  etc. 


Pluperfect. 


id)  t)atte  gefollt  or  foUen,  /  had  been 

to. 
bu  i)Qtteft  gefollt  or  foEen,  etc. 


id)  tjdtte  gefollt  or  follen,  (that)  I 

had  been  to. 
bu  tjatteft  gefollt  or  follen,  etc. 


Future  Perfect. 


'id)  tt)erbe  gefollt  fjaben  or  {jaben 

f OtUtt,  /shall  have  been  to. 

bu  mirft  gefollt  Ijaben  or  Ijaben  foEen, 
etc. 


id)   roerbe  gefollt  l)aben  or  Ijaben 

fodCU,  (that)  / shall  have  been  to. 

bu  toerbeft  gefollt  fjaben  or  Ijaben 
foEen,  etc. 

First  Conditional. 
idj  fofltc,  or  id)  tniirbe  foEen,  /  should  be  to. 
bu  follteft,  or  bu  ttiirbeft  foEen,  thou  wouldst  be  to,  etc. 

Second  Conditional. 

id)  Ijatte  gefollt  or  foHen,  or  id)  nmrbe  gefollt  Ijaben  or  Ijaben  foEen,  /should 

have  been  to. 
bu  Ijatteft  gefollt  or  foEen,  or  bu  ttmrbeft  gefoEt  Ijaben  or  fyaben  foEen,  etc. 

Infinitive. 
Present:  foEen,  shall,  ought.  I    Perfect:    gefoEt    fjabeu,    or    Jjaben 

follen,  to  have  been  to. 

Participles. 
Present:  foEenb,  being  to.  \    Past:  gefollt  or  follen,  been  to. 


274 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


387.     The  Auxiliary  biirf  Ctt,  to  be  allowed  (to  dare). 
Principal  Parts:   tmrfen,  burfte,  geimrft. 


Indicative. 

id)  barf,  I  am  allowed. 

bu  barfft,  thou  art  allowed. 

er  barf,  he  is  allowed. 

tt)ir  biirfen,  we  are  allowed. 

2.         '  '      \you  are  allowed. 
®ie  biirfen, ) 

fte  biirfen,  they  are  allowed. 


Subjunctive. 
Present. 

id)  fciirfe,  I  be  allowed. 
bit  btirfeft,  thou  be  allowed. 
er  fciirfC,  he  be  allowed. 
ttrir  biirfen,  we  be  allowed. 

J,  '    '     [you  be  allowea 

©ie  biirfen, ) 

fie  biirfen,  they  be  allowed. 


id)  burfte,  I  was  allowed. 
bu  burfteft,  thou  wast  allowed. 
er  burfte,  he  was  allowed. 
luir  blirften,  we  were  allowed. 

'  '     '     \  you  were  allowed. 

@ie  burftcn, ) 

fte  burfteu,  they  were  allowed. 


Imperfect. 

id)  biirf te,  I  were  allowed. 
bu  biirfteft,  thou  wert  allowed. 
er  biirf  te,  he  were  allowed. 
ttrir  biirf  ten,  we  were  allowed. 
ii)r  burftet,    )        werg  allowed^ 
@ie  biirften, ) 
fte  biirften,  they  were  allowed. 


Future. 


id)  roerbe  biirfen,  I  shall  be  allowed. 

bu  ttrirft  biirfen,  thou  wilt  be  allowed, 
etc. 


id)  roerbe  biirfen,  {that)  I  shall  be 

allowed. 
bu   tuertiefl   biirfen,   thou  wilt  be 

allowed,  etc 


Perfect. 


id}  fyabe  geburft  or  biirfen,  /  have 

been  allowed. 
bu  tjaft  geburft  or  biirfen,  etc. 


id)  tjabt  geburft  or  biirfen,  {that)  I 

have  been  allowed. 
bu  tyabefl  geburft  or  biirfen,  etc. 


Pluperfect. 


Id)  tjatte  geburft  or  biirfen,  I  had 

been  allowed. 
bu  Ijattcft  geburft  or  biirfen,  etc. 


id)  i)dtte  geburft  or  biirfen,  {that)  1 

had  been  allowed, 
bu  tjtitteft  geburft  or  biirfen,  etc. 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


275 


Indicative. 


Future  Perfect. 


Subjunctive. 


id)  merbe  geburft  fyaben  or  Jjaben 
fctirf  Clt,  I  shall  have  been  allowed. 

bu  roirft  geburft  fjaben  or  fyaben 
biirfen,  etc. 


id)  toerbe  geburft  Ijabeu  or  Jjaben 

tJUtfcn,   (^/fcatf)  /  .$•/£#//  have  been 
allowed. 

bu  merit  eft  geburft  fyaben  or  fyaben 
biirfen,  etc. 


First  Conditional. 
itf)  bitrfte,  or  id)  roilrbe  biirfen,  I  should  be  allowed. 
bu  biirfteft,  or  bu  miirbeft  biirfen,  thou  wouldst  be  allowed,  etc. 

Second  Conditional. 
id)  Ijatte  geburft  or  biirfen,  or  id)  miirbe  geburft  fyaben  or  fyaben  biirfen,  / 

should  have  been  allowed. 
bu  tjatteft  geburft  or  biirfen,  orbit  miirbeft  geburft  tjaben  or  ijaben  biirfen,  etc. 


Infinitive. 


Present:  biirfen,  to  be  allowed. 


Perfect:  geburft  tjaben  or  fjafien 

Ditrfcn,  to  have  been  allowed. 


Participles. 


Present:  burfenb,  being  allowed. 


Past:  geburft  or  biirfen,  bum 

allowed. 


388.        The  Auxiliary  muflClt,  (may)  to  like. 
Principal  Parts  :   mogen,  mod)te,  gemot^t. 


Indicative. 

id)  ntag,  /  may,  like. 

t>U  magft,  thou  mayest. 

er  ntag,  he  may. 

ftrir  mogen,  we  may. 

Ibr  moat,     ) 
'         °  '      >  you  may. 

@te  mogen, ) 

ue  ntogen,  they  may. 


Subjunctive. 
Present. 

id)  mbge,  {that)  I  may,  like. 
bu  niogefi,  thou  may. 
er  mbge,  he  may. 
nur  mogen,  we  may. 


■you  may. 


tf)r  moget, 

©te  mogen, 

fie  mogen,  they  may. 


276 


THE    AUXILIARIES    OF    MODE. 


Indicative. 


id)  mocfjte,  I  liked. 
bu  modjteft,  thou  likedst. 
er  modjte,  he  liked. 
roir  modjten,  we  liked. 


■you  liked. 


ifjr  modjtet,    I 

@ie  modjten,  V 

fte  modjten,  they  liked. 


Subjunctive. 
Imperfect. 

id)  mbdjtc,  {that)  /might,  liked. 

bu  modjteft,  thou  might. 

er  modjte,  he  might. 

roir  molten,  we  might. 

ifjr  mbd&tet.    )  .  , . 

'  '     '     \you  might. 

@ie  mbd)ten, ) 

jte  modjten,  they  might. 

Future. 


id)  roerbe  mbgen,  I  shall  like. 

bu  roirft  mbgen,  thou  wilt  like,  etc 

Perfect 
id)  fjabe  gemodjt  or  mbgen,  I  have 

liked. 
bu  fjaft  gemocfjt  or  mogen,  etc. 

Pluperfect. 
id)  rjatte  gemodjt  or  mogen,  /  had 

liked. 
bu  I)atteft  gemod)t  or  mbg<en,  etc. 


id)  roerbe  mbgeu,  (that)  I  shall  like, 
bu  roerfieft  mbgen,  thou  wilt  like,  etc. 


id)  fjabe  gemodjt  or  mbgen,  (that)  1 

have  liked. 
bu  Ijabefl  gemod)t  or  mogen,  etc. 


id)  fjiitte  gemodjt  or  mogen,  (that)  I 

had  liked. 
bu  Ijatteft  gemodjt  or  mogen,  etc. 


Future  Perfect. 


id)  roerbe  gemodjt  fjaben  or  fjaben 

mbgeit,  /shall  have  liked. 

bu  roirft  gemodjt  fjaben  or  fjaben 
mogen,  etc. 


id)  roerbe  gemodjt  fjaben  or  Jjaben 

mbgen,  (that)  /  shall  have  liked. 

bu  merbefi  gemodjt  fjaben  or  fjaben 
mogen,  etc 


First  Conditional. 
id)  m'ofyU,  or  id)  roiirbe  mogen,  / should  like. 
bu  modjteft,  or  bu  roiirbeft  mbgen,  thou  wouldst  like,  etc. 

Second  Conditional. 
id)  littt  gemodjt  or  mogen,  or  id)  roiirbe  gemodjt  fjaben  or  fjaben  mbgen,  / 

should  have  liked. 
bu  fjatteft  gemodjt  or  mbgen,  or  bu  roiirbeft  gemodjt  fjaben  or  fjaben  mogen, 

etc. 

Infinitive. 

Present:  mbgen,  to  like.  I   Perfect:   gemodjt  fjaben  or  fjaben 

mbgen,  to  have  liked. 

Participles. 
Present:  mbgenb,  liking.  I  Past:  gemodjt  or  mbgen,  liked. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF 


STRONG  AND   MIXED  VERBS 


Explanation.  —  Compounds  are  not  included  in  this  list,  unless  the  simple  verb  is  not 
in  use.  Poetical  or  uncommon  forms  are  put  in  parentheses.  The  letters  I),  and  f.  signify 
that  the  auxiliary  is  unbelt  or  fetn;  where  authorities  differ  in  respect  to  the  auxiliary, 
Sachs- Villatte  has  been  followed.     Leaders  ( )  indicate  weak  (or  regular)  forms. 


Infinitive. 
Satfen,1  (b.)  bake 

Sefehlen,  (b.)  command 

33efletf|en,  (b.)  apply 
23eginnen,  (b.)  begin 

SBeifan,  (b.)bite 
33ergeti,  (b.)hide 

©erflen,  (f.)  burst 

33e»t>egen,2  (b.)  induce 
23tegcn,  (b.  and].)  bend 
aSteten,  (b.)  offer 

95tnfccn,  (b.)  bind 
33ttten,  (b.)  beg 
33lafen,  (b.)  blow 

$Mctbett,  (f.)  remain 
33Ietd)en,3  (b.)  bleach 
33ratcn,  (b.)  roast 


Pres.  Indie. 
Bacfft, 
bactt 


brat 


Imper.  Impf.  Indie.  Impf.  Subj.  Past  Part. 
but  bute  gebacfen 


befteblft, 
beftebjt 

beftet)t 

befall 
beflifj 

befable 
befobje 
befliffe 

befoblen 
befltffen 

begann 

begdnne 
begbnne 

begonnen 

bi& 

biffe 

gebiffen 

fcirgft, 
birgt 

birg 

barg 

barge 
burge 

geborgen 

birfteft 
birft 

birft 

barft 
borft 

barfte 
borfte 

geborften 

beroog 

berooge 

bemogen 

bog 

boge, 

gebogen 

(beutft, 
beut) 

(beut) 

bot 
banb 

bote 
banbe 

geboten 
gebunben 

bat 

bate 

gebeten 

bWfeft, 
biaft 

blieS 
blieb 

bltefe 
bliebe 

geblafen 
geblieben 

blitt) 

blid)e 

gebltdjen 

bratft, 

brtet 

briete 

gebraten 

1  At  present  more  frequently  regular,  except  in  the  past  participle.     2  Regular,  except 
in  the  sense  induce.    8  Regular,  as  transitive. 

277 


278 


STRONG    AND    MIXED    VERBS. 


Infinitive. 

Pres.  Indie. 

Imper.  Impf.  Indie. 

Impf.  Subj. 

Past  Part. 

33red)en,  §.and\.)  break 

briebft, 
bricbt 

bricb 

brad) 

bracbe 

gebrorben 

SSrennen,  (b.)  burn 

brannte 

brenntc 

gebrannt 

SBriugen,  (b.)  bring 

bracbte 

bradjte 

gebracbt 

Tcnfen,  (b.)  think 

bacbte 

bacbte 

gebudji 

SDingen,  (b.)  hire 

(bang, bung) 

gebungen 
(gebingt) 

$rcfd)etl,  (I).)  thresh 

brifebeft, 
brifebt, 

brifeb 

brafd) 
brofeb 

brafebe 
brofebe 

gebrofeben 

^rtttgen,1  (f.)  force  one's 

brang 

brdngc 

gebrungen 

way 

®iirfcn,  (b.)  be  allowed 

barf,  barfft, 
barf, 

burftc 

btirfte 

geburft 

@mpfel)fen,(b.)  recom- 
mend 

empfieblft, 
empfteblt 

empftebl 

empfabl 

empfable 
empfbble 

empfoblen 

@ffen,  (b.)  eat 

iffeft, 

i& 

a* 

afje 

gegeffen 

gfafjren,  (f.)  go 

fabrft, 
fabrt 

fubr 

fiibrc 

gefabren 

fatten,  (f.)  fall 

faat 

fid 

ftele 

gef  alien 

Sfanqen,  (b.)  catch 

fangft, 
fangt 

f»ng 
fteng 

ftngc 
ftcngc 

gefangen 

ftedjten,  (b.)  fight 

pebteft, 
ftcbt 

ficbt 

focbt 

focbtc 

gefocbten 

tftnben,  (bO  find 

fanb 

ffinbe 

gefunben 

ivlcditcu,  (I).)  twine 

fliebft, 
flicbt 

flicbt 

flocbt 

pebte 

geflocbtcn 

SUegen,  (f.)  fly 

(fleugft, 
fleugt) 

(fleug; 

flog 

pgc 

geflogcn 

3?liehen,  (f.)  flee 

(fleucbft, 
fleucbt) 

(fleurb) 

flob 

fltye 

gefloben 

tyltef?en,  (f.  andf).)  flow 

(fleufeeft, 
fleufet) 

(fleufe) 

flofc 

Pffe 

gefloffen 

ftragen,  (b.)  ask 

fragft  (fragft) 
fragt  (fragt) 

fragtc 
(frug) 

fragtc 
(fritge) 

gefragt 

gfreffen,  (b.)  devour 

friffeft, 
frifet 

frife 

frafc 

frdfje 

gefreffen 

3fricren,  (f.  and\).)  freeze 

fror 

frore 

gefroren 

gobr 

gobre 

gegobren 

1  brangen,  force,  is  transitive  and  regular. 


STRONG    AND    MIXED    VERBS. 


279 


Infinitive. 

Pres.  Indie. 

Imper. 

Impf.  Indie. 

Impf.  Subj 

j.  Past  Part. 

©ebdren,  (b.)  bear 

(gebterft, 
gebiert) 

gebier 

gebar 

gebare 

geboren 

©cben,  (b.)  give 

gtebft,  giebt 
gibft,  gibt 

gteb 
gib 

gab 

gabe 

gegeben 

©ebeiben,  (fO  thrive 

gcbtcb 

gebiebe 

gebieben 

©eben,  (f.)  go 

fling 

ginge 

gegangen 

©clingen,  (f.)  succeed 

gelang 

gelcinge 

gelungen 

©elten,  (b.)  be  worth 

giitft, 

flirt 

flilt 

gait 

gfilte 
golte 

gegotten 

©enefen,  (f.)  recover 

gena§ 

genafe 

genefen 

©ettteften,  (b.)  enjoy 

genofj 

genoffe 

genoffen 

©efcbebm,  (f.)  happen 

gefd)iebt 

gefebab 

gefebabe 

gefebeben 

©eroinnen,  (b.)  gain 

geroann 

geroanne 
geroonne 

geroonnen 

©icfjcn,  (b.)  pour 

(geufjeft, 
geufst) 

(geufj) 

flofj 

goffe 

gegoffen 

(Sieidyen,1  (b.)  resemble 

gltcb 

glicbe 

geglicben 

©Icttcn,2  (f.  and\).)  glide 

fllitt 

glitte 

geglitten 

©Itntmcn,  (b.)  gleam 

glomm 

glomme 

geglommen 

©raben,  (b.)  dig 

grabft, 
grabt 

grub 

griibe 

gegraben 

©rcifcn,  (b.)  gripe 

griff 

griffe 

gegrtffen 

•Oaben,  (b.)  have 

bat 

battc 

batte 

gebabt 

4?ulten,  (b.)  hold 

bdtt 

bielt 

Ijtelte 

gefyalten 

£angen,s  (b.)  hang 

bangft,  bttngt 

bing 

binge 

gebangen 

(bangft,  bangt) 

bieng 

bienge 

$auetl,  (b.)  hew 

breb 

biebe 

gebauen 

<£*ben,  (b.)  raise 

bob 
bub 

bobe 
biibe 

geljoben 

£etf|en,  (b.)  call 

biefe 

biefje 

gebeifjen 

Rcifcn,  (b.)  help 

Bilft 

bilf 

balf 

balfe 
biilfe 

gefyolfen 

ftetfen,*  (b.)  chide 

tiff 

liffe 

gefiffen 

ficmten,  (b.)  know 

tannic 

fennte 

gefannt 

SUteben,2  (b.  ««^f.)  cleave 

Hob 

flobe 

gefloben     • 

JfUtmmen,2  (b.  ««^f.)  climt 

flomm 

flbmme 

geflommen 

1  Usually  regular  when  transitive,  make  like,      2  Sometimes  regular.     8  bangen  is 
transitive  and  regular.     *  Usually  regular. 


280 


STRONG   AND    MIXED    VERBS. 


Infinitive. 

Pres.  Indie. 

Imper.  Ii 

npf.  Indie. 

Impf.  Subj 

.  Past  Part. 

Stltngcn,  (I).)  sound 

flang 

flange 
fliinge 

geflungen 

^netfen,1  (b.)  pinch 

fniff 

fntffe 

getniffen 

Eneipcn,2  (b.)  pinch 

(fntpp) 

(fntppe) 

(gefnippen) 

&omnten,  (f.)  come 

(fbmmft, 
fbmmt) 

fam 

fame 

gefommen 

&c>rmcti,  (b.)  can 

fann,  fannft, 
fann 

fonnte 

fbnnte 

gefonnt 

JSrtcdKH,  (b.  attd\.)  creep 
bitten,  (b.)  choose 

(treuebft, 
freucbt) 

(freucb) 

trod) 
for 

frocbe 
fore 

gefrocben 
geforen 

fiaben,3  (b.)  load,  invite 

labft, 
Idbt 

lub 

lube 

gelaben 

fiaffeit,  (b.)  let 

laffeft, 
lafit 

liefe 

liefje 

gelaffen 

£aufen,  (f.  and  b.)  run 

Iaufft, 
lauft 

lief 

liefe 

gelaufen 

fictben,  (b.)  suffer 

litt 

Utte 

gelitten 

Cethen,  (6.)  lend 

Iieb 

liebe 

gelieben 

£efen,  (b.)  read 
fitegert,  (b.)  He 

Hefeft, 
licft 

Iie§ 

Uri 

lag 

lafe 
Icige 

gelefen 
gelegen 

fiofd)cn,4  (I).)  go  out 

lifc&eft, 
Hfcbt 

Hfcb 

lofeb 

Ibfcbe 

gelofcben 

Sitgcn,  (b.)  tell  a  lie 

(leugft, 
leugt) 

(leug) 

log 

Ibge 

gelogen 

5ttahtcn,  (6.)  grind 
SDfcetben,  (b.)  shun 

(mablft, 
mdblt) 

(mubl) 
mieb 

(miible) 
miebe 

gemablen 
gemieben 

SDfcclfen,8  (b.,)  milk 

(milfft, 

mtlft) 

(milf) 

molf 

molfe 

gemolfen 

2Jieffen,  (b.)  measure 
SBfctflUngen,  (f.)  fail 

miffeft, 
tnifjt 

mifj 

mafe 
mifelang 

jitofee 
mifjldnge 

gemeffen 
mtfjlungen 

SERogen,  (b.)  may 

mag,  magft, 
mag 

mocbte 

mbd)te 

gemocbt 

ffifctiffen,  (b.)  must 

mufj,  mufjt, 
tnufj 

mufjte 

mufjte 

gemufjt 

SRehmen,  (6.)  take 
Steiuteii,  (b.)  name 

nimmft, 
ntmmt 

nimm 

nabm 
nannte 

ndbme 
nennte 

genommen 
genannt 

1  Sometimes  regular.      2  Usually  regular.     *  Also  regular. 
txtinguish. 


*  Regular  in  the  sense 


STRONG  AND  MIXED  VERBS. 


281 


Infinitive. 

Pres.  Indie. 

Imper. 

Impf.  Indie. 

Impf.  Sub 

j.   Past  Part. 

SPfdfcn,  (I).)  whistle 

Pfiff 

Ppffe 

gepfiffen 

^Jflegen,1  (ft.)  cherish 

Pflofl 

PffOfl 

pfloge 

gepflogen 

Vrctfcn,2  (ft.)  praise 

prte§ 

prtefe 

gepriefen 

£Juellen,3(f.  andfy.)  gush 

quiUft, 
quittt 

quill 

quoll 

qublle 

gequollen 

9tad)Cit,4  (I).)  avenge 

(rocft) 

(rocfte) 

gerodften 

9Kat(I))en,  (ft.)  advise 

rat(ft)ft, 
rat(ft) 

riet(ft) 

riet(ft)e 

gerat(ft)en 

Sftctben,  (6.)  rub 

ricb 

riebe 

gerieben 

?tctf?cit,  (6.  and\.)  tear 

rife 

riffe 

geriffen 

SWcttcn,2  (f.  ««^ft.)  ride 

ritt 

ritte 

gerttten 

SRennen,2  (f.  andi).)  run 

rannte 

(rennte) 

rennte 

gerannt 
(gerennt) 

Niedicn,  (ft.)  smell 

(reudftft, 
reucftt) 

(reudft) 

rod) 

rocfte 

gerodften 

?Ctlt;iCM,  (6.)  wring 

rang 
rung 

range 
riinge 

gerungen 

Tiiuiicu,  (f.  tf»a?ft.)  run 

. 

rann 

ranne 
rbnne 

geronnen 

9?ufen,  (ft.)  call 

rtef 

riefe 

gerufen 

<3aitfcn,  (I).)  drink 

faufft, 
fauft 

Toff 

foffe 

gefoffen 

2au,qen,  (ft.)  suck 

fog 

foge 

gefogen 

<2d)0ffcrt,5  (ft.)  create 

fcftuf 

fcftiife 

gefdftaffen 

(Sdjallen,1  (ft.)  sound 

fcftoU 

fcftblle 

gefcftoUen 

SdKtfrcn,  (f.  andfy.)  part 

fd>ieb 

fdfttebe 

gefeftieben 

2d)cinen,  (ft.)  appear 

fd)ien 

fcfttene 

gefeftienen 

•Sdieltcn,  (ft.)  scold 

fcftilft, 
fcftilt 

fefcttt 

fdftalt 

fcftdlte 
fcftblte 

gefdftolten 

2d)crcn,  (6.)  shear 

fcftierft, 
fcftiert 

fcftier 

fdftor 

fdftbre 

gefdftoren 

<2d)icbeu,  (ft.««^f.)  shove 

fcfiob 

fdftbbe 

gefdftoben 

<2d)te8en,  (ft.)  shoot 

(fdbeufeeft, 
fcfteufet) 

(fcfteufc) 

fc6o§ 

fcftbffe 

gefdftoffen 

®d)inben,  (6.)  flay 

fdftunb 

fdftiinbe 

gefeftunben 

<Sd)lafen,  (ft.)  sleep 

fcftlafft, 
fcftlaft 

fcftUef 

fdftltefe 

gefdftlafen 

<2d)ia,qcn,  (ft.««</f.)  strike  fcftlagft, 
fd&lfigt 

fcftlug 

fdftliige 

gefdfttagen 

1  Also  regular.     2  Sometimes  regular.     3  Regular  in  the  sense  soak,  swell.    4  Mostly 
regular.     5  Regular  in  other  senses. 


282 


STRONG    AND    MIXED    VERBS. 


Infinitive.  Pres.  Indie. 

Zd)hid)cn,  (S.andfy.)  sneak 

Zdyltifen,1  (b.  and].)  whet 

Ckftttffeil,  (b.  a»</f.)  slit      ...... 

®d)Ucfen,  (f.)  slip  

©djltefien,  (&.)  shut  (fcbleufjeft, 

fdjleufet) 
3d>Itngen,  (b.)  sling  

2d)me tffcii,  (b.)  smite  

@d)meljen,2  (f.)  melt  fcbmtljeft, 

fcbmiljt 

Sdniaubcn,3  (6.)  snort  

gdmctben,  (b.)  cut  

Sdiraubcn,4  (b.)  screw         

®d)recfcn,2  (f.)  be  afraid      febrtctft, 
fcbriclt 

Zdneibcn,  (b.)  write  

<3d)rden,  (b.)  cry  

®d)rcften,  (f.)  stride  

Zdymaven,  (J).and\.)  ulcer-  (febroterft, 
ate  febraiert) 

Sdirociqcn,2  (b.)  be  silent     

®d)tt»cnen,*  (\,andi).)  swell  fdjroillft, 
jcbroiQt 

Sdmmnmcn,  (b.  and f .)       

swim 

<3d)n>tnben,  (f.)  vanish         

(2d)n>tn<jen,  (b.)  swing         

Sdiroorcrt,  (b.)  swear  

®eben,  (b.)  see  fiebft, 

ftebt 
<2ein,  (f.)  be  bin,  bift, 

tft  2C. 

®cnfccn,*  (b.)  send  

®fefcen,«  (b.)  boil  

ZinQCti,  (b.)  sing  

(Zinfen,  (f.)  sink 


Imper.  Impf.  Indie.  Impf.  Subi.   Past  Part. 

feblid)  fcblicbe  gefd>Iicben 

f$Kff  fcbliffc  gefcbliffen 

fcblifc  fcbliffc  gefcbliffen 

f<b!off  fcblbffe  gefcbloffen 

(fcbleufc)   fcblofe  fcblbffe  gefcbloffen 

fcblang  fcblange  gefcblungen 

febmifc  febmiffe  gefcbmtffen 

fcbmtlj       fcbmolj  febmblje  gefdjmoljen 

febnob  fcbnbbe  gefebnoben 

febnitt  febnitte  gefebmtten 

febrob  febrbbe  gefebroben 

febrief        febraf  febrafe  gefcbrodEen 

febrieb  febriebe  gefebrieben 

febrie  febriee  gefebrieen 

febrttt  febritte  gefebritten 

febroor  febrobre  gefebrooren 

febroieg  febroiege  gefebroiegen 

fcbroill       fcbrooll  fdbrobHe  gefcbroollen 

febroamm  fdbroammegefcbroommeit 

jcbroomtn  febrobmme 

febroanb  febroanbe  gefebrounben 

febrounb  febroiinbe 

febroang  febroange  gefebroungen 

febroung  febroiinge 

fdbroor  febrobre  gefebrooren 

febrour  febroiire 

fteb  fab  falje  gefeben 

fei  roar  roare  geroefen 

fanbte  fenbete  gefanbt 

fenbete  gefenbet 

fott  ftebete  gefotten! 

fang  fange  gefungen 

fan!  fanfe  gefunfen 


1  Regular  in  other  senses.      2  Regular  when  transitive.     3  Also  regular;  sometimes 
written  fdmieben.    *  Also  regular. 


STRONG    AND    MIXED    VERBS. 


283 


Infinitive.                        Pres.  Indie. 
<2imiett,  (b.  and].)  think      


<3i$en,  (&.)  sit 
Solicit,  (&.)  should 

Spctcn,  (&.)  spit 
2ptnncn,  (6.)  spin 


foil,  foOft, 
jott 


Imper.  Impf.  Indie.  Impf.  Subj.  Past  Part. 

fann  fcinne        gefonnen 

fiinne 

fafc  fa&e  gefeffen 

foUte         foUte         gefollt 


2plet#en,  (i).  and].)  split     

®pred)en,  (I).)  speak  fprtcbft, 

fpric&t 

(Sprtefleit,1  (f.  and§.)  sprout  (fpreu&eft, 
fpreu&t) 

©prtitficii,  (f.  andf).)  spring 

®tccJ)cn,  (&•)  prick  ftid^ft, 

fticbt 

<2tedPen,2  0).)  stick  (fttctft, 

ftitft) 

Stchcn,  (&,.  a»rff.)  stand       

<2tehkn,  (h.)  steal  ftie^Ift, 

ftteblt 

CtclgCtlf  (\.and\).)  ascend     

Sterben,  (f.)  die  ftirbft, 

ftirbt 

Sttcbcn,  (b.  #«d? f.)  disperse 

Sttttfcn,  (*).)  stink  

Stolen,  (ft.and].)  push        ftbfjeft, 

®trcid)cn,  (b.)  stroke  

Strciten,  (b.)  strive  

Shun,  (b.)  do  

Xragcn,  (b.)  carry  tragft, 

tragt 

Sreffen,  (b.)  hit  triffft, 

trtfft 

Srcibcn,  (b.  and].)  drive        

$Wten,  (I),  and].)  tread        trtttft, 
tritt 


fpie 

fptee 

gefptcen 

fpemn 

fpfinne 
fpfinne 

gefponnen 

fplt* 

fpttffe 

gefpliffcn 

fpricb 

jpracb 

fprfidje 

gefprodjen 

(fpreufe) 

fprofc 

fprijffe 

gefproffen 

fprang 

fprange 

gefprungeti 

m 

ftacb 

ftctcfic 

geftodjen 

(fti<0 

(ftal) 

(ftale) 

(geftodjen) 

ftanb 

ftanbe 

geftanben 

ftunb 

ftiinbe 

ftiebl 

ftabl 

fta^Ie 

geftobjen 

fto^l 

ftBbJe 

fticg 

ftiegc 

gefticgen 

ftirb 

ftarb 

ftarbe 
ftiirbe 

geftorben 

ftob 

ftobe 

geftoben 

flanl 

ftanle 

geftunlen 

ftunf 

ftiinfe 

ftiefc 

ftiefje 

geftofjen 

ftricb 

ftridjc 

geftridjen 

ftritt 

ftritte 

geftritten 

tbat 

tljcite 

getban 

trug 

trilgc 

gctragen 

triff 


tritt 


traf 

trieb 
trat 


trdfc         gctroffen 


triebe 
trate- 


gctricben 
gctrctcn 


1  fproffen  is  regular.     2  Usually  regular ;  always  when  transitive. 


284 


STRONG    AND    MIXED    VERBS. 


Infinitive.  Pres.  Indie. 

Sxiefen,1  (b.  and\.)  drip      (treufft, 
treuft) 


Imper.  Impf.  Indie.  Impf.  Subj.  Past  Part, 
(treuf)       iroff  troffe        getroffen 


*rtnfen,  (I).)  drink 

tranl 
trunf 

trante 
triinfe 

getrunfen 

Sritgen,  (b.)  deceive 

trog 

troge 

getrogen 

©erfcerben,2  (f.  andf).)  spoil  oerbirbft, 

oerbtrb 

rjerbarb 

oerbarbe   oerborben 

tierbirbt 

nerbiirbi 

aSertrtefJen,  (^0  vex 



oerbrofj 

oerbrbffi 

s   oerbroffen 

Sergeffen,  (b.)  forget 

oergtffeft, 
oergtfct, 

oergifj 

oergafe 

oergafje 

oergeffen 

93erlteren,  (b.)  lose 

oerlor 

nexlore 

oerloren 

2Bad)fcn,  (f.)  grow 

road)jeft, 
roaebft 

roud)§ 

roiiebfe 

geroaebfen 

25>agcn,  (b.)  weigh 

roog 

rooge 

geroogen 

2Bafchcn,  (6.)  wash 

roajebeft, 
roafebt 

roufdj 

roiifebe 

geroafdjen 

2Beben,s  (|0  weave 

roob 

robbc 

gerooben 

rota) 

roicbe 

gerotcben 

SBetfen,  (b.)  show 

roie§ 

roiejc 

gerotefen 

2Benben,s  (b.)  turn 

roanbte 
roenbete 

roenbete 

geroanbt 
geroenbet 

2Berben,  (b.)  sue 

roirbft, 
rotrbt 

roirb 

roarb 

rodrbe 
rourbe 

geroorben 

SBerben,  (j.)  become 

rotrft, 
roirb 

roarb 
rourbe 

rourbe 

geroorben 

2Berfen,  (b.)  throw 

roirfft, 
rotrft 

roirf 

roarf 

roarfc 
rourfe 

geroorfen 

2Biegen,6  (b.)  weigh 

roog 

rooge 

geroogen 

2Binben,  (b.)  wind 

roartb 

rocinbe 

gerounben 

2BtfFett,  (b.)  know 

roetfj,  roetfet, 
roeifj 

roufjte 

roufjte 

geroufjt 

2BofIen,  (b.)  will 

roitt,  roWft, 
roia 

rooUte 

rooUte 

geroollt 

*tcthcn,  (b-)  accuse 

Sieb 

Jtebe 

gejieben 

;{tcl)cn,  (b.)  draw 

(jeucbft, 
jeucbt) 

(jeud?) 

8«8 

joge 

gejogen 

Snmtgen,  (b.)  force 

jroang 

jroange 

gejroungen 

1  Often  regular.     2  Regular  when  transitive.     3  Also  regular.     *  Regular  in  the  sense 
to/ten.     6  Regular  in  the  sense  rock* 


VOCABULARIES. 


I. 


GERMAN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


The  Arabic  numerals  refer  to  sections,  not  to  pages,  unless  so  indicated. 

Most  of  the  abbreviations  used  in  the  Vocabulary  are  self-explanatory. 

Following  a  noun  are  the  indications  for  gender  (m.  for  masculine,  f.  for  feminine,  «. 
for  neuter),  of  the  formation  of  the  genitive  singular,  with  the  exception  of  feminines 
(40, 2.),  and  of  the  nominative  plural,  unless  it  is  wanting,  thus :  Slbettb,  m.  -i,  -e.  If  the 
nominative  plural  has  the  same  form  as  the  singular,  it  is  indicated  by  a  dash  (see  5ld)tel). 
The  principal  parts  of  strong  and  of  mixed  verbs  are  given,  but  not  those  of  weak  (or  reg- 
ular) verbs.  Intransitive  verbs  that  take  fetn  as  their  auxiliary,  or  sometimes  fein  and 
sometimes  baben,  have  an  f.  (or  f).  and  f.)  following  "intr."  ;  the  absence  of  such  abbre- 
viations indicates  that  the  auxiliary  is  buben  alone. 

Definitions,  identical  in  origin  with  the  German  word  defined,  or  closely  allied,  are 
printed  in  hold-face  type.     Words  more  remotely  related  are  printed  in  small  capitals. 

The  number  of  syllables,  their  quantity,  and  the  place  of  the  principal  accent,  are  indi- 
cated after  each  word,  thus:  abftchrit  (^-"X  In  the  case  of  prefixes  that  are  used 
sometimes  as  separable  and  sometimes  as  inseparable  (232),  the  accent  distinguishes,  as  the 
inseparable  prefix  is  never  accented. 


ab  (**),  adv.  and  separable  prefix,  off, 
down.    Ottf  UltU  ab,  up  and  down. 

abbe  fie  den  (^ww^  tr.  countermand. 

abbrccbcn  (^vv),  -brad),  -gebrod)en,  tr. 
break  off,  pluck,  pick. 

abbrennen^^-brannte^gebrannt,  tr. 
burn  off,  intr.  f .  be  burnt  down. 

abbanfen  (,5vv),  tr.  dismiss  with  thanks; 
discharge. 

5lbenb  (-w),  m.  -§,  -e,  evening.  (be§) 
2Ibenb§,  in  the  evening,  jit  —  effen,  sup. 
-brot  ^r-effen,  n.  supper.  — glodE e,_/I  cur- 
few, -lauten,  n.  peal  of  evening-bells, 
vesper-bells.  -fonnenfdjein,  m.  evening 
sunshine. 

abenfed  (-«),  adv.    See  3tbenb. 

aber  (-w),  conj.  but,  however. 

abfabren  (?-"),  -fubr,  -gefabren,  intr.  f. 
drive  off,  start. 


3(«  nbfrf)laflcu. 

abforbern  05""),  tr.  demand. 

abgeben  05-"),  -gab,  -gegeben,  tr.  give 

up,  leave, 
a btie hen  05-"),  -gtng,  -gegangen,  intr.  f. 

go  off,  start, 
ab flopten  05""),  tr.  knock  off. 
ablegen  05-"),  tr.  lay  off,  remove. 
abmad)cn  0s""),  tr.  settle. 
abnefmteit  05-")*  -nabm,  -genommen,  tr. 

take  off. 
abrat(b)en  05-  «),  -riet(b),  -gerat(b)en,  tr. 

dissuade  (one,  dat.)  from. 
Slbretfe  {*-^),f.  departure. 
abretfen  05-"),  intr.  f.  set  out,  leave,  de- 
part, 
abrcijjen  05-"),  -rtfc,  -geriffen,  tr.  tear 

off. 
abfdUatien  (*-v),  -fd)Iug,  -gefd)lagen,  tr. 

knock  off. 


Those  verbs  are  called  mixed  that  change  the  radical  vowel  in  certain  forms,  like  strong 
verbs,  but  otherwise  are  conjugated  like  weak  verbs.  They  try  to  be  on  both  sides  of  the 
fence,  like  "  scurvy  politicians." 

287 


nbitfjvcibcn. 


288 


Wnucnfen. 


abfd)reiben  (^-u),  -fcbrieb,  -gefcbrieben, 

tr.  •write  off,  transcribe,  copy. 
2lbfid)t  (?v),  f  -en,  intention,  purpose, 

design, 
abfprcngcn  0**"*),  intr.  f.  gallop   away; 

tr.  break  off. 
abfrcbcn  (<s-«),  -ftanb,  -geftanbcn,  intr.  f. 

or  b.  stand  off,  desist. 
abfietgen  05-"),  -ftteg,  -geftiegcn,  intr. 

f.  dismount,  alight. 
abtoctfcn  («5-w),-nrie3,-getDiefen,  /r.  send 

away,  dismiss. 
abroerfeit   0*ww),  -nmrf,  -geroorfen,  tr. 

throw  off. 
ab^ahlctt  (*-M)i  <Sr.  tell  off,  subtract. 
afyieben  (<•-»»),  -jog,  -gejogen,  *r.  pull 

off,  take  off,  take  out ;  abstract. 
ad)  0s),  inter/,  ah!  oh!  alas! 
i.  acbt  05),  num.  eight,    fieute  iiber  — 

£age,  this  day  week,  a  week  from  to-day. 

-jebn,  num.  eighteen ;   -jebnt,    num. 

adj.  eighteenth. 

2.  3ld)t  0s),./  -en,  the  number  eight. 

3.  adyt  0s),  ber,  bie,  ba§  acbte,  wirwr.  «*#. 
eighth,  -balb,  (eighth  half,  /.  e.) 
seven  and  a  half. 

4.  2ld)t  0s),  f.  attention,  heed,  care,  recbt 
—  geben,  give  good  heed. 

3ld)tel  {**$  n.  -3,  — ,  eighth  part, 
eighth. 

ad)tjtg  (*v),  mum.  eighty. 

ad)tjtgfr  (<•*»),  num.  adj.  eightieth. 

abbi(e)ren  (w-w),  tr.  add. 

ab(l»)rcfTt(c)rcn,  (w"-w),  ft",  direct  (a  let- 
ter);  ADDRESS. 

Slbjcctio  («w-),  «.,  -4,  -e,  adjective. 
-enbung,  adjective  ending. 

ablCU  or  abjeu  (--,  «J  M  French),  interj. 
adieu,  good-by(e). 

-21  tier  (-«),  m.  -3,  — ,  eagle. 

5lffc  0s  w),  *«.  -n,  -n,  ape,  monkey. 

afrifanifd)  (-«-«),  «<#.  African. 

a  linen  (-u),  /r.  have  a  presentiment  of, 
divine,  suspect,  surmise. 

almlid)  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  like,  resem- 
bling, similar. 

albertl  0s"),  adj.  or  adv.  silly. 

all  0s),  indef.  pron.  and  pronH  adj.  : 
1.  collectively ;  all ;  2.  distributively, 
every,  each,  all.  "MlleS,  all,  everything, 
every  one.    in  compos.:   -gemein,  adj. 


general,  -junta I,  adv.  all  at  once,  all  to- 
gether, one  and  all. 

afle  0s  u),  — f  ammt,  adv.  altogether,  -jcit, 
adv.  at  all  times. 

alletn  (w-),  adj.  or  adv.  alone ;  conj.  only, 
but. 

a  Ik' nth  albeit  ('"x"),  adv.  everywhere. 

aflcr  0s"),  gen.  pi.;  -biug§,  adv.  to  be 
sure.  Often  prefixed  to  superlatives  with 
intensive  force :  -alteft,  adj.  Oldest  of 
all,  very  oldest,  -fjoebjt,  adj.  most  high, 
highest.  -liebft,  adj.  most  lovely, 
charming,  delightful. 

oXi  0s),  conj.  as,  as  being  :  1.  after  a  com- 
parative, than;  2.  with  definite  past 
tense,  when,  as.  -balb,  adv.  forthwith, 
immediately.     (Page  113,  note  6.) 

alfo  C*5-,  rare  «-),  adv.  and  conj.  thus, 
in  this  manner;  accordingly,  therefore, 
-balb,  same  as  al$balb. 

alt  0s),  adj.  or  adv.  (alter,  alteft  or  altft), 
old. 

Slltar  0s-,  also  «-),  m.  or  n.  -c3,  -are, 
altar. 

3Utcr  0s"),  n.  -3,  — ,  age,  old  age. 

a  Item  0s  w),  intr.  grow  old. 

alteft,  altft  (*•»,  *).     See  alt. 

am  (**)  =  an  bem. 

5lmertfa  ("-««),  «.  -3,  America. 

5lmerifaner  («•-*#<»#),  w.  -3,  —  Ameri- 
can.   (233). 

amevtfanifd)  (w-w-«),  adj.  American. 
(233). 

3lmfcl  (*«) ,/  -n,  ousel,  blackbird. 

an  0s),  tf^.  #«<^  seftable  prefix,  on,  up. 
Prep.:  1.  of  position,  with  dat.  or  accus. 
at  <?r  to  the  side  <?r  edge  of,  close  by,  by, 
against,  along;  2.  of  time,  on,  upon,  at; 
3.  z'«  other  relations,  of,  to,  at,  by,  by 
reason  of,  by  means  of.  er  leibet  —  &opf * 
tt»eb,  he  suffers  from  headache.  —  ®ott 
glauben,  believe  in  God.    (316, 1.) 

"JlnauaS  (-wu),  /•  pine-apple. 

anbieten  05-"),  -bot,  -geboten,  tr.  offer. 

anbintcn  0s""),  -banb,  -gebunben,  tr, 
bind  on,  fasten,  tie. 

SluMicr"  («*»),  m.  -3,  -e,  on-look,  sight, 

ASPECT. 

anbenfen  0s""),  -bad)te,  -gebadjt,  tr, 

think  on. 
51  n  ten  Feu    05""),    «.    -3,    — ,    remem- 


anfcer. 


289 


*#. 


brance,  souvenir ;  jum  — ,  as  a  keep-sake. 

aucer  (>5u),  proriladj.  other,  else,  differ- 
ent, unter  Slnbern  (u. 91.),  among  others; 
among  other  things. 

anberS  O5"),  adv.  otherwise,  differently. 

a  it  berth  a  lb  (,5ww),  indecl.  adj.  (other  or 
second  half,  i.  e.)  one  and  a  half.  (244,  c  2.) 

aneirpien  (°-u),  tr.  take  for  one's  own, 
appropriate,     fid)  — ,  acquire. 

5Inerbteten  0*M-W),  «.  -§,  offer. 

an  fa  lien  (*»"*),  -fiel,  -gefallen,  /r.  fall 
upon,  attack. 

5infang  («*«),  w.  -3,  -ange,  beginning. 

anfangcit  (*««),  -frng,  -gefangen,  /r. 
begin,  commence. 

5Infanger  (*ww)»  w.  -§,  —  (/-in,  113), 
beginner. 

angebeu  (*-»»),  -gab,  -gegeben,  *r.  men- 
tion, state. 

angebeu  («-«),  -fling,  -gegangen,  tr.  go 
to,  concern. 

3(na.clegenbctt  (*v-u-),  y;  _en,  con* 
cernrriint,  concern,  affair. 

nngcticbm  C*w-)i  adj.  or  adv.  accepta- 
ble, agreeable,  pleasant. 

5lngeftcht  (<5wu),  «.  -3,  -er,  face,  coun- 
tenance. 

angldiqen  (*yv),  tfr.  cast  a  glare  or 
glance  on,  shine  upon. 

Sttgftfg  =»  diigftltcb  05"),  adj.  or  adv. 

ANXIOUS. 

an  babe  ii  (^-w),  -batte,  -gebabt,  *V.  have 
on,  wear. 

anbalteu  (>5«w),  -bjelt,  -gebalten,  tr. 
hold  on  to,  stop. 

aubaltcub  (-uu),  a  '/.  or  adv.  continu- 
ously). 

aiibangen  05""),  tr.  cause  to  hang  on, 
attach  (to  the  neck  of),  append. 

anflagcn  (v5-w),  tr.  accuse. 

anfleifcen  05-"),  tr.  put  clothes  upon, 
dress. 

aufcmimeit  (*ww),  -fam,  -gefotmnen,  *>o?r. 
f.  arrive,  come. 

aulegcn  (^-w),  /r.  lay  on,  put  (a  gun)  to 
(the  shoulder),  take  aim. 

cmmctcbcn  O5"^),  tr.  kindle. 

anmafjen  (*-v),  tr.  assume  (unduly),  pre- 
tend.   (348). 

anmelben  (v5uw),  tr.  announce,  introduce, 
fid)  — ,  present  one's  self. 


5lnmerfuttg  (**»*^J^  -en,  remark. 
aiiucbmeit  (<*-«),  -nabm,  -genommen,  /r. 

take  on,  accept,  assume,  receive. 
anreben  (*-*),  tr.  address. 
anfrbnaHen  05""),  tr.  buckle  on. 
aufebcit  05-"),  -fab,  -gejeben,  *r.  look 

on  or  at,  regard,  consider. 
2Infehen   O5-^),    «.   -i,    aspect,    look. 

tion  — ,  by  sight, 
auffatr   (wv5),  /r<?/4.  wz'M  gen.  instead,  in 

place,  in  lieu.    (317). 
51  n  ft  e  Hung   05""),  /  -en,   employ,  em- 
ployment. 
aufrimmen  (v5wu),  tr.  begin  to  sing,  strike 

up. 
5lntlt$  (iu),  n.  -e§,  -e,  face,  countenance. 
5lntrieb  f*-),  #*.  -§,  -e,  impulse,  motive. 
5lutroort  05"),  /  -en,  word  in  return, 

answer. 
antmorten  (*«»),  tr.  answer,  reply, 
iiniuciibeit  (v5ww),  -nmnbte  or  -roenbete, 

-geroanbt  or  -geroenbet,  tr.  employ, 
attmcfettb  05-"),  adj.  present, 
aiqcigen  f -«),  tr.  point  out. 
au;tcbcn  (•5-w),  -jog,  -gejogen,  tr.  draw 
on,   attract,    draw    or    put    on    (as 
clothes), 
aiqunceu  O5""),  tr.  kindle,  light. 
5lpfel  (*«*),  w.  -§,  Spfel,  apple,  -baum, 

JW.  apple-tree,     -roein,  m.  cider.   (36V.) 
Slprtfofe  (wu-w), /  -n,  apricot. 
5Ipril  ("*),  m.  -3,  -e  (mr*),  April. 
5irbeit  (*-),  /.  -en,   work.    -Sjimmer, 

work-room. 
arbetten  05-"),  tr.  or  intr.  work,  labor, 

execute,  make. 
5Ubeiter  («*-«),  **.  -§,  —  (/  -in,  113), 

workman,  laborer. 
5lrger  (*««),  **.  -§,  vexation, 
drgevlid)  (*vw),  #<#'.  or  adv.  annoying  to, 

annoyed. 
5lrte  (rvv),f.  -n,  aria,  air,  tune,  song. 
51  rm  (?),  m.  -e§,  -e,  arm,  branch,  -fhtbl, 

m.  arm-chair,  easy-chair.     (369.) 
arm  (^),  armer,  armft,  adj.  or  adv.  poor, 

scanty. 
arm  ltd)  ("*w)i  adj.  or  adv.  poor,  scanty. 
5lrt  («*),  /  -en,  kind,  sort. 
5irttfel  («-"),  «*.  -3,  — ,  article. 
5lr*t  (<  or  -),  m.  -e§,  ^rjte,  physician, 
doctor. 


afuuifd). 


290 


%uSfjirad)e. 


aftattfd)  (-u-u),  adj.  or  adv.  Asiatic. 
2lfl  (*),  m.  -eg,  2J[fte,  branch,  bough. 
2lt(h)cm  (**fc  m.-$,  breath. 
a t(h)me it  (-  w),  Mfe  breathe, 
dlid)   (-),  dtffo.  ^r  £•<?«/.  eke,  also,  even ; 
after  roer,  mag,  roelcber,  rote,  roo,  roann, 
ever,  soever. 
OUf(z).    i.  adv.  and  separable  prefix,  up, 
upwards ;   2.  /rv/.  {with  dat.  or  accus.) 
upon,  on,  after,  for  at,  in,   of,  to.   (316 
and  2.)  —  baft,  in  order  that.   —  einmal, 
all  at  once.    —  unb  ab,  up  and  down, 
er,  !am  —  un§  ju,  he  came  up  to  us.     auf 
Sbrer  Ubt,  by  your  watch,  auf  bag  2anb, 
into  the  country, 
aufbaueii  (--w),  tr.  build  up,  erect,    ficb 

— ,  rise. 
?l  u  tenth  alt  (-""),  nt.  -g,  -e,  stay. 
-Jlufgabc  (--^),  /  -U,  task,  lesson. 
aufge&m  (-*-«),  -ging,  -gegangen,  intr. 

go  up,  open, 
miff)  a!  ten  (-wu),   -bielt,   -gebalten,  tr. 

hold  up,  detain,     fid)  — ,  stop,  stay. 
OUfhorctt  (--v),  z«^r.   stop,   cease,   give 

over. 
anflefen  (--w),  -lag,  -gelefen,  tr.  gather 

<?r  pick  up. 
cuiftitadicn  (~vv),  /r.  open,    fid)  — ,  rise, 
fliifinerfen  (- w  w),  intr.  pay  attention,  take 

heed,  mark. 
anfrajfen  (-ww),  *r.  rake  up.    fid) — ,  rise 

quickly,  start  up. 
anfS  (-)  =  auf  bag. 
5luffa$  (-«),  m.  -eg,  -fa^e,  composition, 

essay, 
auf  jYpoit  (-wu),  tr.  set  upon,  put  on  (ben 

£ut). 
anffprtngen  (-wu),  -fprang,  -gefprungen, 
/'«*r.  }.  spring  up,  start  up ;  fly  open, 
burst. 
aufftehen(--w),  -ftanb,  -geftanben,  intr. 

f .  stand  up,  get  up. 
auftragen  (--«),  -trug,  -getragen,   tr. 
carry  on  to  {dat.),  lay  on ;  bring  on  the 
table,  serve, 
au fiu tid) eu    (-«"),    intr.    f.    wake    up, 

awake. 
aufroarten  (-«u),  intr.  wait  upon  {dat.), 

attend. 
aufroecfcn  (-«"),  tr.  wake  up,  awake. 
aufjiehen  (--w),  -jog,  -gejogen,  tr.  draw 


up  or  open,  pull  up.  bie  Ubr  — ,  wind 
up. 

3luge  (<«*),  n.  -g,  -n,  eye.  -nblicf,  m. 
(glance  of  the  eyes ;  hence)  moment,  im 
-nblicf,  in  a  moment,  in  the  twinkling  of 
an  eye.  -nblicf  licb,  adj.  or  adv.  immedi- 
ately).   (370,  2.) 

Sluoufr  (-«*),  m.  -g,  August  {month). 

aui  {-).  1.  adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  out, 
forth;  2.  prep,  {dat.)  out  of,  from;  of 
(315). 

auSbeffern  (-«w),  tr.  put  in  better  con- 
dition,  mend. 

auSetnanfcer  {--*»),  adv' I  phrase,  forth 
from  one  another,  apart,  -geben,  intr. 
disperse. 

attifaOen  (•*«»'),  -ftel,  -gefaOen,  intr.  f. 
fall  out,  turn  out,  result. 

MttftfUfl  (--),  m.  -eg,  -fliige,  flying  out, 

EXCURSION. 

auSfiihren  (--«),  tr.  carry  out,  execute. 

MiifftOen  (*««X  *■•  AH  out,  fill  up. 

auSgefcehnt  (-"-),  adj.  extensive. 

a xieig elicit  (--«),  -ging,  -gegangen,  /«/r. 

f.  go  out. 
3lu3gen>anberte  (•««»»«*»),  ber  (bie),  the 

emigrant. 
auSgteften  (--«),   -gofj,   -gegoffen,   tr. 

pour  out. 
auSlaffen  (-ww),  -liefj,  -gelaffen,  *r.  let 

Out,  leave  out,  omit. 
audltefern  (--«),  tr.  deliver  up. 
ait-M6fd)ett    (-ww),    tr.    extinguish,    put 

out. 
niisnmdien    (-««),  tr.  make  out;   put 

out.     eg  macb.  t  nicbtg  au$,  never  mind. 
auSrufen  (*-"),  -rtef,  -gerufen,  /r.  cry 

OUt,  Call  OUt,  EXCLAIM. 

auSmben  {--v),  intr.  rest  out,  rest  fully, 
repose. 

auSfeben  (--«),  -fab, -gefeben,  Mtfr.  look, 
appear,  seem. 

3lu3febeu  (--"),  n.  -g,  appearance. 

auften  (-«),  adv.  without. 

auftcr  (-w).  1.  Prep  with  dat.  outside  of, 
out  of,  besides ;  2  -bent,  adv.  besides, 
moreover,  -fyalb,  adv.,  or  prep,  with 
gen.  or  dat.,  on  the  outside  of.   (317.) 

a' lifter  ft  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  outermost, 
uttermost,  extreme.  (199,  2.) 

SIudfpradK  (■£-v),  /  pronunciation. 


WuSftcflung. 


291 


BefjagHd). 


SluSftellung  (-""),  /  -en,  setting  out, 

exposition,  exhibition. 
auStretben  (--"),  -trteb,  -getrieben,  tr. 

drive  out,  expel. 
auSroanbern  (-ww),  Mr<  !•  wander  out, 

emigrate. 


audroeitbig  (-uu),  «*#.  or  adv.  outside; 

by  heart. 
auSrieben  (*-«),  -jog,  -gejogen,  /r.  draw 

out,  extract,  take  off;  intr.  f.  march 

out ;  remove  (from  a  house). 


baav  or  bar  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  bare  ;  pure ; 

in  cash.     ba(a)re§  ©elb,  ready  money, 

cash. 
Sad)  (<*),  m.  -e3,  -acfie,  brook. 
Sdd)lettt  (<*-),  «.  -§,  — ,  brooklet, 
bacfen  (**'),  bu!  or  batfte,  gebaden,  *r. 

bake. 
Sab  05  ««</  ^),  «.  -e§,  -aber,  bath.  (375.) 
baben  (-w),  jV.  <?r  AriSr.  bathe. 
Sabeort  (-uw),  »*.  -3,  -orter,  bathing- 
place. 
Sabu  (-),  f.  -en,  path,  road,  track,  course. 

-bof,  m.  railway-station. 
balb  (■*),  adv.  x>on.    balb balb , 

now ....   now . . . . ;  at  one  time  ....  at 

another  time. 

1.  San  (>*),  m.  -e§,  -fine,  ball. 

2.  Sail  05),  w.  -e§,  -alle,  ball,  dancing 
party. 

Sanb  (f),  m.  -e§,  -finbe,  volume ;  binding. 
bang(c)  (^w),  «<#".  or  adv.  anxious  (347). 
Sanr  (<*),/,  -ante,  bench.    (371.) 
Sdr  (-),  m.  -en,  -en,  bear. 
Sdrenfiihrer  (-w-u),  m.  -3,  — ,  one  who 

leads  a  bear.  \cf.  bear-herd,  Shak.]  (377.) 
Sarbier  («-),  m.  -§,  -e,  barber. 
batbi(e)ren  («-u),  tr.  shave. 
Sart  (-),  m.  -e§,  Sarte,  beard,    ben  — 

fd)e(e)ren,  shave. 
Safe  (-"),  f.  -n,  female  relative,  cousin. 
batten  C*w}j  &*.  build,  r<?/?.  rise  high,  over- 
top. 
Sauer  (-«),  »*.  -§  <?r-n,  — or-n,  peasant 

(368),  boor. 
Saum  (-),  m.  -e§,  93aume,  tree;  beam. 

-roolle,  /  cotton, 
bdumen  (-u),  refl.  raise  one's  self  upright 

(like  a  tree),  rise  on  the  hind  feet,  rear, 

prance. 
Sdumtetn  (■*-),  «.  -3,  — ,  little  tree. 
beabftcbten  or  beabft'ebttgeu  («*«(«)-), 

dr.  intend. 


btantWOVUn  ("^^  r>.  answer. 

bebanten  (u<5w),  /r.  thank  ;  reyf.  refuse, 
decline,  return  thanks  (for). 

bebauern  (w-u),  tr.  regret. 

bebecfen  (w,iu),  <rs  cover. 

bebeitten  (w-u),  tr.  mean,  signify,  presage. 

bebeuteub  (w-w),  adj.  or  adv.  consider- 
able, important. 

bebtenen  (w-u),  tr.  serve;  rejl.  make  use 
(of). 

bebiirfen  (w,5v),  -burfte,  -burft,  intr. 
(with  gen.)  or  tr.  need. 

beburfttg  (w,5u),  adj.  needy,  in  want  (of). 

bechren  (wZv),  tr.  honor. 

beetlen  ("-"),  r<y?.  hasten. 

beenben  or  beenbigen  (yjsi(v)v),  <r.  put 
an  end  to,  finish. 

Seere  (-v), /•  -n,  berry. 

Sefebl(w-),  m.  -§,  -e,  command.  -Sbaber, 
?«.  commander. 

befeblen  (u-w),  -fabl,  -foblen,  zy.  com- 
mand, order.  (346.) 

befiinben  (u,5w),  -fanb,  -funben,  refl.  find 
one's  self ;  chance  to  be ;  be  (in  respect 
to  health  or  the  like). 

befolgen  (u,5u),  tr.  follow,  obey. 

begeben  (w-u),  -gab,  -geben,  refl.  betake 
one's  self ;  occur,  happen. 

begegnen  ("-"),  intr.  f.  (with  dat.)  fall  in 
with,  meet ;  befall,  occur  to.  (346.) 

begtnnen  (u,5w),  -gann,  -gonnen,  tr. 
begin. 

begletten  ("-«),  tr.  accompany. 

Segletter  ("-").  m.  -3,  — ,  companion. 

Segletterm  ("-""),/.  -nen,  companion. 

begreffen  (u-u), -griff, -griff en,  tr.  (take 
hold  upon;  i.  e.)  comprehend,  under- 
stand, CONCEIVE. 

befmgen  (v'v),  intr.  (only  in  third  jiers.) 
with  dat.  please,  suit,  gratify.  (346.) 

bebag  I  id)  (w-w),  adj.  or  adv.  agreeabie, 
comfortable. 


fceljaiten. 


292 


Befidnbig. 


bebalten  (w>5w),  -bielt,-bebalten,  tr.  hold 
on  upon,  keep. 

behatipicit  ("-"),  tr.  maintain,  affirm. 

bebelfen  £***$.  -balf,  -bolfen,  refi.  (with 
mit)  help  one's  self  with;  get  along, 
make  a  shift. 

bet  (-),  sep^ bie  prefix  and  adv.  near,  near 
by ;  prep,  with  dat.  by,  by  the  side  of, 
near ;  at,  in,  with,  among,  about ;  at  the 
house  of  {French,  chez).  bie  <Sti)Iad)t 
—  SBaterloo,  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  — 
unferer  SRiicf f ebr,  on  our  return  (315,  1 .). 

betbe  (-«),  adj.  both. 

35c  if  all  (-w),  m.  -§,  applause. 

betm  (-)  =  bet  bcm. 

33etn  (-),  «.  -§,  -c,  bone ;  usually  leg, 
(372.) 

bctuabe  (--u),  a^f.  near  about,  nigh 
upon,  almost. 

33etnf letb  (--),  «.  <?.?/.  *«//.  (-fleiber,  leg- 
clothes;  i.  e.)  breeches,  trousers. 

betfett(e)  (--(w),  «&<?  betfettd  (--),  adv. 
aside,  apart. 

33etfpiel  (--),  n.  -§,  -C,  example.  jum  — 
($.  53.),  for  instance. 

bet  Hen  (-«),  bife,  gebtffen,  tr.  bite. 

befannt  (u  >*),  adj  or  adv.  known,  noted. 

©efamite  (",5v'),  ber  (bie),  acquaintance. 

33efanntfchaft  (v*v),  f.  -en,  acquaint- 
ance. 

be fo m men  (u,iu),  -font,  -fommen,  tr. 
get,  obtain,  receive ;  intr.  f .  (with  dat.) 
suit,  agree  with.  —  ju  feben,  get  a  sight 
of.  (346.) 

bef  timmern  0-"5  «),  zV.  afflict,  trouble,  con- 
cern, refi.  fid)  um  fid)  — ,  mind  one's 
own  business.    » 

belaben  (w-u),  -lub,  -laben,  tr.  load. 

bcldfrigcn  (« <*«"),  j?r.  trouble,  annoy. 

belaufen  (w- w),  -Hef,  -laufen,  tr.  run  over, 
traverse,  visit,  refi.  fid)  —  Ctuf,  amount 
to. 

beltmfchen  (w-°),  /*-•  listen  secretly  to, 
play  the  spy  upon,  watch  and  surprise. 

33elgten  (*«*»*),  n.  -§,  Belgium.  (233.) 

33elgter  O5^),  *«.  -§,  — ,  Belgian.  (233.) 

Selgtertn  C*V**WX  ./  -nen,  Belgian. 
(233.) 

belgifd)  05"),  adj.  Belgic,  Belgian.  (233.) 

belteben  («-«),  tr.  like,  be  pleased  with, 
wish  (347). 


bclobtten  (v-v),  tr.  reward. 

beliigen  (v.**),  _jog/  _iogen,  tr.  belie,  de- 
ceive by  lies. 

be  tit  deb  ti  gen  («*««),  r<yf.  with  gen.  take 
possession  of. 

bentcrfen  (w,iv),  <r.  remark,  notice,  per- 
ceive. 

be  mil?  en  (w>5w),  /r.  use,  make  use  of. 

bequent  (u-):  a^'.  <?r  «rfz/.  convenient, 
comfortable. 

berctt(b)eit  («-«),  -rtet(b),  -rat(b)en,  tr. 
advise ;  refi.  deliberate. 

berauben  ("-«),  tr.  rob. 

bercdinen  (u,5w),  *r.  reckon  up,  compute, 
charge. 

bere it  («-),  «<#.  ready. 

berettS  («-),  Aft*,  already. 

33erg  (■«),  wz.  -e3,  -e,  mountain;  (ice-) 
berg  ;  in  compos,  mine,  mining,  -maun, 
m.  (pi.  -leute)  miner.  -tnannsfittel,  m. 
miner's  smock-frock,     -it)  erf,  n.  mine. 

bertcftttgen  (ui«u),  tr.  set  right,  cor- 
rect, rectify. 

beriibtnt  ("-),  adj.  famous,  celebrated. 

beriibreit  (w-°),  tr.  touch. 

befd)dftt'gcn  (v"Jv,u),  /r.  employ,  occupy. 

befd)dfttgt  (wv5v/),  «^'»  employed,  occu- 
pied, busy. 

33efd)dfttgung  («>5vw),  f.  -en,  employ- 
ment, occupation,  business. 

befd)Hef?eit  (u-w),  -Jcblofc,  -fd>Ioffert,  shut 
or  lock  up ;  conclude,  determine. 

bcfd)imtl?cit  (w,5u),  tr.  soil. 

befd)ulbtgen  p^),  *r.  accuse  of. 

beftegen  (u-u),  /?-.  defeat. 

bcftijcn  (w,5u),  -faft,  -?effen,  tr.  sit  upon; 
possess,  own. 

35eft8er  (u,5u),  »«.  possessor,  owner. 

53eft6ertn  (uv5wv/)>y^  possessor,  owner. 

bcfonberS  (w0w),  «fe.  particularly. 

beforgen  (u,5u),  tr.  care  for. 

beforgt  (wv5),  adj.  or  adv.  anxious. 

befprengen  (vyiv),  tr.  besprinkle,  dash 
with  water. 

beffer  05"),  adj.  or  adv.  (cotnp  of  gut), 
better.    —  baran  f ein,  be  better  off. 

befl  (•*),  adj.  or  adv.  (superl  of  gilt),  best. 
jum  93eften  baben,  make  sport  of,  rally, 
banter. 

be  ft  dnbtg  (v,iv),  adj.  or  adv.  constant* 

Gy). 


bcftcfjett. 


293 


Mo§. 


beftel)cn(u-w),-ftanb,-ftanben,*r.  stand 
up  to,  endure,  intr.  stand  firm,  per- 
sist, insist. 

beftetgen  (w-«),  — ftieg,  ftiegen,  tr.  mount 
upon,  bestride  (ba§  giferb). 

befte licit  (w,5v),  tr.  order. 

©efiellung  (w<5u),/  -en,  order. 

beftcnS  (*"),  adv.  in  the  best  manner. 
(icb)  ban! e  — ,  (I)  thank  you  very  much. 

befrtmmeit  C"5"),  tr.  appoint,  determine. 

beftimmt  (v*),  adj.  definite,  precise. 

SBefHntintbeit  ("*-),  f.  -en,  definiteness, 
preciseness.     tttit  — ,  positively. 

beftrafen  (u-°),  tr.  punish. 

33e fuel)  (w-),  m.-z%,-t,  visit. 

befucbcn  (w-w),  fr".  go  to  see,  visit,  call 
upon,  attend. 

be  ten  (-"),  intr.  pray;  tr.  utter  in  prayer. 

betracbtcn  (?*"),  tr.  look  at. 

betreffen  (w,5u),  -traf,  -troffen,  *r.  befall; 
concern.  tt)d§  mid)  betrifft,  as  for  my- 
self. 

betriiben  ("-"),  tr.  cast  down,  trouble. 

betr  iigen  («*  -  «),  -trog,-trogen,  4r.  deceive, 
cheat. 

33etriiger  ("-"),  #*.  ri»  — ,  deceiver,  im- 
postor. 

SSctrugerin  (u-ww), /!  impostor. 

93ett  {<*),  «.  -e§,  -en,  bed.  -bede,  f.  cov- 
erlet, blanket.    (370,  2.) 

Settler  O5"),  m.  -3,  — ,  beggar. 

33ettlertn  (*v»),f.  -nen,  beggar. 

beoor  (w-),  «db«  ««<^  sep'ble  prefix, 
before,  beforehand :  conj.  before  {same 
as  ebe). 

bcma(l))ren  (u-w),  tr.  keep,  guard. 

bemegen  (w-v),  -roog,  -roogen,  tr.  induce, 
engage;  reg.  -megte,  -roegt,  tr.  move, 
stir. 

33c mealing  (u-w),  /,  -en,  movement, 
motion. 

be  met)  nen  ("-"),  tr.  inhabit. 

33cmobucr  (w-°),  m.  -3,  —  {/.  -in,  113), 
inhabitant. 

bemuubern  (u,5u),  tr.  regard  with  won- 
der, admire. 

33cmuiibcrung  (?*vs*)tf.  admiration. 

bqcthlen  (w-w),  tr.  pay. 

bqaubcrtt  (°-w),  *r.  enchant. 

bcjetcbnen  (y£v),  tr.  mark,  denote,  point 
out 


33e}febitng  (?-"),/.  -en,  relation,  connec- 
tion,   in  btefer  — ,  in  this  respect. 

btegen  (-«),  bog,  gebogen,  tr.  bow,  bend, 
curve,  crook. 

33ter  (-),  *.  -e§,  -e,  beer. 

btctcn  (-u),  bot,  geboten,  tr.  bid,  offer. 

23tlb  05),  n.  -e§,  -er,  picture,  image. 

btlben  05"),  tr. form,  shape,  make,  fashion, 
build. 

33ilbcvbud)  C5"-),  n.  -eS, -biicber,  picture- 
book. 

33ttlct(t)  («*,  bill-yet),  n.  -eg,  -e,  billet, 
note;  ticket. 

biubeu  («*«),  banb,  gebunben,  tr.  bind, 
tie,  fasten. 

93iru(e)  (-«),  /!  -n,  pear. 

33trnbcmm  (--),  m.  -3,  -baume,  pear-tree. 

bid  05).  i.  «dfe  as  far  as,  till.  —  je§t,  till 
now,  as  yet.  —  cm,  —  ctuf,  —  }U,  up 
to,  clear  to;  2.  prep,  as  far  as  to,  all  the 
way  to,  till,  until,  to,  up  to;  3.  conj.  {/or 
—  bctfj),  till  the  time  that,  till.    (314.) 

bfSber  ("-),  adv.  hitherto. 

btfc  05),  itnperf.  ind.  of  betfjen. 

bitten  (^w),  -bat,  -gcbeten,  tr.  ask,  re- 
quest, beg.  —  laffen,  request  (through 
another),  mein  SBctter  lafjt  Sie  — ,  my 
father  requests  you  (through  me),  (id)) 
bitte,  please  {lit.  I  beg). 

bttteilb  (*»»),  adj.  or  adv.  entreating(ly). 

bitter  05"),  adj.  or  adv.  bitter,  sharp, 
stinging. 

blanf  if),  adj.  or  adv.  shining,  bright. 

blafen  (-w),  blie§,  geblafett,  tr.  and  intr. 
blow,  play  (upon  a  wind-instrument). 

33lrttt  if),  n.  -e§,  -fitter,  blade,  leaf,  leaf 
of  a  book,    com  — ,  at  sfcht. 

33ld'ttlein  {*-),  n.  -*,  leaflet. 

blau  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  blue,  purple. 

331et  (-),  n.  -e§,  lead. 

bteiben  (-«),  blieb,  gebtieben,  intr.  f. 
stay,  remain,  be  left.    (211,  2.) 

23leicbenn  (-«"),  /•  -nen  (p.  73,  n.  5), 
bleacher  {a  woman). 

33leifeber  (,--«),  J.  -n,  lead-pencil. 

33lt$  if),  m.  -e§,  -e,  lightning.  -fdjneQ, 
adj.  or  adv.  quick(ly)  as  lightning. 

blilKii  05"),  intr.  lighten,  gleam,  glisten, 
flash; 

blofl  orbioi  {-),  adj.  bare,  naked;  very 
freq.  as  adv.  merely,  simply,  solely,  only, 


sBlumdjen. 


294 


@ourS. 


93liimd)cn  (-«),  >u  -§,  — ,  floweret,  Kttle 

flower. 
sBlumc  (- ^),f.  -n,  flower,  blossom,  bloom. 
33lum(e)lein  (-(")-),  n.  -3,  — ,  floweret. 
331uinengartd)en  (-vwu),  n.  -§,  — ,  little 

flower-garden. 
33luntcufobl  (-"-),  *«.-e§,-e,  cauliflower. 
33(umeuftrauf?  (-"-),   m.   -e§,  -aujjer, 

bouquet,  nosegay.     (137.) 
blutcii  (-«),  intr.  bleed. 
23lut(b)e  (-"),./  -n,  blossom,  blow,  flower. 
blutt'g  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  bloody. 
Sobcn   (-w),    m.    -§,   — obert,    bottom, 

ground,  floor;  attic.    (367.) 
93ogen  (-°),  m.  -<5,  — ,  bow,  bend,  curve, 

arc,  arch ;  sheet  of  paper. 
33 o line  (-w),  /  -n,  bean. 
Sorb  or  33ort  (^),  w.  -eg,  -e,  board; 

shelf,     an  — ,  on  board,  aboard,     iibev 

— > overboard. 
33orn  (*),  *«.  -e<5,  -e,  spring,  well,  fount. 

[Cf.  Scotch  burn,  a  brook.] 
335  rfc  i-^),/-  -»,  purse  ;  exchange. 
bofe'  or  boi  (~v),    adj.    or   adv.    bad, 

naughty. 
33ofen>id)t  (-uw),  m.  -<3,  -e  or  -er,  villain, 

rascal.     (374.) 
38ouquet(r)  (-*,  boo-ket),  n.  -§,  -e,  bou- 
quet. 
33raud>  (-),  m.  -e§,  -dud)e,  custom,  usage. 
braild)cu  (-«),  rtr.  use,  need,  want. 
braun  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  brown, 
brao  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  excellent,  worthy, 

good,  brave, 
braoo  (--),  inter/,  bravo!  well  done! 
bred)en  (^w),  brad),  gebvodjen,  tr.  break, 
brc it  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  broad,  wide. 
Srcitc  (-u),/  -n,  breadth;  latitude. 
SSreitengrao  (-«-),  nt.  -3,  -e,  degree  of 

latitude. 


b venue n  05"),  brcmnte,  gebrctnnt,  tr.  or 
intr.  burn. 

33rtef  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  letter,  charter,  brief. 

33riefd)en  (-w),  n.  -3,  — ,  short  letter, 
note. 

33rieftafd>e  (-""),,/  -n,  pocket-book. 

23rieftrager  (--<■'),  m.  -§,  — ,  postman, 
letter-carrier. 

brtngenO5"),  brad)te,  gebracbt,  tr.  bring, 
fetch,  take,  carry. 

Srofc  or  Srobt  or  93rot  (-),  «.  -e§,  -e, 
bread. 

23rombeere  (*-v)^  -n,  blackberry. 

33rofam  (--),  m.  -e§,  -e,    >  crumb,  bit  (of 

Srofame  (--  u),  /  -n,        )  bread). 

33rucfe  (^^),/.  -n,  bridge. 

93ruber  (-«),  w.  -5,  -iiber,  brother. 
(367.) 

bvitlleu  f*w)j  /«/r.  roar,  bellow,  low. 

SBrunnen  (•*«),  m.  -4,  — ,  well,  spring, 
fountain. 

33ube  (-w),  m.  -it,  -n,  boy,  youth. 

33ud)  (-),  n.  -e§,  -iidjer,  book. 

33ud)bcmm  (--),  m.  -e3,  -aume,  beech- 
tree. 

33udK  (rv),/.  -n,  beech-tree,  beech. 

93tid)erfd)ranf  (-ww),  *«.  -§, -dnfe,  book- 
case. 

bucfen  ("5w),  r^f.  bow,  bend  over. 

Surg  (f),  /J  —en,  stronghold,  castle ;  forti- 
fied town. 

Stirrer  (<5u),  m.  -§,—  (/  -in,  113),  inhab- 
itant of  a  town,  burgher  {cf.  Surg), 
citizen. 

aSiirgerfrieg  (•*«-),  **•  -*#  -«»  civil-war. 

33urfd)  or  33urfd)C  f*  or  *«),  m.  -en,  -e 
<?r  -en,  fellow. 

33iifd)el  f  w),  *n.  -§,  — ,  tuft,  bunch,  cluster. 

Gutter  (?*),  /  butter,  -brot,  «.  sUce  of 
bread  and  butter. 


<£. 


Canarienoogel,  see  Jtanarienoogel. 

Centner,  see  $enttter. 

©bofola^c  or  ©bocolafce  (sh^*"),  f. 

chocolate, 
©loffe,  see  Piaffe. 
©leoe,  seeSIeoe. 
<£cln,  see  fiSItt. 
©ompaft,  see  tfompajj. 


Compliment,  see  .fiompliment 
Comptoir,  see  £om(p)toir. 
Concert,  see  jlonjcrt. 
Conbitor,  see  ilonbitor. 
Conjunctio,  see  rtonjunftio. 
Continent,  see  ilontiriint 
corrtgircn,  see  torrigi(e)ren. 
Courd,  see  ilourS. 


(Souftn. 


295 


baft. 


©ouftn,  see  $oufin. 

©Olioert  (firon.  koo-vairt,  -<),  n.  -e§,  -e, 

cover  of  a  letter,  envelope;    cover  at 

table. 


ctmren,  see  fimeren. 
©olinber  (ts-4»)f  m,  -§t  —/  cylinder. 
($ttltnberhut(&-,5"-),  -§,-iite,w.silkhat. 
<£t)linberuhr  (ts  -  *  w  -),/-en,lever-watch. 


a. 


ba  <?r  bar  (-),  <mAk  there,  then,  at  that 

place  or  time ;  under  those  circumstances. 

hi  comp,n  with  pre p"1  ns,  stands  for  a  dat. 

or  accus.  case,  sing,  or  pi.   (58.)    conj. 

(re/at.)  when,  as,  whereas;  in  causative 

sense,  as,  since,  because. 
babet  (-■*),  adv.  thereby,  by  it  or  them; 

therewith ;  at  the  same  time.     (58.) 
$aci)  05),  n.  -e3,  -ad>er,  roof.   (375.) 
bad)te  ("*v)j  imp/,  ind.  of  benfen. 
babnrd)  {-^^and-^),  adv.  therethrough, 

through  or  by  or  by  means  of  it  or  them 

or  that. 
bafiir  (--  and  --),  adv.  therefor,  for 

it  or  them  or  that.     (58.) 
bao.ca.cn  (--"),  adv.  against  it  or  them  or 

that;  against  or  over;   on  the  contrary, 

on  the  other  hand.  (58.) 
bahctm  (--),    adv.  there   at  home,  at 

home, 
bahcr  (--)>  adv.  thence,  from  there;  for 

that  reason,  therefore ;  hence, 
ball  in  (-<  and  -"),  adv.  thither,  so  far; 

away  or  along,  past,  there, 
bahinctlcn  {-^-^),  intr.  f).  or  f.  hasten 

away  or  along. 
bamatd  (--),  adv.  at  that  time,  then. 
ftantc  (-"),/  -n,  lady,  dame. 
Qamenhut  (-w-),  m.  -3,  -iite,  bonnet, 
taunt  (-«  and  -^),  adv.  therewith,  with 

it  or  that  or  them ;  conj.  wherewith  (= 

raomit),  in  order  that,  so  that.    (58.) 
Stantpf  (*),  m.  -e§,  -cimpfe,  steam,  vapor, 

damp. 
3>ampfboot   (*-),   n.    -e§,  -e  or  -ote, 

steam-boat,  steamer. 
$ampffd)iff  (*"),  n.  -e§,  -c,  steam-ship, 

steamer. 
banacfo  {--or--),  thereafter,  after  it  or 

that  or  them.     (58.) 
Qane  (-<-),  m.  -n,  -n,  Dane.    (233.) 
bancbcn  (--«),  adv.  beside  it  or  that  or 

them.     (58.) 
^anemarf  (-uw),  «•  -*,  Denmark.  (233.) 


bdnifd)  (^«),  «#.  or^rfz;.  Danish.   (233.) 

3>anf  05),  w.  -eg  («o  //.),  thanks. 

banfbar  05-),  «<^'-  or  adv.  thankful. 

ban  fen  (<*«),  z«^r.  w#A  o/«/.  thank;  *r. 
owe. 

bann  (f),  adv.  then.  —  unb  roann,  now 
and  then. 

baran  or  bran  (-*  #«</  -w,  *)i  «*/». 
thereon,  at  or  on  it  or  that  or  them.  e§ 
Uegt  nid)t§  — ,  nothing  is  (lying)  depend- 
ing on  it,  it  is  of  no  consequence.    (58.) 

baranf  or  branf  (--  and  --,  -),  adv. 
thereupon,  upon  or  on  it  or  that  or 
them ;  often  upon  that,  thereupon,  then. 
(58.) 

barauS  or  braud  (--  and  --,-),  adv. 
thereout,  out  of  it  or  that  or  them; 
from  or  forth  from  it ;  by  or  by  reason  of 
it  or  that.     (58.) 

barbtctcn  (--w),  -bot,  -ge&oten,  tr.  offer, 
present. 

bartn  or  brtn  {-•&  and  -v,^),  adv.  there- 
in, in  or  within  or  at  it  or  that  or  them. 
(58.) 

bant  ad)  (--  and  --),  adv.  thereafter, 
after  or  toward,  or  to  it  or  that  or  them 
(58.) 

bar  liber  or  briiber  (--«  and  *-v,  ***), 
adv.  thereover,  above  or  over  or  across 
or  about  or  concerning  it  or  that  or  them. 
(58.) 

barum  or  brum  (-«  and  ■**,  >s),  «<&/. 
thereabout,  around  or  for  or  respecting 
it  or  that  or  them ;  for  that  reason,  on 
that  account,  therefore.     (58.) 

barunten  or  brunren  (-<«  and^^),  adv. 
there  below,  under  there,  down, 
below. 

baruuter  or  bruntcr  (-**»  and  *»»«#,  vs^ 
aaafe.  thereunder,  beneath  or  among  it 
or  that  or  them. 

bad  (<*),  «<?^.  of  ber. 

bafelbfr  (-"*),  «rfw.  there. 

fe«8  (*),  «>«/.  that ;  {for  fo  baft)  so  that 


bauerljafr. 


296 


bidftJtereit. 


fcaucrftaft  (-wu),  adj.  or  adv.  durable, 
solid. 

baoon  (-<  and  -v),  adv.  thereof,  of  or 
from  or  by  or  respecting  it  or  that  or 
them ;  thence,  away,  off. 

baoonlaufen  (-*-vX  -lief,  -gclaufen 
intr.  f .  run  away,  escape. 

baju  (--  ««a?  --),  adv.  thereto*  to  or  for 
<?r  at  it  or  that  #r  them ;  in  addition,  be- 
sides, moreover. 

December.    See  3)ejcmber. 

$>edfe  {iyj)yf  -n,  covering,  coverlet. 

i.  betn  {-),poss.  adj.  thy,  thine. 

2.  betn  (-)  #r  betner  (-u),  £-*«.  ««£•.  ^Z" 
bu,  of  thee,  thine.    (Page  175,  n.  1.) 

betuetnalbcn  (-www),  )  adv.  on  thy  ac- 

betnetroeqeit  (-w-u),   /  count  <tt  behalf, 

betnetrotllen  (-«««),   )  for  thy  sake  (318). 

bet  lit  fl  (-u),  {always  preced.  by  def.  ar- 
ticle), poss.  pron.  thine.  (185.) 

bent  (-),  dat.  sing,  of  ber.     (52.) 

ben  (-),  accus.  sing,  or  dat.  pi.  of  ber. 
(52.) 

be  it  fit  (-«),  dat.  pi.  of  demonstr.  and  rel 
pron.  ber.   (218.) 

bettfen  (*«),  bad)te,  gebad)t,  tr.  or  intr. 
{gen'ly  with  an,  less  often  with  gen.) 
think ;  think  of,  call  to  mind,  id} 
bad)te,  I  should  think.     (Page  223,  n.  2.) 

bentt  05),  adv.  then,  in  that  case,  this  being 
so  {not  at  the  beginning  of  a  cfause, 
where  in  this  sense  bantt  would  be  used, 
but  with  less  emphasis,  parenthetically  ) : 
else,  pray,  I  should  like  to  know ;  conj. 
after  a  comparative  {for  Ctl§),  than  ; 
oftenest  at  beginning  of  a  clause,  for. 

bemuuh  (^w),  conj.  notwithstanding,  nev- 
ertheless, yet,  still. 

ber  (-),  m.  ;  tie  (-),/  ;  ba«  05),  n.  i.  de- 
monstr. pron.  and  adj.  this  or  this  one, 
that  or  that  one,  etc.  /  2.  as  emphatic 
Pers.  pron.  he,  she,  it,  they,  etc.;  3.  def. 
article,  the  ;  distributively  used  (337), 
etnmal  bte  2Bod)e,  once  a  week;  4.  rei. 
pron.  who,  which,  that ;  5.  {rarely)  as 
comfldrel.  he  who,  that  which,  etc. 

beren  (-  «),  gen.  sing,  and  pi.  of  demonstr. 
and  rel.  j>ron.  ber.    (218.) 

berjentge  (--wu),  m. ;  bfejcntge  (--uw), 
f;  baSjetttge  (*-MW),  n. :  delerm.adj. 
and  pr.  that  or  that  one,  the  one,  those. 


berfelbe  (-«*«),  m. ;  btefelbe  {-*"),  f; 

badfelbe  (w,5w),  n.;  determ.  adj.  and 

pron.  the   selfsame  or  same;   he,  she, 

it,  they.    (168.) 
berfelbt'ge  (-,5ww),  etc.,  same  as  berfelbe, 

etc. 
bed  05).  gen.  sing,  of  the  art.  ber.   (S2.) 
beabalb,   befjbalb,    beflbalben  £-(«), 

adv.  or  conj.  on  that  account,  therefore. 
beffen  (<*«),  £-<?«.  .««£•.  of  t lie  pron.  ber, 

whose.   (218.) 
befTenungead)tet(w«,5"w«),arfz/.  orconj- 

in  spite  of  that,  notwithstanding. 
beflo   ("*-),  adv.  so  much  the  {before   a 

compar.),     je , . . .  befto {each  word 

followed  by  a  compar.),  the ....  the .... 
beSrocgctt  or  begroegen  (w-w),  adv.  or 

conj.  therefore. 
beuten  (-v),  intr.  point,  give  an  indication 

or  sign ;  tr.  point  at  or  out,  give  a  sign 

for;  show  the  significance  of,  interpret, 

explain ;  give  a  meaning  to. 
bent I  id)  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  distinct, 
bentfd)  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  German. 
SteUtfcfte  (ber)  (^),  m.  -n,  -n,  the  Ger- 
man; etn  S5eutfd)er,  a  German. 
®eutfd)e  (ba§)  (-"),  «.  German  (language), 

auf  — ,  in  German. 
$eutfd)lanb  (-"),  n.  -§,  Germany. 
i$ejetnber  (-,5u),  *«.  -•,  December, 
bid)  05),  «c««.  <?/■  bu.   (35.) 
btd)t  (•*),  a^'.  #r  ^afz'.  close,  dense,  thick, 
bid*  05),  adj.  or  adv.  thick,  big. 
$)t eft dyt  (*"),  «.  -3,  -e,  thicket, 
bte  (-),  several  forms  of  bet.  (52.) 
$feb  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  thief. 
SfebftabJ  (*-),  *«.  -3,  -able,  theft. 
btctten  (-u),  z'«/V.  w/M  ^a^.  serve. 
Wiener   (-«),  /«.   -§,  —  (/  -in,  113). 

servant. 
$tcttfr  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  service. 
$ten$tag  (-«  or  --),  m.  -3,  -e,  Tuesday, 
biettftbar  (--),  adj.  or  adv.  serviceable. 
btcd  (-);  biefer  (-«), ;«. ;  btefe  (-«),/; 

biefeS  (-u),  «.,  demons,  adj.  and  pron. 

this  <w  that,  this  one  w  that  one ;  tne 

latter. 
btedfett($)  (--),  adv.  this  side. 
$)tng  (<>,  «.  -e§,  -e  w-er,  thing, 
btr  (-),  dat.  sing.  ofbu.   (35.) 
btotbi(e)ren  (-»«-«),  ifr.  divide. 


bod). 


297 


imrfen. 


bod)  05),  adv.  or  conj.  though,  yet,  never- 
theless, however ;  after  all,  surely,  doubt- 
less. I  hope,  is  it  not  so?  Sometimes 
simply  but :  to  an  imperat.  or  optat.  adds 
a  tone  of  strongt  r  entreaty  (like  Engl. 
do):  I) ore  — ,  pray  hear,  usually  follow- 
ing the  verb  in  an  emphatic  inverted 
sentence. 

Doctor  05"),  )         _ " '      .         ,     , 
».  *A      ),  *  i  **■  -%,  -to'ren,  doctor, 
fcoftor  05"), J  ' 

lonnemO5"),  intr.  thunder. 

QonnerStag  (?vyj  or  *"-),  m.  -3,  -e, 

Thursday. 
Coppe(=  (*w),  in  compos,  double. 
OoppcIfUnte  (wuv5u), /•  -n,   double-bar- 
relled gun. 
boppclt  O5"),  adj.  or  adv.  double,  dupli- 
cate, two-fold. 
$>orf  05),  n.  -e§,  -brfer,  village.    [cf  Eng. 

-thorp,  in  many  names  of  places, .] 
bort  (**),  adv.  there,  yonder.    —  often,  up 

there, 
borttg  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  of  that  place. 
fc ratten  (-w),  [same  as  broken],  threaten. 
brauf  (-),  contr'n  of  barauf. 
braufl  or  braufjen  (-,-*),  adv.  outside, 

out  of  doors. 
brehen  (-"),  tr.  turn,  cause  to  revolve; 

refl.  revolve,  whirl. 
bret  (-),  num.  three. 
bretntal   (-w),   adv.  three   times,   thrice. 

(244,  a) 
bretftig  (~v),  num.  thirty.   (243,  2.) 
bretfctgfte  (-wu),  num.  adj.  thirtieth. 
bretjehn  (--),  num.  thirteen, 
breijefonte  (--w),  num.  adj.  thirteenth, 
bringen  05"),  brang,  gebrungen,  intr.  f., 

tr.  b.  press,  urge. 
:^rtngcnb  (v5w),  adj.  or  adv.  urgent(ly). 
Or tngt id)  ("5u)»  «^?'.  or  adv.  urgent. 
brttt  ("*),  ber,  bie,  ba§  britte,  k»w,  «<#'. 

third. 
$>rtttel(<5«),  n.  -§,  — ,  contr'n  of '  SDrits 

t(b)eil. 
brittbalb  (<*«),  ««/«.  «^'.  (third  half, 

*.  *.)  two  and  a  half.    (244,  c.) 
$ritt(h)dl  (<*-),  «.  -3,  -e,  third  part, 

third.   (244,  c.) 
brohen    (-"),    *r.    or  intr     faith    dat.) 

threaten. 
ferollig  (<*«)  #*//.  or  adv.  droll. 


!3>roffel  (iJ),f  -n,  thrush, 
brum  (<*),  contr'n  of  barum. 
brunten  (?v),  contr'n  of  barunten. 
bu  (-),pers.  pron.  thou.    (35.) 
Smft  05),  w.  -e§,  -iifte,  odor. 
omifel  (**»),  <2<#.  <tt  rt^z/.  dark. 
bunfclblilU  (*v-),  «<#".  dark-blue, 
buurclgrun  f***"X  «<#.  dark-green. 
SHmEelhett  {?*-),  fi  darkness. 
bunteln  (•**),  z'«^/*.  grow  dark,  become 

dim  or  dusky,  darken. 
burnt  05),  «<#'.  or  adv.  thin,  slender. 
burd)  (&),  aaz*z/.  andsep.  or  Insep.  prefix. 

through,  throughout;  thoroughly;  to 

end  or    completion   (232) ;   prep,   faith 

accus.)  through,   during,  by  means  or 

dint  of,  in  consequence  of,  owing  to,  by. 
burd)au$  (*-),  thoroughly, 
i.  burd)geben  05-"),  -ging,  -gegangen, 

intr.  sep.  f.  go  through,  pass,  run  away 

(of  a  horse),    bier  gebt  f  ein  SBeg  burd) ! 

no  passing  I   fein  $ferb   gebt  mit  ibm 

burd),  his  horse  runs  away  with  him. 
2.  burd)gchcn  0-w),  -ging,  -gangen,  or 

(^-w)  -gvng,  -gegangen  (in  a  figurative 

sense  mostly  inseparable),  tr.   insep.  or 

sep.  go  through,  run  through,  look  over. 
i.  burd)taufcn   05-"),  -lief,   -gelaufen, 

intr.  sep.  f.  run  through,  run  away 
2.  burdtlaufen  (*'Zv),  -Uef,  -laufen,  or 

(<*  -v),  -lief,  -gelaufen,  tr.  insep.  or  sep. 

run  or  pass  through,  go  from  end  to  end 

of,  traverse, 
i.  burd)nciffcn  (<iw"),  intr.  sep.  penetrate 

(used  of  liquids). 
2.  burd)naffen  0-"5"  or  ***«),   tr.    insep. 

ersep.  moisten  thoroughly,  wet  through. 
burd)prugcln  (?-"),  tr.  sep.  cudgel  or 

beat  soundly,  thrash. 
burd)S  (*),  =  burd)  ba§. 
i.  burd)febcn  O5-"),  -fab,  -gefeben,  «**r. 

«r/.  see  through,  look  through. 
2.  burdjfeben  05-"),  -fab,  -gefeben,  *r 

("-w)>  _fa§*  -feben,    2"r.  agfc  w.   insep. 

look  over,  review,  revise. 
burd)fud>en  05-"  ^r  w-w),  *r*  sep.  or 

insep.,  seek  ^r  search  through,  examine, 
bitrfen  (^w),  burfte,  geburft;  intr.  modal 

auxiliary,  be  permitted  or  allowed,  feel 

authorized,  venture,  dare,  need ;  often  to 

be  rendered  by  may  or  might. 


burftig. 


298 


etnfeljett. 


fcurftlg  {^"),adj.   or  adv.    needy,  poor; 

mean,  scanty,  shabby. 
5)urfl  05),  m.  -e§,  thirst. 


burften  or  btirfren  C5"),  intr.  thirst, 

be  thirsty. 
burjttg  (*«*),  adj.  or  adv.  thirsty. 
TUttjenb  (««),  n.  -3,-e,  dozen. 


<£. 


(Sbbe  (?"),/■  ebb,  reflex  of  the  tide,  low 
water. 

?Den  (~w),  «^'.  even,  level,  plane,  smooth. 
adv.  evenly  etc. :  usually  just,  exactly, 
precisely ;  often  with  negative,  —  nid)t, 
prscisely  not,  i.  e.  quite  the  contrary; 
just  now,  just  then,  but  just,  fo  — ,  just 
now  (only  a  little  while  ago).  —  fo,  adv. 
just  as. 

cbenfaUd  (-ww),  adv.  likewise,  also. 

(gdfe  {^^)f  -x\,  edge,  corner. 

efcel(-w),  adj.  or  adv.  of  noble  birth; 
noble. 

©feelmann  (-uu),  m.  -§  (//.  -leute),  no- 
bleman. 

(Sbuarb  {-yjyj),  m.  -§,  Edward. 

cbe  (-w),  adv.  sooner,  earlier;  conj.  before, 
ere. 

@hre  (-w),/  -n,  honor. 

Ct  (-),  interj.  why!  oh! 

<5t  (-),  «.  (Ste§,  ©ier,  egg. 

<?icbe  (-"),/.  -n,  oak. 

(£icbbaum  (--),  w.  -§,  -aume,  oak,  oak- 
tree. 

fifrtg  (-"),  «^'.  <w  «*&>•  zealous,  ardent. 

eigen  (-"),  «*#.  or  adv.  own. 

eigcnftnnig  {-^^^),adj.  obstinate,  wilful. 

eilen  (-v),  z«^.  f.  or  I),  or  rejl.  hasten. 

clients  (-"),  adv.  hastily. 

Ctltgft  (-u),  adv.  hastily. 

©inter  (-u),  **.  -4,  — ,  pail,  bucket. 

1.  Ctn  (-),  sep'blc  frefix.  in,  into:  corre- 
sponding  as  prefix  to  in  as  preposition. 

2.  (in  (-),  num.  one ;  {same  as  man,)  a 
person,  they,  people,  one  ;  indef.  art. 
an,  a. 

efnanber  C-"5"),  indecl.  pr.  one  another, 
each  other.  au§  —  {or  auSeinanber), 
»on  — ,  from  each  other,  apart,  asunder. 

einat(b)mcn  (--«),  tr.  inhale,  inspire, 
breathe. 

Ctnbtltcn  (-uu),  tr.  with  rejl.  pron.  in 
dal.)  form  in  one's  mind,  imagine  to  one's 
self,  conceive,  fancy.    (348.) 


cinbrecben    (z*»*»fc    -bracfc,   -gebrocfjen. 

intr.  f.  break  in. 
eiufallen  (-wu),  -fiel,  -gefallcn,  intr.  f. 

fall  in  ;  with  dat.  occur  to ;  fall  down, 

sink,  go  to  ruin. 
etnfd'tttg  (-ww),  adj.  or  adv.  silly. 
etngeboren  (*v-v)>  «^-  inborn,  native. 
<Stngeborene(r)  (-°-ww), »*.  -n,  -n,  na- 
tive, 
et'noctenf  (-wu),  uninjl.  adj.  with  gen. 

mindful  of. 
etngteflen    (^-«),   -gofc,    -gegofien,   /r. 

pour  in  or  into,  infuse. 
etnbolen  (--«),  tr.  overtake. 
ctnt'g  (-w),  «^?'.  or  adv.  one,  united; 

single,  sole ;  any,  some ;  often  in  pi.  eis 

tttge,  some,  several,  a  few.    —  roerben, 

agree. 
(Sinfauf  (--),  m.  -e§,  -aufe,  purchase. 
< tnlatcn  (--«),  -lub,  -gclaben,  tr.  invite. 
@tnlabung  (--"),/  -en,  invitation. 
etnlaffen  (-«w),  -liefe,  -gelaffen,  ^r.  let 

in  ;  rejl.  {with  auf  or  in)  engage  in. 
etnmal  (--),  adv.  once  ;  once  upon  a  time 

(in  the  past) ;  some  time  (in  the  future) ; 

for  once,  just,  only,     auf  — ,  all  at  once. 

madjen  <5ie  bod)  etnmal  bte  £&ilre  ju ! 

do  close  the  door!     nod)  — ,  once  more, 
cimichmrn    (--•"),  -nafim,  -genommen, 

tr.  take  possession  of,  fill,  occupy, 
ctiipra'gen  (--w),    tr.    impress,    imprint. 

bem  ©ebad)tm§  — ,  commit  to  memory. 
ctnrtcbten  (-UVJ),  tr.  set  right,  fit  up. 
@tnS  (-),  f  the  nwnber  One. 
etnfebenfen  (-uu),  tr.  pour  out  (into  one's 

cup). 
etnfcblafen   (--w),   -fcfcltef,   -gefcftlafen, 

intr.  f.  fall  asleep, 
ctnfcbletcben  (--u),  -fd>Iidj,  -gefcfjlidjen, 

intr.  f.  creep  in  ;  rejl.  insinuate  one's 

self,  creep  in. 
etnfebutten  (-ww),  tr.  pour  in. 
cinfehen  (--«),  -faty,  -gefefcen,  intr.  or 

tr.  see  in  or  into,  understand. 


einft. 


299 


dr&ttrmets 


einft  (-),  one  time,  one  day,  once  (in  the 
fast). 

etnftetfcn  (-uu),  *"•  stick,  put  or  thrust 
in  (as  into  the  pocket,  sheath,  etc.). 

dnftetgen  (--«),  -fticg,  -geftiegen,  intr. 
f.  get  in,  take  one's  seat  (in  a  car- 
riage). 

etnfreflen  f/wv)j  tr.  put  or  set  in.  bie 
gahlung  — ,  stop  payment ;  reft,  present 
one's  self,  appear. 

eintreffen  (*vv),  -tr«f,  -getroffen,  intr. 
f.  arrive. 

emroicfeln  (-uw),  *%  infold,  wrap  up, 
envelop,  implicate. 

dnrotlltgen  (-wuu),  intr.  permit. 

©tnrotfltgung  (' ),  /  consent,  per- 
mission. 

®tnn>onnev    (--"),    m.  -§,  —  (f.  -in, 

113),  INHABITANT. 

etnrig   (-«),  adj.  or  adv.  Only,    single. 

<Sii  (-),  «•  -e§,  ice. 

(SuSbahn  (--),  /.  -en,  icy  way,  passage 
upon  ice ;  toboggan-slide. 

@i8bdr  (--),  nt.  -en,  -en,  polar  bear. 

@tfen  (-w),  n.  -8,  — ,  iron. 

(Sifenbabn  {-"-),/•  -en,  railroad. 

©idlauf  (--),  m.  -C§,  -laufe,  skating. 

elafttfd)  (_v5w),  «<#'•  or  adv.  elastic. 

elegant  (-<""i),  #*#•  or  adv.  elegant. 

elenb  (-u),  «<#■  or  «^-  miserable, 
wretched,  despicable. 

Grlephant  (-w,s),  **.  -en,  -en,  elephant. 

elf  or  eilf  05  or  -),  ««*«.  eleven. 

(gtfenbein  0*v-),  «•  -8,  ivory. 

elft  (•5),  ber,  bie,  ba§  elfte,  ««»,  a^'. 
eleventh. 

elftbalb  (,5w)  «»»*.  «<//'.  (eleventh  half, 
/.  £.)  ten  and  a  half. 

@ltfe  (--"),/ -n§,  Eliza.  (74.) 

•Be  (*«),/.-*,  ell,  yard. 

(Sfltern  O5"),  j<z?«<?  «j  2utern,  parents. 

(gmilie  (-•*««),  /-n«,  Emily.  (74.) 

(Stnma  (*w),/  -*,  Emma. 

empfangen  (u,5u),  -ftng,  -f an g en,  zfr.  re- 
ceive. 

empfehlen  («*«),  -fabl,  -foljlen,  *».  re- 
commend. 

@nbe  (*«),  «.  -*,  -n,  end.  am  — ,  ju  — , 
in  <?r  at  the  end,  finally. 

enbeu  (,5v),  intr.  end,  come  to  a  conclu- 
sion ;  tr.  to  bring  to  an  end. 


en  Mid)  05"),  #<#.  final;  *&.  finally,  at 
last. 

@nbung  (*"),/•  -en,  ending. 

enge  (or  eng)  (^"Jj  «^'.  or  «&r.  narrow, 
tight,  close. 

(Snglanb  (*•»>,  «.  -3,  England.    (233.) 

(Sngldnber  (*vw)f  *».  -§,  — ,  (/  -in, 
113),  Englishman.  (233.) 

eitgHf* (*»),«<#.  English.  (233). 

•nfelta  (*wv),./  -nen,  grand-daughter. 

entbecfett,  (w*w),  ^.discover,  detect. 

Gnte  (*v)»./  -n,  duck. 

entfltegen  («•« v),  -flog,  -ftogen,  intr.\. 
flyaway  (from,  <&£), 

entfltehen  (u-w),  -flofp,  -flo&en,  intr.  f. 
flee  away  (from,  dat.),  run  away,  escape. 

cntgegen  (u-°),  i.  a^.  and  sep' bie  prefix, 
against,  in  opposition,  forth  to  meet, 
toward,  in  face  of ;  2.  prep,  (with  preced- 
ing dat.)  against,  contrary  to.    (315.) 

entgegenrufcn  (u-w-w),  -rief,  -gerufen, 
intr.  (with  dat.)  call  out  to. 

cnrgeben  (u-u), -ging,  -gangen,  intr.  f. 
escape. 

entbalten  (»<««), -bielt,  -batten,  tr.  hold 
away,  keep  off ;  (ent  in  sense  0/  in) 
hold  within,  contain. 

entlaufen  («•***),  -lief,  -laufen,  «rfr.  f. 
run  away  (from). 

entrtd)ten  (v"5w),  tr.  pay. 

entfdjlteflen  («-"),  -fd)Iofc,  -fd&loffen,  *r. 
disclose,  unlock;  r^f.  resolve. 

entfdmlbtgen  C»**vv)i  tr.  exculpate, 
excuse. 

©ntfdjulbtgung  (»<v»),  /,  -en,  excul- 
pation, excuse. 

entfefcen  (u,5u),  *r.  set  out  of  place,  de- 
pose. 

entfefcltd)   (u,5w),  a*#.  or  adv.  horrible. 

entfpredjen  (uv5u),  -fprad),  fprod)eti,  w/'r. 
(with  dat.)  answer  to,  correspond  with. 

entftehen  (u-w),  -ftanb,  -ftanben,  intr.  f. 
arise  (from,  dat.). 

entmeber  (w-w),  conj.  either  (followed  by 
ober,  'or'). 

entaii-fen  C*"9"),  *r.  enrapture,  delight. 

et  ('),pers.  pron.  he  it.  ®t,  you  (to  an 
inferior).    (Page  244,  note.) 

erbarnten  (?ZJ),  tr.  move  to  pity,  refi 
pity,  take  pity  on. 

(grbarmen  (»*"),  n.  •%,  pity. 


erBaucit. 


300 


Gfei. 


erbauen  {yj-'J),  tr.  build  up,  build. 
crben  05"),  tr.  inherit. 
erbtrten  (u<5u),  -bat,  -beten,  r>.  beg  for. 
crbltcfcn  (***»*),  ft*,  descry,  perceive. 
Crrbfe  {*v),f,  -n,  pea. 
Grfce  (-u),/  -»i  earth. 
(Srbbcere  {--"),  f  -n,  strawberry, 
^rfculfceit  (*"*"),  *r.  suffer,  endure. 
srfabren  (w-u),  -fubr,  -fabren,  tr.  experi- 
ence. 
srfabrcn  (u-w),  «#.  experienced. 
crfrcucit  ("-'-'),  tr.  give  pleasure  to;  *-<?/?. 

{with  gen.)  enjoy. 
CFrfrtfcbung  {^"°^),f  -en,  refreshment. 
erfullen    (w<5w),   *V.    fill,   make    full; 

fulfil. 
crgebcn  («-w),  -gab,  -gebcn,  refl.  give 

one's  self  up,  surrender. 
ergeben  ("-"),  adj.  devoted. 
ergreifen  ("-u),  -griff,  -griff en,  tr.  seize, 

catch. 
crgrunfccn  {"**>),  ?V.  fathom. 
erbalten   ("**),  -bielt,  -f»alten,  tr.  re- 
ceive, get;  hold  in,  restrain  ;  preserve. 
erhebcn  ("-«),  -bob,  -boben,  tr.  heave 
up,  raise,    rejl.    raise  one's    self,    rise, 
arise. 
ertnnerit  (u,5w),  tr.  remind;   rejl.  (-with 
gen.  or  an  followed  by  accus.)  remem- 
ber. 
erf  a  lien  (w,5u),  rejl.  catch  cold, 
(grfaltung  («"*«),  /  -en,  catching  cold ; 
cold,     eine  —  betommen,  get,   catch  a 
cold. 
erfenncn  0-"5"),  -fannte,  -fannt,  tr.  un- 
derstand, appreciate. 
@r(cr  C'5*'),  m.  bow  or  projection   (of  a 

building),   balcony. 
CFrfcrrimmer  f*vvv)i  »•  -i#  — i   bow- 
windowed  room. 
©rfld'rung  {y-v),f.  -en,  explanation. 
zrfltngen  (w<5u),  -Hang,  -flungen,  intr. 

f.  sound  forth,  ring,  resound. 
erfranfen  (u,5w),  intr.  f.  be  taken  ill,  be- 
come ill. 
erlnubcn  (w-w),  tr.  allow,  permit. 
Crrlaubni$(nif3)  (y-^),f.  -e,  permission, 

leave, 
erlebtgcn  (wZww)j  6*.  set  free,    release, 

vacate, 
erlcfrigt  (u-w),  adj.  vacant. 


crletd)tcrn  (w-w),  rV.  alleviate,  lighten, 

make  lighter, 
erletfcen  (w-w),  -litt,  -Htten,  tr.  suffer. 
ermdebttgen  £**wv)y  r>.  authorize,  invest 

with  might  or  power. 
ertniiten  (w-w),  tr.  tire;  z«r>.  grow  tired. 
ermiibct  (w-u),  «<?>'.  fatigued. 
ernd'bren  (v-w),  rV.  feed,  maintain. 
emfr  (t),  adj.  or  adv.  earnest,  serious, 
erqutcfeit  (u,5w),  tr.  quicken,  revive,  re- 
fresh. 
erqutcflicb  (w,i"),  adj.  refreshing. 
crreid)cn  (w-«),  <r.  reach,  arrive  at. 
erfebeineu  (w-«),  -febien,  -fdjienen,  ?>//r. 
f.  shine  forth,  make  appearance,  appear. 
erfchlagen  (u-u),  -fcfjtug,  -ftfilagen,  tr. 

slay,  kill. 
erjebrecfen  (w,5w),  -fdjraf, -fd)roden,  *'«/V. 
\.  be   frightened;  ?V.  <*«</  reg.  terrify, 
frighten. 
erft  (-),  adj.  first,  prime,  foremost ;  adv. 
firstly,  first,  at  first;   for  the  firct  time, 
not  till  now,  only  at  this  time  ;  but  just, 
only,    am  erften.  (199, 1.) 
erfrauitcn  (u-w),  intr.  f.  be  astonished. 
erfteigm    (u-w),    -ftieg,    -ftiegen,    tr. 

ascend. 
crtftlten  (w-w),  intr.  resound. 
ertrtnfen  (v"5v'),  -tranf,  -tvunfen,  intr.  f. 

be  drowned. 
ern>ad)en    (w,5w),    intr.    \.    awake,   be 

aroused. 
errodbnen  {yj-yj),  *>.  mention. 
errocirmen  (uv5v'),  *V.  make  warm,  warm 

up.     fid)  — ,  grow  warm. 
crroarten  (u,5w),  ?V.  await,  expect. 
OFrnjartnng  (u,5u),./  -en,  expectation. 
erroctfen  ("***)»  -nries,  -roiefen,  /r.  show, 

prove,  render  (<w  a  favor  or  kindness). 
ertoi(c)fcern  («-«),  tr.  answer,  reply. 
ern>tfd)cn  {yj'5*J),  tr.  seize,  lay  hold  of. 
@rj  05  ^r  -),  «.  -e§,  -e,  ore,  metal, 
cndblcn  (w-w),  tr.  relate,  tell. 
(?r;dbluug  (y-^),f  -en,  tale,  narrative. 
e$   (^  ««</  w),  /ters.  pron.   tieut.  it  {often 
shortened  to  '5)  :  zV  <?/fe«  answers  to  the 
English  there  before  a  verb  ;  w^r*  <?/fe* 
zz*  serves  the  purpose  of  shifting  tfe  true 
subject  to  a  position  after  tlie  verb,  and 
is  itself  untranslatable.    (35.) 
CFfcl  (-"),  m.  -0,  — ,  ass,  donkey. 


effett. 


301 


ftingerljut. 


cffen  {•*"),  a%,  gegefjen,  tr.  eat.  —  <Sie 
gern  ©icr  ?  do  you  like  eggs? 

(S^loffel  (v5"w),  m.  -9,  — ,  table-spoon. 

@^immer  05""),  «•  -5#  — ,  dining-room. 

etltcfo  O5^),  {chiefly  in  pi.  etlidje  etc.),Pr. 
adj.  some,  sundry. 

etraatg  (u-w),  «^'.  or  adv.  possible. 

ettt>a£  (<5u),  indef.  pron.  indeclinable. 
something,  anything,  some,  any,  some- 
what {construed  in  apposition  with 
followmg adj '.  or  gen'ly,  noun.  —  9ieue§, 
some  news.  —  ©uie§,  something  good) ; 
often  used  adverbially ,  somewhat. 

eud)  {-),  pers.  pron.  dat.  or  ace.  pi.  of  bit, 
you,  to  you.   (35.) 


i.  eucr  (xv),  pass.  adj.  your,  yours. 
(54,  2.) 

2.  citcr  (£v),  ^«.  //.  of  bu,  of  you,  your. 
(35.) 

Ctir  ...  .  (-),  optional  contr^nfor  CUCr  .... 
(54,  2.) 

eitrtg  (-w),  (w/M  ofc/^  article),  poss.  pron. 
yours. 

Gruropa  (--u),  n.  -§,  Europe. 

(?uropaer(---^), ;«.  -*,  —  (/  -in.  113), 
European. 

europaifci)  (---«),  «<#.  <?r  «a^.  Euro- 
pean.   (233.) 

<?rerctttum,  &tfter  )  (""-  tss{^y),  n.  -a 

©rcrjittum,  j  or  -ten,  exercise. 


fa'htg    (-^),  adj.  or  adv.    {with  genii.), 
capable. 

fahren  (-«),  fubr,  gefafyren,  intr.  Uorl). 
fare,  go ;  go  in  a  carriage,  drive ;  go  in 
a  boat,  row,  sail,     [cf  Engl,  wayfarer.] 

Sfahrplcm  (--),  m.-&,  -dne  and-z,  time- 
table. 

Sahrt  (-),/.  -en,  journey,  voyage,  drive. 

Sal(  05),  m.  -e3,  — aile,  fall,  case,  im— , 
in  case ;  supposing,  if. 

fallen  05"),  fiel,  gefallen,  intr.   \.  fall. 

fallS  05),  adv.  in  case,  if. 

Saint  (ie  ("-""),/•  -n,  family. 

fangen  (*w)»  ft«9»  gefangen,  *r.  catch. 

Sarbe  O5"),/-  -n,  color. 

Sa$  (-*),  n.  -ffe3,  -iiffer,  vat,  cask. 

faff  en  05"),  tfr.  hold,  grasp,  seize. 

faft  (v5),  aa?z/.  almost. 

faul  {-),  adj.  or  adv.  rotten  ;  foul ;  lazy, 
idle. 

Sattlhett  {--),f  laziness,  idleness. 

Sebruar  (-«-or-«-),  m.-%,-t,  Feb- 
ruary. 

Se&er,  {-v),f  -n,  feather,  pen. 

fehlen  (£v),  intr.  {with  dat.)  fail,  be 
wanting  (to).  (347.) 

Sehler  (-"),  w?.  -8,  — ,  fault,  mistake. 

Seter  (-u),  f  holiday,  festival. 

Setertag  (-w-),  m.  -e3,  -e,  holiday. 

fetg(e)  (-("),  #a^'.  or  adv.  cowardly. 

fetn  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  fine,  nice. 

Seinb  (-),  m.  -e<3,  -e,  enemy. 
Setnbtu  (■'-"),  f.  -nen,  (female)  enemy 


Selb  (*},  «•  -c§,  -er,  field. 

SelS  (<*)  or  Selfeu  (*»*),  ;«.  -en  ^  -en§, 
-en,  rock,  cliff. 

Selfen  (*vj  or  SelS  (*),  ,«.  -§,  -  ;  -riff, 
n.  rocky  reef,  ledge  of  rocks. 

Senfter  (*»»),  n.  -§,  — ,  window. 

Serbtuanb  (*vv),  w.  -4,  Ferdinand. 

Serten  (-wu), //.  vacation-time,  holidays. 

fern  (<*),  «^'.  w  «dfz>.  distant,  far  off,  re- 
mote ;  ferner  .  .  .  thun,  continue  to  do. 

fertig  {isj),  adj.  or  adv.  ready;  finished, 
-e  5lleibcr,  ready-made  clothes,  mit  eis 
item  —  roerben,  get  the  better  of  one. 
ftdj  —  mac&en,  get  ready. 

feft  or  fefre  (<*  or^^),  adj.  or  adv.  fast, 
firm,  tight. 

fe  fih  a  (ten  0*vw)t-$ielt|  -jehalten,  intr.  f. 
hold  on,  cling ;  tr.  hold  fast,  cling  to. 

Scftlanb  (<*«),  n.  -§,  continent.  ba§  fefte 
8anb,  the  continent,  terra  firma. 

feftnehmen  (*-vX  -na&m,  -genommen, 
tr.  take  (lay)  hold  of,  arrest. 

fett  (^J,  <2^'.  <?r  adv.  fat. 

^ett  (<*),  »z.  -e§,  -e,  fat,  grease. 

Setrflecf(en)  0*u)v),  ?«.  -8,  -e(n),  grease- 
spot. 

Seuer  (-«),  «.  -§,  — ,  fire. 

ftnfccn  (>5u),  fanb,  gefunben,  tr.  find, 
meet  with ;  deem,  think  ;  refl.  be  found, 
be  (in  health  or  condition  or  place). 

Singer  (**»),  >«.  -4,  — ,  finger. 

Stngerhut  (,iw-),  «l.  -e§,  -itte,  thimble 
{lit.  finger-hat). 


$lafd)e. 


302 


freunfclitf). 


%laid)t  (**"),/  -n,  flask,  bottle. 

flcbcn  (-"),  tr.  or  intr.  with  dat.  implore. 

Sletfch  (-*),  n.  -e§,  -e,  flesh,  meat. 

3fletfi  (-),  m.  -e§,  diligence,  ttttt  — ,  with 
diligence,  on  purpose. 

fletfltg  (~w),  adj.  or  adv.  industrious,  dili- 
gent. 

fMcfeii  (°w),  tr.  patch,  mend. 

fltcgcn  (-«),  flog,  geflogen,  intr.  \.orf). 

flj. 

fliehcti  (-«),  flob,  gefloben,  Mr.  f.  flee, 

escape  ;  tr.  flee  from,  avoid. 
fltc^cii  (-«),  flofj,  gcfloffen,  intr.  \.  or  b. 

flow. 
fltC^Cllb  (-"),  rf^'.  or  adv.  fluent(ly). 
fltftlf  (*),  rt^\  or  adv.  brisk,  nimble. 
t^linte  (?^),f.  -n,  flint-lock,  gun,  musket. 
ftlore  (*«),/  -n,  flute. 
Slug  (-),    m.   -e§,  -iige,   act  of  flying, 

flight ;  flock,  swarm, 
yyliigci  (-u),  m.  -3,  — ,  wing. 
Slufc  C^  »*•  -***  — iiffe,  flow  ;  river. 
Slut(f))  (-),/  -en,  flood,  high  water. 
t$clge  (^^),f  -tt,  sequence,  consequence, 

sequel.     —  leiften,  comply,  obey. 
folgcn  (**»).  «rir.  f.  {with dat.),  follow; 

obey, 
folgenb  05"),  /r«.  /for/,  following, 
folfl  I  id)  {^v),  adv.  orconj.  consequently. 
forbern  (v5w),  tr.  demand. 
Sorm  (?),fi  -en,  form, 
fort  (v5),  aafe.  and  sep'ole  prefix,  forth, 

forward,    onward;    on   and  on  (in  time), 

continuously ;  away,  gone,  off. 
fortbiafen  0*-vJ.  -blte§,  -geblafen,  tr. 

blow  away  or  off.  intr.  continue  blow- 
ing. 
fortfaiiren  (*-w),  -fubr,  -gefabren,  intr. 

\.  and  b.,  continue,  depart  (by  carriage, 

boat,  etc.). 
fortlaufen  05-"),  -lief,  -gelaufen,  intr.  f. 

run  off  or  away,  escape. 
fortnmdiCH  05""),  intr.    f.  make  haste; 

r<?#  take  one's  self  off,  get  away,  de- 
camp, 
fortfchfafen  (*-w),   -fcblief,  -gefcblafen, 

intr.  sleep  on. 
jjortfctoritt  (<*«),  w.  -e§,  -e,  progress. 

— e  madjen,  make  progress. 
fortfe&cn  C*w»*),  /r.  put  or  set  forward; 

hence  gett1  ly  push  on,  continue,  pursue. 


furtrragen  05-"),  -trug,  -getragen,  tr. 

carry  away. 
forttretben  O5-^),  -trieb,  -getrieben,  fe 

drive  away  or  onward. 
fortjtei)cn  O5-^),  -jog,  -gejogen,  tr.  drag 

or  pull  along ;   ?'«/>-.  f.  pursue  one's  way, 

go  away,  move  off  or  away,  emigrate. 
Srage  (-"),/.  -n,  question. 
fragcn  (^")  fragte,   frug,  gefragt,  intr. 

or  tr.  ask. 
Sranffurt    (*«),  «.  -*,  Frankfort, 
fraitffurtcr,    05""),  <*#.    of    Frankfort. 

(230,  1). 
tfrantreid)  (*-),  «•  -*#  France.    (233.) 
%van\  if),  m.  -en(s),  Francis,  Frank. 
$ran;ofe  (u-w),  m.  -n,  -n,  Frenchman. 

(233.) 

9ratt}dffa     (w-w),    /    -nen,     French 

woman.     (Page  73,  n.  5.) 
fraii}ftftfd)  ("-«),  adj.  or  adv.  French. 

(233.) 
3rrau   (-),  f.  -en,  wife,  woman,  Mrs.  (as 

title) ;  often  not  translated.     See  ffTtinu 

letn. 
■tfraulctti   (--),   n.  -§,   — ,   young  lady; 

Miss   (as  title);    often  not    translated: 

gebort  e3  'Sfoxvc  grauletn  Sd)n>efter  (3b* 

rer  grew  flutter)?    does  it  belong  to 

your  sister  (your  mother)  1 
fret  (-),  adj.  with  gen.,  or  adv.  free,  at 

liberty ;  voluntary. 
itrcte  (-w),  bte  or  bct§,  the  open  air. 
3?retbett  (z_);  y;  _eit/  freedom,  liberty. 
3fm'tag  (-«  or  --),  m.  -§,  -e,  Friday, 
fremfc  (*),  a^'.  or  adv.  strange. 
ijremb  05),  adj.  used  as  noun,  stranger. 

ber,  bie  grembe,  eiu  gvember. 
Srentfcc   (v5u),  f  foreign  country,  region 

away  from  home,    in  ber  (bte)  grembe, 

abroad. 
freffen  (*«),  frafj,  gefreffen,  tr.  eat  {said 

of  animals,  not  man). 
Sceubc  (-"),f.  -n,  joy,  pleasure. 
f  re  licit  (-"),  tr.  give  pleasure  to,  rejoice; 

refl.  be  glad,  rejoice,  be  happy,  fid)  fiber 

or<\\\\  etroa3<?reiner©acbe(,fv?«.)freuen. 
tfrcunb  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  friend. 
JvrciuiMn  (-"),  /  -nen,  (female)  friend. 

(Page  73,  n.  5.) 
freunMid)  (-«),  adj.  or  adv.  friendly, 

kind ;  cheerful. 


Sfrcuitfclidifctt. 


303 


©eBo^rcn. 


ftreimfclid)fdt  (*«-),  /  -en,  friendli- 
ness. 
ftreunfcfdjaft  (-«),/  -en,  friendship. 
^ricbc(n)  (-«),  m.  -n3,  -n,  peace.  (376.) 
frtfd)  (^),  «<#.  or  «*&/.  fresh,  refreshing, 

cool;  new. 
Wrtfc  05),  w.  -en§,  «#»««.  <?/"  fyriebrid), 

Fred. 
frol)  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  glad,  joyful,  joyous, 

happy. 
frohlich  (-«),  a*#.  <w  a<&>.  joyous,  gay, 

merr\  rro!icsome. 
ire  mitten   05"),   intr.  with  dat.  advance 

the  interest  of,  benefit,  avail. 
$tvft  C*>.   **•  -**»  W^bfte,  frost,  cold, 

chill,  frigidity. 
frtib(e)  (-0-0,  adj    or  adv.  early. 
3friihe    (-w),  ./.   -n,   early  time,  morning 

time,    in  ber  —  be$  aJiorgettS,  early  in 

the  morning. 
frtibcr  (-"),  #^7.  or  adv.  earlier,  sooner, 

formerly). 
ftruhjabr  (--),  n.  -§,  -e,  spring. 
Wruhltng  (-«),  at.  -3,  -e,  spring. 
Sfrubftticf  (-"),  «.  -3,  (early  piece <?r meal, 

i.  e.)  breakfast. 
friihjlucfen   (■£««),    intr.  breakfast;    tr. 

breakfast  on. 
frub}etttg  (--"),  adj.  early. 
^ud)«  (*),  w.  -e»,  -Ud)fe,  fox. 
ftii i"b Scbe it  05"),  -lein,  (*-),  «.  -§.  — , 

little  fox. 
fiigen  (-w).  *r.  fit  <?r  put  together. 


ffibttn  (^w),  *r.  feel. 

9fifet(orn  (-v)-  «•  -*i  -Corner,  feeler 

(of  insects). 
ftubrer  {■*■»)   >».   -%,  —  (/.  -in,   113), 

leader,  guide. 
fallen  0*  «),  tr.  fill, 
fiinf  (*),  www.  five.    — tnal,  adv.  five 

times, 
fnttfinal  (*-),  «^.  five  times. 
fitnfte  05"),  ber,  bte,  ba§  fiinf te,  ««>«. 

flk^/'.  fifth, 
fiinftcbalb  (**"),  num.  adj.    (fifth  half, 

i.  e. )  four  and  a  half.    (244,  c.  2.) 
fiinf  {(bit  (*-)•  «*•»«  fifteen, 
fiinfaebnt  O5-)}  »«**.  a^/'.  fifteenth, 
fiinftig  or  funf}tg  {*  u),  ««>«.  fifty, 
fiiufiigft  (<*"),    ber,  bic,  ba§   funfjigfte, 

«7<;«.  «^'.  fiftieth, 
futtfeln  (*w),  *»&*.  emit  sparks,  sparkle, 

SCINTILLATE. 

fill*  (-),  prep,  {with  ace.)  for ;  in  behalf  of ; 

instead  of,   in  return   for;  as  concerns. 

nm§  fitr,  what  sort  of.    (115,  314.) 
3furd)t   ifi,  f.  {no  pi)  fear,   fright. 
fiird)tctt  {*»),   tr.   fear,   dread;   reft,   be 

afraid  (of  something,  oor  etroae). 
fiirdjterlid)  (v5uu),  adj.  or  adv.  frightful. 
fltrd)t(o$  05-),  adj.  fearless. 
Sfiirft  {*),  m.  -en,  -en,  prince.  (377.) 
3f»»f|  (-),  m.  -e§,  -iifse,  foot,  an— ,  on  foot. 
i?u$boben,  (--w)  w.  -8,  -oben,  floor. 
fiittern  or  futtern  05"),  furnish  fodder 

to,  feed. 


®. 


©abel  ('-),/. -n,  fork. 

gabneu  (-u),  z'«*r.  yawn. 

galop(p)i(e)ren   (uw-w),  z«/r.  gallop. 

©aug  (<*),  w.  -e§,  -tinge,  going;  gang- 
way, passage. 

©an*  05),/.  -anfe,  goose.   (37.) 

gait  J  0s),  adj.  whole;  adv.  entirely,  quite, 
—  roofjt,  very  well. 

gar  (-),  adj  {not  declined),  ready,  done; 
adv.  quite,  very,  exceedingly;  frequent 
with  negatives,  at  all :  —  nid)t§,  nothing 
at  all. 

©am  (*),  n.  -3,  -e,  yarn  ;  net,  snare. 

©arten  0*M),  m.  -i,  -tirten,  garden 
(367) 


©arteniaube  (<5u-w), /  -n,  arbor. 
©artentnauer  0*w-w),  /■    -n,  garden- 
wall. 
©artner  05"),  ;«.  -»,  —  (/  -in,  113), 

gardener, 
©aft  (>*),  w.  -e§,  -afte,  gnest. 
Wafthaud  (*-),  n.  -e3,-aufer,  inn,  hotel, 
©aftbof  (*v  or  *-),  w.  -§,  -ofe,    inn, 

hotel. 
©afttt)trt(b)  C15^,  ««.  -§,  -e,  hotelkeeper. 
©attc  (*0),  m.  -n,  -n,  husband. 
©atttn  05"), ,/  -nen,  wife.    (Page  73,  n 

5.) 
gebabren  (w-u),  rejl.  bear  one's  self. 
©cbabrcn  (w-w),  «.  ways,  manners. 


©eboufce. 


304 


gemiii 


©ebaube  (u-u),  n.  -•#.— ,  building. 

gebeit  (-«),  gab,  gegeben,  /r.  give,  deal 
(cards).  e$  giebt,  £fr.  {with  obj.  in  ace.) 
there  is  or  are,  *tfc.  fid)  SJiiibe  — ,  take 
pains.    toaS  gtebt'3  ?  what's  the  matter? 

gcbieten  (v-u),  -bot,  -botcn,  bid. 

©ebirg  or  ©cbirge  (w<5(w),  ».  -e§,  -c, 
mountains  (chain  of). 

gebiffen  (w,iw)>  past  part,  of  betfjen. 

geblafen  (u-u),  /^^  /ar/.  <?/"  blafen. 

gebegen  {v-v),  past  part,  of  biegen. 

gcboten  (w-u),  Aw/  /arA  <7/"  bieten. 

gebradjt  i?*),  A"*  /«r/.  of  bringen. 

©ebraud)  (w-),  ««•  -%,  -aud)e,  use.  — 
macben  con,  make  use  of. 

gebrand)en  ("-"),  **.  use. 

©ebriit'er   (w-u),    pi.    brothers  {of  a 

firm). 

©ebnrt  {"-\  f.  -en,  birth. 
©eburtStag  (u-u),  nt.  -i,-t,  birthday, 
gebiitft  (w,s),  past  part,  of  biicfen,  bowed, 

bent. 
©ebtifd)  (w,i),  n.  -e§,  -e,  bashes,  bush, 

shrub. 
©efcadjtntd  ("*"),  ».  -ffe§,  -ffe,  memory. 
©efcanfe  (v,5w),  w.  -n§,  -n,  thought. 

(376.) 
gebcufeu  J****),  gebad)te,  gebad)t  {gerfly 

•with   an,   sometimes  with   gen.),   intr. 

think  of ;  {with  following  infin.) intend ; 

tr.  {with  ace.  and  dat.)  remember  to  the 

disadvantage  {or  advantage)  of. 
©ebtdjt  (w,s),  n.  -e§,  -e,  poem,  piece  of 

poetry. 
gebiegen  (wXvX  a4Jm  or  adv.  solid. 
©ebrcingc  (*"*"),  n.  -§,  — ,  crowd. 
gebrucft  (w,s),  past  part,  ofbvuden,  press- 
©cbulb  (u,i),  f  {no  pi.)  patience, 
gefabrltd)  (w-u),  adj.  or  adv.  dangerous, 

hazardous. 
gcfaUen  («<*«), -ftel, -fallen,  Mr.  (w/VA 

<£tf.)  suit,  please.   ba§  Sua)  gefallt  mir, 

I  like  the  book. 
©efallcn  (w,5w),  m.  -§,  — ,  favor. 
gefailltg   C*"5*'),  «^'.   or  adv.   agreeable, 

obliging,  courteous, 
gefdlligft  (»»*w),  adv.,  superl.  of  gefallig, 

{lit.  most  obligingly ;  hence)  if  you  please, 

I  beg  you.    (199,3.) 
©efolge  (uv5^),  n.  -§,  — ,  following,  reti- 
nue, attendants ;  consequence. 


gefrtifttg  {^-^),adj.  or  adv.  greedy,  vora- 
cious. 
gefroren  {»-"),  past,  part  of  \vimn,  and 

^/"gefrieren. 
gefttuben    (w<w),  past,  part  of  finben. 
gegen    {-"),  prep,    {with  ace.)    against; 

toward ;  in  the  neighborhood  of,  about. 

(314,  2.) 
©egenb  (-w),  f  -en,  tract  of  country, 

neighborhood. 
gegeufetttg  (-u-u),  adj.  or  adv.  opposite, 

mutual,  common. 
©egcnflanb  (-wv/),  w.,-§,  -dnbe,  object, 

article, 
gcgeniiber   {-yj-yj),  prep,   {with  preced 

dat.)  opposite  to,  over  against, 
gegeffen  («*<  «),  past.  part,  of  effen. 
©egner  (-w),  m.  -S,  —   {f.  -in,  113), 

opponent. 
geben  (*«X  ging,  gegangen,  intr.  f.  go, 

walk,     rote    gebt   e§?  how   do  you  do? 

how  goes  it? 
©ebbr  ("-),  «.-§,  hearing. 
gcbordKit  {K"iv),  intr.  {with  dat.)  obey. 
geboren  (vZ"),  intr.  {with  dat.)  belong 

to. 
©eter  {-"),  m.  -§,  — ,  vulture. 
©etfi  (-),  m.  -e§,  -er,  ghost,  spirit,  mind. 
©ctfrcSgegctuoart  {-yj-*jyj),  f  presence 

of  mind. 
gelabcn  (v-v), past. part,  oflaben. 
gelb  05),  adj.  or  adv.  yellow, 
©elb  W,  «.  -e§,  -er,  money.    ba(t  )re3  — , 

ready  money,  cash. 
©elbbeittel  f*"-w),  m.  -§,  — ,  purse. 
©elfcftutf  05"),  n.  -3,  -e,  piece  of  money 
©elegrnbeit  ("-"-), /I  -en,  opportunity, 
gclcfirt  '«-),  «<^'.  or  adv.  learned. 
geltngen  ("°u),  gelang,   gelungen,  intr. 

f.  (7X///A  <&/.)  succeed,  prosper.    (347.) 
gel  ten  (**»),  gait,  gegolten,  /«/r.  {gently 

in  third pers. ,  tf/fe«  impers'ly)  be  worth, 

pass. 
Weinabl  (w-),  as.  -§,  -e,  husband. 
©enmbltn  (u-w),  /".  -nen,  wife.    (Page 

73,  n.  5.) 
©entdlbe  (w-w),  n.  -§,  — ,  \  ainting 

©em  a  I  teg  oiler  te  (»*vw^  f  -n,  pic- 
ture-gallery. 

gent ii|?   ("-),  /r^/.  (w/VA  </<sr^.  preced.  of 
following),  according  to.   (315.) 


Qcmetn. 


305 


©liittuigcr. 


gcntciii  (y-),  adj.  with  dat.,  or  adv.  com- 
mon, low,  base. 
©cm life    ("•*«),    n.    -9,     -,    vegetables 

(cooked  for  eating). 
©emiifegarten  (wXvwv),  m.  -§,  -artett, 

kitchen-garden, 
©emufefodnbler   (*»**»«*•»),    *«.  -§,   — , 

green-grocer,  dealer  in  vegetables, 
gcitati  ("-),  adj.  or  adv.  precise,  exact. 
©enautgfeti  ("-"-),  /  -en,  accuracy. 
genefen  ("-«),  genaS,  genefen,   ?'«/r.  f. 

recover. 
gettitg    (u,i  or  «-),    «<&>.  {following  the 

adj.  which  it  qualifies)  enough, 
©cographie  {gh  -««-),/.  geography, 
©epd'cf  (»"*),   n.   -e3,   -e,  luggage,    bag- 
gage. 
g(e)rabe  (w)-w),  «oT?\  straight,  erect;  adv. 

directly,  straight,  just. 
©erdufd)  («-),  n.  -e§,  -e,  noise. 
gertng(e)  (w,5(u),  ««£?'•  or  adv.  small. 
gertffeu  (w>5w),  /«.?/  A*r^.  of  reifjen. 
gern  (>*)  or  gerite  {^^),adv.  gladly,  wil- 
lingly,   id)  tnocbte  — ,  I  would  like,     er 
bat  e§  — ,  he  is  fond  of  it,  likes  it.    er 
bat  e§  nicbt  —  getban,  he  did  not  do  it 
on  purpose. 
©erfte  (<  w),  f.  -tt,  barley. 
©crftenjucfev   (^wv),    m.    -§,    barley- 
sugar. 
©cruel)  (wv5),  m.  -e§,  -iicEje,  odor. 
©criidjt  (u,J),  n.  -e§,  -e,  report. 
gefaljcn  (w,5w),  past  part,  o/faljen,  salted. 
©cfaug   (w,i),  ?«.   -3,  -ange,    singing, 

song,  warbling. 
©efcbdft  (u,s),  «.  -9,  -e,  business,    ein 

—  abmacben,  settle  a  business. 
gcfd)eben  CwZw)i  gefdjab,  gefdjeben,  /»fr. 

f.    {used  only   in  third  pers.),  happen, 
occur,  befall,  take  place. 
©efd)cnf  (uv5),  «.  -eft,  -e,  present,    jutn 

—  madden,  make  a  present  of. 

©cfd)td)tc  (wv5w),  f  -It,  story,  history. 

©efd)id)t$tt>erf  (w,5w),  «.  -4,  -e,  histori- 
cal work. 

©cfd)teflid)(ctt    (w,5«-),  /    skilfulness, 

dexterity. 
gcfd)ieft  (uv5),  «^'.  or  adv.  clever,  skilful. 
©efdjmac?  («  ^),  w.  -3,  taste. 
©ctdjmctbc  (u-w),  «.  -*,  — ,  jewels. 
©efd)&pf  («*),  «.  -3,  -e,  creature. 


gefd)nJtnfc(e)    0-"5"),  adj.  or  adv.  swift, 

without  delay. 
©efdwtfier  (w,5w),  //.   brothers  and  sis- 
ters, 
gefehen  (y-^),  past. part.  o/"feben. 
©cfdlfd)aft  (w*v),  y;  -en,   company,  so- 
ciety, party. 
©efellfdjaftSrimmer  (v^www),  «.  -§,  — , 

drawing-room. 
®efid)t  C*"*),  «•  -3,  -er,  sight,  face.  (373.) 
gefotteu  (u>5u),  past  part,  o/fieben. 
gefperrt  (u,i),  from  fperren,  spread  apart, 
gefpt^t  (wv5),  adj.  pointed. 
©efprdd)  (u-),  n.  -e3,  -e,  conversation. 
geftern  f*v%  adv.  yesterday.   —  oor  acbt 

£ageu,  a  week  ago  yesterday. 
gefi(e)rtg  (*(?)*)  «*#■.  or  adv.  of  yester- 
day, yesterday's. 
gefuub  (w<i),  o*#'.  or  aofr.  (gefiinber,  ge» 

fiinbeft),  healthy. 
©efunbhett  {y"i-),f  soundness,  health 
auf  2>entanbe§  —  trint'en,  drink  to  one's 
health, 
ge trail cit   (w-u),  tr.  {refl.  or  with  refl. 

dat.)  trust ;  dare. 
©etreibe  (w-w),  «.  -4,  grain. 
gerodhren  ("-"),  tr.  grant. 
getualttg    (uv5°),  «o^\   or   adv.    mighty, 

potent ;  big,  vast. 
©etuehr  («■£),  n.  -§,  -e,  gun,  musket. 
geioefen  iy-^),  past  part,  o/fein. 
geiut^  (w°),  #^-  or  adv.  certain,  sure, 
gcroo linen    (w-u),  intr.  with  gen.  b.  or 
f.  be  accustomed,    geroobnt  fein  (an),  be 
used,  accustomed  (to). 
gerobhitcn  (u-u),  tr.  accustom. 
©etnohnhett  {"--),  f  -en,  habit, custom, 
genjolliiltdi  (u-w),  adj.  or  adv.  common- 

(ly),  usual  (ly). 
geroorben  (w,iw),  past  part,  of  roerben. 
gctuufft  f"'5),  past  part  of  itnffen. 
©id)t  (^),/.  -en,  or  n.  -e§,  -en,  gout. 
gtefceu    (*"),    go§,    gegoffen,    tr.    pour, 

sprinkle. 
©tpfel  (>5u),  m.  -9,  — ,  summit,  top,  peak. 
©lanj  (*),  w.  -e§,  brilliance,  splendor. 
gldli^Ctt  (,5u),  intr.  shine,  glisten. 
gldn^cnb  («*«),  a:^''  brilliant. 
©(a*  (<  or-),  n.  -e3,  -ftfet,  glass, 
glattbcn  (-w),  <r»    believe,  think    (w//4 

dat.  of  person). 
©ldubigcr  (-uw),  w.  -3,  — ,  creditor. 


GlcM). 


306 


iWflcln. 


gletd)  (-),  adj.  like,  similar,  equal  to; 
adv.  similarly,  equally ;  often  for  f  ogleicb, 
immediately,  at  once ;  with  preceding  ob 
or  roenn,  although. 

gletdKit  (-w),  intr.  {with  dat.)  be  like, 
resemble. 

gleidnoie  (--),  conj .  even  as,  just  as. 

gleidnuohl  (--),  adv.  or  conj.  yet,  still. 

®lotfenfci)lag(,6"-0r'6ww),  m.  -e3,-age, 
stroke  of  the  bell  or  clock,  mit  bent  — 
titer,  as  the  clock  struck  four. 

©iucf(e)  O5^),  n.  -e§,  good-fortune.  — 
miirtfdjen,  congratulate.  —  nuf,  —  auf 
ben  2Seg,  good  speed!  good  luck! 

g  I  lief  en  ("*«),  intr.  \.  or  i).  with  dat.  (im- 
personal), turn  out  luckily.    (347.) 

gliicflicfo  (,iw),  adj.  or  adv.  lucky,  safe. 

iilHcfUchcruKtfc  («««iw^'5u«-u), adv. 
fortunately. 

©lut(h)  (-),/•  -en,  glowing  fire  or  heat. 

©nabe  (-v),f  -n,  favor,  mercy. 

©olb  (ty,  n.  -e§,  gold. 

gotten  (***),  adj.  golden. 

golbgelb  0*°),  adj.  golden-yellow. 

goltgelocFt  (v5ww),  golden-haired. 

©olblacf  05"),  *«.  -e§,  -e,  wallflower. 

©ott  (>*),  m.  -e§,  -otter,  God.  (374.) 

gftttltd)  (*«),  ao>'.  ?r  a^z/.  godlike,  di- 
vine, godly. 

©ouoernanre  (-v<,sj\f  -en,  governess. 

graben  (-w),  grub,  gegraben,  tr.  dig. 

©raben  (--'),  m.  -§,  -aben,  ditch.   (367.) 

©raf  (-),  m.  -en,  -en,  count.  (377.) 

©rammattf  (w,5w),/  -en,  grammar. 

©rauatapfel  (--ww),  *".  -*,  -apfel, 
poMEgranate. 

©ranatbaum  (---),  »*.  -e§,  -aume, 
pomegranate-tree. 

©ranatfern  (--u),  *«.  -e§,  -e,  pome- 
granate-kernel or  seed. 

©raS  (^X  «.  -e§,  -afer,  grass. 

gratnli(e)ren  (-u-v'),  z«*r.  (wz'M  <&/■.) 
congratulate. 

grau,  adj.  or  adv.  gray. 


©rauen  (-  «), «.  -*,  dread,  dismay,  horror. 

greifen  ('«),  griff,  gegriffen,  tr.  gripe, 
seize,  grasp. 

©retS  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  old  man. 

©renjftafct  (<5w),/  -abte,  frontier-town. 

©rtedje  (-^),  w.  -n,  -n,  Greek.  (233.) 

©rted)enlanb  (-wu),  ».  -*8,  Greece. 

grtediifd)  (-«),  «#>'.  o^  a^fo.  Grecian, 
Greek.  (233.) 

©rtffel  f*"),  ml  -3,  — ,  slate-pencil. 

grimmtg  (*u),  adj.  or  adv.  grim,  fierce. 

©rofd)en  (iu),  m.  -§,  — ,  groschen  (a 
small  coin  =  2>£  cts.). 

grofl  (-),  <*#•  ^  a^fe.  (grower,  grofjt), 
great,  large,  big,  tall,  mit  grofeem 
®cmf,  with  many  thanks. 

©rofcherjog  (-wv),  m.  -e§,  -oge,  grand- 
duke. 

gro$her$ogltd)  (-www),  adj.  grand-ducal. 

grotjnni'dittg  (-ww),  adj.  high  and 
mighty. 

Wrofjm  utter  (~ww)>  f  -mutter,  grand- 
mother. 

©roflpapo  (-"-),  m.  -§,  -5,  grandpapa. 

©rofcoater  (--"),  m.  -§,  -oater,  grand- 
father. (368.) 

©rube  (-w)  /.  -en,  mine,  pit,  hollow, 
grave. 

grim  (-),  green. 

gr tineu  (-w),  intr.  grow  green. 

grtinenb  (- w),  verdant,  growing  green. 

gritngelb  (-u),  <z«y.  greenish-yellow. 

grii^en  (-  w),  rtr.  greet,  salute.  —  laffen, 
send  one's  compliments  to.  —  Sie  ifyn 
Don  tnir,  give  him  my  compliments. 

©lllben  05")  m.  -3,  — ,  florin  (a  coin  of 
varying  value). 

©uufi  (•*),  f  favor,  good-will. 

giiufttg  (•iyj),  adj.  or  adv.  favorable. 

gut  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  (beffer,  beft),  good, 
kind,  well.  —  fetil  (with  dat.)  be  well 
disposed  toward,  be  fond  of,  like,  love. 

©lite  (-u),  f.  goodness,  kindness. 

giitig  (-«),  adj.  or  adv.  kind,  good.  (199,3.) 


£♦ 


£aar  (-),  «.  -e§,  -e,  hair,  fief)  ba§  — 
mad)en,  do  or  arrange  one's  hair. 

haben  (-u),  botte,  gebabt,  tr.  have;  as 
auxiliary,  have. 


Joade  (*v),f  -en,  pick-axe. 

«£afer  (-u),  m.  -3,  oats. 

£agel  (**),  m.  -4,  hail. 

hagelu  (-w),  intr.  and  impers.  hail. 


$agelfd)auer. 


307 


ljerau§f(f)mel$en. 


#agelfd)auer  (-«-«),  m.  -3,  — ,  shower 

of  hail. 
#ggeln>etter  (-««"),  «•  -*,  — ,  hailstorm. 
$aftn (-),  w.  -e§,  -en  or  ^a^rte,  cock.  reals 

fdEjcr  — ,  turkey. 
halb  (?)  adj.  or  adv.  half.    —  jroet,  — 

brei,  JC,  half  past  one,  half  past  two  etc. 
b  albeit  (*«)  or  balbcr  ("*«),  /r<?/>.  (w/^ 

preceding  gen.)  on  account  of,    for  the 

sake  of. 
balbgebffnet  (**>"«),  o*#.  half-opened. 
#al3tud>  05-),  «.  -e3,  -iicber  (or -iicbe), 

neck-cloth,  cravat,  neck-tie. 
baltctt   (<*«),    bielt,   gebalten,  tr.  hold, 

keep,  take  for,  consider,  think,  deliver. 

—  fiir,  deem,  consider,     ein  ©cfolafcben 

— ,  take  a  short  nap. 
Hamburg  (?^),  n.  -9,  Hamburg, 
hamburger  (,5uw),  adj.  Hamburg, 
jammer  O5"),  -*,  jammer,  hammer. 

(367.) 
£anb  if)x  f.  -Snbe,  hand.  (371.) 
bangen   (*«),    bj(e)ng,    gebangert,    intr. 

hang,  be  suspended. 
bangen  (^v),  tr.  suspend;  intr.  (less prop- 
erly) hang, 
bart  (ty,  adj  or  adv.  hard. 
£afe  (-«),  m.  -n,  -n,  hare. 
$afenfug  (-«-),  m.  -e§,  -ttfje,  hare-foot 

(a  plant);  coward, 
b  a  frig  ('«),  a^'.  or  o^fo.  hasty. 
batten  (-w),  E)te6,  gebauen,  /r.  hew,  cut. 
4?aupt  (-),  n.  -e§,  ^aupter,  (375),  head, 

chief  ;  in  compounds  gen'lly  to  be  transl. 

principal,  capital,  main. 
4?auptfefcer  (--"),/•  -n,  main-spring. 
•Sauptmann  (-u),  m.  -§,  -leute,  head 

man,  captain  (caput). 
$auptfa$  (-«),    w.  -e§,  -a$e,  principal 

sentence. 
«£>anS  (-),  n.  -e§,  £aufer  (375),  house,  nad) 

— e,  to  one's  home,  home,    non  — e,  from 

home,     ju  — e,  at  home. 
•$audfuecbt   (-«),    m.   -e3,   -e,  groom, 

"boots." 
•SauSntafcdien  (--"),  «.   -3,  — ,  house- 
maid. 
43audrin3  (*«),  w.  -e§,  -e,  house-rent. 
beben(-«),  bob,  geboben,  tr.  heave,  lift, 

raise ;  refl.  rise. 
$eer  (-),  n.  -e§,  -e,  army. 


$e(e)rbe  (-i°),  /  -n,  herd,  flock. 

4?eft  (^)  «.  or  w.  -e3,   -e;  exercise-book, 

writing-book, 
beftig  0s u),  #^'.  or  arfz>.  violent,  furious. 
-^eibelbeere    (-w-w),  ,/    -n,   bilberry, 

whortleberry. 
bettn  (-),  adv.  home. 
«£etntat(b)  (--),/  -en,  home,  native  place 

or  country. 
•^ettnfebr  (--),/.  return  home. 
•Scimroeg  (--),  m.  -(e)3,  way  home. 
bet#  (-),  adj .  or  adv.  hot. 
beitjen  (-«),  btefj,  gebeifjen,  *V.  bid,  call; 

intr.  be  called ;  mean. 
better  (-u),   «^'.  or  adv.   clear,    serene, 

cheerful,  bright. 
belfen  (>5«),  balf,   gefjolfen,    intr.   (with 

dal.)  help,  aid,  assist. 

bellW,        |       ,.  ,      .        ... 

adj.  or  adv.  clear,  bright. 


belle  (iv), 

bcllgelb  (v5u),  adj.  light-yellow. 

be  Kg  rim  (*-),  adj.  light-green. 

#emb  (*),  n.  -e§,  -en,  shirt.    (370,  2.) 

ber  (-),  in  compos,  with  following  adv.  or 
prep.  «*) ,  adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  hither, 
toward  the  speaker  (opposite  ^bin).  TOO 
. . .  ber  (=  ttiober),  whence. 

berab  (»"*)  adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  down 
(in  the  direction  of  the  person  speaking). 

berabfallen  («*«»»),  intr.  fall  down, 
descend. 

$erabfe$ung  (u,i"w),y.  lowering,  de- 
preciation. 

berabfpringett  (»«*wy^  -[prang,  -ge* 
fprungen,  intr.  jump  down. 

berauf  («-),  tfdk'.  a«o?  sep'ble  prefix,  up 
(in  the  direction  of  the  person  speak- 
ing) 

beraufgeben  (w--u),  intr.  f.  go  up. 

beraufflettern  (w-uu),  /«/r.  f.  climb  up. 

berauS  («-),  aofe.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  out 
hither,  forth. 

bcraitfitfcmnnen  (v-w),  -tarn,  -gefonts 
men,  intr.  f.  come  out,  come  forth,  ap- 
pear. 

beraudlaufen  (w--u),  -lief,  -gelaufen, 
intr.  f.  run  out. 

beranSncbnten  (w--u),  -nabm,  -genonts 
men,  tr.  take  out. 

beranSfcbmeljen  (u-ww),  -fcbmolj,  -ge* 
fcbmoljen,  *r.  and  intr.  f.  melt  out. 


fyeraugfcfjen. 


308 


fjtnaug. 


berauSfehcn  («--v),  -fab,  -gefeben,  intr. 

look  out. 
berauSfretgen  (w--u),  -ftieg,  -geftiegen, 

intr.  f.  get  out. 
I)eraudjicl)cn  ("--w),  -jog,  -gejogen,  tr. 

draw  or  pull  out. 
I)crbct  ("-),  «^.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  near 

by  hither  (from  farther  off  into  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  speaker), 
ftc rbcim a d)cn  («-w«),  refl.  approach. 
£erbfl  05),  nt.  -e§,  -e,  harvest-season, 

autumn, 
herein  (u-),  <^/w.  and  Sep"1  Me  prefix,  in 

hither  (toward  the  speaker  from   with- 
out). 
ncrctiilaMfcit   (w--u),   -lief,   -gelaufen, 

intr.  f.  run  in. 
hereinrufen  ("--"),  -rtcf,  -gerufen,  tr. 

call  in. 
hereiutoerfeit  (w-w«),  -roarf,  -geroorfen, 

tr.  throw  in. 
herfoHinicn   (-uw),    -lam,    -gelommen, 

intr.  f .  come  along  hither,  approach. 
bemtefcer  (w-w),  adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix, 

down   hither  (toward  the  speaker  from 

above). 
bcrniet,erhaiigen  or  shangcu  ^""^ 

-bi(e)ng,  -gebangen,  intr.  b.  or  f.  hang 

down. 
berme&erfcftn>eben  (w-«-w),  intr.  come 

floating  down. 
£err  (<*)  >«.  -n,    -en,    Mr.    (as    title), 

master,  gentleman,     ber  £err,  the  Lord. 

often  not  to  be  translated;  as,  ^br  £err 

Srubcr.    See  ^rfiuletu. 
bcrtlld)  0s  w),  adj.  or  adv.  splendid,  mag- 
nificent. 
herumretfen  O"5-"),  intr.  travel  about. 
heruiu;ifhcnb    (uv5-w),    part,  strolling, 

itinerant. 
herunter  (*"*v)i  «a5?.   and  sep'ble  prefix, 

downward  (from  above  and  toward  the 

speaker). 
hcrtuitcrfnUen  (««*«««),  -fief,  -gefaUen, 

m/r.  f.  fall  down. 
hcrmttci'iKbeii  (ui«-«),  -ging,  -gegan* 

gen,  intr.  f.  go  down. 
beruiitcrfoniHieii  («<vww)f  -fam,  -ge* 

fommen,  «rfr.  f.  come  down. 
berunterlocfcn(w,5w«"),  tr.  decoy  down, 

entice  down. 


berunrerrufen  H«-«),  -rief,  -gerttfen, 

tr.  call  down. 
berunterfd)lagen(^«-«),  -fdjlufl,  -ge* 

fd&Iagen,  /r.  knock  down  ;  z«/r.   f.  fall 

down. 
berunterroerfen  (»»<»**  «)}  _roarf ,  -geroor* 

fen,  tr.  throw  down. 
beroor    («><),    aa'z/.   <*«*?  *<?/'£&  prefix, 

forth  <?r  forward,  hither,  out. 
beroorfomnteii   (u-wu),   -fam,    getoms 

men,  intr.  f.  appear. 
beroorfprofifen  (u-ww),  intr.  f.    sprout 

forth, 
-^er^  0s),  «.  -en§,  -en,  heart ;  courage. 

(370,  2.) 
hcrdidi  (*«),  a^'.  or  adv.  hearty,  cor- 
dial. 
«£>erjog  (<•  -or^^),  m.  -e§,  -e  £>r  -oge,  duke. 
-8eu  (-),  «.  -e§,  hay. 
bculcn  (-u),  ortir.  howl. 
beut(e)  (-  («),  <wfo.  to-day,  this  day.    — 

iibcr  acbt  Sage,  a  week  from  to-day.     — 

nor  adjt  Sagen,  a  week  ago  to-day. 
bcutig  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  of  to-day,  pres- 
ent. 
J^tcb  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  cut,  blow  (with  a 

cutting  instrument). 
bier  (-),  adv.  here. 
bierauf  (--),  adv.  hereupon,  upon  this. 
bie(r)ber  (--),  adv.  hither,  to  here,  thus 

far. 
bicft'g  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  here. 
<3tmbeere  (*-"),  fi  -n,  raspberry. 
<£>immel  05"),  *n.  -§,  — ,  heaven,  sky. 
l)in  (^),  adv.  and  sep 'ble prefix ;  opposite  to 

ber,  hence,  along,  away;  often  implying 

motion  without  regard  to  direction.     — 

unb  ber,  to  and  fro,  back  and  forth,     too 

bin  ( =  roobin),  whither. 

btnatlf  («-),    adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix  up 

(from  the  speaker). 
binaufgeben  («--"),  -ging,  -gegangen, 

intr.  f.  go  up. 
binaufflcttcrn  (wXwwX  intr.  climb  up. 
binaufleirrn  ("--"),  tr.  raise  by  means 

of  a  windlass. 
binaufrocrfen  (v*vw),  -roarf,  -gemorfen, 

tr.  throw  up. 
htinuid  ("-),  adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  out 

hence  or  thither,  forth  (from  (he  speaker 

or  point  contemplated). 


fjinctuSfafjren. 


309 


gufjnerbteu. 


binauSfabren  ("--«),  -fubr,  -gefabren, 

tr.  and  intr.  f .  drive  out,  wheel  out. 
btiiauSaeben  ("■*-«),  -ging, -gegangen, 

intr.  f.  go  out. 
binaudfeben  (w--w),  -fab,  -gefeben,  intr. 

look  out. 
binbr iiiqcit  05""),  -bracbte,  -gebracbt,  j?r. 

bring  or  carry  away,  spend  (as  time). 
()tne tn  (wZ),  a:^.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  into 

it,  in  thither  (from  the  speaker), 
bincinbaucn  (u--u),  tr.  build  in. 
bine  tub  lafcu  (w--u),  -blteS,  -geblafen, 

^r.  or  intr.  blow  in. 
hiiieingcbcu  (vi-w),  -ging,  -gegangen, 

ttrtr,  f.  go  in  <?r  into, 
btneiiigiefien  («-6-»),  -gofc,  -gegoffen,  /r. 

pour  in  or  into. 
bineiitlaufeii  (u--u),   -lief,   -gelaufen, 

intr.  f.  run  in. 
biiieiiilcgen  (w--w),  fr".  lay  in,  put  back. 
I)incinfd)icf en  (« -  u «),  /r.  send  in  <?r  into. 
hincintdmttcn  (u-uu),  ^r.  pour  in  or 

into, 
binetntbun  («--),  -tbat,  -getban,  tr.  put 

in  or  into, 
bineinroerfen  (w-uu),  -roarf,  -geroorfen, 

/r.  throw  in  or  into, 
btngegen  ("- v),  aafe.  or  cow;',  on  the  other 

hand. 
hingeheii  (•*-«),  -ging,  -gegangen,  *«/r. 

f.  go  there. 
hintotunten    (*VVX   -lam,    -gefommen, 

z'«z?r.  f.  come  forth  or  away,  get  (there), 
hinlaufen  05-"),  -lief,  -gelaufen,  intr.  f. 

run  away, 
bin  lege  n  (*-w),  /r.  lay  down;   refi.  lie 

down. 
b i n ft e lien  (,5««),  tr  place. 
biiifrreuen  (*-»'),  *r.  scatter. 
()ilt ten  O5"),  arfw.  behind. 
I)i liter  (,5"),  /r*/.  ttt&i  dat.  or  accus.  be- 
hind.  (316.) 
£interfufl  (««-),  -e§,  -ttfje,  hind  foot. 
biniiber  ("-"),  rtdTz>.,  over  there. 
binnnter  (««iu),  «*&>.  down. 
binunterfallen  («*««*),  -fic[,  -gefallen, 

H*&*.  f.  fall  down, 
biiuiiitergcbeii  («<w-«^  -ging,  -gegan= 

gen,  fiwfir.  f.  go  down. 
hinnnterletent  (vrfv-v^  tr.  let  down  by 

means  of  a  windlass. 


binrieben  (*-**),  -jog,  -gejogen,  tr.  draw 
along;  intr.  \.  go,  pass. 

biiMufiigen  (u--w),  i?r.  add. 

bin;iu*eeen  (w-uu),  tr.  add. 

«£>irfcb  (<*),  w*.  -e§,  -e,  hart,  stag. 

<6irfd)fdnger  05""),  w.  -3,  — ,  cutlass, 
hanger. 

4Sirt  ifit  m.  -en  (-eg),  -en,  |  herdsman, 

4>irte  (***),  »*.  -n,  -n,         j  shepherd. 
(377.) 

bod)  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  (bober,  bod)ft),  (as 
declined  bober,  bobe,  bobe£)  high,  tall, 
bobeg  filter,  advanced  age.  (p.  54,  n.  1.) 

bod)inut(b)ig  (--u),  adj.  proud,  arrogant. 

b&djfi  (-),  superl.  of  bod),  highest;  as 
adv.  in  the  highest  degree.    (199,  2.) 

4l)Of  (-  or^),  m.  -e<3,  ^bfe,  yard,  court. 

b  Off  en  05"),  tr.  or  intr.  hope. 

<$offmtitg  {*«),  f.  -en,  hope. 

boflid)  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  polite,  courtly. 

lib  did)  ft  (-w),  adv.  most  politely. 

«£ufntcifrer  (x-«  «r  *- »»X  **•  _§/  — /  tutor. 

hohe(-«).    .SV^bocb. 

^6be  (-"),/.  -n,  height,  in  bie  — ,  on 
high,  aloft,  upward,  up.  in  ber  — , 
aloft,  above. 

hoher  (^«),  compar.  of  bod). 

bob!  (-),  «<#.  or  adv.  hollow. 

$&l)le  (-"),  f  -n,  hole,  cavern,  den. 

bolen  (-"),  tr.  fetch,  get.  —  Ictffen,  send 
for. 

£ollanb  (<s«),  n.  -3,  Holland.  (233.) 

«§>ondn&er  (,iwu),  -3,  — ,  inhabitant  of 
Holland,  Dutchman.   (233.) 

boHanbtfd)  (v5vu),  adj.  belonging  to  Hol- 
land, Dutch.  (233.) 

«£>olj  (*),  -e§,  -e  or  ^bljcr,  wood.  (375.) 

•^oljfiofl  (*-),  **.  -**i  -e,  wood-pile. 

bbren  (-w),  /?r.  or  z'«/r.  hear,  understand. 
—  ©te  einmal,  —  Sie  !  I  say! 

<6ofc  (-u),  yi  -n,  hose,  trousers. 

^otel  (-«}),  «.  -§,  -§,  hotel. 

-^otclbefiecr  (-**'*'yX  w-  _g/  — /  hotel- 
keeper. 

^oti'lredmuug  (-<* ««),/.  -en,  bill  (at  a 
hotel). 

bilbfd)  (*),  adj.  or  adv.  pretty,  handsome. 

^>nbn  (-),  n.  -e§,  §iibner,  hen,  fowl. 
(375.) 

•$ uiuter fcieb  (-"-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  hen- 
thief,  stealer  of  poultry. 


OiiljnerljauS. 


310 


^atJnaljl. 


£iibncrbau3  (-"-),  «•  -*•#  -ciufer,  hen- 

house.  (375.) 
•Cmbnerftafl  (-uu),  '«•  ^*#  -*&*,  **»• 

house,  hen-coop. 
$unb  05),  *«.  -cS,  -e,  hound,  dog.    (369.) 
himfcert  05"),  www.  hundred, 
hunbcrtft  05),  ««>«.  «#".  hundredth, 
hunger  (<5w),  *«.  -§,  hunger, 
bungerig  (*«  -X  j  adJ  „  ^  hnnKry. 
hungrtgO5*),        J 


hiipfen  (*v),  /«/r.  b.  or  J.  hop. 
hurttg  (^u),  adj.  or  adv.  quick. 
hufchen  (*«),  «»*r.  hurry,  glide  off. 
£ut  (-),  w.  -e§,  £iite,  hat,  bonnet;  guard 
hiiten  (-«),  reft,  beware. 
$ufren  O5"),  w.  -5,  cough. 
«£utfcftad)tel  (* «"»)»./  -n,  hat-box. 
•Srmctntb  (-uv5),  £*#*r        ^ 
£na$intb(-uv5),  w. -e§,-e,   v  hyacinth. 
$9ajfnthe  (-«*«), / -n,     ) 


3. 


Id)  (*),pron.  I.   (35.) 

fhm  (-),  <&*.  «'»£•.  of  ex  or  c§.  (35.) 

thlt  (-),  ace.  sing.  of  ex.   (35.) 

tbnen  or  Sbnen  (-«),  <£*/.  //.  of  fie  <rr 

©ie.  (35.) 
ihr  or  3br  (-),  i.  nom.  pi.  ofbu  ;  2.  dot. 

sing.  of\\t  or  ©ie  ;  3.  poss.  adj.  her,  its, 

their  (ibrer,  ibve,  ibre§),  <^*  your  (SJbrer, 

Sbre,  Sbre§).   (35;  54,1.) 
ibrer  (-«),  gen.  sing,  or  pi.  of  fie.  (35.) 
3brer  (-),  gen.  pi.  of  bu  (in  address).    (35.) 
ibretbalben  (-««"),     }  <wfo.   on  her  or 
ibrettoegen  (-"-"),       h  its  or  their  ac- 
tbretroillen  (-wv/u),    -J  counter  behalf. 
3bretbalbcit   (-"""),    adv.  on  your  ac- 
count, 
ibrifl  (~  ") ,  Poss.  pr.  and  always  preceded 

by  def  art.,  hers,  its ;  theirs.    (185.) 
3 brig  (-"),  poss.  pr.  always  preceded  by 

def.  art.,  your.    (185.) 
ifluflri(e)rt  (««-),  adj.  illustrated, 
im  05)  =  in  bem. 
tmnicr  O5"),  «^w.  always,  still.   e§nrirb  — 

buntler,  it  keeps  growing  darker, 
inimcrbar  (°w-)>  adv.  ever,  always. 
Smperntio  (*»-- or  »*-■*),  m.  -(e)§, -e, 

imperative  mode. 
Stnperfeft  («w«5),  n.  -(e)§,  -e,  imperfect 

tense. 
in  05))  A"<A  ivithdat.  or  ace.  in,  into,  to, 

at.   (316.) 


tafeti  (be#)  0""5),     I   <Kfo.    however,    yet; 
inbeffen  if*^U       )        co?ij.  while. 


in  bem  (w-),  *»«/.  in  <?r  during  the  time 
that,  while,  as;  in  that  (by  doing  so  and 
so). 

&)("*),     j 

Snfmitio  ( ««r< ),  m.  -(e)8,  -c, 

infinitive. 

3 nh alt  05")  «*.  -§,  («<?  //•)  what  is  held 
in  anything,  contents 

itutcrbalb  {**"*),  «^»-  or  prep,  with  gen. 
or  dot.  within. 

initio.  **»X  rt<#*  ^  fl^z'-  nearty>  warm. 

\\\i  (ty,  contraction  of  in  ba§. 

Snfeft  (wvS),  «.  -8,  -en,  insect.  (370,  2.) 

SnfritUt  (w--),  «•  -(e)§,  -e,  boarding- 
school. 

turoenbia  l"5""),  «<#•  or  adv.  inside. 

irifd)  (-«),  adj.  Irish.  (233). 

Srlanb  05"),  n.  -§,  Ireland.   (233.) 

Srlonber  05-"),  «.  -*,  —  (/  -in), 
Irishman.  (233). 

irldnbifd;  (•«•),  <*#•  Irish.  (233.) 

irren  (,5u),  intr.  b.  ^  f.  err;  rejl.be 
mistaken. 

3rrt(b)um  (^-X  w*.  -*,  -iimer,  error,  mis- 
take.  (127,  3.) 

3fai  (-«-),  w. -3,  Jesse. 

Stalten  (-^--),  «•  -8,  Italy.  (233.) 

3taliener  (--U-UX  «.'-fi  —  if-  -»")> 
Italian.  (233.) 

italienifd)  (--«■£-),  ^".Italian.  (233.) 


^  (Consonant). 

ja  (-  sometimes  <5),  particle  of  assent,  yes ; 
tf^.  asseverative ,  adding  force  Jo  the 
verb,  itself  very  lightly  pronounced,  in- 
deed, truly,  verily,  surely,  you  know. 

Sagcr  (-")>  w.  -§,  — ,  hunter. 


3abr  (-),  «•  -e§,  -e,  year.    »or  Sabren, 

years  ago.   (372.) 
3abrmarft  (--),  m.  -e§,  -drfte,  annual 

fair. 
Sabrjabl  (--),/  -en,  date  of  the  year. 


jammer!  id). 


311 


tferi. 


jammer  ltd)  (v5ww),  adj.  or  adv.  miserable, 
wretched. 

jammevn  (°w),  intr.  feel  sorrow,  lament, 
grieve,  mourn,  cry. 

Sanuar  (y^^-  ory-^-),  m.  -3,  Jan- 
uary. 

jc  (-),  adv.  always,  ever.  —  ....  befto, 
the  ....  the.    —  nacfybem,  according  as. 

jeb  :  ieber  (-»),  jcbe  (-"),  jebeS  (-«),/*-. 
each,  every. 

jebcnfalld  (-u<5  or  -uu),  «^.  at  all 
events. 

jebermann  C*wv)i  indef.pr.  m.  -3,  «»//. 

jebeStttal  (-"-)>  adv.  each  time. 

jebod)  (v"5),  adv.  however,  yet. 

jegltd)  (-"),/*".  every,  each. 

Sentanb  (-"),  A*-  some  orzny  one,  some- 
body. 

jen:  jener  (-«),  jene  (-~),  jene*  (-w),/r. 
yon,  that,  the  former. 

je  life  it .(* "X       I  prep,  with  gen.   on   that 

iettfeitft(«-),   i  side.  (317.) 

3crcd(cA-w),  «•  indecl.  sherry. 

ie$tg  O5"),  «^'«  or  adv.  present. 

jefct  05),  adz',  at  present,  now. 

ftdfer  (-«),  w.  -§,  — ,  beetle. 

ftaffee  05-  or  kah-fay') ,  w.  -3,  coffee. 

ftdfitg  (-w),  ?«.  -*,  -e,  cage. 

ft  ah  a  (-),  w-  -*•,  .Rcibne,  boat,  skiff. 

ftatfcr  (-w),  *».  -*,  — ,  emperor.  [cf. 
Latin,  Caesar  ;  Russian,  czar.] 

ftajiit(t)c  (u,5w),/  -n,  cabin. 

ftalb  (*),  «.  -e3;  flatter,  calf.  (375.) 

fait  05),  adj.  or  adv.  (latter,  falteft),  cold. 

ftalte  OH,  / -",  cold. 

I  am  (-),  imperf.  indie,  of  I  otrnnen. 

ftame(e)l  (u  -),  -§,  -e,  camel. 

ftame(l)lt?  (<*-eB«  <?r  »"•(«) v),  /  -n, 
camellia. 

ftamerab  (""-),  w.  -§  <?r-en,  -en,  com- 
rade. 

ftamm  05),  w.  -e§,  flcimme,  comb. 

faint  men  (*v),  rtr.  comb. 

ftammerbtenev  05u-w),  m.  -3,  — ,  valet 
de  chambre,  valet. 

ftaitartettooqel  (-XwMrw,X  •»•  -4#  -ogel/ 
canary-bird. 

ftapelle  (v^v),f  -n,  chapel. 

ftapeltmetfter  (««-«),  w.  -§,  — ,  leader 
of  a  choir  er  orchestra. 


ft 


3i1bannt3beere  (-,5w-w),  /  -n,  currant. 
journal  {zhoor-nahV ' ,  as  in  French),  n. 

-§,  -e,  journal. 
3 ud) be  !  (w-),  interj.  hurrah!  huzza! 
jttcfett  (,iw),  6w(Sr.  itch, 
jugeitfcltd)  (-uu),  «<#'.  ^r  «*&/.  youthful. 
3ult  (y  --),  w.  -§,  sometimes  invariable, 

July. 

Suite  (y-w),f.  -n§,  Julia. 

jung  (-0,  a*#.  ^  <*&■  (iiirtfler,  ittngft), 
young. 

3unge  (<*»)f  «.  -n,  -n,  young,  offspring. 

3ungfrau  (<*-),  /.  -en,  young  woman, 
maiden. 

3uttgltng  ("*«),  *«.  -§,  -e,  young  man, 
youth. 

3ungltttgdiabr  (**»-),  n.  -e§,  -e,  year 
of  one's  youth. 

jitng£  05),  superl.  of  jung. 

3unt  (y--),  *n.  -§/  <f  invariable,  )  1 

3untu3  (^  -uw),  Mf.  invariable,    ) 

3un>el  (--),  m.  (n.)  -(e)3,  -e,  jewel. 

3umclier  (-«-),  m.  -3,  -e,  jeweler. 

Sutueliertaben  (-u--w),  w  -i,  — ,  jew- 
eler's shop. 

ftappe  05"),/  -n,  cap. 

ftarl  05),  m.  -3,  Charles. 

ftaroltuc  (-vSv),f  -n§,  Caroline. 

ftarre  (v5u), /"• -n,  )  cart,  wheelbar- 

ftarren  05"),  w.  -§,  — ,  )  row. 

ftarte  (*v),f-  -n,  card,  chart,  map. 

Uartoffel  (*****%  f  -n,  potato. 

ftd'fe  (-«),  /«.  -»,  — ,  cheese.  (123,  2.) 

fta$e  f*«),  /  -n,  cat. 

faufen  (•*«),  i"r.  buy. 

{aitm  (-),  adv.  hardly,  scarcely. 

ftehlc  (-"),/ -n,  throat. 

fehren  (-'-'),  <Sr.  turn;  intr.  \.  return. 

fein  (-),  pr.  no,  none,  not  one,  not  any,  no 
one.   (54,1.) 

fetne$n>eg(e)3  (-w-(u),  adv.  by  no  means. 

ftefler  (^u),  m.  -§,  — ,  cellar. 

fteflner  (^"),  m.  -§,  — ,  waiter. 

Certnen  05"),  fannte,  gefannt,  tr.  know. 
\cf.  English  ken.] 

ftenner  (,iu),  m.  -§,  — ,  connoisseur. 

ftenntntd  (nt^)  (<««),  / -ffe,  knowledge, 
fid)  flenntmffe  aneignen,  acquire  knowl- 
edge. 

ftcrl  (*),  w.  -e§,  -e,  fellow, 


Sttvn. 


312 


$negarat(l)). 


Scm  («5),  m.  -e§,  -e,  kernel,  seed. 

Rette  (*»*j,  ./  -n,  chain. 

SttCcriCt  (-u--),  »•  -5,  -§,  (also  inter/.) 
cock-a-doodle-doo. 

Sttnb  (>*),  n.  -H,  -er,  child.   (375^ 

ft  lib  Ud)  (*"),  a<#.  or  aafo.  childlike. 

Stinberftmi  05""),  w.  -(e)g»  _c  **"  -en, 
child-like  mind. 

Ktrd)C  (^«),  ./  -n,  church.  \cf.  Scottish 
kirk]. 

Stirfd)baum  05-),  m.  -e§,  -aume,  cherry- 
tree. 

Sttrfdje  i^^),f.  -n,  cherry. 

fitffen  (°u),  ».  -3,  — ,  cushion,  pillow. 

Stittel  05"),  w.  -§,  — ,  smock-frock. 

Cifcellt  (?"),  ^r.  tickle. 

Clagen  (-w),  tr.  or  intr.  complain. 

jit  la  muter  05"),./  -n,  parenthesis. 

flat  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  clear,  bright. 

SilafFe  (°u),/  -n,  class. 

Clatfd) !  (*),  inter j.  clap ! 

Clatfd)  en  (*»*X  «■*'•  «""  *"■  c^aP-  i"  kic 
§anbe  — ,  clap  the  hands. 

Klaoterfpieler(wz'--w),  »*.-§,—,  pianist. 

Stlecfd  (>s),  w*.  -cS,  -e,  blot. 

Sttefb  (-),  «.  -e§,  -er,  dress;  (//.)  clothes. 
(375.) 

Clciben  (-"),  <!r.  clothe,  dress. 

lUciberlaben  (-w-w),  w*.  -4,  -laben, 
clothes-shop. 

flcfn  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  little,  small,  ftir 
unfere  $leine,  for  our  little  (ones). 

Clettern  (*«),  intr.  \.  climb. 

Stleoe  (-«),  «.  -§,  Cleves. 

St  limn  (-«),  «.  -a'§  <?r  -a,  -ate  or  -ata, 
climate. 

Clug  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  (tliiger,  lltigft), 
knowing,  sagacious,  intelligent. 

ftiiobdKtt  (-«),  n.  -%t  — ,  little  boy. 

Stuabo  (-«),  m.  -n,  -n,  boy. 

Slod)  (*),  m.  -e§,  $oa)e,  cook. 

Cod) en  (iw),  *r.  cook,  boil. 

Si  6  d)  in  (*v),f.  -nen,  (female)  cook. 

ftoblc  (-v),f.  -n,  coal. 

Comnten  (<•«»),  tarn,  gefommen,  intr.  f. 
come,  arrive,  happen,   bittern  — ,  get  into. 

$ompa$  (pafi)  (*«),»».  -e§,  -e,  compass. 

ftontpliment  (w-'5),  «.  -§,  -e,  compli- 
ment. 

fiom(p)totr  («-),  ».  -e3,  -e,  counting- 
house. 


Sic  n  bit  or  la  be  it  (v^v-v),  ,„.  _§/  _  (^ 

-laben'),  confectioner's  shop. 
&ontg  (-w),  «*.  -§,  -e,  king. 
Sfonigtn  (-"v),f.  -nen,  queen. 
Coniglid)  (-««),  *<#.    or  a*fo.  kingly, 

royal. 

ftonfsftfohn   (-sw-),    w.   -e3,  -f»bne, 
king's  son,  prince. 

SnoigSftrafte  (-"-«),    /.  -en,   king's 
Street,  King  Street. 

StonjunCtio  (*»«<)>  «•■  -*.  -«,  conjunctiva 
or  subjunctive  (mode). 

fonneit  (*«X  fonnte,  gefonnt,  /r.  can,  bi 
able,  know. 

Connie  (*«),  ««/.  zW.  ^/"fbnnen. 

Continent  (^^^),m.orn.  -3,  -e,  conti- 
nent. 

Stonjert  («^), «.  -3,  -e,  concert. 

^OPf  (^»  ft.  -eS,  topfe,  head. 

^6pfd)en  (^«),  «.  -§,  — ,  little  head. 

Stopfroeb  (*-),  n.  -e§,-tor-en,  headache. 

Storb  (>5),  m.  -e§,  £brbe,  basket. 

5Uu*bd)eit  (^^),  «.  -§,  — -,  little  basket. 

Corrtgt'(e)rcn  ("u-u),  /r.  correct. 

fofrbar  f*-),  adj.  or  adv.  costly,  precious. 

Co  fie  n  (<*«),  tr.  cost. 

&ourd  (f),  see  J£ur§. 

Souft'tt  (aj  M  French),  m.  -&,  -6,  cousin. 

SUutftnc    (koo-zee'-ne),    f.    -n,     (female) 
cousin. 

Crab  be  lit  (^u),  /«/r.  b.  or  \.  crarrl. 

Crd'd)jen  {**),  intr.  croak. 

St  rage  it  (-^),  m.  -3,  -agen,  throat,  col- 
lar. 

Craben  (-"),  intr.  crow  (like  a  cock). 

Slralle  (<5u),  yi  -n,  claw. 

Cramer  (-"),  w;.  -§,  — ,  shop-keeper. 

CranC  05),  a^'.  or  adv.  (f rtinf  er,  frauf(e)ft), 
ill,  diseased. 

Strattfbeit  (*-),/.  -en,  illness,  sickness. 

Straut  (-),  «.  -e§,  -auter,  herb. 

Stratttd)eit  (-^),  «.  )  -§,  — ,  a  little  herb 

Strdutleitt  (--),  «.   )  or  plant. 

Crcibcroeifj  (-"-),  adj.  as  white  as  chalk. 

ftrcmer  (-w),  w.  -§,  — ,  kreuzer  (small 
coin). 

Cried)cu  (-u),  frod),  gefrod)en,  m^r.  b.  ^r 
f .  creep,  crawl. 

Strteg  (^),  m.  -(e)3,  -e,  war. 

.ftrteg*rat({))  (--),  m.  -e§,  military  coun- 
cil, court-martial ;  councilor  of  war. 


#rone. 


313 


left. 


Orotic  (-"),/.  -n,  crown.  [ey). 

firontbaler  (--w),  m.  -§,  — ,  crown  (mon- 
&rumd)en  (-«),  n.  -g,  — ,  little  crumb, 

morsel. 
Srume  (-v),f.  -n,  crumb. 
SiidK  (°w),/  -n,  kitchen. 
.Hiu1)cn  (-u),  w.  -g,  — ,  cake. 
Sugel  (--),/  -n,  bullet, 
ftub  (*),./:  flube,  cow.  (371.) 
f  iib  I  (-),  «^'.  <w  flsafe.  cool. 
f limine r it  05"),  fr*.  trouble;  refi.  concern 

one's  self,  care.    roag  fiimmert  mid)  bag  ? 

what  do  I  care  for  that  ? 


funbt'g  05"),  adj.  or  adv.  acquainted  with 
(with  gen). 

f  unftltd)  0s"),  adj.  or  adv.  cunning,  inge- 
nious. 

Sunftftiitf  O5*-'),  n.  -(e)g,  -tor -in,  trick. 

furi(e)ren  (--w),  /r.  cure. 

Surd  05),  tn.  -eg,  -e,  rate  of  exchange. 

Curj  (*),  adj.  or  adv.  (fiirjer,  lurj(e)ft), 
curt,  short. 

f  tirjl  id)  (*«*X  a^-  a  short  time  ago. 

Sutfd)C  (**),  /.  -n,  coach,  carriage. 

ftlttfdjer  (*  u),  tn.  -g,  — ,  coachman. 


8- 


ladjelnO5"),  «»**.  smile. 

lad)Cii  O5'-'),  intr.  generally  with  auf-, 
rarely  with  gen.  laugh. 

laben  (-"),  lub,  gelaben,  tr.  load ;  charge, 
load  (a  gun). 

Safceu  (-«),  tn.  -g,  —  or  £aben,  shop. 

fiabenbeft'ber  (**«««),  w*.  -§,  — ,  shop- 
keeper. 

fiatmng  (-w),/  -en,  charge. 

fiage  (-v),/.  -«i  situation. 

gamut  (*),  «.  -eg,  Sammer,  lamb.    (375.) 

I'autmdten  05"),  «.  -§,  — ,  lambkin, 
young  lamb. 

SampdKit  05"),  «.  -§,  — ,  little  lamp. 

2an&  (fi,  n.  -eg,  -e  <?r  Sanber,  land, 
country;  country  (as  distinguished  from 
city),  auf  bag  —  geben,  go  into  the 
country.    (375.) 

SJanfcbauS  (*-X  «•  -*•#  -baufer,  country- 
house. 

San tm aim  (<*«),  w.  -eg,  -leute,  country- 
man. 

Sanfereife  (?-v)>f.  -n,  journey  by  land. 
£anbs  unb  (Scereifeu,  travels  and  voy- 
ages. 

lat\g  (fit  a4J-  or  adv-  (longer,  Ifingft), 
long. 

lange  05"),  adv.  long,  nod)  — ,  for  a  long 
time  yet.  fd)on  — ,  long  ago,  for  a  long 
while. 

laiifljahrtg  (*-»*),  adj.  for  many  years. 

langfam  (*-),  adj.  or  adv.  slow(ly). 

fiangroctle  (*-"),      \f.  -n,  tediousness, 

i'amienmle  (ww-w),  )  ennui. 

langroctlen  (^-w),  refi.  grow  weary. 


(angmetltg  05-"),  adj.  or  adv.  tedious. 

laffen  (*"),  Uefj,  gelafjen,  *r.  leave,  let ; 
often,  when  used  with  ittfin.,  cause, 
make,  effect,  bring  about;  as,  mad)en — , 
have  (get)  made,  bolen  — ,  send  for. 
in  imper.  let ;  as,  lafjt  ung  ge&en,  let 
us  go.     —  ©ie  nur  !  never  mind ! 

£aft  (?),/.  -en,  load,  burden. 

ftaftiqfeit  (fv-),f.  burdensomeness,  trou- 
blesomeness. 

latetntfd)  (w-v),  adj.  or  adv.  Latin. 

t'aube  (-"),/.  -n,  arbor. 

fiauf  (-),  tn.  -eg,  £aufe,  course. 

laufen  (-«).  lief,  gelaufen,  intr.  f.  or  &. 
run. 

laut  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  loud,  aloud. 

I  a  lite  n  (-"),  intr.  ring. 

leben(-u),  intr.  live.  lebe  roobl!  good- 
bye !  farewell ! 

8eben  (■*«),  «.  -g,  — ,  life. 

Section,  see  Cettion. 

fiefcer  (-u),  n.  -g,  — ,  leather. 

lebertt  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  leathern,  of 
leather. 

£efcerfd)iirje  (-wv/vj),  f.  -n,  leather- 
apron. 

legen  (-"),  tr.  lay,  put,  place;  fasten. 

lebrcit  (.-w),  tr.  teach,  instruct. 

iiebrer  (-w),  »z.  -g,  — ,  teacher,  instructor. 

fietb  (-),  tn.  -eg,  -er,  life,  body,  einem 
ju  Setbe  riicfen,  attack  one.  (374.) 

letd)t  (*),  adj.  or  adv.  light,  easy. 

Iet&  (-),  adj.  used  predicatively,  dis- 
agreeable, eg  tbut  tttir  febr  — ,  I  am 
very  sorry.    e§  ift  mir  —  g  era  orb  en,  I 


geifc. 


314 


l"f% 


have  come  to  regret  it  or  I  have  changed 
my  mind. 

fieifc  (-),  n.  -e3  (no pi.),  harm,  einem  tU 
U»a5  ju  — c  tbun,  do  one  harm,  hurt  or 
wrong  one. 

leifcen  (-«),  Htt,  gelttten,  tr.  or  intr. 
suffer.    —  an  (with  dat.),  surfer  from. 

Ictneii  (-«),  lieb,  geltehen,  tr.  lend. 

SJethbtbltothcf  (<*<-*»•  -),/-en,  circulating 
Ubrary. 

£etnn>anb  (-SJ),f  linen. 

letfe  (-"),  #<#•  07"  o^.  soft,  slow,  imper- 
ceptible. 

ktfteii  (-«),  *r.  perform,  golge  — ,  fol- 
low, comply  with,  obey. 

Icttcn  (-«),  ^r.  lead,  guide,  conduct,  di- 
rect, manage. 

£  iter  (-"),/  -n,  ladder. 

gei.ton  (ytss  (y)-),f.  -en,  lesson. 

£en$  (**),  w.  -e§,  -e,  spring. 

£crcbe  (v5w),/  -en,  lark. 

lerucn  05"),  /r.  <?r  intr.  learn. 

fiefebud)  (-«-),  «•  -e§,  -bucber,  reading- 
book. 

lefen  (-«),  Ia§,  gelefen,  *•.  read. 

£efen  (-w),  «.  -*  (no.  pi.),  reading. 

lc^t  (*),  a*#.  <?r  o*ft>.  last,  latter,  latest. 

2e$t  (*),  y".  («<?  /*/.),  7«^</  generally  in- 
stead of  S.e$t,  end.  ju  guter  — ,  finally, 
as  a  good  conclusion. 

Sciicbter  (-"),  m.  -%,  — ,  candle-stick. 

SJeiltc  (-v),pl.  often  used  in  compounds 
instead  the  pi.  of  3Jtamt. 

fieofoje  (pron.as  ifLefkd'je),f.  -n,  stock 
(a  plant) . 

£id)t  C*)j  "•  -e§/  _cr  or-z,  light,  candle. 
(375.) 

lieb  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  dear. 

Iteben  (-«)  tr.  love,  like,  be  fond  of. 

lteben$rourbtg  (*«*«*«*)  adj.  amiable. 

Iteber  (-w),  comp.  oftitb. 

ltcbcr  (-v),  adv.  rather. 

£tcbf  ofuug  (--"),/,  -en,  caressing,  fond- 
ling. 

Hcblid)  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  charming, 
agreeable. 

Itebfl  (-),  sup.  of  lieb,  dearest,  as  noun, 
best  beloved,  dearest  one,  sweetheart. 

gieb  (-),  n.  -e3,  -er,  song.  (375.) 


(tefern  (-"),  tr.  deliver,  furnish. 

lichen  (-w),  lag,  gelegen,  intr.  b.  some, 
times  \.  lie  ;  with  an  before  an  object, 
and  an  indirect  pers.  object  in  the  dat. , 
be  of  consequence ;  as,  e§  liegt  ibm  ciel 
baran,  or  e§  Itegt  ibm  baran,  it  is  of 
much  importance  to  him,  he  is  intent  or 
anxious.    —  laffen,  leave  (behind). 

fitlie  (-(-)-),/  -»,  lily. 

linl  if),  adj.  or  adv.  left  (hand). 

lint  •  if),  adv.  to  the  left.  —  unb  red)t3, 
right  and  left. 

£>f*  f)>f  _e"»  craft,  cunning. 

Sob  (*),  n.  -e§  (no  pi.),  praise. 

Sod)  («),  n.  -H,  Cbcber,  hole.  (375.) 

locfen  (*«),  tr.  or  intr.  entice,  allure,  de- 
coy. 

Socomutto,  see  Sofomotine. 

fipffel  (v5u),  m.  -%,  — ,  spoon. 

lobnen  (•*«*),  tr.  reward. 

fiotomottne  ( -v»),  f  -n,  locomo- 
tive. 

Sonfcon  (tv),  n.  -§,  London. 

lout1  oner  (*«*w),  adj.  London,  of  Lon- 
don.  (230,  1.) 

£orclci    i  (-u-  or  -v-),f  indecl.  Lore- 

fiorelet)  ;  lei,  Loreley,  Lurley  (a  fabled 
nymph). 

\oi  (-),  adj.  or  adv.,  used predicatively , 
loose ;  with  fein  or  roerben  gover?ung 
accus.  rid  of.  roa§  ift  —  ?  what  is  the 
matter? 

lodgeben  (--"),  -gtng,  -gegangen,  intr. 
f.  go  furiously,  rush. 

loSlaffru  (-""),  -Iie§,  -gelaffen,  tr.  let 
loose,  let  go. 

lo3fd)lagen  (-«),  -fdjlug,  -gefcblagen,  tr. 
strike,  loosen  by  striking. 

Some  (-"),  m.  -n,  -n,  lion. 

Sufctntg  (-w),  m.  -§,  Lewis,  Louis. 

£uft  0s),  /  Siifte,  air,  breeze.   (371.) 

fiuife  (--v),f  -n§,  Louise,  Louisa. 

gutfenftrafce  (--w-w),  /  -n,  Louisa 
Street. 

guft  (*),  f.  Siifte,  pleasure.  —  b,aben, 
have  a  mind.   (371.) 

lufttq  (,5u),  «<#.  <^*  «</»•  merry,  fid)  — 
mad)en  iiber,  make  fun  of. 


matfjett. 


315 


mifefaflen. 


Wt. 


madyen  O5"),  tr.  make,  give  (pleasure), 
pay  (a  visit),  do.  etnen  ©paaiergang, 
©pajierritt,  eine  ©pajierfabrt  — ,  take  a 
walk,  ride  (on  horseback),  drive  (in  a 
carriage).     —  lafjen,  have  made. 

mad) ttii  O5"),  adj.  or  adv.  mighty ;  with 
gen.  master  of. 

«SJldbd)cn  (•*«),  n.  -8,  — ,  maiden,  girl. 

SBfcagfc  (-),  /•  9D?agbe,  maid  -  servant. 
(371.) 

SfJiagen  (-«),  m.  -§,  —  or  sJJtagen, 
stomach. 

Sftahagont  (u---),  n.  -§,  mahogany. 

9tafel|*it  (--).  /  -en,  meal-time,  repast. 

95la'(b)rd)cn  (■c«),  n.  -#,  — ,  story,  tale, 
legend. 

SBfcai  (*),  ««.  -e§,  -e  or  -en,  May. 

3Jlaibliimd)en  (--u),  «.  -#,  — ,  lily  of 
the  valley. 

SfJtcijeftdt  (-yv-),f.  -en,  majesty,  Ma- 
jesty. 

SDfcal  (-),  n.  -e8,  -e,  time. 

stttal  (-),  z^ry  often  in  compounds  =  times ; 
as,  Jineimal,  two  times,  twice,  etc. 

maien  (-«),  tr.  paint. 

•Staler  (-"),  ?«.  -§,  — ,  painter. 

Btaut(at)a  (*-  ^  w-),  /  -en,  mamma. 

man  (?),  indef.  pron.  one,  they. 

ntand)  05),  z«<&/!  /r^«.  .«'«£-.  (mancber, 
manage,  mand)e§),  many  a;  //.  many. 
mand>e§,  many  a  thing. 

maudmtal  {•&-),  adv.  sometimes. 

Btattfctl  C*V)»^  -n,  almond. 

SOlangel  (•**),  m.  -%,  3JiangeI,  want,  pov- 
erty.   au%  —  an,  for  want  of. 

tttangetn  f*»*X  intr.  with  an,  be  wanting; 
tr.  be  in  want  of.   (347). 

Blontt  (?,  a*.  -e§,  banner,  man,  hus- 
band.  (374.) 

WtauHl  (*«),  ■"•  "§/  aJlantel,  cloak.  (367.) 

?0larie  (u-),  /.  -n§,  Mary. 

SBfcarft  0s),  m.  -eg,  3Mrfte,  market. 

3»arftfiraf?e  0s-"),  /  -en,  Market- 
Street. 

SDfcarfd)  0s),  m.  -e§,  Warfdje,  march. 

Wt'<xx\  (?  m.  -e§,  -e,  March. 

9Jlafd)ine  (^ -"),/.  -n.  machine. 

%Ra%  (-),  «•  -e§,  -e,  measure. 

SOlaffe  0s"),  £  -n,  mass. 


%Xaft  0s),  m.  -e§,  -en,  mast  (of  a  ship). 

(370.) 
WtaUtial  ( — (w)-),  «.-§,-ien,  material. 
SSJtauer  (-«),/  -n,  wall. 
Wlaui  0s),/.  9tfi8$e,  mouse.   (371.) 
iXJtdudlcin  (--),  ».  -8,  — ,  little  mouse. 
3Btauthbeamtcr  (-uuu),  w*.  -ten,  -ten, 

custom-house  officer. 
SSJtar  0s),  w.  -en3,  Max. 
SSJteer  (-),  n.  -e§,  -e,  sea,  ocean. 
mehr  (-),  adj.  or  adv.   more.     nid)t  — , 

not  any  more,  no  longer.    (198  ) 
mehrere  (-uw),  pi.  ofmefyv,  several. 
SKeilc  (-«),/  -n,  mile. 
i.  metn  (?),poss.  «^-.  (mein,  meine,  metn), 

my,  mine.   (53 ) 
2.  metn  or  me  in  or  (-,  -«),  gen.  of  id). 
metnen  (-«),   tr.  or  intr.  think, 
mcinetbalben  (-wuw),     )    «<&>.  on  my 
metnettocgen    (-w-w),      [•     account  or 
meinertotllen  (-wuw),      *       behalf, 
m  c  i  it  i  g  (-  u) ,  always  preceded  by  def  art., 

poss.  pron.  mine.   (185.) 
SEJteinung  (-"),f  -en,  opinion. 
SSJteffter  (-«),  m.  -§,  — ,  master,  leader. 
SBfcelobt'e  (u--),  /  -n,  melody, 
mengen  0s"),  tr.  mingle,    ftd)  in  ettoaS 

— ,  meddle. 
SSJlenfd)  ?),  m.  -e§,  -en,  man.   (377.) 
9Q£enfd)l)anb    05"),  f    -banbe,   human 

hand, 
merfen  (**»)j  rtr.  mark,  perceive,  notice. 
SWeffer  0s"),  «.  -§,  — ,  knife. 
SSJle^ger  (***),«».  -3,  — ,  butcher, 
mid)  05),  «£•<:.  ^/"icf)/  me,  myself. 
9Qfctet(h)e  (•«"),/  -n,  rent. 
miet(h)en  (4u),  ^r.  hire. 
SSJlild)  ("i),/.  (no. pi.),  milk. 
mt(b(e)  (*("),  «^'.  or  adv.  mild(ly). 
Million  ("(^)-),/  -en,  million. 
SOlinifler  (-^u),  »«.  -^,  — ,  minister. 
SSJlinute  (--"),/  -n,  minute. 
SDlinutenieiger   (--w-u),    »«.   ~t,    — , 

minute-hand, 
mtr  (-),  dat.  of.  id),  to  me.    non  — ,  of 

mine. 
mtfd)ett  ('*«'),  tr.  mix.    fid)  in  et:ya§  — , 

meddle  with  something. 
mfffaOcn  (^^^  ^r  ^^«),  -fiel,  -gefalten, 


mtgltngen. 


316 


Ottufce. 


imp.  disKke.  e8  mifcfaUt  tttir,  I  dislike 
it. 

miftlingen  (u<5«  or  *«"^  imp.  f.  mis- 
carry.     e8  mtfjlingt  mir,  I  fail. 

mifttraueit  (u-u  w  <*-«),  z'«/r.  mistrust, 
distrust. 

lit  it  (*),  «*&>.  #«*/  sep'ble  prefix,  along, 
along  with  (something  or  somebody),  in 
conjunction  or  company ;  prep,  with  dat. 
with,  along  with,  by,  to.   (315.) 

mitbringen  (*»"*),  -bradE>te,-gebrad)t,  tr. 
bring  (with  one). 

tnitfahren  05-"),  -fuljr,  -gefabren,  Mr. 
f.  travel  along  (with  somebody). 

mitgcljcn^-"), -fling, -gcgangcn,  ?«*r.  f. 
go  along  (with  one),  join  one's  company. 

SQRitgefell  (<iww),  m.  -en,  -en,  compan- 
ion. 

ntitbin  (u,s),  aafo.  consequently. 

mttfommen  6*"VX  -fam,  -getommen, 
/«^r.  f.  come  along  (with  one). 

mituehmen  (*-wX  -nabm,  -genommen, 
/r.  take  along  (with  one). 

SOfcitfd>uler  (*-"),  m.  -3,  — ,  fellow-pupil. 

SDt  ittag  05"  or*-),  m.  -e8,  -e,  noon,  ju 
—  effen,  to  dine. 

SflfcittagSeffen  (*w»ir#-i»«^ft  -§.  — , 
dinner. 

SDftittel  (*v),  «.  -§,  — ,  means. 

mittclS  05"),   \Prep.  with  gen.  by  means 

mittclfie-),  J        of.  (317.) 

2DIitternad)t  O5"^),  /  -nacbte,  mid- 
night. (371.) 

2D*itternad)t3ftunbe  (^wvw),  y.  _n, 
midnight  hour. 

mitt(h)cilctl  (v5-u),  fr-.  inform,  communi- 
cate. 

SOftittrood)  (tv),  m.  -8,  -e,  Wednesday. 

SBt&bel  (*«),  n.  (/.)  -<«),  m  //.  furni- 
ture. 

moditc  (*«),  i7nperf.  indie.  <?/"  tttogen. 

mogeil  (-"),  *«^r.  ortr.  modal  auxiliary , 
may,  might,  can,  like,  choose,  care,  de- 
sire,    id)  mb<$te  (gem),  I  should  like. 

mftglidi  (-«),  adj.  or  adv.  possible. 

SOtonardi  (vxi),  m.  -en,  -en,  monarch. 

SOfconat  (-"),  m.  -8,  -e,  month. 

39? on b  (-),  m.  -e8  or  -en,  -e  <?r  -en, 
moon.   (369.) 


SOfcoitbenfd)ein  (-«-),  w*.  -e8,  -e,  moon- 
shine. 

SOZontag  (-*  or  --),  w*.  -8,  -e,  Monday. 

SDfcooS  (-),  n.  -e§,  -e,  moss. 

SOfcorgen  (^w),  *«.  -8,  — ,  morning,   beute 
— ,  this  morning. 

morgen  (*^),adv.  to-morrow. 

morgenb  (°w),  adv.,  to-morrow,  of  to- 
morrow. 

morgend    (?"),    adverbial  gen.    in    the 
morning. 

morgig  (•*»),  adj.  of  to-morrow,  to-mor- 
row's. 

miibc  (-«),  a<#.  or  adv.  tired. 

SOt ii fie  (-«),  -n,  toil,  labor,    pains,     fid) 
rnel  —  gebeu,  take  great  pains. 

SOfciihlrab  (-wtfr--), «. -e8, -raber,  mill- 
wheel. 

multiph'dren  (« — -«),  belter)  tr.  mul- 

multipli{i(e)ren  (w — -«),        J   tiply. 
—  mit,  multiply  by. 

SDR unb  0s),  ws.  -e8,  -e  ^r  2Mnbe  <?r  3JUins 
ber,  mouth. 

tnuub(id)  (v5u),  adj.  or  adv.  oral,  verbal. 

munter  O5"),  «<#.  <?r  «^.  lively,  spright- 
ly, brisk. 

murrcii  (,5w),  z«/r.  grumble. 

SOlufcum  (-■'"),  n.  -3,  SKufeen,  museum. 

SDftuftf  (--  or-"), /.  -en,  music. 

muftfatifd)  (--■£w),  adj.  or  adv.  music- 
al(ly). 

SOtufifant  (--*),  m.  -en,  -en,  musician. 

SDtufTfer  (-uu),  -§,  — ,  musician. 

SOlufiflehrer  (---"),  *«.  -8,  — ,  music- 
teacher. 

SDlufifunterrid)t  (-Zwuv0,  *«.  -8,  music- 
lessons. 

SDtujttu*  (-««),  w.  — ,  pi.  SKufict,  mu- 
sician. 

miiffeil  (v5u),  r>.,  modal  auxiliary,  must, 
be  obliged. 

miifHg  (-")>  adj.  or  adv.  idle. 

SOtiiftiggd'nger  (-wwv),  *«.  -8,  — ,  idler. 

SDfcufrerinfc  (•*»»*)»  w.  -e8,  -fafce,  model 
or  normal  sentence. 

SDlnt(l))  (-),  m.  -e8  {no  pi.),  mood,  dispo- 
sition; courage. 

SOtuttcr  t*v)i/'  Gutter,  mother.  (123, 3.) 

SOtii^e^"),/.  -u,  cap. 


raid). 


317 


niefccrftfjaucit. 


»• 


nod)  (-),  Prep,  with  dat.  after,  behind; 
according  to ;  for ;  by,  at ;  to,  toward. 

9lad)bar  (*-),  m.  -%  or  -n,  -n,  neigh- 
bor.  (368.)  / 

Stadybavin  05-"),  /  -nen,  (female) 
neighbor. 

9?ad)barfd)aft  C*-v),/-ett/  neighbor- 
hood. 

nadifcem  (--),  con/,  after. 

ttad)fo(geit  (£YV),  intr.  f.  with  dat.  follow. 

nad)bcr  (--  or--),  adv.  afterwards. 

n  a  di  1  o  ff i  gjr  v  u),  adj.  or  adv.  careless(ly). 

naddaufett  (--«),  -lief,  -gelaufen,  intr. 
f .  {with  dat.)  run  after. 

nad)lcfcn  (--w)>  *»&*•  <""  tr.  follow  in 
reading. 

Otacbntittag  (-wu  or  -«-),  w.  -§,  -c, 
afternoon. 

nadjmittagd  (*«"*  or  -«-),  «<&.  in  the 
afternoon. 

Stadyvidyt  (-«),/  -en,  news. 

nadifeben  (--w),  -fafj,  -gefe&en,  Artr. 
look,  see. 

nfid)fr  (-),  superl.  of  na&e,  adj.  next; 
/r<?/.  wzVA  dat.  next  to. 

nad) (telle n  (-uv/),  intr.  with  dat.  lay 
snares  for,  hunt  after. 

9tad)t  (*),/.  Stfic&te,  night.  (371 ) 

9£ad)tigall  05  ""),/.  -en,  nightingale. 

9?ad)ttfd)  (■Cw),  m.  -e§,  -e,  dessert. 

nagcii  (-w),  z»^r.  gnaw,  nibble. 

nab(e)  (- W,  «<#.  «>#/*  ak/.  (na&er,  nac&ft), 
nigh,  near. 

ttabeii  (-"),  intr.  with  dat.  approach. 

naber  (--),  comp.  of  nafye,  nearer. 

tta'bertt  (-"),  tr.  bring  nearer.  fidf>  — ,  ap- 
proach. 

9£dbtttafd)fne  (-"-"),  ./•  -n,  sewing-ma- 
chine. 

9i  aiming  (-v),  f.  -en,  food. 

Sfcame  (>«),  w.  -n§,  -n, 

9?  a  in  en  (-«),  w.  -§,  — , 

namentltd)  (-vv),  «<#'•  by  name;  adv. 
particularly. 

namlid)  (***%  adv.  namely,  viz. 

9*  afe  (-u),  /  -ii,  nose. 

nafi  (")>  adf.  or  adv.  (naffer,  naffeft),  wet. 

9taffe  6s"),  ./I  (no  pi.)  wetness,  humidity, 

moisture. 


9*atur  (--),/  -en,  nature. 

9?aturgefd)td)te  (--^w),/  -tt,  natural 
history. 

itatiirltd)  (--w),  adj.  or  adv.  natural(ly), 
as  a  matter  of  course. 

n e ben  (-w),  tfafo.  beside;  /r*/».  wzV/z  dat. 
or  ace.  beside,  near,  at.    (316.) 

9Zebenfal$  (-uv),  m.  -e§,  -fa§e,  subordi- 
nate sentence. 

liebft  (-),  prep,  with  dat.  together  with. 

9?effe  (*»*X  "*•  -"/  _n/  nephew. 

neb  men  (-«),  naljm,  genommen,  tr.  take. 

9Jetge  (-"),  _/!  -n,  point  where  a  thing  be- 
gins to  decline  or  slope,  inclination,  auf 
bie  —  ge&en,  decline,  wane,  give  out. 

net  gen  (■*"),  tr.  incline,  bow. 

nein  (-),  adv.  no. 

«Relf  e  (^),  / -n,  pink. 

nennenO5"),  nannte,  genannt,  tr.  name. 
call. 

9*eft  (>*),  n.  -e§,  -er,  nest.  (375.) 

9*eftd)en  (^v),  «.  -4,  — ,  little  nest. 

lieu  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  new. 

neuer  (-u),  comp.  of  neu,  modern,  bie 
— e  Spradje,  the  modern  language. 

9teugterfce  (--w), ,/  -n,  curiosity,  inquisi- 
tiveness. 

tteugtertg  (--u),  aa^\  curious,  inquisitive. 

neulid)  (-"),  «<&/.  newly;  recently,  the 
other  day. 

neun  (-),  num.  nine. 

ncunt  (•*),  ber.  neunte,  etc.,  num.  adj. 
ninth. 

neunjebn  (--),  num.  nineteen. 

neunjcbnt(--),  num.  adj.  nineteenth. 

neu  ting  (-«),  num.  ninety. 

neunjfgftG^),  ber  neunjigfte,  etc.,  num. 
adj.  ninetieth. 

ntd)t  (t),  adv.  not.  —  toa&r?  is  it  not  so? 

9ttd)te  (?"),f.  -n,  niece. 

uirbtd  (*),  ,'fidef.  pron.  indecl.  (sometimes 
written  with  capital  initial),  nothing. 

Htd)t3fceft0tt>etitger  (***--«*»),  adv.  nev- 
ertheless. 

9?id)t*tbun  (?-),  n.  -§,  inaction. 

ntdfen  (^«),  intr.  nod;  doze. 

nte  (-).  adv.  never. 

nteberfdiauen  (-«-«),  intr.  look  down, 
gaze  downward 


niebertoerfen. 


318 


$affibum. 


niefcertoerfen  (-www),  tr.  throw  down. 

nteMtd)  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  pretty,  nice. 

ntefcrtg  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  low. 

nicmalS  (--),  adv.  never. 

9?  tent  an  fc  (-u),  indef.  pr.  no  one.  —  ans 
ber(e)<J,  no  one  else. 

minuter  ("•«),  adv.  never. 

mmmerinelir  (*W,*X  ^^  nevermore. 

ttippen  05"),  Mrfr.  <?Wr.  sip. 

i.  nod)  (*),  aafc'.  still,  as  yet,  yet.  —  nid)t, 
not  yet.  —  ein,  one  more,  another  (of 
the  same  kind).  —  etnmal,  once  more. 
—  tmmer,  still. 

2.  nod)  05),  conj.  after  a  neg.  word,  espe- 
cially roeber,  nor. 

SJlorfeen  05"),  m.  -3,  north. 

norMtd)  (*v),  adj.  or  adv.  northerly. 


nor(h)tg  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  necessary. 

not(b)iiien  (-uw),  tr.  necessitate,  compel, 
force. 

not(b)roenbig  (-""),  adj.  or  adv.  neces- 
sary. 

Sfcooembcr  (-v^^),  m,  _§,  November. 

nun  (-),  adv.  now,  at  present,  at  this  time ; 
as  things  are,  under  present  circum- 
stances ;  as  exclamation,  well. 

nur  (-),  adv.  only,  possibly. 

SKufl  0*),  /  Sfiffe,  nut.  (371.) 

SRnjjbaum  ("*-),  m.  -e3,  -baume,  nut- 
tree. 

9Ju$en  (*«),  m.  -3  (//.  rare),  use. 

nti$eu  (&»),  tr.  put  to  use. 

nil?  I  id)  (^u),  «<#.  or  o^z/.  with  dat.  use- 
ful. 


©. 


0  (-),  interj.  oh,  0. 
ob  05),  cow/,  whether,  if.    al3  — ,  as  if. 
Cbbad)  (*«»X  »•  -e3,-bad)er,  shelter.  (375.) 
oben  (-u),  ^/f.  above.    —  brauf,  on  top 

of  it  (him). 
O  be  vim  lb  (-uv),  adv.  or  frep.  above. 
obgle  id)  (w-),  conj.  although. 
obtg  (-u),  adj.  foregoing,  above. 
obfd)Ott  («-),  conj.  although. 
Obft  (-).  n.  -e3  {no  pi.),  fruit. 
Od)f(e)  (bksse),  m.  -en,  -en,  ox. 
October,  see  Cftober. 
ofcer  (-w),  co«/.  or. 
offen  i^^),  adj.  open. 
bffentl id)  (*vv),  «^/'-  or  adv.  public. 
OfftCter  (y-tssi'r),  better  \  m.  -3,  -e,  offi- 
Offiuer  ("-tssi'r),  )         cer. 

offnen  (*u),  *r.  open. 
Cffnung  {**»),  /•  _e"/  opening,  hole. 
Oft  (^X  ^&-  Often,     fo  —  al3,  whenever. 


&fter  (<**»)j  a^fo.  more  often. 

ohne  (~^),  prep,  with  ace.  without. 

Obr  (-),  n.  -e3,  -en,  ear.    (370,  2.) 

October  (w-"),  w.  -3,  October. 

Onfel  (»*»),  w.  -§,  — ,  uncle. 

©per  (-w),/.  -n,  opera. 

Orange  {o-rdhn-zhe),  f.  -tt,  orange. 

orbentltd)  (,5uu),  ^ofr.  right  well. 

Organ  ("-),  n.  -3,  -e,  organ. 

Oft  (^),  m.  or  n.  -e3,  -C  sometitnes  Dtter, 
place,  spot,  region. 

Often  05"),  m.  -3,  east. 

Ofrern  (-«),  //.  o/Dfter,  -3,  Easter. 

Oft(er)retd)  (*(<")-&  «.  -»,  Austria. 

6ft(er)reid)er  (-(u)-w),  »*•  -«.  -Aus- 
trian. 

oft(er)retd)tfd)  (-^M-"),  <*#.  Austrian. 

6  ft  ltd)  0*°),  o*#.  ^r  adv.  easterly,  ori- 
ental. 

Ofhotnb  O5"),  m.  -e3,  -e,  east-wind. 


V. 


tyaav  (*),  «.  -c8,  -e,  pair,  ein  —  (or 
paar),  a  couple,  two  or  three,  a  few. 

pacfen  (<iw),  tr.  pack,  seize,  grasp. 

^Jalafl  (^4  or**),  m.  -3,  -afte,  palace. 

Valine  (»*«),  /  -n,  palm-tree,  palm. 

^antoffel  (^«),  »*•  -8,  —  or-n,  slipper. 

^Japa  («-),  *«.  -3,  -3,  papa. 

Vapagei  (ww-),  w.  -e§  or  -en,  -en, 
parrot. 


papier  (^-),  n.  -§,  -e,  paper. 
Varentbefe  (""-"),/■  -n,  parenthesis. 
Vartfer  (u-w),  m.  -§,  — ,  Pa-isian. 
partfer  (y-v),  adj.,  indecl,  Parisian. 
Varf  C5),  w.  -e§,  -e,  park. 
Vartte  (?-),/■  n.  party,  game. 
paffen  (-5w),  intr.  fit,  suit.(w//A dat.).  (345.) 
Vafftoum  (w-z'w),  «.  -3,  spaffioa,  passive 
(voice). 


tfelj. 


319 


Cuefle. 


SJJdj  O5),  m.  -C§,  -C,  pelt,  fur. 

«Poltjetamt  (w--w),   «.   -(e)3,   -atnter, 

tyt\\i\Q\\at(p'dn-zi-o-nat'),n.-l%,  -e,  board- 

police-office. 

ing-school. 

^olijcictener  (u---u),  »*.  -§,— ,  police- 

^Jerlc (**),  /•  -n,  pearl. 

man. 

^Jerfcr  ("*«),  m.  -3,  — ,  Persian. 

Vunt)  (*«»),  »*.  -§,//.  $onie§,  <w  /»  -£■»£•- 

sperfon  (?-),/•  -en,  person. 

/«£,  pony. 

$J5e$  0^),  **•  _e§,  _e,  bear,  bruin. 

portrait,  better                           \  -(e)3, 
SPortrdt  (/r.  as  in  Fr.  pore-trayr),  >  -§  or 

Vfeffer  05").  **•  ~*«  pepper. 

Vfenittg  (*v),  *».  -i,  -e,  penny. 

-e,  portrait. 

Vfcrb  (-),  n.  -e§,  -c,  horse,    ju  — ,  on 

$)oft  (*),/.  -en,  post-office. 

horseback. 

^oftamt  O5^),  n.  -(e)§,   -atnter,    post- 

$>fer6ehdnbler  (-uwu),  m.  -§,  — ,  horse- 

office. 

dealer. 

^) often  (•«),  m.  -§,  — ,  item. 

pfhin?cn  (*VX  *r-  plant. 

pr iid) tit)  («iw),  ok#.  or  adv.  splendid(ly), 

spfiicbto5),/  -e«/  duty- 

magnificent(ly). 

pfUicfcn  (**»),  tr.  pluck,  pick. 

pracbtooll  0s/"),  adj.  splendid. 

Plliiqcn  (-«),  z'«/r.  *r<r.  plough. 

^JrahlhanS  (--),  m.  -en§,  -en  or  -banfe, 

Vfuufc  05),  n.  -*§,  -e,  pound. 

braggart. 

Photograph   (/-«-/),   «•    -en,  -en, 

sjJrdpofitton ( — "***("}  *)>/■  -en,  prepo- 

photographer. 

sition. 

photographi(e)ren  (/-««/-«),  <r.  pho- 

prdfenti(e)ren (-w-u),  tr.  present;  in- 

tograph,  fid)  —  lafjen,  have  one's  pho- 

troduce. 

tograph  taken. 

Vrei*  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  price. 

«Phrafe  {/*  «*),  /  -n,  phrase. 

SPreufje  (-w),  m.  -n,  -n,  Prussian. 

^hnfif    (generally  /--,  more  correctly 

spreufcen  (**>),  n.  -§,  Prussia.   (233.) 

/-"),/■  (no pi.),  physics. 

preufttfch  (■*■»),  adj.  Prussian.    (233.) 

^Jtanofptekr  (u---w),  m.  -§,  — ,  pian- 

Vrtnj 05),  m.  -en,  -en,  prince.  (377.) 

ist. 

sVrtn$cMiii  ("*")>/•  -nen,  princess. 

pttfen  (*«),  «rfr,  or  *r.  pick. 

$>robe  (-v),f.  -n,  proof,  sample. 

Wifiole  («-«),/  -n,  pistol. 

probt(e)ren  (--u),  *r.  prove,  try;  taste. 

931an  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e  #r  $lane,  plan. 

^ronomen  (--"),  n.  -3,   -mina,  pro- 

9Ha$ (*),  ?«.  -e§,  spiafce,  place,  square, 

noun. 

seat. 

prophet  («/-),  z«.  -en,  -en,  prophet. 

blunter  (*«),  w.  -§  (no  pi.),  trash,  rub- 

$>roteftant (-u,s),  *«.  -en,  -en,  Protest- 

bish. 

ant. 

plural  (--,  sometimes  --),  -§,  — ,  plu- 

priifcn (-«),  tr.  prove,  examine. 

ral. 

%\\\\l t  (t),  m.  -§,  -e,  point.    —  ein  Ubr, 

pluS  (<*),  adv.  plus. 

exactly  at  one  o'clock. 

^MuSquampei  tectum,  better      )  n.  -§>, 

piinft(id)  (^u),  adj.  or  adv.  punctual. 

^Juppe  (•«),  /  -n,  puppet,  doll. 

pluperfect  (tense). 

purpurfarbtg  (*wwv),  adj.   purple-col- 

$>0bagra (---),  n.  -i  or  indecl.  (no  pi.) 

ored. 

gout. 

pufjett    (,5u),  tr.   adorn,     fid)  — ,    plume 

^olijei  («-■*),  /  (no  pi.)  police. 

one's  self  (of  birds). 

€W 


quafen  (-«),  intr.  quack  (of  geese,  etc), 

croak  (of  frogs). 
qutiten  (-w),  tr.  torment,  importune,  teaze, 

plague. 


Qiiaittttat  (ww^<7r>5«-),  /.  -en,  quan- 
tity. 

Quelt  05),  m.  -e§,  -e, )  .. 

Cuene(^),/-n.      }«P™&^. 


Mabt. 


320 


rufen. 


M. 


Wabe  (-w),  m.  -n,  -n,  raven. 

rdd)Cii  O5"),  /r.  revenge,  fid)  — ,  revenge 
one's  self,  ftdj  an  etnem  radjen,  take 
vengeance  on  somebody. 

WabteS  (--),  m.  -e§,  -e,  radish. 

WabteSdjen  (--«),  «.  -3,  — ,  little  radish. 

Wanb  05),  »*.  -e§,  SRdnber,  eJge,  rim.  (374). 

rafd)  05),  adj.  or  adv.  rash,  impetuous, 
rapid. 

Wat(b)  (-),  w.  -e§,  //.  9lat(6)fc&lage,  ad- 
vice. 

rat(b)en  (-«),  riet(&),  gerat(b,)en,  jfr.  ad- 
vise (one,  dat.). 

War(b)fel  (-"),  «•  -»,  —  riddle. 

raubcn  (-u),  *r,  rob. 

Wduber  (*»»),  w.  -§,  — ,  robber. 

Waud)  (-),  w.  -e§,  smoke. 

raucben  (-u),  /r.  or  imtr.  smoke. 

randjig  (-«),  «*#".  or  adv.  smoky. 

Waud)rimmer  (-  '*»),  n.  -4,  — ,  smoking- 
room. 

raub  (-)>  adj.  or  adv.  rough,  rude,  raw. 

Waupe  {-^\f.  -n,  caterpillar. 

Waupenet  (-w-),  n.  -e§,  -er,  caterpillar's 
egg. 

raufcben  (-w),  «d!r.  6.  <^-  f.  move  with  a 
noise  like  rushing  water,  rustle. 

Wedimtng  {***),/.  -en,  reckoning,  cal- 
culation, sum,  bill,  account. 

rcd)t  05),  «<#.  or  adv.  right,  really,  prop- 
erly, very.    —  fiaben,  be  in  the  right. 

rcd)t$  C^i  adv-  to  the  right  (hand). 

rcbcn  (-«),  intr.  ortr.  speak,  talk. 

rebuciren,  better      ) 

k.     .,  N        ,     ,  N  ( tr.  reduce. 
rebujt(e)ren  (— *WX ) 

Wegel  (-*),/.  -n,  rule. 

regelntdfltg  (-w-w),  <*<#.  or  adv.  regu- 
lar(ly). 

Wegen  (-^),  m.  -§,  rain. 

Wegenfd)trm  (-wu),  w.  -(e)§,  -e,  umbrella. 

regnen  (-u),  z«^r.  im/ers.  rain. 

Web  (-),  «•  -e§,  -e,  roe,  deer. 

re  id)  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  rich. 

ret  diet  i  (-w),  /«/r.  reach. 

W*f  (~)>  **<#•  ^  tf^-  ripe. 

Wetgentanj  (■£«v),  »*.  -e3,  -tanje,  round- 
dance. 

Wet  be  (-«),  /•  -n,  turn. 

refit  (■*),  «<#'.  or  oa/z/.  pure,  clean. 


Wetfe  (-"),  /  -n,  journey. 
Wetfegefdbrte  (--«--),  m.  -n,  -n,  travel- 
ling companion. 
retfen  {^),  intr.  f.  or  &.  travel. 
Weifenbe  (ber)  (**»*),  M.  {inflected  like 
adj.)  -n, -n,  traveller. 

Wetfetafcfte   (■« ),  /.   -n,   carpet-bag, 

portmanteau. 
retfteii  (-="),  rife,  geriffen,  /r.  tear. 
retten  (^),  ritt,   geritten,  intr.  b.  or  f. 

ride  (on  horseback). 
Wettpferb  (--),  n.  -e3,  -e,  riding- or  saddle- 
horse. 
Wet*  (■*),   ;«.   -e§,    -e,   incentive,    charm, 

attraction. 
re tje lib  (-^),  <*#.  charming. 
Weft  (-5),  m.  -e§,  -e,  rest,  remainder. 
retten  («  «) ,  /r.  save,  fid)  — ,  save  one's  self. 
Wbet'n  (*),  w.  -eg,  (river)  Rhine. 
Wbeinroet'n   (*-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  Rhenish 

wine,  hock. 
WbeuntattSmuS  (-—'»*),  m.  — ,  rheuma- 
tism. 
rid) ten   («*«),   tr.    direct,    address,     eine 

^rage  —  an,  ask  a  question. 
Wtd)ter  (*"),  m.  -§,  — ,  judge,  magistrate. 
rtd)ttg  ("*«),  adj.  or  adv.  right,  correct, 
rtef  (-),  imperf.  indie,  of  vufett. 
rtcfeln  (^^),  intr.  trickle,  ripple,  purl. 
Winbe  (^-),/,  -n,  rind,  crust,  bark. 
^•"9  Wi  ««•  -c§,  -e,  ring,  circle. 
Wt'ppe  (^«),  /  -n,  rib. 
Wocf  (<*),  w.  -e§,  SRotfe,  coat. 
Woman  (--),  w.  -e§,  -e,  romance,  novel. 
Wofe^^.yi-n,  rose. 
Woftne  (--w),y.  -n,  raisin. 
rot(b)  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  (rot(6)er,  rot(b)eft), 

red. 
Wot(b)febId)ett  (^-«),   «.    -§,  — ,  red- 
breast, robin. 
Wuben*    (-«),  w.,     indecl.,  Rubens,   a 

Dutch  painter. 
Wiicfen  (*v^  m.  -§,  — ,  back.  See  £eib. 
Wiicffebr  {*-),/•  en,  return. 
Wucfftdjt  (*«),  yi  -en,  respect,  regard, 

attention,  consideration, 
rucfrodrt*  (**»X  ^^  backward. 
rufen  (-«),  rtef,  gerufen,  /'w/r.  or/r.  cry, 
call. 


Me. 


321 


frf)(ntt)tcn. 


Wuhe  {-"),/.  (pi-  rare),  rest,  repose. 

mbcn  (-«),  intr.  rest. 

rnbifl  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  quiet,  calm,  tran- 
quil. 

SWubtn  (-),  m.  -e§,  fame,  celebrity,  glory. 

riibmen  (-"),  reft,  boast  of. 

rub  re  it  (•**»),  tr.  stir  up,  move,  set  in 
motion. 


nibvcnfc  {-'•'),  part,  used  as  adj.  touching, 
pathetic.  etroaS  9luE)renbe3,  p.  46,  n.  4. 
Ratine  (vSj),f.  -n,  ruin,  ruins, 
runb  (**),  adj.  or  adv.  round. 
9Kuffe  OH,  w.  -n,  -rt,  Russian.  (233.) 
rnffifd)  (***),  adj.  Russian.  (233.) 
Jtuftlanfc  (<*«),  ».  -§,  Russia. 


<2>aal  (z-),  w.  -e§,  ©ale,  hall,  saloon,  large 
room. 

3dbcl  (z-t),  m.  -§,  — ,  sabre. 

2?ad)e  (2^), /. -n,  thing. 

fden  (**v),  tr.  sow. 

<2>aft  (st5),  m.  -e§,  ©afte,  sap,  juice. 

fafttg  (**WX  adj.  or  adv.  juicy. 

fagen  (z-u),  *V.  say,  tell,  speak. 

fab  (z~)>  intperf.  ind.  of  feben. 

©alat  (««-),  *«.  -e§,  -e,  salad. 

@aIomo(n)  (z-w-,  more  correctly  z---), 
-§  *?r  -mo'ntS,  Solomon. 

Salj  (2^),  «.  -e§,  -e,  salt. 

famine  (it  («*M),  <r.  collect,  gather. 

Sammhutfl  (z5^),/.  -en,  collection. 

fam(m)t  (2^),  /rv?/.  with  dat.  together 
with. 

<3am$tag  (z^v  or  z^),  m.  -i,  -e,  Satur- 
day. 

<3anb  (z*),  m.  -e§,  -e  {pi.  rare),  sand. 

tantrum  (^u),  n.  -e§,  -tbrner,  grain  of 
sand. 

fanft(c)  (z6*),  «^'.  or.  adv.  soft,  gentle, 
mild. 

<3attel  (2^),  w.  -4,  ©Sttel,  saddle. 

fatteln  (z*  «),  ^r.  saddle. 

<2atteltafd)e  (z^^^^),/.  -it,  saddle-pock- 
et, saddle-bag. 

<2>a$  (2^),  m.  -e§,  ©ci^e,  settlings,  sedi- 
ment; sentence. 

fauer  (z-»),  adj.  or  adv.  sour. 

faufen  (**"),  ioff,  gefoffen,  intr.  er  tr. 
drink  (of  ai.imals). 

Sdjadjt  05),  w*.  -e§,  -e  tfr©cbad)te,  shaft, 
pit. 

2cbad)tel  (*"),/.  -n,  box,  bandbox. 

Sdntt'e  (-w),  w.  -ns,  -n,  )  damage. 

®d>aben  (-«),  w.-§,  ©cbciben,  )  e^iftfeJjr 
Sd)abe,  it  is  a  great  pity.   (376.) 

fd)abcn  (-w),  /»/r.  with  dat.  injure. 


fd)dMfd)  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  injurious. 

<2d)af    \.A 

®d>aafj(-)'*--e§'-e'8heep- 

3d) a  fie  in    (--),  n.  -§,  — ,  little  sheep, 

fd)d'len  (-«),  tr.  shell,  peel. 

3d)altj[abr  (*-),  n.  -eg,  -e,  leap-year. 

fd)d me  11  (-w),  f^-  be  ashamed  of. 

fd)arf  (-*),  adj.  or  adv.  (fd)arfer,  fdjarfft), 
sharp. 

Sdmttcn  (<*«),  m.  -§,  — ,  shade,  shadow. 

fd)auc  11  (-w),  intr.  or  tr.  look,  see. 

fdieeren,  see  fdjeren. 

fd)einen  (-u),  fd)ien,  gefebienen,  *«*r. 
shine,  seem  or  appear  (to,  dat.). 

3d)Clle  {*"),/.  -n,  little  bell. 

<2d)elm  (»*),  w.  -e<§,  -e,  rogue. 

fd)elrcn  05"),  fcfjalt,  gefdjolten,  tr.  or 
intr.  scold,  revile,  call  one  an  insulting 
name. 

fd)enfen  (v5w),  tr.  pour  out  for  drinking, 
give. 

fdjeren  (-»),  febor,  gefd)oren,  tr.  shear, 
shave. 

3d)cr$  05),  m.  -e§,  -e,  joke.  —  bet  ©eite, 
joking  aside. 

fd)erjen  (<**»),  z'«^r.  joke. 

fd)tcBen  (H,  ^r.  send. 

fd)ieflen  (-w),  fd)o§,  gefdjoffen,  »fr.  ortr. 
shoot,  fire. 

@d)tff  W,  n.  -e§,  -e,  ship,  boat. 

(Sd)tffer  {6<->)ym.  -9,  — ,  skipper,  ma- 
riner, sailor. 

3d)iUtng  (*WX  m.  -e§,  -e,  shilling. 

3d)tiniue(  0***)i  w.  -§,  — ,  white  horse. 

fd)  imp  fen  (,5u),  ^r.  insult,  call  by  an  in- 
sulting name. 

<Sd)ivm  (f),  m.  -e§,  -e,  umbrella. 

<5d)lad)t  0s),  f.  -e^t,  BATTLE. 

fd)!ad)tcn  05"),  ^r.  slaughter,  butcher, 
kill. 


SdlMtfel*. 


322 


Srf)u!)matf)ct\ 


2d)lad)tfelb  (*»),  n.  -es,  -er,  field  of 

battle. 
@d)laf  (-),  m.  -es  (no  pi.),  sleep. 
2d)lafd)ett  (-«),  «.  -s,  — ,  short  sleep, 

nap. 
I'd) I afc tt   (-w),    fdE>Iief,    gefcblafen,    intr. 

sleep. 
Sdjlafcrt  (-«),  «.  -s,  sleep. 
fd)laf(c)rig  (-(u)w),  <^'.  or  adv.  sleepy. 
3d)lafgcmod)  (-uu),  «.  -{e)s,  -madder, 

sleeping  apartment,  bedroom. 
8d)laffammcr  (-ww),  ,/  -n,  bed-cham- 
ber, sleeping-room. 
fd)Iaftrunfcn    (-uw),    adj.    heavy    with 

sleep,  drowsy. 
2dilafummcr  (-ww),  »•  -3,  — ,  sleeping- 
chamber. 
@d)lag  (-  or  <*),  m.  -es,  Sdjldge,  blow, 

stroke;  warbling  (of  a  bird),  notes,     im 

— ,  or  (abbr.)  fcfilag  (with  numeral),  on 

the  stroke  of,  precisely  at. 
Sdriagbaum  (--  or*-),  m.  -es,  -bdume, 

toll-bar. 
fdjlagen  (-«),  fcblug,  gefdjlagen,  tr.  or 

intr.  strike,  knock,  beat  (time). 
fd)Icd)t  (*),  adj.  or  adv.  bad. 
fd)ltef?eit  (-«),  fcblofe,  gefd>Ioffen,  *r,  or 

intr.  conclude,    ^reunbfdjaft  — ,  become 

(fast)  friends;    rejl.  become    closed    or 

shut ;  be  attached. 
fd)ltcfHtd)  (-«),  adv.  in  the  end. 
fd)Umm  (<*),  adj.  and  adv.  ill,  evil,  sad. 
SdUtttfdnifo  (•-),  w.  -es,  -e,  skate.    — 

laufen,  skate  (verb).     (369.) 
3>d)(ittfdtuhlaufen  (*— -*»),  «.-§,  skating. 
£d)littfd)uhia'ufer  (*--v),  m.  -s,  — , 

skater. 
Sd)l0||  05),  «•  -es,  ©d)Ioffer,  lock,  castle. 
fd)  hint  merit  (*»»fc  z«/V.  slumber,  sleep. 
fd)lupfcu  (*"),  intr.  f.  slip,  glide. 
2d)litffcl  (**),  m.  -S,  — ,  key. 
2d)luffclbluntc  C***-**),  f.  -n,  primrose. 
fdMliatfbaft   (<*"),  adj.   or  adv.  savory, 

palatable. 
fd)mccFctt  (*"),  intr.  or  tr.  taste,     fid) '3 

TDOljt  (gut)  —  laffen,  enjoy  a  thing, 
fdtmeidtcltt  (-v),  intr.  with  dat.  flatter. 
<Sd)ttter)  (£),  m.  -es  or  -ens,  -en,  pain. 
fd)ntcr^baft  (*v),  adj.  or  adv.  painful. 
Sd)metterUtt<r  C*wv)i  m.  -%,  -c,  butterfly. 
fd)moUen  (**),  intr.  pout,  be  sulky. 


fdjmucfctt  (*«),  tr.  adorn. 
«d)lltti$  (*),  hk.  -es  (no pi.),  dirt. 
fd)tnu$ig  (<v),  rt^/-.  or  adv.  dirty. 

fdmappen  05"),  wtfr.  snap. 

<2d)ttau}C  (-*«),  /  -n,  snout,  muzzl& 
mouth. 

<Sd)itee  (-),  m.  -s,  snow. 

fd)ttctbcn  (•*«),  febnitt,  gefdmitten,  tr.  or 
intr.  cut. 

<Sd)ttcifcer  (-«),  ;//.  -5,  — ,  tailor. 

3d)nctberrcd)muig  (-yJV"J),f.  -en,  tai- 
lor's bill. 

fd)ncicn  (-«),  intr.  or  tr.  impers.  snow. 

fd)licll(c)  K(v)j  «*#.  or  <&*V.  quick,  swift. 

2d)  n  up  fen  (•*),  m.  -s,  — ,  cold  (in  the 
head),  catarrh. 

2d)u(le  (<«),  _/;  -u,  clod,  piece  of  earth. 

fd)Ott  (-),  adv.  asseverative  or  etnphatic, 
well,  surely,  indeed,  doubtless ;  already, 
even;  as  much  as;  in  connection  with 
future  tense,  never  mind,  don't  fear. 

fd)Olt  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  beautiful,  fine. 

2>d)opfuttg  (*"),/.  -en,  creation. 

Zd)0$  (-),  m.  -es,  <Sd)bfje,  lap,  bosom. 

@d)Otte  (*«),  m.  -n,-n,  Scotchman.  (233.) 

{Ayottifdy  (*^),adj.  Scottish.   (233.) 

<2d>ottlanb  (*"),  n.  -(e)6,  Scotland. 

2d)0ttld'ltber  (*"v),  m.  -5,  — ,  Scotch- 
man. 

<2d)raiif  (*),  m.  -es,  Sdjranfe,  cupboard. 

fd)red*cn  (*KJ),  intr.  f.  be  terrified,  fear. 

Sd)rerfcn  (,5w),  m.  -S,  — ,  terror,  fright. 

fdjrecfltd)  (*»*),  «^'.  £>r  a<&/.  terrible. 

2d)rctbcbud)  (-"-),  «.  -§,  -bild)er,  writ- 
ing-book, copy-book. 

fd)rctben  (-«),  fd)rieb,  gefd;rieben,  ^r. 
write. 

2d)rcibnmtertal  (---(w)-),  «.  -(e)§, 
-alien,  writing-material. 

Sd)rcibftunbc  (-ww),  /!  -n,  writing- 
lesson. 

Sdjrcibttfd)  (-u),  m.  -e3,  -e,  writing- 
desk. 

fdireten  (-«),  fdjrie,  gefdjriecu,  Mr.  ^r/r. 
cry,  cry  out,  scream. 

<2d)rettier  (-w),  m.  -3,  — ,  joiner. 

Sdirot  (-),  «.  -co,  -e,  shot. 

2d)iiblabc  (--w  or  *-v),  f.  -»,  drawer. 

®d)itb  (-),  m.  -cs,  -e,  shoe.  (369.) 

2d)iif)imid)er  (-vw),  w.  -s,  — ,  shoe- 
maker. 


sdjitto. 


323 


<§cnf. 


<2d)ulb  (<*),/.  -en,  debt. 
fd)ulbtg  (*«),  <k^'.  guilty  (of,^«.). 
(Sdjul&tgfctt  (**-},  /  -en,  duty. 
<2d)nlbnev  {*"),  ?«.  -3,  — ,  debtor. 
<3d)ulc  (-v),  /•  -n,  school,    in  bie  - 

geben,  go  to  school. 
@d)ulev  (-«),  w.  -3,  — ,  (/.  -in),  scholar, 

pupil. 
<Sd)ulter  (*w),/  -n,  shoiilder. 
fd) ul tern  (<*«),  *r.  shoulder. 
<2>d)nrfe  05"),  ?«.,-n,  -n,  rascal. 
<3d)iir$c  05"),  /  -n,  apron. 
fd)  lit  tela  (***),  J?r.  shake. 
fd)utten  05"),  tr.  pour. 
2d)ttfj  05),  wz.  -e§  {no  pi.),  shelter. 
fd)ii$cn  (v5w),  dr.  protect. 
fd)toad)    (>*),    adj.    or  adv.   (fdiroac&er, 

fdjroadjft),  weak. 
(Sdjroager  (-"),  *«.  -3,  ©djrcager,  brother- 
in-law. 
<Sd)roalbe  {*"),/.  -n,  swallow. 
<3d)tt>amm    05),    w.    -e§,    ©djtoamme, 

sponge. 
2diiuammd)cn    O5*'),    n.    -8,    — ,    little 

sponge. 
<Sd)tt>anj  05),  w.  -e§,  Sdjroanje,  tail, 
fdjroarj    if),   adj.    or    adv.   (fcbtDarjer, 

fdjuiarjeft),  black. 
fdjroeben    (-«),    intr.    Ij.    or   f.    sweep 

(through  the  air),  hover,  float. 
<2>d)n>efee  (-u),  m.  -n,  -n.  Swede. 
<2d)n>eben  (-«),  n.  -§,  Sweden. 
fd)n»cbtfd)(-w),  a^'.  Swedish. 
fd)»t>etgen  (-*«),  fdnnieg,  gefdjrotegen,  z«/r. 

be  still. 
fd)tt>etgenb  (-w),  /r.  part,  in  silence. 
2d)toetii  (-),  n.  -e§,  -e,  swine,  hog,  pig. 

(372.) 
fd)roer  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  sore,  heavy;  hard, 

difficult. 
<Sd)tt>efter  (?"),/.  -n,  sister. 
fd)u>immcn  O5"),  fc&rcamm,  gefdiroommen, 

z«rV.  fi.  or  f.  swim. 
fd)n>tnb(e)itg  (lid)t)  ("*(W)VX  *#>  "*"  a^- 

dizzy.     e§  ift  mir  — ,  I  am  (feel)  dizzy, 
fd)  id  tit  be  In  (*"),  intr.  or  tr.  impers.  be 

dizzy.     c§  fd)tt>inbelt  mir,  I  feel  dizzy. 
fd)tDtnbelnb  {^v),  pr.  part,  dizzy,  giddy, 

causing  giddiness. 
fd)n>tnben  f**»X   fd)nmnb,    gefdjnmnben, 

fctir.  f.  vanish. 


fcd)8  {sfikss),  num.  six. 

fed)  3  ma  I  {z*kss-)f  aa'z/.  six  times. 

fed)  fit  {z&ksst),  num.  adj.  sixth. 

8ed)ftcl  {z^ksst^),  n.  -3,  — ,  sixth  part. 

fed)$jel)n  {z^kss-),  num.  sixteen. 

fed)8$ebnt  {z^kss-),  num.  adj.  sixteenth. 

fed)$t'g  (z^),  num.  sixty. 

fed)}tgfr  {z6*),  num.  adj.  sixtieth. 

i.  See  (z-),  m.  -3,  -n,  lake. 

2.  2>ee  (z-),  f.  -n,  sea,  ocean.    (Sees  unb 

Canbreifen,  voyages  and  travels. 
feefranf  {z-^),  adj.  sea-sick. 
<2eefranfl)ett(z-"-),./  -en,  sea-sickness. 
vSecle  {z-^),/.  -rt,  soul,    einem  an  bie  — 

gebeit,  go  to  one's  heart. 
<2eefd)lad)t  {z-^),  /.  -en,  sea-fight. 
feben(z-"),  ja&,  gefefoen,  tr.  or  intr.  see, 

look. 
febnen  (z-»),  rejl.  long  for. 
febt*  (z-),  adv.  very,  greatly,  very  much, 

much. 
Set  be  (z-w),  /.  -n,  silk. 
fetben  (z-w),  adj.  made  of  silk,  silken. 
i.  fetn  (z-),   int?.   f.    be.     {With   certain 

verbs  as  auxiliary  to  be  translated  like 

fiaben.)    e§  ift  *c.,  there  is,  etc.     mir  ift, 

I  feel,  it  seems  to  me.    (381.) 

2.  fetn  (z-),  poss.  adj.  his,  its. 

3.  fetn  (z-),  old  gen.  of er  or  eg. 

fe  t  it  c  til  albeit  (•*«***«),  }  adv.  on  his  {or 

fetnetwegen  (z-w-«),  Wts)   account   or 

fetnetrottlen  (z-""w),   )  behalf. 

fetnt'g  (z-w),  poss.  pr.,  always  with  def. 
art.  his,  its. 

fett  (z-),  prep,  with  dat.  since,  for.  — 
lange,  for  a  long  time  ;  conj.  since.  (315.) 

fettbent  (z--),  conj.  since. 

<2>ette  (z-^),  f.  -n,  side;  page,  nacf;  jeber 
—  rjirt,  in  every  direction. 

felber  (z^u),  adj.  indecl.  self  (myself, 
yourself,  etc.). 

felbft  (z^),  adj.  indecl.  same  as  felber  ;  as 
noun,  con  — ,  of  itself,  himself,  etc. ; 
freely,  without  compulsion  or  effort; 
adv  {preceding  tlie  word  which  it  em- 
phasizes), even. 

felbftgejogen  (#*v-^,  adj.  self-culti- 
vated, native. 

felten  {z^^),adj.  or  adv.  seldom,  rare(ly) 

fenben  (z^),  fembte,  gefembt,  tr.  send. 

<2ettf  {zfi),  m.  -e§,  mustard. 


September. 


324 


Sopfja. 


(September  (&"*»),  m.  -§,  — ,  Septem- 
ber. 

Seffel  (z*v),  m.  -§,  — ,  settle,  chair. 

fe$en  (z^^),  tr.  set,  put;  reft  sit  down, 
perch,  take  up  a  position,  seat  one's  self, 
get  (into). 

2f) an) I  (-,  pron.  like  Fr.  chdle),  m.  -e§, 
-e,  shawl. 

fid)  (z*5),  refl.  pr.  third  j>ers.  dat.  or  ace. 
himself,  herself,  itself;  themselves;  in 
recip.  sense,  one  another. 

flcber  (z*5"),  adj.  or  adv.  sure,  certain. 

fid) tx\ id)  (z5""),  «^-  certainly. 

fie  (z-),  /terj.  /r.  (third  sing.)  she,  it,  her ; 
(third  pi.)  they,  them.  (35.) 

S ie  (z-),  /terr.  /r.  (swV  */«£-.)  you.    (35. ) 

fieben  (z-^),  www.  seven. 

ft'ebenmal  (z-"~),  ttfe  seven  times. 

fiebentebalb  (z^"««),  a<#.  (seventh 
half ;  i.  e.)  six  and  a  half. 

fieb(en)jebn  (z-(w)-),  m.  seventeen. 

ficb(en);ehnt  (z- (")-)>  «**«•  «<#•  seven- 
teenth. 

fieb(en)$ig  (z-(w)w),  *«>*•  seventy. 

fieb(en)jtgfl  (z* («)«),  num.  adj.  seven- 
tieth. 

fieben  (z-^),  fott,  gefotten,  *r.  or  Mr. 
boil. 

Sieg  (z-),  •».  -e§,  -e,  victory. 

Silber  (z5"),  «•  -*,  silver. 

filberbell  (z5^),  adj.  silvery,  bright  as 
silver. 

Silberborn  (z*««),  «.  -(e)3,  -borner,  sil- 
ver horn. 

filbern  (z5"),  «*#.  or  adv.  made  of  or  re- 
sembling silver. 

filbermeif?  (••*»-)»  adj.  silvery  white. 

fingen  (z*w),  fang,  gefungen,  intr.  or  tr. 
sing. 

■Singe n  (z5«),  «.  -§,  singing. 

Singular  (z^^-orz^^-),  m.  -§,  -e,  sin- 
gular (number). 

Singoogel  (■*/-w),  «fc  -*(  -t)3gcl#  song- 
bird. 

finfen  (z-5"),  fanf,  gefunten,  Mr.  f.  sink, 
fall. 

Sinn  (z5),  m.  -e§,  -e  <w  en,  mind.  e§ 
fommt  mir  nidjt  au3  bem  — ,  it  keeps 
running  in  my  head. 

finnen  (**«"),  fann,  gefonnen,  Mr.  \>.or\. 
thick,  meditate,  reflect. 


Sinnen  (z*«),  «.  -8  («o  //.),  thoughts. 

fifcen  (z*«),  fafj,  gefeffen,  intr.  sit. 

fo  (z-),  adfo.  so,  thus,  in  this  or  in  such 
manner  or  degree,  when ;  as  particle  of 
inference,  then,      fo  . . .  a!3  (or  IDte),  as 

as.     — eben,  just.    —  gut,  as  well 

as.     — immer,  however.    —   tote, 

just  as.  Often  correlative  to  a  preceding 
ba,  and  not  necessarily  translated ;  be- 
fore an  adj.  or  adv.  often  i-mplies  a  IS 
and  itself  not  to  be  translated ;  as,  fo  grof} 
er  mar,  great  as  he  was  ;  inter/,  indeed! 

fob  alb  (z-  «*) :  — a 13,  conj.  as  soon  as. 

fobafj  (z-4)',conj.  so  that. 

foebcn  (z  --  w),  arfz'.  just. 

Sofa  (z-w  or  «•-),  «.  or  m.  -§,  -§,  sofa. 

fofort(z-^),  adv.  forthwith. 

fogar  (z-  -),  <ufa.  even. 

fogenannt  (z-u,s),  adj.  so-called. 

fogteid)  (z--),  aafiy.  immediately,  directly. 

Sonn  (z-),  w.  -e§,  Sofme,  son. 

Sobndien  (z-w),  n.   -*,  — ,  little    son. 

fold)  (z>*),  /rwz.  «*#.  (foldjer,  foldje,  foU 
cbee),  such,     ein  — er,  such  a. 

Solbat  (z"~),  *«.  -3  <7r  -en,  -en,  soldier. 

foUen  (z*5"),  lr.,  modal  auxiliary,  shall, 
should;  ought;  be  to,  be  intended  or 
destined  or  expected  to ;  be  said  to.  er 
fyat  feme  9lufgabe  lernen  — ,  he  was  to 
have  learned  (was  told  to  learn)  his  les- 
son. 

Sommer  (z^v),  m.  -§,  — ,  summer. 

fonberbar  (z5"-),  adj.  or  adv.  strange. 

fonberlid)  (z^^^),adj.  or  adv.  specially), 
peculiarly),  particular(ly),  remarka- 
ble, -bly. 

fonbern  (zisj),  conj.  but  (more  adversa- 
tive than  a  ber,  and  usually  after  a  nega- 
tive). 

Souuabeub  (z5-"),  m.  -3,  -e,  Saturday 
(evening  before  Sunday). 

Sonne  (z5"),  f.  -n,  sun. 

Sonnengtan;  (z5""),  m.  -e§,  sunlight. 

Sonnenfd)irm  (z5""),  m.  -e§,  -c,  para- 
sol. 

Sounenufir  (z&"-),f.  -en,  sun-dial. 

Sonntag  (z^  or  z*5-),  m.  -3,  -e,  Sun- 
day. 4 

fonft  (z5),  «</w.  else,  otherwise;  formerly, 
in  days  gone  by. 

Sopba,  see  Sofa. 


Sopfjie. 


325 


<BUUtn. 


Sopbie  (u -"),./ -n§,  Sophia,  Sophy. 

forgen  (z&v),  intr.  or  tr.  care  for,  provide. 

forgfdlttg  (s,5ww),  adj.  careful. 

Sorte  (z*"),/.  -n,  sort. 

SoUDerdlt  (/r.  soo-veh-rane'),  m.  -§,  -e, 
sovereign. 

fotml  (2--),  «^-  so  far  as. 

fowo(h)l  (2--):  — al3  {or  al§  and)), 

correlatives,  as  well  ....  as  (also),  both 
....  and. 

fparen  (-«),  tfr.  spare,  save. 

Spargel  (**'),  w.  -3,  — ,  asparagus. 

fpdt  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  late. 

fpfiteftettS  (-uu),  adv.  at  latest. 

fpajtcren  ("-"),  intr.  6.  ?r  f.  walk,  take 
a  turn ;  usually  in  infinitive,  -with  a 
verb  signifying  the  kind  of  action :  — 
gef)en,  take  a  walk. 

Spajierfabvt  (w--),  f  -en,  drive  (in  a 
carriage). 

Spajiergang  (w-u),  *«.  -e§,  -gange,  walk. 

Spanerrttt  (u-w),  w.  -e3,  -e,  ride  (on 
horseback). 

Speculation,  see  ©pefulatton. 

Spcifcrimmcr  (-wuu),  «•  -§,  — ,  dining- 
room. 

Speculation  ( tss{f)-),f.  -en,  specu- 
lation. 

Spejereilabcn  (-w--u),  m.  -§,  —  or 
-laben,  grocer's  shop. 

Spiegel  (-w),  tn.  -§,  — ,  mirror,  mirror- 
like surface. 

Spiel  (-),  n.  -(e)§,  -e,  game,  sport;  play- 
ing (of  musical  instruments  and  the  like). 

JVieteii  {-*■>),  intr.  or  tr.  play. 

Spielpla^  (-u),  m.  -e3,  -pla^e,  play- 
ground. 

Spielfacbe  (-zwu),/  -n,  plaything. 

Sptelfacbenlaoen  {-z^^-^),  m.  -§,  — 
or  -laben,  toy-shop. 

Spinat  (--),  m.  -e§,  -e,  spinage. 

Spi^e  (*"),  f  -It,  top,  point,  peak. 

fptfcig  (^u),  «^.  or  adv.  pointed,  sharp. 

Spracbe  {-v),f.  -n,  language;  conversa- 
tion, talk. 

fprachtoS  (-"),  adj.  speechless. 

fpred)en  (^u),  fpvad),  gefprodjen,  intr.  or 
tr.  speak,  talk,  say. 

fpringcn  {^^),  f prang,  gefprungen,  intr. 
f.  or  1).  spring,  leap,  jump;  break 
(open). 


Stab  (-),  m.  -e3,  ©tabe,  staff. 
Stacbelbeere  (*w-w),./  -n,  gooseberry. 
Stabt  (*),  /.  ©tabte,  city,  town.   (371.) 
Sta'ottben  (<*«),  n.  -§,  — ,  small  town. 
Stabtrirbter  (*WMX  m-  -%>  —>  municipal 

judge. 
Stablfeber  {--^),f  -n,  steel-pen. 
Stall  {?),  m.  -e§,  ©talle,  stall,  kennel. 
Stamnt    (?),    m.   -e3,   ©tamme,   stem, 

stalk. 
Stanfc  if),  m.  -eS,  ©tanbe,  stand,  stand- 
ing; state,  situation,     im  —  fetn,  be  in 

a  condition,  be  able. 
ftanMjaft  ("•"X  a(tj-  or  adv.  firm. 
flarf  if),  adj.  or  adv.  (ftarfer,  ftarf(e)ft), 

hard,  strong,  violent(ly),  bad. 
Stdrfe  (?"),/.  -tt,  strength. 
Station  (-/«(")-),  f.  -en,  station. 
ftdt$  (-),  adv.  always. 
Statt  (?),f.  {no  pi.),  place.    — t)<xben  or 

— ftnben,  take  place. 
flatt  (<*),  prep,  with  gen.  instead  of. 
ftauucn  (-"),  intr.  be  astonished. 
Staunen  (-«),  «.  -3  {no  pi.),  astonishment. 
fiecfen  (,5u))  ftatf,  geftoden,  intr.  stick, 

lie  hidden;  tr.  {reg.)  put  (away).     etiuaS 

jU  fid)  — ,  put  something  into  one's  pocket. 
Steg  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  foot-bridge,  narrow 

wooden  bridge. 
fieben  (-«),  ftanb,  geftanben,  intr.  &.  or  f. 

stand,  be. 
ftehleu  (-«),  ftabl,  geftoblen,  tr.  steal. 
fieigcn  (-«),  ftteg,  geftiegen,  intr.  f.  rise; 

sometimes  with  explanatory   adjuncts, 

descend. 
Stein  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  stone,  rock. 
Ste lie  (*w),  y.  -n,  place,  situation, 
ftc lieu  (*v)»  ^r.  place,  put,  set. 
fierben  {*«),  ftarb,  geftorben,  *'«i?r.  f.  die. 
Sterling  (<5w),  indecl.  adj  sterling. 
fietd  =  ftat§. 

Stiefel  (-"),  m.  -3,  —  or  -n,  boot. 
ftier  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  staring. 
Stille  (^yj),f.  stillness,  silence. 
Stitume  {^^),f  -n,  voice. 
Stocf  {*),  m.  -e§,     e  or  ©totfe,  stick. 

cane ;  stock. 
Stocf  en  (^w),  n.  -%{nopl.),  hesitating. 
Stoff  CO,  m.  -e§,  — e,  stuff,  matter.  (369.) 
Stolle  (,5w),  /  -n,  )    gallery    (of    a 

Stollen  (^w),  w.  -§,  — ,   )  mine). 


fiolj. 


326 


tljateittion. 


flolj  05),  adj.  or  adv.  proud.  —  auf, 
proud  of. 

ftoren  (-«),  tr.  disturb. 

frozen  (-«),  ftiefj,  geftofeen,  intr.  f).  or  ^ 
push,  knock  against. 

<£trafanfgabe  (- — w), ./  -n,  task. 

frrnfen  (-«),  /r.  punish. 

3tra(I))l  (-),  w.  -e§,  -en,  beam,  ray. 

Strajje  (-«),  y.  -n,  street. 

2trafjenjungc  (-w«w),  w«. -n, -n, street- 
boy,  little  vagabond,  gamin. 

i.  Strang  (-),  m.  -e§,  Straufee  (Straus 
fjer),  nosegay.   (370,  1.) 

2.  Strang  (-),  w.  -e§  or  -en,  -e  <?r  -en 
ostrich.    (370,1.) 

ftrecfen  («5u),  to  stretch. 

ftrctd)eln  (-"),  /r.  stroke,  caress. 

ftretdicn  (-uX  ftn^,  geftrid)en,  intr.  6. 
#r  f.  pass  along,  graze,  rub. 

ftretteu  (■*«),  ftritt,  geftritten,  zVafr.  dis- 
pute. 

flreng    (>*),    «**/'.  <?r  «*&/.  severe,  strict. 

frrcucn  (-w),  *r.  strew,  scatter. 

<Strob  (-),  n.  -e§,  straw. 

Strobbalm  (-«),  w.  -e§,  -e  <?r  -en,  stalk 
or  blade  of  straw. 

Strom  (-),  m.  -e§,  ©trbme,  stream. 


Striimpf  (?),  w.  -e§,  Strumpfe,  stocking. 

<2>tiicf  l'5),  «.  -3,  -e  or  -en,  piece. 

Stucf Cben    (•«),   «.  -3,  — ,   small   piece, 

morsel. 
Stubcnt  (-*),  m.  -en, -en,  student. 
ftufct(e)rcn  (--v),  intr.  or  tr.  study. 
StufeiBM   (-(WH,    n.  -4,  pi.  ©tubien, 

study. 
Stub!  (^),  m.  -e3,  ©tiifjle,  stool,  chair. 
ftuntm  (*),  adj.  or  adv.  dumb,  mute. 
flumpf  (f),  adj.  or  adv.  blunt,  dull. 
Stunte  («5"),  /.  -n,  time;  hour,  lesson; 

league.    —  n    geben,  give  lessons.    — n 

ne&men  in,  take  lessons  in. 
it iirmcn  (**»)>  intr'  &•  or  f.  storm,  rage. 
ftiirjen  (6»),  intr.  f.  fall  headlong,  plunge 

down,  tumble. 
fubtrabi(f)mt  (^-i»),  tr.  subtract. 
fitd)Cit  (z-w),  tr.  or  intr.  seek,  look  for, 

try. 
Siit'cn  (z-v),  m.  -§  (no  pi.),  south. 
fuMtd)  (z-v),  adj.  or  adv.  southerly, 

southern. 
Siibniiiib  (z-v),  m.  -e§,  -e,  southwind. 
Summe  (z^^),  f.  -n,  sum. 
fiifj  (z-),  sweet. 


£♦ 


Sact,  see  Saft. 

Safe  I  (-"),/.  -n,  table,  slate. 

Sag  (*  or  -),  w.  -e§,  -e,  day.  eine§  — e§, 
once  upon  a  time,  once,  jroeimal  be3 
— e3,  twice  a  day.  alle  brei  — e,  every 
third  day.    (369.) 

Sagedlidit  (-""),  n.  -e§,  -er  <?r-e,  day- 
light, light  of  (the)  day. 

Saft  (**),  m.  -e§,  -e,  time,  measure. 

Salent  («»fX  «.  -c§,  -e,  talent. 

Saune  i^^),/-  -n,  fir-tree,  fir. 

Sante  (*»»X  /  -n,  aunt. 

San^  Mb  ■*•  ~e^  SWnjt,  dance. 

tauten  (*«),  /r.  <?r  ?«/r.  ft.,  sometimes  f . , 
dance. 

Sanger  05"),  «*.  -§,  —  (/  -in),  dancer. 

Sapeji(e)rcr  (w(u)-w),  m.  -§,  — ,  paper- 
hanger,  upholsterer. 

Safdie  (**), ,/  -n,  pocket. 

Safdie  ntudi  05"-),  «.  -e§,  -tud)er  or 
-tiid)e,  handkerchief. 


SafFe^^),/  -n,  cup. 

Sa$e  (4^),/.  -n,  paw. 

Saube  (-«),  /  -n,  pigeon. 

taufeit  (-"),  /r.  dip,  immerse,  baptize, 
christen. 

taufdieu  (•***),  tr.  deceive,  disappoint. 

taufent  (-»),  num.  -3,  -e,  thousand. 

taufenfcfi  (-w),  num.  adj.  thousandth. 

Selegranim  (-"^X  n.  -(e)§,  -e,  tele- 
gram. 

Selegrapb  (-v-f),  nt.  -en,  -en,  tele- 
graph. 

telegrapbt(c)reu  (-««/-«),  /r.  or  intr. 
telegraph. 

Seller  (***X  '"•  _§»  — »  plate. 

Sbal  (9,  «.  -eg,  Iftdler,  valley.  (375.) 

Sbaler  (-u),  w.  -§,  — ,  (German)  dollar, 
thaler  (=  73  cents). 

Sbat  (-),  /  -en,  deed,  act.  in  ber  — ,  in 
fact,  indeed. 

thatenocn  (-wu),  abounding  in  deeds. 


XfjatiafettSform. 


327 


iifierrafdien. 


Shdrfgfeitaform  (-u-w),  /  -en,  active 
form  or  voice. 

She  ate  r  (w -<■'),  n.  -g,  — ,  theater. 

Shee  (-),  m.  -S,  — ,  tea. 

S(b)etl  (-),  m.  or  n.  -eg,  -e,  part. 

t(h)eilen  (-«),  ^.  divide. 

t(h)eitS  (^),  a^z/.  partly. 

She  ma  (-  "),  «.  -8,  -8  ^r  Socmen  <?r  Sfoe? 
tnata,  theme. 

Sbeooor(-w-),  m.  Theodore. 

t(h)euer  (-w),  a^'.  or  adv.  dear,  costly. 

S(b)ier  (-),  «•  -eg,  -e,  animal,  creature, 
beast,  brute.     \cf.  deer.] 

S(h)iercbm  (*«),  «.  -4,  — ,  little  animal. 

S(h)tcrgarten  (-vv/),  *«.  -g,  -garten, 
zoological  garden. 

Sbor  (-),  «.  -eg,  -e,  gate. 

Shrd'ne  {-"),/.  -n,  tear. 

tbun  (-),  t&at,  getban,  tr.  do,  put.  eg 
tbut  ntcbtg,  never  mind. 

Shtir(e)  (*(«),  /  -(e)n,  door,  jur  — 
Ijinang,  out  of  the  door. 

tief  (*),  «^\  #r  tfrfz>.  deep,  profound. 

Siefe  (•**»),  /  -n,  depth,  abyss. 

St(e)ger  (-u),  w.  -i,  — ,  tiger. 

$inte  {*"),/.  -n,  ink. 

Stntenfaft  (>s«u),  «.  -eg,  -faffer,  inkstand. 

Stnteiiflecr'  (*««),  #*.  -eg,  -e  or -en,  ink- 
spot. 

Sintenflecf  (^uu),  *«.  -eg,  e,     ) 

Stntenf  lecf*  (iw),  m.  -eg,  -e,  J  ink"sPot- 

Stfdj  {>*),  w.  -eg,  -e,  table. 

Sifchler  (>*"),  ?«.  -g,  — ,  joiner,  cabinet- 
maker. 

Sochtcr  (*»»),  f.pl.  Stocbter,  daughter. 

Sob  (-),  m.  -eg,  -e,  death. 

to(b)t  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  dead  ;  as  noun, 
£o(b)te,  m.  or  f.  dead  (person). 

iibel  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  evil,  ill,  sick. 

iiben  (-w),  /r.  practise,  train,  drill. 

iiber  (-w),  adv.  and  {generally)  insep- 
arable prefix,  over;  prep,  i.  with  dat. 
over,  above,  at ;  2.  w&ft  tftr.  {generally 
with  implication  of  motion),  across; 
after,  after  the  lapse  of ;  about,  concern- 
ing; by  way  of.  beute  —  acbt  Sage, 
a  week  from  to-day. 

liberate*  (fctcfl)  (-uZ),  adv.  besides,  more- 
over. 


to(fc)ten  (■*»),  tr.  kill. 

Son  (-),  m.  -eg,  -e,  tune. 

Sracht  (•*),  ,/C  -en,  costume. 

trdge  (-w),  «^'.  #r  adv.  lazy. 

tragen  (-v),  trug,  getragert,  tr.  or  intr. 

carry,  bear,  wear,  sustain. 
Srd'ghett  {--),  /.  {no  pi.),  indolence. 
trdnfen  (<*«),  tr.  give  to  drink,  water. 
Sratibe  (-  «),  /.  -n,  bunch  of  grapes, 
tranen  (-w),  intr.  with  dat.  trust. 
Sraum  (-),  m.  -eg,  £raume,  dream, 
trdumeu  (-«),  intr.  or  tr.  dream,    eg 

traumt  mir,  I  dream.    (347.) 
Sraitmgeftcbt  (-wv),  «.  -eg,  -e  or  -er, 

dream,  vision,  sight  seen  in  a  dream. 
traui'ig  (-w),  adj.  or  adv.  sad. 
treffen  05"),  traf,  getroffen,  tr.  or  intr. 

find,     fid)  — ,  meet. 
treiben  (-«),  trieb,  gctvieben,  tr.  drive. 
SretbhauS  (--),  -eg,  -baufer,  hot-house. 
Sreppe  05"), /.  -n,  stairs,    bie  —  btuauf, 

up  stairs. 
trcten  (-«),  trat,  getveten,  intr.  f.  tread, 

step,  go. 
treu  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  faithful,  trusty. 
trtllem  (*"),  intr.  warble. 
trinfen  (^w),  tranf,  getrunfen,  drink, 
trodfen  (^v),  adj.  or  adv.  dry,  stale. 
Srommel  (<*"),  f.  -n,  drum. 
Srompeter  (w-u),  m.  -g,  — ,  trumpeter. 
Srompeierftticfchen  f»*»»^  «.  -g,  — , 

air  for  the  trumpet. 
Sropfen  (^w),  m.  -g,  — ,  drop. 
Such  (-),  n.  -eg,  £iidber,cloth. 
tiichtig  (,5w),  «^'.  or  adv.  capable,  — bly, 

soundly. 
Sugenc  (-u),  /  -en,  virtue. 
Sulpe  (•"),/  -n,  tulip. 


u. 


uberbriifFtg  (-"ww)»  «jn  iw  «to<"  w/VA 
gen.  weary,  tired. 

iiberfahrt  (-"-),/  -en,  passage. 

iiberftibren  (-u-u),  /r.  insep.  convict. 

tibei'baupt  (-"-),  adv.  altogether,  gener- 
ally speaking. 

ubennoviKii  (-wwv),  adv.  day  after   to- 
morrow. 

ubernad)ten    (-u,5u),    intr.    and   insep 
pass  the  night. 

iiberrafchen  (-w,5w),  tr.,  insep.  surprise. 


Ubcrrodf. 


328 


unrcif. 


Uberrocf  (-ww),  m.  -e§,  -rocfe,  overcoat. 

ilberrumpcln  (-wv5u),  tr.  andinsep.  take 
by  surprise. 

i.  iibcrfcfcnt  (-vz*v),  tr.  and  sep.  pass 
over,  cross. 

2.  itberfegett  (-w2iu), /r.  andinsep.  trans- 
late. 

llberfe^ung  (-"2^"), ./  -en,  translation. 

itbcrtragen  (-u-w),  -trug,  -tragen,  tr. 
atid  insep.  transfer,  assign. 

uber^ahlcit  (-wZw),  /r.  ««</  /«^/.  count 
over. 

iibcrjeugett  (-u-u),  /r.  and  insep.  con- 
vince. 

iibrig  (-u),  «^'.  ^*  a<&/.  remaining.  — 
bleiben,  be  left. 

Ubung  (-«),  y.  -en,  exercise. 

Ubuitgdaufgabe  (-"--"),./  -n,  exercise. 

lifer  (-w),  «.  -§,  — ,  shore,  bank. 

llbr  (-),  f.  -en,  watch,  clock,  nrie  oiel  — 
ift  e§?  what  time  is  it?  jebtt  — ,  ten 
o'clock. 

Ubrfctte  (-ww),  f  -n,  watch-chain. 

Ubrnmcber  (-ww),  Wfc  -3,  — ,  watch- 
maker. 

Ubrfcblnffel  (-uu),  m.-%,  — ,  watch-key. 

um  (t),  adv.  and  {often)  sep'ble  prefix, 
around,  about;  prep,  -with  ace.  by, 
around,  about;  after  verbs  of  asking 
and  the  like,  for ;  before  JU  and  an  in- 
finitive, in  order,  so  as.  um . . . .  foer 
(with  interposed  ace),  around,  um .... 
nrillen,  for  the  sake  of.  um  befto  .... 
(with  comparative),  so  much  the .... 

Tj^fMost  tr.  verbs  with  um  may  be 
used  both  separably  and  inseparably  (the 
latter  indicating  a  complete  surrounding 
of  an  object);  intr.  verbs  only  separably. 

utnbrtngen  l*""),  -bradjte,  -gebracbt,  tr. 
sep.  kill. 

llmfang  (,5w),  m.  -8,  -fange,  circumfer 
ence. 

Umgaitg  (<*«),  m.  -5,  -gauge,  intercourse. 

llmgaitgdfpracbe  (<5w-v<),  f  -n,  familiar 
language  ;  language  of  conversation. 

untgeben  (u-u),  -gab,  -geben,  tr.  insep. 
surround. 

i.  umgcben('5-"),-gtng,-gegangen,  intr. 
sep.  f.  go  a  round-about  way. 

2.  umgebeii  (w-w),  -gtng,  -gangen,  tr. 
insep.  evade,  walk  round. 


timgefebrt  (*«-),  adj.  turned  around, 
vice  versa. 

umber  ("-),  adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix, 
around,  about. 

umber  Unite  n  ("--«),  -lief,  -gelaufen, 
intr.  f.  run  about. 

umberftreneu  (u--w),  fr.  scatter  about. 

u  in  be  no  a  n  tern  (w-uu),  intr.  wander 
about. 

umb in  (u<5),  adv.,  only  with  tonnen;  as, 
id)  faun  nidjt  — ,  I  cannot  help. 

ltittiiigenebm  0*uw-),  adj.,  unpleasant. 

It n art  {*-),  f.  -en,  impertinence,  rude- 
ness. 

u  liar  tig  (?-^),  adj.  naughty. 

unbeaebtet  (*  MWW),  adj.  unobserved. 

unbclabett  (°w-w),  adj.  unloaded,  fticed. 

unbemerft  (,5ww),  adj.  unobserved,  unno- 

uiibequem  (*"*•-),  adj.  with  dat.  incon- 
venient, incommodious,  uncomfortable. 

unberoeglicb  (wu-u),  adj.  or  adv.  steady, 
immovable,  motionless,  fixed. 

unb  (<*),  conj.  and. 

unetngebeuf  05-""),  adj.  with  gen.  un- 
mindful. 

Unerfcb&pft  O5"-),  adj.  unexhausted. 

lllifabtg  O5-"),  adj.  with  gen.  incapable. 

Unfa  11  (*u),  m.  -3,  -falle,  accident,  emer- 
gency. 

ungcacntet  C*VVWX  /^A  w'^  Sen-  or 
dat.  in  spite  of,  notwithstanding. 

ungefabr  C***-),  adv.  about,  not  far  from. 

ltngcbalten  i^^^^),adj.  or  adv.  unheld, 
unrestrained.     —  fiber,  displeased  at. 

uiigefebicft  (iuu),  adj.  or  adv.  awkward. 

ungefunb  (,5wv),  adj.  unwholesome. 

uiigliicFltcb  (*VWX  *4J'  or  adv.  unfortun- 
ate.   — er  SBetie,  unluckily. 

uuglucffeltg  (*M*-WX  adj.  or  adv.  nn* 
lucky. 

UngliicFdfafl  (•**»»),  m.  -§,  -fafie,  fatal 
accident. 

unboflieb  O5-"),  adj.  or  adv.  discourteous. 

itiifiuicig  ('ivv),  adj.  with  gen  unac- 
quainted with. 

unmoglid)  («-«  or  **-"),  «<#.  impossible. 

unrecbt  (<*  v),  #^A  or  arfz/.  wrong. 

llnredit  (^w),  «.  -3,  («tf  /^.),  wrong,  error, 
fault.    —  baben,  be  (in  the)  wrong. 

uttregelma'tiig  0*-w-w),  adj.  irregular. 

unrdf  (*-),  adj.  unripe. 


Uttftfjufotg. 


329 


©crpltnifetoort. 


unfdmlbtg  O5""),  adj.  innocent. 

i.  unfcr  (<5v/),  poss.  adj.  our.    (54,  2.) 

a.  unfcr  (^w),  £*«.  //.  of  id).  (35.) 

unfer(c)tbalben  (*w(v)M*$i  \    adv.   on 

uufcr(c)ttt»cgcn  (^ "(")-"),    J-    our   ac- 

un  fcr(c)ttt)i  He  n  (^  u(«)wu),  J  count  or 
behalf. 

Unf(e)rtg  (^M"),  j^J.  /r.  {always  pre- 
ceded by  def.  art.),  ours.    (185.) 

Ultfr ,  contraction  for  uttfer 

lUtten  (>5w),  adv.  below,  down. 

Ulltcr  05"),  adv.  and  seflble  or  insefble 
prefix,  also  prep,  with  dat.  or  accus.  un- 
der, among.  —  anbern,  amongst  other 
things.   (316;  316,  5.) 

untcrbred)en  (»»*<* v^  -brad),  -broken, 
tr.  insep.  interrupt. 

Untcrbcft  (-ffen)  ^*"*,  «*«**»»),  adv.  in  the 
mean  time. 

untergchen  (,5w-w),  -ging,  -gegangen, 
z#^r.  sep.  f.  sink,  fall,  perish,  become 
ruined. 

ttutcrbalb  (%5uu),  /r*/.  with  gen.  or  dat. 
below. 


r.  uiitcrhaltcn  (*"«"),  -bielt,  -gebalten, 
tr.  sep.  hold  under. 

2.  unterhalteu  (w^w^  -bielt,  -batten,  *V. 
insep.  entertain,  amuse,  fid)  — ,  en- 
tertain or  amuse  one's  self. 

UiitcrnebmcM  (v/w-u),  n.  -§,  — ,  under- 
taking. 

Untcrr id)t  (*VVX  w-  _3,  -construction, 
tuition. 

untcrr tcfoten  0**"*v)i  *"•  *«•*?/•  teach. 

uutcrftutjen  (wv^^  &.  t«j^j.  support, 
aid,  assist. 

untcrfud)cn  (vvz-v),tr.  insep.  examine. 

untcrn>cg(c)$  (w"-(w),   )  adv.  on  the  way, 

unterni cgcn(3)  (w  « - «), J        *«  rowte. 

uttoer  batil  id)  (""-"),  «<#'.  indigestible. 

unt>crhetrat(h)ct  (<••«  —  «),  unmarried. 

ltm>orfid)tig  Pf-v*),  improvident. 

Uittuoiil  05-),  adj.  unwell,  ill,  indisposed. 
e§  ift  mir  — ,  I  am  (feel)  ill. 

UniVOhlfcin  (*--),  «.  -5,  (no  pi.),  indis- 
position, illness. 

unroiirbtg  05"0),  #<#'.  o*-  «&».  unworthy. 

Utt)ufrtcben  (*— «»),  «<#".  discontented. 


SB. 


oacant  (w-*5),  fe^r )     ..         , 

„      .}       '  ( adj.  or  adv.  vacant, 

oaf  ant  (z>-*),  ' 

Safe  (v-z"),f.  -n,  vase. 

aSatcr  C/*"i  w.  -6,  Sater,  father.  (367.) 

aSatcrlanb  (f-vv),  «.  -c3,  -e  or-Ianber, 

fatherland. 
33etld)cn  (_/"-"),  «.  -8,  — ,  violet. 
ocrdnberlid)    (Z"4"-),    «<#.    or    adv. 

changeable. 
ocranflaltcn  (Z"5"-),  *r.  arrange. 
33erb  (v*),  n.  -3,  -en,  verb, 
ocrbetften  (/k/Zv),  -bifc,  -biffen,  tr.  sup- 
press, stifle,  smother. 
ocrbeffern  (/w>5u),  *r.  improve, 
oerbtnben  (f^"5^),  -banb,  -bunben,  tr. 

oblige,  cinem  oerbunben  fetn,  be  obliged 

to  one. 
ocrbrcttcn  (fv-v),  tr.  spread  abroad. 
oerbad)tig  (/"**$  <*#•   ^  «^-,  «#* 

/■(?«.  of  thing,  dat.  of  person,  suspected 

of. 
CcrbcdP  (/"*),  «.  -»,  -e,  deck,    auf  bem 

— ,  on  deck. 


oerbcrben  (/w,5v),  -barb,  -borben,  tr.  or 
intr.  f.  spoil. 

oerborben  (fv,iv),  Past  part,  of  uerbcrs 
ben,  spoiled,  tainted. 

oerfiigcn  (/"-"),  tr.  or  intr.  dispose. 

oergangen  (fv,iv),  past  part,  of  ocrges 
ben,  past.    — e  Sftadjt,  last  night. 

SSergangenheft  (/w,5w-),  /  -en,  past 
(tense). 

oergeben  (/«-w),  -gab,  -geben,  tr.  for- 
give. 

oergebenS  (fv~v),  adv.  in  vain. 

oergeffen  (/"*«),  -ga§,  -geffen,  *r.  forget. 

93crgt#mcinntd)t  (/«<*-*'),  «.  -(e)§,  -e 
or  -3  ;  often  indecl.,  forget-me-not 
(flower). 

aScrgniigcn  (/«-«),  n.  -§,  — ,  satisfac- 
tion, pleasure.   —  mad)  en,  give  pleasure. 

ocrgniigt  (/«-),  adj.  or  adv.  delighted, 
pleased,  satisfied. 

nergr&fcern  (/u-w),  tr.  enlarge. 

aSerbaltnt^nJort  (/^««),  «.  -e§,  -er 
preposition  or  adverb. 


toerirrcn. 


330 


tiiermol. 


ecrtrrctt  {f*-"0*),  refl.  lose  one's  way. 

SSerfauf  (/w-),  m.  -e§, -laufe,  sale. 

ocrfaufen  {/v-v),  tr.  sell. 

©erf  cl)r  C/w  -),  ni.  -§,  {no pi.),  intercourse. 

oerlangcrn  (/M*v)i  6*.  prolong. 

ocrlaffcn  (/«^),  -Uefj,  -laffen,  *r. 
leave ;  refl.  {with  cwf),  depend  on. 

ocrlieren  (/"-«), -lor, -loren,  tr.  lose. 

aScrluft  (/uv5),  •»•  -e§,  -e,  loss.  6ei— , 
on  pain  of  losing. 

oermctben  (/w-u),  -mieb,  -tnteben,  tr. 
avoid. 

oermict(h)en  (/"-«),  tr.  let. 

oermifd)Cn  {fv<,yj),  tr.  mix,  mingle. 

Oerintfd)t  {f^^),  adj.  or  part,  mingled. 

oertntttclS,  -ft  (/u%iw),  /n?/.  with  gen. 
by  means  of. 

oernuuicn  (/«-»),  -mocbte,  -mocbt,  *r. 
be  able  to,  can. 

23c  r  mini  en  (/"-"),  «.  -§,  — ,  ability; 
power;  property. 

t>eruad)(af?igen  (/v-uuu),  tr.  neglect. 

turiicnmcn  (/v-u),  -nabm,  -notnmen, 
tr.  hear. 

oernctgen  (./"-"),  r«f/f.  bow. 

33crorfcnung  (/v"5w),  /.  -en,  order, 
regulation. 

ocrpflcgcn  (/«-"),  -pflog,  -pflogen,  *r. 
take  care  of,  provide  for,  support,  feed. 

©erfammtung  {/" z^^),/. -en, assembly. 

Dcrfdttmru  {f^z-^),  tr.  neglect. 

ocrfdjtcben  {flj£-v),  -fcf»ob, -fdjoben,  post- 
pone. 

DCrfd)tcben  (./"-"),  adj.  or  adv.  differ- 
ent, various,  several  ;  as  noun,  33erfcl)tes 
beneS,  different  things,  miscellany. 

oerfd)lingen  {fl"*"),  -fd)lang,  -fdjlun* 
gen,  tr.  swallow  up. 

oerfd)lud*cn  {fl"s,yj),  tr.  swallow  up,  gulp 
down. 

ocrfd)&ncrn  (/^-v),  tr.  embellish. 

Ocrfd)n)Cnbeu  {/yj^yJ),  *r.squander,spend. 

ocrfd)ttJtnbcn  (/*"*v),  -fdjtoanb,  -fdjroun* 
ben,  intr.  f.  disappear. 

eerfeben  {f»z-^),  -far),  -fe&en,  refl. 
provide,  foresee  ;  with  gen.  or  ace.  be 
aware  of,  expect. 

oerftdjern  {/vz^^),  tr.  assure. 

oerfiegcn  {f^z-^),  intr.  f.  become  ex- 
hausted, dry  up. 

Oerforgen  (/"z4"),  tr.  care  for,  provide. 


oerfptelen  (/"-w),  tr.  gamble  away. 

oerfpredjen  C/"u,5w),  -fprad),  -f proven, 
tr.  promise. 

9Serfpred)en  (/w,5w))  «.  -§,  — ,  promise. 

oerftcillfcUd)  (_/*"%5w),  adj.  or  adv.  intelli- 
gible, fid}  —  ntadjen,  make  one's  self 
understood. 

aScrftecf  (/w(5),  m.  («.)  -§,  -e,  hiding; 
hiding-place. 

SSerftecffpiel  (/uv5-),  n.  -§,  -e,  hide-and- 
seek. 

oerfteljen  {f"-^),  -ftanb,  -ftanben,  un- 
derstand, comprehend. 

oerftetgern  {/"-"),  fr*.  sell  by  auction. 

aSerftetgerung  C/V*vw),  /  -en,  auc- 
tion, sale. 

oerfud)en  (/wz-u),  *r.  try. 

oerttlgen  {/^"iu))  tr.  destroy. 

Sertrauen  (/u-u),  n.  -§,  («<?  //.),  confi- 
dence. 

oertreiben  (/w-w),  -trieb,  -trieben,  tr. 
drive  away,  fid)  bie  3eit  — ,  while 
away  one's  time. 

oerurfad)en  {/v-vv),  tr.  cause. 

oerroanbcln  {f"*^),  tr.  change. 

9Sern>anbte(r)  (y"u,5w),  m.  decl.  as  adj., 
relation. 

ocrrof  nben  (/w<5u),  -roanbte,  -roanbt,  tr. 
turn  away,  convert,  put  to  use.  —  auf, 
devote  to. 

95crn>trrung  (/»"*»*),  /■  -en,  confusion. 

oernumbet  {fv*v),  adj.  wounded. 

oer^agt  {/"-),  adj.  timid. 

oerichren  (./"-")»  tr.  consume,  devour, 
eat. 

oer;cM)en  (/w-v),  -Jtet),  -aieben,  tr. 
pardon. 

©cr*etl)ung  {/v-v),  f.  -en,  pardon,  eis 
nen  um  —  bitten,  beg  one's  pardon. 

ocrjt'eheu  (/w-w),  -jog,  -jogen,  draw 
away,  distort.  ba§  ©efidjt  getoaltig  — , 
make  a  mighty  wry  face. 

oerjtereit  (/"-"),  tr.  adorn. 

©erjug  {/"*),  m.  -3,  -jiige,  delay. 

SBetter  (fiv),  »«•  -§,  -R#  cousin,  relative. 

Otel  (-),  «<#.  or  adv.  much,  many,  fo  — 
id)  roetf},  so  far  as  I  know.  —  ©elb, 
plenty  of  money,     fo  —  al3,  the  same  as. 

t>ic\Uid)t  (--),  adv.  orconj.  perhaps. 

oter  (_/"-),  num.  four. 

otcrmal  {/--),  adv.  four  times. 


Uteri. 


331 


tuiiflcu 


Oicrt  (/-),  num.  adj.  fourth. 
t»tcrt(e)halb  (/-(w)u),   num.   adj.   three 

and  a  half. 
©tertd  (/-"),  n.  -§,  — ,  quarter,     brci 

—  auf  jroei,  a  quarter  to  two. 
oferjehn  (/--),  fourteen. 
oter;ebnt  (/--),  num.  adj.  fourteenth, 
oterjig  (/-u),  num.  forty. 

oic v^rtft  (/-v),  num.  adj.  fortieth. 

»tlla  (**«),/  Stffett,  villa. 

aSogcI  (/Zw),  >«•  -§,  SBogel,  fowl,  bird. 

aS6gcId)CH  (/-""),      |  «•  -*,  —    little 

3Sog(e)Idn  (/-  (-)-),  \  bird. 

Sogclneft  (/-ww),  n.  -e3,  -er,  bird's- 
nest. 

Doll  (y*5),  «<#•  or  adv.  full,  complete. 

ooUbrtngen  (/uv5w),  -oracfyte,  -bradfjt, 
/r.  insep.  accomplish,  perform,  effect. 

OOHer  i/*0"),  adj.,  indecl.  and  used  in 
predicate  before  a  noun,  and  withotit 
article,  full. 

oongieflenC/^-^X-go^-gofjen^r.fillup. 

OoUtg  if'*"),  adj.  or  adv.  full,  complete. 

OoUfommen  (f^"5^,  adj.  or  adv.  per- 
fect, complete. 

00flfd)Utten  if"*^),  tr.  insep.  to  fill  up. 

OOUftaubtg  (f^w),  adj.  or  adv.  com- 
plete. 

oom  =  t>on  bent. 

OOlt  (f^),  prep,  with  dat.  from,  of ;  by ; 
concerning,  in  respect  to,  about,  con 
au§,  out  of. 

©or  {/-),  adv.  and  sep.  prefix,  before ; 
prep,  with  dat.  or  ace.  before  (in  place  or 
time),  for,  on  account  of,  because  of, 
with;  from,  against,  ago  (in  specifica- 
tions of  time).  —  Mite,  for  cold  (i.  e. 
on   account   of).     —  8orn/  with   anger. 

—  3eiten,  a  long  time  since.     Ijeute  — 
adjt  lagen,  a  week  ago  to-day. 

oorcmgehen  if-*-"),  -ging,  -gegangen, 
intr.  go  or  walk  before,  lead  the  way. 

OOl'auSgefcljt  (/--wu),  part,  and  adj. 
provided. 

OOt'bet  (./--),  adv.  and  sep"1  ble  prefix ,  past. 


oorbinreii  (fSsjv),  -Banb,  -gebunben,  tr. 

put  on. 
oorfcrmgen  (/-ww),  -brang,  -gebrungen, 

intr.  f.  press  forward. 
oorfaUcn  (/-""),  -ftel,  -gefalten,  intr.  f. 

fall  forwards ;  happen,  occur,  take  place. 
oorflcficrn  (_/-""),  day  before  yesterday. 
OOrher  (--or--),  adv.  and  sep'' ble  pre* 

fix,  beforehand,  previously. 
oorbergebeitc  C/---u),  adj.  foregoing, 

PRECEDING. 

oorbjn  (fi-'i,  sometimes /-v),  adv.  alittle 

while  ago. 
oortg  (f-v),  adj.  former,  preceding,  last, 
oortommen  C/-ww),  -lam,  -gefommen, 

intr.  \.  occur,  appear. 
oorlefen  (/--"),  -la§,  -gelefen,  read  be- 
fore or  for  any  one,  read  aloud. 
SSorlefung  (/--v),f.  -en,  lecture. 
OONt(e)  (fi0^),  adv.  in  front, 
women m    (/--),    adj.    or    adv.    distin- 
guished. 
oornebmen  (f--v),  reflex,  -naljm,  -ge« 

nomnten,  intend. 
93orfa$  (f-z"),  m.  -e§,  -atje,  proposal, 

intention,  purpose,  mit  — ,  on  purpose. 
95orfd)lag  {/-^  or /--),  m.  -<o,  -fcf)ldge, 

proposal,  proposition. 
oorfefordten  (/--w),  -fd)ritt,  -gefefiritten, 

intr.  f.  advance. 
9Sorft'd)t  (/-  z"),  /.  precaution. 
oorf«d)ttg  C/-2"«),^'.cautious,provident. 
oorfpred)en  (/-«"),  -fpratfi, -gefprodjen, 

intr.  make  a  call. 
Sorftebcr  (f--v),  m.  -§,  — ,  principal, 

head-master. 
OOrfreHcn  (/-uu),  tr.  present,  introduce; 

refl.  imagine,  conceive. 
OOrtreff  I  id)  (/-^^  orfi-"^^),  adj.  or  adv. 

excellent. 
00 ruber  (/-  -"),  adj.  and  sepJble  prefix, 

along  by,  past,  over. 
oornmrtS  (fi0^),  adv.  forward, 
oorjiehen  (/-^-«),   -jog,   -gejogen,   tr. 

prefer. 


2$. 


toad)  05),  adj.  or  adv.  awake. 
toadKM  O5^),  intr.  wake. 
toad)fen  (^kss^),  wutyZ,  gerood)fen,  intr. 
f.  grow, 


2Bad)tpofren  0s  ww),  m.  -§,  — ,  sentinel, 
toacfer  05"),  adj.  or  adv.  valiant,  brave; 

stout. 
toageit  (-u),  tr.  risk,  venture,  dare. 


SBogcn. 


332 


toettigfleng. 


SBagen  (-«),  m.  -§,  — ,  carriage. 

10 able  11  (-u),  tr.  choose,  select,  pick  out. 

toahr  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  true,  nicbt  — ? 
(is  it)  not  true  ? 

TOahrenfc  (-v),  prep,  with  gen.  during; 
conj.  while,  whilst.     (317.) 

toahrhaftig  (-*«),  adv.  truly,  certainly, 
actually. 

SOahrfd)etnUd)  (--w),  adj.  or  adv.  prob- 
able, — bly. 

2Balfc  (<*),  m.  -e§,  SB&Iber,  forest.     (374.) 

2Balbtocg  (<•-),  w.  -C§,  -C,  wood-path, 
road  #r  path  in  a  forest. 

toalfd)  («*),  «<a^'.  £»r  «<&>.  foreign,  outland- 
ish.   — er  §abn,  turkey. 

toal^cti  05"),  fc".  cause  to  roll;  r<yf.  roll, 
revolve. 

toatibclu  05"),  intr.  6.  <?r  f.  go,  walk, 
move,  proceed. 

SBanbercr  (,5«u),  m.  -§,  — ,  traveller. 

toaubcrn  (^w),  »«rtr.  f.,  rarely  b.,  wan- 
der, rove,  travel. 

nmnfcit  (^«),  z'wi'r.  ft.  <?rf.  stagger,  totter, 
bin  unb  ber  — ,  totter  to  and  fro. 

rocmn  05),  adv.  (interrog?)',  when  ? 

War  (-),  imperf.  ind.  of  feill. 

ton  vm  (*),  adj.  or  adv.  (toarmer,  roarmft), 
warm. 

SBarnung  (^),  /.  -en,  warning. 

toartcn  (v5u),  intr.  wait;  (gently  with  auf, 
rarely  with  gen.)  wait  for. 

toavum  (-^),  aafo.  or  conj.  why?  equal  to 
lltn  with  governed  accusative  tt>a3,  toels 
d)e<S,  ba3,  £&:.,  either  in  interrog.  or  rel. 
sense. 

toa$  (^),pron.,  interrog.  or  relat.,  what, 
which,  that  which;  for  toarum,  inter- 
rog1 ly,  why.  —  fitr,  what  sort  of,  what 
kind  of,  what !  (in  exclamatory  sentences 
modifying  an  adjective). 

loafdu'ii  (<*«),  untfd),  getoafeben,  tr.  wash. 

2Baffer  0*w),  n.  -§,  — ,  water. 

toecfen  j***),  tr.  wake  up,  awake. 

to  C  ber  (-w),  conj.  neither;  with  followrg 
nod),  nor. 

2Beg  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  way.  auf  bem  — , 
on  the  way. 

toeg  (-),  adv.  and  sep'ble  prefix,  away. 

tocgen  (-"),  prep,  with  gen.  on  account  of. 

toegfommen  (-«"),  -tarn,  -gefommen, 
intr.  f.  get  off,  escape. 


loeglaufeu  (■*■-  «),  -lief,  -gelaufen,  intr.  f. 

run  away, 
tocguehmen  (--J),  -nabm,  -genommen, 

*r.  take  away. 
toegfcfttcJen  (-uu),  <r.  send  away, 
toegjtehen  (--"),  -jog,  -gejogen,  tr.  pull 

off. 
2Beh  (-),  n.  -e3,  —  <?r  -e  or  -en,  woe, 

pain.     —  tbltn,  with  dat.,  give  pain  to, 

hurt. 
ioel)(e)    (-(w),    interj.    woe!    alas!     oh! 

#d£?'.  or  adv.  sad,  painful. 
toeid)  (-),  adj.  or  adv.   weak,  soft.     — 

gefotten,  soft-boiled. 
2Betbe  (~v),f  -"/  pasture. 
toetgern  (-v),  refl.  refuse. 
SBetgeruug  (-""),  f  -en,  refusal. 
2Betgerung$faU  (■*WMV,)>  *«. -e§:  im— e, 

in  case  of  refusal. 
aSethnacht  (-"),/  gen'ly  pi.  2Beibnad> 

ten,  Christmas. 
tocil  (-),  a?«/.  because. 
2Betn  (-),  m.  -e§,  -e,  wine. 
toe  in  en  (-"),  ^r.  tfr  intr.  weep,  cry. 
SBeinhdnbler  (-ww),    m.  -3,  — ,  wine- 
merchant. 
2Bctfe  (-w),  y!   -n,   wise,  manner,     auf 

roelcbe  — e  ?  in  what  way  ? 
roetft  (-),  «^>'. white. 
toe  it  (-),  adj.  or  adv.  wide;  far.    bet 

— em,  by  far. 
toetter  (-v),  adj.  wider,  farther,    unb  fo 

— ,  and  so  forth. 
2Beiterretfen  (-«-"),  «.  -§,  — ,  continua- 
tion of  a  journey.    e<3  ift  Qeit  junt  — ,  it  is 

time  to  proceed,  go  on. 
2Betjen  (-w),  m.  -§,  wheat, 
toe  Id)  (<*),  interrog.,  rel.  or  indef.  pron. 

(ioeld)er,  roeldje,  ioelcbe3),  which,   fold) 

meld),  such as. 

2Belte  (*«),  /  -"/  wave- 

toelfd)  jc.,-fd)cu  m  toalfd)  jc.,-fd)en. 

9SBclt  (^),  f  -en,  world,  earth. 

rocm  (-),  dat.  of  roev.  (218.) 

toen  (-),  «c<:.  ^/"  locr.  (218.) 

toeubcii  (,5w),  manbte,  geioaubt, /r.  turn. 

fid)  — ,  turn  one's  self,  address  one's  self. 
toetttg  (-"),  adj.  or  adv.  little,  few.     ein 

— ,  a  little. 
toentger  (Zwu),  adj.  or  adv.  less,  minus. 
roemgften*  (-ww),  «^.  at  least. 


town. 


333 


toofjl. 


rocttii  {*),  conj.  when,  if.    — autf), 

though,  although. 
roer  (-)»  pron.,  rel.  or  interrog.,  who,  he 

who.     (218.) 
roevben  (■*«),  rourbe,  geroorben,  intr.  f. 

become,  prove,  come  into  existence ;  as 

auxiliary,  with  infin.  forming  future, 

will,    shall,    should;     with    past   part. 

forming  passive,  be,  become.    (382.) 
roerfen  (**«),  toarf,  geroorfen,  tr.  throw. 
28ert$eug  (*-),  n.  -e§,  -e,  tool. 
roert(ft)  (z),  adj.  or  adv.  with  gen.  or  dat. 

worth,  worthy,  valued. 

ntV^\,  x  \  sen.  of  roer,  was.    (218.) 
roeffen  05 "), ) 

roe^halb  (w<5),        \adv.  or  conj.  where- 

me%me$tn  (w-u),  >       fore. 

2Beft  05),  wz.  -e§,  west. 

SBefte  (*w),  /.  -n,  vest,  waistcoat. 

2Beften  (*«),  iw.  -3,  west. 

rocftlid)  (***),  a^'.  <?r  «^z/.  westerly. 

28eflrotub  (*w),  *«.  -e§,  -e,  west-wind. 

2Better  (***),  «.  -3,  — ,  weather. 

2BI)ift  {ouissl  or  visst),  n.  (m.)  -§,  whist. 
cine  ^Sartte  — ,  a  game  of  whist. 

n)id)tt(?  (**»),  adj.  or  adv.  weighty,  im- 
portant. 

roicfeln  (*v),-<ir.  wrap  up,  envelop. 

SHJtfcber  05"),  *«•  -3,  — ,  ram. 

totbcr  (-w),  «^.  and  sefible  or  insep"1  ble 
prefix,  again,  anew;  prep,  with  ace. 
against. 

rotberballen  (-**.*«  <?r  *«*wv),  z«/r.  z'#^. 
or  $*/.  resound,  reecho. 

rotberfe$en  {-^z^^),  rejl.  with  dat.,  or 
rarely  gegert ;  insep.  oppose,  resist. 

rotberfpredjen  (-u,iu),  -jpradj,  -fprod^en, 
intr.  with  dat.  contradict,  speak 
against. 

2Biberftanb  (-wu),  m.  -§,  {no  pi.),  re- 
sistance, withstanding. 

rotberfteheii  (-u-w),  intr.  with  dat., 
insep.,  resist,  withstand. 

tt>te  (-),  adv.  {interrog),  how?  conj.  {rel.), 
as,  like,  when.  —  roenn,  as  if.  —  nen* 
nen  ©ie  btefeS  SMng?  what  do  you  call 
this  thing?  —  Diet  Ufyv  ift  e§?  what 
time  is  it  ? 

roteber  (-w),  adv.  again. 

roteberholen  (-"-"),  tr.  insep.  repeat. 

2Bteberfefor  {-v-),f{no  pi.),  return. 


roteberfommen  (-www),  intr.  \.  return, 
roteotelft   (--),  adj.  {with  def  art),  of 

what  number?    ber  —  ift  fyeute?  what 

day  of  the  month  is  to-day  ? 
rot  lb  05),  adj.  or  adv.  wild. 

2Btlhelm  0*wfc  m.  -#,  William. 

milieu  05"):  urn nriUen,  a  preposi- 
tional phrase,  with  genitive  interposed, 
for  the  sake  of.     (318.) 

toilKommen  i*"6"),  <*4j-  or  adv.  wel- 
come. 

2Btnb  if),  m.  -e§,  -e,  wind,  breeze. 

rotttbig  05"),  adj.  or  adv.  windy. 

28 i life  1  (>*«),  w.  -§,  — ,  (inner)  corner, 
angle. 

ro  tit  fen  05'-'),  intr.  wink,  give  a  sign  or 
nod. 

2Btnter  05"),  m.  -§,  — ,  winter. 

2BtnterFletb  O5"-),  n.  -3,  -er,  winter- 
dress. 

2Btnterrocf  (*»»WX  *«.  -e§,  -rMe,  win- 
ter-coat. 

rotr  (-),  nom.  pi.  of  id).     (35.) 

aOBtrfcn  (^w),  «.  -§,  {no  pi.),  working, 
labor. 

rotrfltd)  (^u),  adj.  or  adv.  actual,  real, 
verily,  indeed ! 

2Btrtltd)feit  (<*»-),  /  -en,  {no  pi.), 
reality. 

2Btrt(h)  (*),  m.  -§,  -e,  host,  inn-keeper. 

2Btrt(b)tn  (*")#,/  -nen,  hostess. 

28trt(b)$fhtbe  05-"),  /  -n,  traveller's 
room  (at  an  inn),  public  room. 

rotffen  ("•«),  roufjte,  genuifct,  tr.  know. 

roo  (-),  adv.  {interrog.),  where  ?  conj. 
{relat.),  where,  when. 

2Bud)e  0*")j  /  -n,  week. 

roofem  {-'i),  conj.  in  case  of. 

roofiir  (-  -),  adv.  {interrog. ,  relat.),  where- 
fore, for  what,  for  which. 

2Boge  (-"),  f.  -n,  wave. 

roo I)er  (--),  adv.  {interrog),  or  conj. 
{relat.),  whither. 

roohtn  (-**)»  orfz'.  {interrog.),  or  conj.  {rel- 
ative), whither. 

roohl  (-),  adv.  well,  in  good  manner  or 
degree ;  often  {with  less  distinct  enun- 
ciation) used  to  make  a  statement  less 
definite,  and  to  be  rendered,  indeed,  to 
be  sure,  perhaps,  I  presume,  I  suppose, 
or  $he  like,     le&en  Ste  — !  farewell! 


tooljlan. 


334 


jerrcifeen. 


tool)  I  a  It  (-,5)i  inter j.  of  encouragemejit, 
well !  come  on ! 

2Bohlgerud)  (-uu),  *«.  -e§,  -riid^e,  per- 
fume. 

toohlrtedicitp  (--°),  «^'.  fragrant. 

2Boblthater  (-i-^),  »*.  -3,  — ,  (/.  -in), 
benefactor,  well-doer,  one  who  ren- 
ders a  service  or  kindness. 

roobltbdtig  (--w),  adj.  beneficent, 
charitable. 

too  (men  (-w),  intr.  dwell,  reside. 

2B  oh  tiling  (-«),  /.  -en,  dwelling. 

SBohugimmer  (-uw),  «•  -§,  — ,  sitting- 
room. 

2Bolf  (<*),  m.  -§,  2B5Ifc,  wolf. 

aBolfe  0*w),/  -n.  cloud. 

3Bolle  (*«),/  -n,  wool. 

i.  tooUcn  {?^),adj.  woolen. 

2.  toollett  (<5w),  tr.,  modal  auxiliary •,  will, 
be  willing,  wish,  want,  be  inclined, 
pretend,  desire,  be  on  the  point  (of  some- 
thing), be  about ;  often  with  the  depend- 
ent verb  omitted,  and  to  be  rendered 
will  go,  wish  for,  want,  or  the  like. 
(385.) 

tt> or  (-)  =  too  (used  instead  of  TOO  in  com- 


position with  prepositions  beginning  with 
a  vowel). 

toorauf  (--),  adv.  (interrog.),  or  conj. 
(relat.),  whereupon. 

toorilt  (-^),  adv.  (interrog.),  or  conj. 
(relat.),  wherein,  in  which. 

2Bort  (f),  n.  -e§,  -e  (words  connectedly, 
as  a  sentence),  or  SBot'ter  (words  discon- 
nectedly), word.  —  balten,  keep  one's 
word. 

loom  (--),  adv.  (interrog.),  or  conj. 
(relat.),  whereto,  to  what  purpose,  why. 

2Buncer  O5"),  «.  -#,  — ,  wonder,  miracle. 

toimperbar  (*w-)j  adj.  or  adv.  wonder- 
ful, wondrous,  marvellous,  strange. 

toiinfccrjam  (*w-)j  adj.  or  adv.  =  tonn? 
bevbar. 

tounoerfd)on  {*»*-),  adj.  most  beautiful, 
very  handsome. 

2Bunfd)  (t),  m.  -e3,  SBiinfcbe,  wish. 

to  tin  f  chen  (<•*),  tr.  wish,  want. 

toiirbe  (*"),  imperf  subj.  of toerben. 

toitrbtg  (v5w),  adj.  or  adv.  worthy  (oi,gen.) 

toiirbtgen  (*"»'),  tr.  consider  worthy  (of, 
gen.). 

2But(h)  (-),  /  rage. 


Xerel,  see  3ere§. 


3e. 

i 


3< 


gagen  (-u),  intr.  be  afraid,  tremble. 
3ahl  (-),/  -en,  number,  figure. 
gtihlen  (-«),  tr.  count, 
jablretcb  (--),  adj.  numerous. 
3ab(ung  (-yj),f  -en,  payment. 
SahlungSeinfteUnng  (-w-wu),  /  -en, 

suspension  of  payment. 
3abn  (-),  m.  -e§,  3<ibne,  tooth. 
3ahnarjt  (*v  or  ^-),   m.   -e3,   -arjte, 

dentist. 
Sabntoel)  (■£-),  n.  -e§,  -e  or  -en,tooth- 

ache. 
geb(e)n  (-("),  num.  ten. 
jel)(c)nmal  (-(")-),  «^.  ten  times. 
jcb(e)nt  (-(w),  ««>«.  adj.  tenth. 
Seidmcn  (■s«),  «.  -§,  (no pi.),  drawing. 
getgen  (-«),  tr.  show, 
tfetger  (-w),  m.  -§,  — ,  hand  (of  a  watch). 


3eit  (-),  /  -en,  time,    oor  —en,  long  ago. 

oor  eintger  — ,  some  time  ago.    in  ber 

lefcten  — ,  of  late,  ju  gletdjer  — ,  at  the 

same  time. 
Seitfonn  (-"),/  -en,  tense-form,  tense. 
3ettung  (-"),  /  -en,  news,  newspaper. 
3ettoerfd»oenoiing    (-/"ww)>  /    _en' 

waste  of  time. 
Seitoertreib  (-w-),  m.  -3,  -e,  pastime. 

jum  — ,  as  a  pastime. 
3eitroort  (-«),  n.  -e§,  -e  or  -toorter,  verb. 
Sentner  (•*•),  nt.  -§,  — ,  hundred-weight, 

quintal. 
jerbredKit  C"**'),  -brad),  -brocfien,  tr.  or 

intr.  \.  break  in  pieces. 
jerbrod)cn  (0>5u),  Part,  or  adj.  broken, 
jerreiflen  (*"*«),  -rifc,  -riflen,  tr.  tear  in 

pieces,  rend  asunder. 


jerriffett. 


335 


jtoar. 


gerriffen  {y6^),  part,  or  adv.  rent,  torn. 

gerftoren  ("■*"),  tr.  destroy. 

gerfltreucn  (u-u),  tr.  scatter  apart,  dis- 
perse. 

gerftreut  («-),  adj.  absent-minded. 

8eug  (-),  n.  {or  m.)  -e§,  -e,  material. 

3euge  (**»),  w.  -n,  -n,  witness. 

gtefoen  ('«),  jog,  gegogen,  tr.  draw;  z'«z?r. 
f.  remove. 

g  tent  Itch  (-w),  «^\  or  adv.  tolerable,  — bly, 
quite,  rather.    —  gut,  pretty  good. 

Stfferblatt  (iuu),  n.  -e3,  -blatter,  dial- 
plate.    (375.) 

Simmer  (*»),  «.  -§,  — ,  room,  jum  — 
btnau§  !  out  of  the  room ! 

gfttern  05"),  intr.  tremble. 

gttternb  (<*  w),  /ar/.  or  «<#.  trembling. 

gogern  (-u),  **/r.  linger,  hesitate. 

Singling  (-«),  w.  -§,  -e,  pupil. 

i.  Soil  W,  m.  -e8,  Sottc,  toll. 

2.  Soil  (<*),  m.  -c§,  -e,  inch. 

Sollfrethcit  (<* — ),./!  -en,  exemption  from 
toll. 

Sollncr  {*«),  m.  -8,  — ,  toll-gatherer. 

goolcgtfd)  (-W-^"A«),  adj.  zoological. 

gotttg  (*"),  a^f.  shaggy. 

gU  (-),  #«?z\  a«rf  sep'ble  prefix,  to ;  VfKt 
an  adj.  or  adv.  too ;  prep,  with  dat. 
to  ;  in  addition  to  ;  at,  in  ;  for ;  on  ;  as 
sign  of  the  infin.  to.     (315,  4.) 

gubriugen  (-««),  -bmdjte,  -gebrad)t,  tr. 
spend  (of  time). 

Surfer  (**»),  w.  _gf  — #  sugar. 

guerft  (--),  tfi/z'.  first. 

gufdlltg  (-ww),  «<#.  accidental;  adv. 
by  chance  or  accident ;  accidentally. 

gufolge  (-*"),  j*r*g».  with  gen.  or  dat.  ac- 
cording to. 

gufrteben  (--w),  «<#'.  or  «<&/.  content, 
satisfied,  id)  bin  e§  — ,  well  and  good, 
it  is  the  same  to  me,  I  am  satisfied  with 
it. 

gufrteren  (■*-«),  -fror,  -gefroren,  intr.  f. 
freeze  up  or  over. 

3ug  (*  or  •*),  m.  -e§,  giige,  drawing,  pull, 
tug  ;  lineament,  feature,  trait  ;  train. 

gugeben  (--«),  -gab,  -gegeben,  tr.  give 
to,  admit. 

guglct  di  (-■«),  adv.  at  the  same  time. 

gufooren  (--  w),  intr.  with  dat.  listen  to. 

gulefct  (-<*),  adv.  at  last. 


gum  (*),  contraction  of  JU  bem. 
gumacfocn  (-ww),  *r.  close,  shut. 
gur  (-  or  ^),  contraction  of  JU  ber. 
gure  d)t(e)   (-^M,   flio.  aright,    jtd^  — 

finben,  find  one's  way. 
gurttd'(e)  (-*("X  "^  aw^  sefible  Prefix, 

back. 
gurueffaforett  (-^-w),  -fu^r,  -gefabren, 

?'«/r.  f.  drive  back,  return. 
guriitffitegen  (->*-«),   -flog,   -geflogen, 

intr.  f.  fly  back. 
gurucfgeben  (-,5-u),  -gab, -gegeben,  jfr. 

give  back,  restore, 
gttrttcf  feforen  (-*-*0l>  *■*•«  f»  return, 
gurucffommen  (-*««), -fam, -getommen, 

*«/r.  f.  come  back,  return. 
guritcflaufen   (-*-»),  -lief,    -gelaufen, 

intr.  f.  run  back. 
gurucffdjtcfen  (-,5wu),  ^r.  send  back. 
gurucf  gtefoen  f-*-*),  -jog,  -gejogen,  tr. 

retract,  withdraw,  pull  back. 
gurufen  (z-v),  -rief,  -gerufen,  intr.  with 

dat.  call  out  to. 
gufagen  (-z-w),  tr.  promise;    intr.  con- 
sent; impers.  suit. 
gufammen  («z^«),  <**&/.  #«</  j<?/}.  prefix, 

together. 
gufammengefegt   (-z^«z«),    /aW.    or 

adj.  composed. 
gufainmenfe$en  (-2*«2"«),  set  or  put 

together,  compound. 
gufammentreffen  (-z&»w),  -traf,  -qe* 

troffen,  intr.  f.  meet. 
gufd)Ue£en  (--«),  -fdjlofe,  -gefcfjloffen,  *r. 

shut,  close. 
gufdjretten  (--w),   -fcbrttt,  -gefdjrttten, 

/w/r.  f .  march  on. 
gtifefoenb(S)  (-z-w),  adv.  visibly. 
gutrd'gltd)  (--v),  a*#.  or  adv.  beneficial, 

conducive. 
guoorf  onttnen  (- - » «),  -lam,  -gefommen, 

z'w^r.  f.  (w//?A  datf.),  prevent,  anticipate. 
guroetlen  (--"),  «<&>.  sometimes. 
gunuber  (-Zv),  /r^>.  w*V>&  dat.  contrary 

to. 
gnmngtg  (**»),  »«>«.  twenty, 
gtoangtgmal  05"-),  a^z/.  twenty  times. 
groangtgft  (*^X  ««*«.  a*#.  (ber,  bie,  ba§ 

jroangigfte),  twentieth, 
gtoar  (-),  adv.  or  conj.  it  is  true,  indeed, 

to  be  sure. 


gtoecf. 


336 


Stoblftel. 


Sroecf  (?),  m.  -e§,  -e,  aim,  end,  design. 

JtDCt  (■*),  num.  two. 

jroetmal  (--),  adv.  twice. 

gwett  (-),  num.  adj.  (ber,  bic,  ba§  jtoeite), 

second. 
jt©ifd)Ctt  (^^yprep.  with  dat.  or  ace.  be_ 

tween. 

StoifdjenjettO5 «-),./.  -en,  interval. 


jn>ttfd)ern  O5*'-),  intr.  twitter,  chirp. 
3>t)ttfd)crn  («5«),  ».  -§,  (w  //.),  twitter- 

ing. 
jroolf  (,i),  ««w.  twelve. 
jro&lft  05),  »««*.  «^'.  (ber,  bic,  ba§  jroolf* 

tc),  twelfth. 
Swolftd  OH,  «.  -§,  — ,  twelfth  part, 

twelfth. 


n. 


ENGLISH-GERMAN  VOCABULARY. 


The  purpose  of  this  vocabulary  is  to  enable  the  student  to  find  German  words  or  idioms 
that  he  may  be  unable  to  recall.     For  further  help  he  must  refer  to  the  German-English 
^Vocabulary,  where  most  of  them  will  be  found,  and  consult  the  references  to  the  text  of  the 
Lessons. 


a. 


a,  an,  ein,  eine. 

able  (ably),  f titjig.  be  able,  im  Stanbe 
f ein,  fomten. 

about,  prep,  uttt  (314,  3),  liber  (concern- 
ing) (316 ;  316, 3).  adv.  mnljer,  ungef Sbr, 
gcgen  (314,  2).  —  it,  bariiber,  barum 
(58). 

above,  adv.  oben.  prep,  iiber  (316,  3); 
oberbalb  {with  gen.). 

accept,  annebmen. 

accident,  ber  Unfall.  by  accident,  %w» 
fttllig.    fatal  accident,  ber  UngliidSfaE. 

accompany,  begleiten. 

accord  :  of  one's  (their)  own  — ,  oon  felbft. 

according  to,  gemafc(3l5),  jujolge(3l7). 

account:  on  — of,  balben,  balber  (317; 
318),  roegen  (317;  318).  on  my  — , 
meinetroegen,  meinetbalben.  on  his  — , 
feinetroegen,  feinetbalben,  etc.  on  that 
— ,  be§n>egen,  beSbalb. 

accuse,  cmflagen,  befcbulbtgen. 

accustom,  gerooEmen.  —  one's  self  to, 
fid)  gerobtinen  cm  (eine  <Sctd)e). 

accustomed,  geroobnt. 

acquaintance,  bie  SBefanntfcbaft. 

acquainted  with,  funbig. 

acquire,  fief)  ctneig(e)nen. 

across,  prep,  iiber  (316;  316,3). 

act,  banbeln.    —  up  to,  ctuSfiibren. 

actually,  nrirfiid),  ractbrbaftig. 

add,  binjufiigen. 


A.  almost. 

adjective,  bct§  2tbjectio. 

admire,  benmnbern. 

admit,  jugeben. 

adorn,  fdjmiicten,  oerjieren. 

advance,  tjorjdjreiten. 

advice,  ber  9tat(6). 

advise,  rctt(b)en. 

affair,  bie  Smgelegenbeit. 

afraid :  be  — ,  fiircbten.    —  of,  fidj  filrcb* 

ten  t)or  {with  dat.). 
after,  prep,  nctd)  (315).    conj.  nacbbem. 
afternoon,  ber  9}ad)mittctg. 
afterwards,  netebber,  fpater. 
again,  nneber. 
against, prep,  entgegen  (315),  gegen(3i4, 

2),  nriber  (314),  guroiber  (315). 
age,  ba§  2llter.    old  — ,  ba§  fyo^e  Sifter. 
ago,  nor  (316,  4).    a  month  — ,  nor  einent 

Sttonctt.     a  week  — ,  nor  ctcbt  £ctgen. 
agree  (with  the  health),  befommett. 
agreeable,  cmgeneljm. 
ail,  fefjlett.   (347.) 
air,  bie  Suft,  bie  2Irie  (music). 
alike  :  be  — ,  gletcben  {with  dat.). 
alive,  am  Seben. 
all,   aH,   gang.    —  his  life,  fein  ganje§ 

Seben.    —  that,  2iUe3  roa§. 
allow,  erlctuben  {with  dat.).    be  allowed, 

bur fen. 
almond,  bie  2JianbeI. 
almost,  beinctbe,  faft. 

337 


alone. 


338 


barley -sugar. 


alone,  altein. 

along-,  adv.:  bring—  with,  ntitbringen  ; 

come  —  with,  ntitf ommen ;  take  —  with, 

tmtneljmcn. 
already,  fdmn. 
also,  and). 
although,   obgleid),    objdjon,  roenn... 

and). 
altogether,  iiberbaupt  (generally  speak- 
ing); ganjunb  gar  (entirely). 
always,  immer. 
am,  bin.     I  —  to,  id)  foil. 
America,  Slmerifa  (neut.).     (233.) 
American,  anterifanijd) ;  n.  ber  SImeris 

faner.     (233.) 
amiable,  lieben§roiirbig. 
among,  amongst, /re/,  unter  (316,5), 

Si»iid)en.    (316.) 
amount  to,  re/?,  fidf)  belaufen  attf. 
amusing,  unterrjaltenb. 
an.     See  a. 
and,  unb. 

anecdote,  bie  9lnelbote. 
angry,  jornig,  bbfe. 
annoyed,  cirgerlidj. 
another,  ein  9lnb(e)rer ;  adj.  ein  anb(e)* 

rer  (different  one) ;  nod)  ein  (of  the  same 

kind). 
answer,  antroorten,  beantroorten ;  ent* 

fpred)en.  n.  bie  SIntroort. 
anticipate,  juoorfommen. 
anxious,  angftlid),  beforgt. 
any,  irgenb  ein,  irgenbroeld)e  (//.),  etroaS. 

—  thing,  etroa§,  irgenb  etroaS.    not  — 

more,  ntd)t  rrterjr.     not  —  thing,  ntd)t§ 

(indecl.).  —  thing  but,  burd)au§  nid)t. 
appear,  erfd)einen,  fdjetnen,  norfommen. 
appearance,  ba§  2Iu§fef>en.    make  one's 

— ,  erfdjeinen. 
apple,  ber  2lpfel. 
apple-tree,  ber  2tpfelbautn. 
approach,  fid)  narjern  {with  dat.). 
apricot,  bie  SCprifofe. 
April,  ber  2IpriI. 

back,  ber  SRiiden.    adv.  suruct. 
bad,  fd)led)t,  ftarf. 
ball,  ber  Sail. 
bandbox,  bie  <Sd)ad)teI. 
bank  (of  a  stream) ,  ba§  lifer. 


arbor,  bie  ©artenlaube. 
arm,  ber  2lrm. 
army,  bie  2Irmee,  ba§§eer. 
around, prep.  um.     (314,  3.) 
arrange,  oeranftalten,  einrid)ten. 
arrest,  feftnerjmen. 
arrive,  aniommen,  etntreffen. 
arrogant,  bodintiitbig. 
Arthur,  2trtl)ur. 

article,  ber  2IrtifeI,  ber  ©egenftanb. 
artist,  ber  $iinftler. 
as,  al§,  roie,  fo,  ba  (reason),  inbem.    — 
yet,  bi§  jefct.    —  a  present,  511m  ©ejd)enf. 

—  for  myself,  road  mid)  betrifft.  —  if, 
roie  roenn.  be  so  kind  —  to,  f  eien  ©ie  jo 
giitig  unb.    as  soon  — ,  fobalb. 

ascend,  erfteigen. 

ashamed  :  be  — ,  fid)  fdjamen. 

aside,  bei  ©cite. 

ask,  fragen.    —  a  question,  eine  {?rage 

ridjten  an  (6inen). 
asleep  :  to  fall  — ,  einfdjtafen.    (211, 1.) 
asparagus,  ber  ©pargel. 
assembly,  bie  SSerfammlung. 
assume,  fid)  anmafjen. 
at,  an,  auf,  bei,  in,  nad),  neben,  um,  ju. 

—  school,  in  ber  ©dnile.    —  it,  barnadj. 

—  what  time  ?  —  what  o'clock?  um  roie 
niel  U£»r?  —  once,  fogleid).  —  least, 
roemgften3.    not  —  all,  gar  nid)t. 

attendants,  ba§  ©efolge  (no pi.). 
attention,  bie  2Iufmerffamfeit. 
auction,  bie  SBerfteigerung.    sell  by  — , 

oerfteigern. 
August,  ber  2luguft. 
aunt,  bie  £ante. 

Austria,  Dft(er)reid)  (neut.).    (233.) 
Austrian,  oft(er)reid)ifd) ;  n.  ber  Dft(er)* 

reidjer.    (233.) 
autumn,  ber  £erbft. 
avoid,  oertneibeit. 
awake,  roeden,  aufroeden  ;  intr.  erroa* 

d>en,  aufroadten. 
away,  fort,    run  — ,  f ortlaufen. 


B. 


baptize,  taufen. 
barber,  ber  SBarbier. 
bark  (of  a  tree),  bie  9HnbC 
barley,  bie  ©erfte. 
barley-sugar,  ber  ©erftenauder. 


base. 


339 


breathe. 


base,  gemein. 

basket,  ber  $orb ;  small—,  ba3  $orbd)en. 

bath,  ba3  Sab.    (375.) 

bathe,  baben. 

bathing-place,  ber  Sabeort. 

battle,  bie  ©d)Iad)t. 

be,  iein;  roerben  ;  fteden  (be  thrust  in  or 
sticking  in ;  as,  in  one's  pocket,  or  a  key 
in  a  lock)  ;  fid)  befinben,  refi.  (in  respect 
to  health);  he  is  to — ,  er  foil;  there  is 
or  are,  e§  giebt. 

bean,  bie  Sobne. 

bear,  tragen. 

bear,  ber  93 or.     (377.) 

beard,  ber  93art. 

beat  (flog),  burd)»riigeln. 

beautiful,  fd)8n. 

because,  roetl. 

become,  roerben. 

bed,  ba§  93ett  (370,2);  go  to  — ,  p  93ette 
geljen. 

bedroom,  ba§  ©djlafsimmer. 

bee,  bie  93tene. 

beech  or  beech-tree,  bie  Sud)e,  ber 
Sudjbaum. 

beech-forest,  ber  Sucbroalb. 

beer,  ba§  Sier. 

beetle,  ber  flafer. 

before,  prep,  nor;  conj.  beijpr,  ebe; 
adv.  uorljer.    —  that  time,  friiher. 

beforehand,  oorher. 

beg,  bitten.  I  —  your  pardon,  lyd)  bitte 
©ie  urn  Serjeibung. 

beggar,  ber  93ettler. 

begin,  anfangen. 

beginner,  ber  2lnf anger. 

beginning,  ber  Slnfang. 

behalf:  on  thy  — ,  beinetbalben. 

behind,  prep,  or  adv.  binter,  btnten. 

being,  pres part,  of  he.;  a  clause  begin- 
ning ba  or  roeil  (361).  the  weather  — 
fine,  ba  ba§  SBetter  fcbon  roar. 

Belgian,  ber  93elgier ;  adj.  belgifd). 
(233.) 

Belgium,  93elgien  (neut.).  (233.) 

believe,  glauben. 

bell,  bie  ©djelle. 

belong,  gehoren. 

below,  prep,  unter  (316,  5) ;  adv.  unten, 
unterbalb. 

bench,  bie  Son!.  (371.) 


berry,  bie  Seere. 

beside,  prep,  neben  (316),  aufjer  (315); 

adv.  aufcer  bem,  iiber  bte§. 
besides,  prep,  aufjer. 
best,  beft,  am  beften  (199, 1) ;  she  had—, 

e§  rodre  am  beften  roenn  fie,  etc. 
better,   beffer,  roomier  (healthier),     you 

had  — ,  ©ie  tbaten  beffer,  e§  rodre  beffer 

roenn  ©ie,  etc.   to  be  —  oft",  beffer  baran 

fein. 
between,    betwixt,    prep,    jroifdjen. 

(316.) 
bid   good-by(e),   £eberoob,I   or    2lbteu 

fagen. 
bilberry,  bie  §eibelbeere. 
bill  (account),  bie  9ted)nung. 
bind,  binben;  (of  books)  einbinben. 
bird,  ber  Sogel.  (367.) 
birthday,  ber  ©eburtStag.  (369.) 
black,  fo)roarj. 
blackberry,  bie  Srombeere. 
blackbird,  bie  2lmfel. 
bloody,  bhttig. 
blow,  blafen.    —  off,  blafen  »on  {with 

dat.),  or  fortblafen. 
blue,  blau. 
blunt,  ftumpf. 
board  :  on  — ,  an  Sorb,    over  — ,  iiber 

Sorb. 
boarding-school,  ba§  2Snftitut,    bag 

^enfionat. 
boast,  fid)  riibmen. 
body,  ber  $brper. 
boil,  fieben,  fod)en. 
bonnet,  ber  $ut,  ber  $)amenl)ut. 
book,  baZ  Sua).    (375.) 
book-case,  ber  Sitd)erfd)ranr. 
boot,  ber  ©tiefel.    (368.) 
both,  adj.  or pr.  beibe;  conj.  foroobl. 
bottle,  bie  $lafdje. 

bouquet,  ber  Slumenftraufj.  (370,  n.  3.) 
box,  bie  ©d>ad)tel. 
boy,  ber  £nabe,  ber  Sube. 
branch,  ber  S'rmS/  ber  21ft. 
bread  and  butter,  bag  Sutterbrot. 
break,  bred)en,  jerbredjen.    —  off,  abs 

brecben. 
breakfast,  ba§  ^rUhftiicE;  v.  intr.  frflb* 

ftiiden. 
breath,  ber  3Jt(b)em. 
breathe,  ot(^)men,  emat(bjmen. 


brilliancy.                                6~ 

c"                                         clean. 

brilliancy,  ber  ©lanj. 

burn,  brennen.    —  down,  abbrennen. 

brilliant,  glchtjenb. 

burning,  brennenb. 

bring,  brtttgen.    —  with,  —  along  with 

bush,  bag  ©ebiifcb. 

one,  tnitbringen. 

business,  ba3  ©ejdjaft.    some  — ,  eintge 

broad,  breit. 

©eftt)afte.    do  —  in,  ©efd;afte  ntacben  in. 

broken,  jerbrocben,  gefprungen. 

busy,  befcbcifttgt. 

brother,  ber  23ruber  (367).    brothers  (of 

but,  aber,  fonbern,  allein. 

a  firm),   bic    ©ebrttber.     brothers   and 

butcher,  ber  9J}etjger. 

sisters,  bie  ©efdmrifter. 

butter,   bte  SJutter.    bread  and  — ,  ba§ 

brother-in-law,  ber  ©cbjoager.    (367.) 

SBtttterbrot. 

brown,  braurt. 

butterfly,  ber  <5d)metterltng. 

build,  bauen,  erbauen. 

buy,  taufen. 

building,  baS  ©ebaube. 

by,  on,  auf,  mit,  urn,  non. 

c. 


cabin,  bte  (Sajiit(t)e. 

cabinet-maker,  ber  Scbretner. 

cage,  ber  Jtafig. 

cake,  ber  £ud)en. 

calculation,  bte  SRetfmung. 

calf,  ba§  £alb. 

call,  rufen,  beifjen,  nennen,  ernennen.  to 
be  — ed,  betfjen.  what  do  you  —  that  ? 
tote  nennen  6te  ba§  ?  —  upon  one,  ©men 
befudjen,  bet  ©inem  oorfpredjen.  —  out 
to,  jurufen.  —  out,  auSrufen.  —  one 
an  insulting  name,  fd)vmpfen. 

camellia,  bte  £amel(l)te. 

can,  fomten.    —  not,  fann  nid)t. 

canary-bird,  ber  £anarienoogeI. 

candle,  ba3  £icbt.    (375,  n.  3.) 

cap,  bie  aJlii^e,  bte  £appe. 

capable,  fcibtg. 

capital,  adj.  &cwpts. 

captain,  ber  ^auptmann. 

car,  ber  SEBctgen. 

card,  bie  £arte. 

careful,  jorgfaitig,  oorfidjttg. 

careless,  unt-orfidbttg. 

carpet-bag,  bie  9tetfetafd)e. 

carriage  (railway  or  other),  ber  2Bagen. 

carry,  bringeu,  tragen.  —  away,  fort* 
tragen.    —  out,  ausfitbren. 

case :  in  — ,  fctUS,  roofern. 

cash,  ba§  ©elb.     ready  — ,  bctareS  ©elb. 

cask,  ba§  ^afe.    (375.) 

castle,  ba§  Scblofe  (375),  bie  93urg. 

cat,  bie  $afce. 

catch,  fangen. 

caterpillar,  bie  9iaupe. 


cauliflower,  berSIumenlofil.  fjclaffen. 

cause  (to  make,  to  be  made,  etc.),  macben 

cautious,  oorfidjtig. 

cease,  aufboren. 

celebrated,  beriibmt. 

celebrity,  ber  9htbm. 

cellar,  ber  teller. 

certain(ly),  geroifj,  ficberlid). 

chain,  bte  $ette. 

chair,  ber  ©tubl. 

chance :  by  — ,  jufaUtg. 

changeable,  oercinberlid). 

charge,  jeredbnen. 

Charles,  £arl. 

Charley,  £arld)en. 

charm,  ber  9*etj. 

charming,  reijenb. 

cheap,  btlltg. 

cheese,  ber  $afe. 

cherry,  bte  Jtirfcbe. 

cherry-tree,  ber  .ftirfcbbaum. 

chest  of  drawers,  bie  ftotttntobe. 

child,  ba3  fttltb. 

chirp,  jrottfcbent. 

chocolate,  bie  ©bocolabe. 

choose,  roabjen. 

christen,  taufen. 

Christmas,  bie  SBeibnacbten. 

church,  bte  £ircbe. 

cider,  ber  ^pfelroein. 

cigar,  bie  Gigarre. 

circumference,  ber  Umfang. 

city,  bte  Stabt. 

class,  bie  JUaffe. 

clean,  rein. 


cleyer. 


341 


cross. 


clever,  gefdjiclt. 

climate,  ba§  5Uima. 

climb,  flimmen,  flettem.    —  up,rjinaufs 

flettern. 
cloak,  bcv  SWantel.  (367.) 
clock,  bic  Ubr.    what  o'— is  it  ?  tt)ie  uiel 

Ubr  ift  e§  ? 
close,  sumatfjen. 
cloth,  ba3  £udj.  (375.) 
clothe,  fleiben. 
clothes,  bie  blether. 
clothes-press,  ber  ©ajranf. 
clothes-shop,  ber  $(eiberlaben. 
coach,  bic  Sutfdje. 
coat,  ber  9tod. 
cock,  ber  £abn. 
coffee,  ber  £affee. 
cold,  adj.  fait.    n.  bie  ©rfaltung  ;  (in 

the  head)  ber  ©cbnupfen. 
collar,  ber  $ragen. 
Cologne,  $oln  or  ©bin. 
color,  bie  ^arbe. 
come,  fommen.    —  along  with,  mitfouts 

men.    —  out  of  a  room,  cm3  einem  3tm* 

tner  berauSfommen. 
comfortable,  bequem.     in  the  most  — 

manner,  auf§  bequemfte.   (199,  2.) 
command,  ber  Sefefil. 
commander,  ber  23efebl3foaber. 
commence,  anfangen. 
commit  to  memory,  bem  ©ebacfitniS 

einpragen. 
common,  geroobnltrf). 
communicate,  mittbeilen. 
companion,  ber  93egleiter. 
company,  bie  ©efetlfdjaft. 
complete,  tjollftoubig,  oollfommen. 
compliments  t    send   one's  — ,  grilfjen 

lafjen.    give  him  my  — ,  griifcen  Sie  ibn 

non  mir. 
composition,  ber  2luffa§. 
conceive,  ficb,  Dorftetten. 
concern,  cmgeben. 
concert,  ba§  ©ortjert. 
condition :  to  be  in  a—,  im  Stanbe  fetn. 
confectioner,  ber  ^onbitor  (Sonbttor). 
confectioner's  shop,  ber  $onbitors 

lab en. 
confusion,  bie  SSerwirrung. 
congratulate,  ©Uitf  nmnftt)en,  gratus 

Ii(e)ren. 


conquer,  erobern. 
consent,  bte  ©inrailligtmg. 
consequence,  bie  ^olge. 
consequently,  folglidt),  mitbitt. 
consider,  batten  (fiir),  anfeben. 
considerable,  bebeutenb. 
constant,  — ly,  beftanbig. 
consume,  cerjebren. 
contain,  entbalten. 
contented,  jufrieben. 
contents,  ber  !3nt)att. 
continent,  ba§  geftlanb,  ber  Continent 

(Sontinent). 
continue,  fortfe^en. 
contradict,  n>iberfpred)en. 
contrary :  on  the  — ,  im  ©egent(bJeU.  — 

to,  entgegen,  juraiber. 
convenient,  bequem. 
convict,  itberfiibren. 
cook,  ber  ,uod). 
copy,  abfdjreiben. 
copy-book,  ba§  ©djreibebudj. 
corner,  bie  @cfe. 
correct,  corrigi(e)ren. 
correspond,  entfpredjen. 
cost,  I  often. 
costly,  f oftbor. 
costume,  bie  £rad)t. 
cough,  ber  §uften. 
count,  v .  jdblen.    n.  ber  ©raf.  (377.) 
countenance,  ba§  2lngeftd}t. 
countermand,  abbeftellen. 
counting-house,      ba§     £om(p)totr 

(©om(p)toir). 
country,  bie  ©egenb,  ba§  £anb.    in  the 

— ,  auf  bem  Canbe.    into  the  — ,  auf  ba§ 

Sanb. 
country-house,  ba§  SanbbauS. 
countryman,  ber  Scmbmcmn. 
courage,  ber  2Rut(b). 
course,  ber  Sauf. 
court,  ber  £of. 

cousin,  ber  Setter,  bie  Confine  (©oufine). 
cover,  bebecfen. 
covered,  bebedt. 
cow,  bie  #ufi.  (371.) 
coward,  adj.  feige.    n.  ber  £afenfufj. 
creature,  ba§  ©efcbbpf. 
creditor,  ber  ©laubiger. 
creep  in  (into),  fid)  etnfcvleid)en. 
cross,  uberfefcen. 


crow. 


342 


divide. 


crow,  v.  Irftben. 
crowd,  ba§  ©ebrdnge. 
crowing,  n.  ba§  ihaben. 
crown,  bie  $rone,  ber  ^rontfjaler. 
cup,  bie  Saffe. 
cupboard,  bcr  ©d)ranf. 


currant,  bie  3o*>anni§6eere. 
custom-house  officer,  ein  2ftaut(b)be; 

amter,  ber  2Jlaut(b)beamte. 
cut,  fd)neiben. 
cylinder-watch,  bie  ©olinberubr. 


D. 


damage,  ber  ©d)aben. 

dance,  v.  tanjen.    «.  ber  Sanj. 

dancer,  ber  Xanjer,  bie  Sanjerin. 

Dane,  ber  SDane.  (233.) 

dangerous,  gefabrlid). 

Danish,  banifd).  (233.) 

dare,  fid)  getrauen. 

dark,  bunlel.    — blue,  bunlelblau.    — 

-green,  bunlelgriin. brown,  bunlels 

braun. 

Darmstadt :  by  our  —  friend,  oon  uns 
ferm  barmftdbter  greunb. 

daughter,  bie  Socbter. 

day,  ber  Sag.  the  other  — ,  neulid).  — 
after  to-morrow,  iiberntorgeu.  all  — 
long,  ben  gcmjen  Sag.  —  before  yester- 
day, oorgeftem.  this  —  week,  fyeute 
iiber  ad)t  Sage,  or  beute  oor  ad)t  Sagcn. 

dead,  adj.  to(b)t.    n.  bie  So(b)te. 

deal :  a  great  — ,  f  ebr  oicl. 

dealer,  ber  £»anbler.  —  in  vegetables, 
ber  ©emiifepnbler. 

dear,  lieb,  t(b)euer. 

death,  ber  Sob. 

debt,  bie  ©d)ulb.  be  in  — ,  in  ©d)ulb 
fteden. 

debtor,  ber  ©d)ulbner. 

decamp,  fid)  fortmad)en. 

December,  ber  Sejember  (December). 

deck,  ba§  SSerbecf.  on  — ,  auf  bem  SBers 
bed. 

defeat,  befiegen. 

degree  of  latitude,  ber  Sreitegrab  or 
33reitengrab. 

deliberate,  fid)  berat(b)en. 

deliver,  abgeben  (give  up),  balten  (a 
speech). 

demand,  forbern,  abforbern. 

Denmark,  S5dnemart  (neut.). 

dentist,  ber  gabnarjt. 

departure,  bie  2lbreife. 

depend  upon  (on),  fid)  oerlaffen  auf. 


depose,  entfefcen. 

descend,  ftcigen. 

descry,  erblicfen. 

desist,  abfteben  (from,  non). 

dessert,  ber  5ftad)tifd). 

destroy,  jerftoren,  nertilgen. 

determine,  befd)ltef$en. 

devote  to,  neriuenben  auf. 

dial-plate,  ba§  3ifferblatt.  (375.) 

die,  fterben. 

different,  — ly,  t>erfd)ieben,  anberS. 

different  things,  SBerfd)iebene§. 

difficult,  fdjroer. 

dig,  graben. 

diligence,  ber  ^leifj. 

diligent,  — ly,  fleifeig. 

dine,  ju  SRittag  effen. 

dining-room,  ba§  ©dimmer,  ba§  ©pei* 

fejitnmer. 
dinner,  ba3  3Jltttag§effen. 
direct,  — ly,  fogteid). 
dirt,  ber  ©d)mufc. 
dirty,  fd)mu§ig. 
disappear,  oerfdjnrinben. 
discontented,  unjufrieben. 
discover,  entbecfen. 
disease,  bie  jTranlbeit. 
diseased,  Irani. 
dislike,  mifjfallen,  e§  mifpllt  mir. 
dismount,  abftcigen. 
disperse,  au5einanber  geben. 
displease,  mifjfallen. 
displeased  at,  ungefjalten  iiber. 
dispose  of,  cerfiigen  iiber. 
dissuade,  (einem  non  etioas)  abrat(b)en. 
distance  :  from  a  — ,  non  fern. 
distinct,  beutlid). 
distract  one's   attention,  bie.    $Iuf* 

merlfamleit  abjicben. 
distrust,  mifetrauen. 
ditch,  ber  ©raben.  (367.) 
divide,  t(b)eilen. 


dizzy. 


343 


European. 


dizzy:  I  feel  — ,  e§  fcbnriubelt 

mir.  (347.) 

dreadful,  fcbrecflid). 

do,  tf)lM,  madjen   (often  not  translated ; 

dream,  trdumen.    I  — ,  e§  traumt  mir. 

as,  do  you  know,  do 

they 

learn,  etc.). 

(347.) 

entph.  do !  (pray)  tfju' 

e§  bod)  (bod)  ein= 

dress,  v.  fleiben,  anlleiben,  anjteben.  «. 

mal) !    —  one's  hair,  fid)  bag  $aar  mas 

ba§  flleib. 

d)en. 

drink,  trinf en ;  fauf en  (said  of  animals). 

doctor,  ber  SDoftor. 

drive,  v.  fabren.    —  back,  jurudfaljrett. 

dog,  ber  §unb.   (369.) 

n.  bie  ©pajterfabrt,  bie  gabrt. 

doll,  bie  $uppe. 

droll,  broltig. 

door,  bie  SE&iir(e). 

drown,  ertrinfen. 

down,  unten,  ab,  btmmter. 

burn  — , 

dry,  trocfen. 

abbrennen.    —  the  Rhine, 

ben  9tbetn 

duck,  bie  6nte. 

bimmter. 

duke,  ber  &erjog. 

dozen,  ba§  $)ufcenb. 

during,  roabrenb.   (317.) 

draw  out,  auSjieben. 

Dutch,  adj.  bollanbijd).    n.  ber  ^ollans 

drawer,  bie  <3d)ublabe. 

ber. 

drawing,  ba§  getdmen 

duty,  bie  qjflid)t. 

drawing-room,   ba§ 

©efeafd)aft§sim5 

dwell,  roobnen. 

mer. 

E. 


each,  each  one,  3eber-    —  other,  eins 

anber. 
eagle,  ber  2tbler. 
ear,  ba§  Dbr.  (370,  2.) 
early,  friib,  friitje.    —  in  the  morning,  in 

ber  $riilje  be§  3Jlorgen§. 
east,  n.  ber  Often,    to  the  — ,  nad)  Dften. 

— wind,  Dftroinb.    adj.  bftltdj. 
Easter,  bie  Dftern. 
easterly,  oftlid). 
easy,  leidjt. 

easy-chair,  ber  ©effel,  ber  2lrmftubl. 
eat,  effen;  freffen  (said  of  animals). 
Edward,  (Sbuarb. 
effect,  ooUbringen. 
egg,  ba§  ©i.  (375.) 
eight,  ad)t. 
eighteen,  adjtjeEjn. 
eighteenth,  adjtjebnt. 
eighth,  ad)t  (ber  2tdjte,  etc.). 
elastic,  elaftifdj. 
eldest,  dlteft. 
elegant,  — ly,  elegant. 
elephant,  ber  (Slepbant. 
eleven,  elf,  eilf. 

eleventh,  elft,  eilft  (ber  Slfte,  etc.). 
Elizabeth,  ©lifabetb. 
else,  f ouft.   no  one  — ,  9Uemanb  anber(e)3. 

for  somebody  — ,  (dat.)  $emanb  anberem. 
Eniily,  ©milte. 


Einina,  @mma. 

empire,  ba§  Keid).   (372.) 

employ,  n.  bie  93efd»aftigung,  bie  3ln? 

ftellnng. 
employed,  befdjaftigt. 
employment,    bie   SSefdjaftigung,    bie 

Slnftetluug. 
end,  ba3  (Snbe.     in  the  — ,  am   ©nbe. 

(purpose)  ber  3n>ecf. 
enemy,  ber  ^einb,  bie  ^einbin. 
engage,  fid)  einlaffen  {with  auf  or  in). 
engine,  bie  9Jtafd)hte,  bie  Sofomotine. 
England,  ©nglanb  (neut.).   (233.) 
English,  adj.  englifd).    the  — ,  bie  @ngs 

lanber.   (233.) 
Englishman,  ber  (Snglanber.  (233.) 
enjoy,  fid)  erfreuen.    —  something,  fid) 

etroag  gut  (roobl)  fcbmecfen  laffen. 
enlarge,  oergrbfjern. 
enough,  genug. 
entertain,  unterbalten. 
entertaining,  unterbaltenb. 
envelope,  ba§  Sourjert. 
error,  ber  3rrt(f))um.  (127,  2.) 
escape,  entgeben.     —(from)  entflieben 

(with  dat.). 
et  csetera,  etc.,  unb  fo  wetter,  u.  f.  to. 
Europe,  6uropa  (neut.).  (233.) 
European,  adj.  europaifd).    n.  ber  ©Us 

ropaer.  (233.) 


evade. 


344 


for. 


evade,  umgeben. 

exchange  :  rate  of—,  ber  £ur3. 

even,  felbft,  nod). 

excursion,  ber  5luSfIug. 

evening,    ber   2lbenb.     in  the  — ,  bc§ 

excuse,  entfcfiulbigen. 

SttbenbS. 

excuse,  bie  Gntfd)ulbigung. 

ever,  je,  jemalS. 

exercise,  bie  Ubung,  bie  Stufgobe,  ba* 

every,  jeber,  jebe,  jebe§,  alle.    —body, 

©jeriitium. 

jebermamt.      — thing,  2IQe§.    — where, 

exercise-book,  ba§  ^eft.  (372.) 

allentfialben. 

exhibition,  bie  2tu§ftellung. 

evident,  — ly,  augenfdjeinlid). 

expect,  erroarten. 

evil,  ba§  libel. 

experienced,  erfabren. 

exactly  at  one  o'clock,  $untt  ein  Ubr. 

experiment,  ber  SSerfud).     try  the  — , 

examine,  priifen,  unterfudjen,  burd)ju; 

ben  SBerfud)  tnacfien. 

cben. 

extensive,  auSgebebnt. 

example :  for  — ,  jum  S3eifpiel. 

extract,  auSjieben. 

excellent,  rjorrrefflia).                               ' 

eye,  ba§  2luge.  (370,  2.) 

F. 


face  (of  a  clock),  ba§  3ifferblatt. 

fail,  mifjlingcn.    I  — ,  e§  miftlingt  mir  (ift 

mifjlungen).  (347.) 
fair,  ber  ^o^martt. 
faithful,  treu. 
fall,  fallen.     —  asleep,  einfcblafen.    — 

to  pieces,  j  erf  alien. 
fame,  ber  3lubm. 
familiar    language,    bie    Umgang§s 

fpradje. 
family,  bie  $amilie. 
fancy,  fid)  einbilben.  (348.) 
far,  roeit.    by  — ,  bei  SBeitetn.     as  —  as 

bi§  an,  biS. 
fast,  fcbnell. 

fat,  adj.  fett.    n.  ba§  fjctt. 
father,  ber  33ater.  (367.) 
fathom,  ergriinben. 
fear,  n.  bie  §urd)t,  baS  (Srauen ;  v.  fttra> 

ten,  ficb,  fiircbten. 
feather,  bie  ^eber. 
February,  ber^ebruar. 
feel,  fiiblen,  fid)  fiiblen. 
feeler,  ba§  ^-iiblboru. 
fellow,  ber  Jterl,  ber  93urfdje.    — pupil, 

ber  3Jiitfd)UIer.    — student,  ber  2JUtftus 

bent. 
fetch,  boten. 
few,  roenig,  roenige,  ein  $aar.    in  a  — 

days,  in  ein  %aax  £agen. 
field,    ba§    gelb.      —  of   battle,  ba§ 

©cblacbtfelb. 
fifteen,  filnfje^n. 


fifteenth,  fiinfjebnt. 

fifth,  funft  (ber  Pnfte). 

fill,  fullen.  —  up,  oollgtefjen,  ooQjdjiitten 

find,  finben. 

fine,  fdjon.    the  — st  of  all,  ber,  bie,  ba§ 

SJUerfcbonfte. 
finish,  beenbigen. 
finished,  fertig. 
fir,  or  fir-tree,  bie  £anne. 
fire,  bag  geuer. 
fir-forest,  ber  £annemualb. 
firm,  — ly,  feft. 
first,  erft,  juerft.    in  a class  carriage, 

in  einem  Soupe"  erfter  Piaffe. 
fit,  paffen.    —  up,  einrid)ten. 
five,  funf. 
flatter,  fd)tneid)eln. 
flee,  entflieben. 
flight,  ber  $lug. 
floor,  ber  23oben  (367),  bie  @rbe. 
florin,  ber  ©ulben. 
flow,  fliefjen. 
flower,  bie  23lume. 
fluent,  —  ly,  fliefjenb. 
fl.V»  ffiegen.    —  away  from,  entfliegen.  — 

back,  juriidfliegen. 
follow,  folgen,  befolgen. 
following,  folgenb. 
fond :  be  —  of,  lieben,  gem  fiaben. 
food,  bie  9tabrung. 
foot,  ber  ftufj.    on  — ,  ju  ftufje. 
for,  conj.  benn  ;  prep,  {often  expressed  by 

dative),  fiir,  urn,  nad),  ju.  —  what,  too* 


forest. 


345 


grand -duke. 


fur  ?    —  four  hours,  feit  trier 

Stunbett. 

France,  ^ranfreid)  {neut).   (233.) 

—  shame  !  fd)cime  bid) ! 

Frankfort,    ^ranffurt   {neut.).    of  — , 

forest,  ber  2Balb.    (374.) 

franffurter  {adj.).   (230, 1.) 

forget,  oergeffen. 

Fred,  Frederic,  gfrifc. 

forgive,  oergeben,  oerjeiben. 

French,  frartjoftfd).    (233.) 

fork,  bie  ©abel. 

Frenchman,  ber  ^ranjofe. 

form,  n.  bie  $orm.    v.  bilben. 

frequently,  bSuftg. 

former,   fritter,     the  — ,   fetter,   fene, 

fresh,  frifd). 

jene§. 

Friday,  ber  fSfreitag. 

forthwith,  fofort. 

friend,  ber  $reunb,  bie  ^reunbin. 

fortnight,  trierjebn  £age.    a- 

—  since  or 

friendship,  bie  §reunbfd)aft. 

ago,  oor  trierjefjn  £agen.   in  a  • 

—  (hence), 

frightened :  be  — ,  erfdjrecten. 

beuteiiber  rrierjeljn  £age. 

from,  »on,  au§,  oor.    suffer  —  headache, 

fortunately,  gliicflid)em)eife. 

leiben  an  itopfroel). 

fortune,  ba3  aSermogen. 

front :  in  the  — ,  corn. 

forty,  oierjig. 

frontier  town,  bie  ©renj(e)ftabt. 

four,  trier. 

fruit,  ba§  Dbft. 

fourteen,  trierjebtt. 

fulfil,  erfiiEen. 

fourteenth,  trierjebnt. 

full,  coll,  uoller  {with.  gen). 

fourth,  triert. 

fun  :  make  —  of,  fid)  luftig  mad)en  liber. 

fowl,  bag  §ubn.    (375.) 

furnish,  Uefern. 

fragrant,  mofyIried)enb. 

furniture,  bie  QJtbbel. 

G. 


gain,  genrinnen. 

gallop,  gaiop(p)i(e)ren. 

gamble  away,  nerfpielett. 

gape  at,  angaffen. 

garden,  ber  ©arten.    (367.) 

gardener,  ber  ©cirtner,  bie  ©artnerm. 

general,  allgemein. 

generally,  gett)ob,nIid). 

Geneva,  adj.  genfer.    (230, 1.) 

gentleman,  £err.    (377.) 

geography,  bie  ©eograpbie. 

German,  beutfd).     in  — ,  auf  beutfd). 

Germany,  Seutfcblanb  {neut.). 

get,  befommen,  fontmen.  to  —  my  meas- 
ure taken,  urn  mir  ba3  9)?af$  nebmen  ju 
laffen.    to  —  made,  mad)en  laffen.    to 

—  anything  plucked,  etroa§  pfliicf  en  lafs 
fen.  I  should  like  to  —  dinner  served, 
3d)  roiirbe  ba§  SKittagSeffen  gern  auftra* 
gen  laffen.    —  away,   fid)  fortmad)en. 

—  in,  pinein  lommen.  —  into,  fe$en  Sie 
fid)  in.    —  up,  auffteljen. 

girl,  ba§  Tlabdjen. 

give,  geben,   fdbenfen,  reid)en,    madden. 

—  as  a  present,  jum  ©efcbeuf  mad>en. 

—  pleasure,  33ergnugen  ntad)en.  —  back, 
juriicigeben.    —  up,  aufgeben. 


glad:  be  — ,  fid)  fr men. 

glass,  ba§  ©Ia§.    (375.) 

go,  geben,  fabren.  be  just  — ing  to,  elen 
molten  (with  infin.).  —  away,  fortges 
ben,  binge^en.  —  down,  brinunters,  ber» 
untergeb.en.  to  —  in,  bjnein  ju  geben. 
—  a  roundabout  way,  untgeljen.  —  to 
see,  befudjen.    —  out,  auSgeljen. 

God,  ©ott.    (374.) 

golden,  golben. 

gone  :  they  were  to  have  — ,  fie  baben 
ge^en  fallen. 

good,  gut.    (198.) 

good-by(e),  interj.  lebe  rooljl !  leben  @ie 
roobj !  abieu !  3d)  etnpfeble  mid)  $bnen. 
n.  ba§  2eberooI)t.  bid  — ,  Seberoob,!  of 
2lbieu  fagen. 

good-will,  bie  ©unft. 

goose,  bie  ®an%.   (371.) 

gooseberry,  bie  ©tacbelbeere. 

gout,  bie  ©id)t,  ba§  ^obagra. 

governess,  bie  ©ouoernante. 

grain,  ba§  ©etreibe. 

grammar,  bie  ©rammatil. 

grand-daughter,  bie  ©nlelin. 

grand-ducal,  grofjber^oglid). 

grand-duke,  ber  ©rofjljerjog. 


grandfather. 


346 


Holland. 


grandfather,  ber  ©rofstmter. 
grandmother,  bie  ©rofjmutter. 
grandpapa,  ber  ©rofspapa. 
grape,  bic  £raube. 
grass,  ba§  ©ra§.   (375.) 
grateful,  banlbar. 
gray,  grau. 

grease-spot,  ber  ^ettflecfen. 
great,  grofj.     a  —  deal,  febr  oiel. 
greatly,  f ebr. 


Grecian,  griecbtfeb.    (233.) 

Greece,  ©riecbeulanb  {neat.). 

Greek,  «.  ber  ©riecbe.   (233.) 

green,  griitt. 

green-grocer,  ber  ©emiifebanbler. 

grocer's  shop,  ber  ©pejeretlaben. 

groom,  ber  §au§fnecbt. 

grow,  roaebfen. 

grumble,  murren. 

guilty,  fcbulbig. 


H. 


habit,  bie  ©emobnbett. 

hail,  bageln. 

hair,  ba§  §aar.    (372.)    do  one's  — ,  fid) 

ba3  $aar  tttacben. 
half,  balb.    —  an  hour,  eine  balbe  Stuns 

be. past  eight,  balb  neun.    this  — 

hour,  fd)on  eine  balbe  ©tunbe. 
hammer,  ber  jammer. 
hand,  bie  §anb.    on  the  other  — ,  bages 

gen,  bingegen.  (371.) 
handkerchief,  ba§  £afd)entud). 
handsome,  febon. 
hang,  bftngen,  bangen:   —  around  (on) 

the  neck  of,  anbangen. 
happy :   be  — ,  ficb   freuen.    I  shall  be 

very  — ,  tcb  roerbe  mid)  febr  freuen. 
hard,  bart. 
hare,  ber  §afe. 
haste  :  make  — ,  eilen. 
hastily,  eiligft. 

hat,  ber  £iut.    silk  — ,  ber  ©nlinberbut. 
hat-box,  bie  §utfcbacbtel. 
have,  b^ben.    he  was  to  —  learned  his 

lesson,  er  bat  feine  Slufgabe  lernen  follcn. 

—  made,  macben  laffen.     they  had  to 

telegraph,  fte  mufjten  telegrapbi(e)ren. 
hay,  ba§  £ieu. 
hazardous,  gefctbtlicb. 
he,  er.    (35.) 
head,  ber  £opf. 
headache,  ba§  .Ropfroeb. 
health,  bie  ©efunbbeit.    be  in  better  — , 

fidb  roobler  beftnben.    drink  his  — ,  auf 

feine  Sefunbbeit  trinlen. 
healthy,  getynb. 
hear,  boren. 
heart,  ba§  £erj.       ty  — ,  au§roenbig. 

(370,  2.) 


oon  jefct  (nun)  an. 


heartily,  berjlid)  (see  most). 

heaven,  ber  £immel. 

heir,  ber  @rbe. 

help,  I)  elf  en.     I  cannot  —  remarking,  id) 

faun  nid)t  umbin  ju  bemerfen. 
helping,  adj.  bilfreicb. 
hen,  ba§  §ubn.    (375.) 
hen-house,  ba3  §iibnerbau§,  ber  ^iibs 

nerftall. 
henceforth,        ) 
henceforward, 
Henry,  .geinricb. 

her,  (obj.)  fte,  ifjr  ;  possess,  ibr,  ibre.       , 
herb,  ba§  tfraut.    (375.) 
herdsman,  ber  §irt.    (377.) 
here,  bier,  bieftg. 
hers,  ber,  bie,    ba§  ibre  or   ibrige.    a 

friend  of — ,  ein  ^rcunb  won  ibr.    (185.) 
herself,  fte  felbft,  ficb  (felbft). 
hesitation,  ba§  Stocfen,  ba3  gogern. 
high,  bod),    (p.  54,  n.  1.) 
him,  ibn,  tbm. 
himself :  he  — ,  er  felbft. 
hire,  imc'(b)eu. 
his,  jein ;  ber,  bie,  ba§  feinige  or  feine.    a 

friend  of  — ,  einer  feiner  greunbe,  ein 

i^reunb  UOlt  ibm.     Sometimes  expressed 

by  tJie  def.  art.  ;  as,  ber  $nabe  bat  ben 

2lrm  gebrod)en.    (185.) 
historical  work,  baS  ©efcbidjtStDerf. 
history,  bie  ©efebicbte. 
hock,  ber  Dtbeimoein. 
hold,  balten.  —  fast,  feftbalten.  —back, 

juriictbalten.  — under,  unterbalten.  lay 

—  of,  feftnebmen. 
hole,  ba§  Socb.    (375.) 
holiday,  ber  Jeiertag. 
Holland,  £ollanb  (neut.). 


home. 


347 


ivory. 


home  :  go  — ,  nad)  §aufe  geljen.    at  — , 

ju  §aufe. 
honest,  ebrltd),  brao. 
honey,  ber  £>onig. 
honor,  bie*@bre. 
hope,  Ejoffert.     In  sentences  implying  a 

question,  bod) ;  as,  I  —  you  will  come  ? 

Sic fotnmen  bod)? 
horror,  ba§  ©rauen. 
horse,  ba3  $ferb. 
horsedealer,  ber  Spferbebanbler. 
host,  ber  SBirt(Ij). 
hostess,  bie  2Birt(b)in. 
hot,  £)eifj. 
hotel,  ber  ©aftbof,  baS  ©aftbau§,  ba§ 

§otel. 
hotel-keeper,  ber  ©aftnrirt(b),  ber  £o* 

telbefi$er. 


I. 


I,  id).    (35.) 

ice,  ba3  @i§. 

idle,  faul. 

idleness,  bie  £ragl)eit,  bie  ^aulbeit. 

idler,  ber  SJUtfjigganger,  ber  ^autenjer. 

if,  roenn,  ob.    as  — ,  a!3  ob. 

ill,  frant.     become  — ,  erfranten,  Irani 

toerben. 
illness,  bie  $rantbett.     recover  from  an 

— ,  genefen. 
illustrated,  iUuftri(e)rt. 
image,  ba§  Silb.    (375.) 
imagine,  fid)  einbilben.    (348.) 
immediate,  augenbltdlid),  jogleid). 
imperative  mood,  ber  3jt*peratio. 
impossible,  nnmbglid). 
improve,  oerbeffern. 
in,  in,  auf,  an,  berein.    —  it,  barin. 
inclined  :  be  — ,  toollen. 
indeed,  adv.  in  ber  £bat,  jroar.    interj. 

n)ir!lid) !  fo ! 
indigestible,  unDerbaulid). 
indisposition,  ba§  Unrooblfein. 
indolence,  bie  Sragbeit. 
induce,  ceranlaffen. 
industrious,  fleifcig. 
inform,  mitt(b)eilen. 
inhabit,  beroobnen. 
inhabitant,  ber  Seioobner. 
inherit,  erben. 
injure,  jd)aben.    (345.) 


hothouse,  ba§  SEreibbauS. 

hour,  bie  ©tunbe. 

house,  ba§  §<xv&.     at  his  — ,  bei  ibm. 

(375.) 
housemaid,  ba§  #au§mabd)en. 
house-rent,   bie  9JUet(b)e,   ber  iQauZs 

how,  nue,  auf  roeldje  SBeife.    —  do  you 

like,  roie  gefcillt  Sljnen  (bir)  ? 
however,  jebod),  aber,  inbefj,  inbeffen. 

—  dreadful,  fo  fd)redttd)  and).    —  much, 

n>ie  triel  audi). 
hundred,  bunbert.    (243,  3.) 
hungry,  bnngrig. 
hunt  after,  nadjftetten. 
hurt,  web,  tfyun,  r>eriet>en. 
husband,  ber  3Jlann,  ber  ©atte. 
hyacinth,  bie  ^najintbe,  ber  £oacint&. 

injurious,  fd)ablid). 
ink,  bie  £inte  CDinte). 
ink-spot,  ber  SCtntenfledS. 
inkstand,  ba§  £intenfafj.    (375.) 
inmate,  ber  33eroobner. 
innkeeper,  ber  2Birt(b). 
innocently,  nufd)ulbig. 
inquisitive,  neugierig. 
inquisitiveness,  bie  5Jleugier(be'). 
insect,  ba§  Qnfeft  (inject).  (370,  2.) 
inside,  inroenbtg. 
insist,  auf  etrca§  befteben. 
instead,  anftatt,  ftatt. 
instruction,  ber  Unterrid)t. 
intend,  beabfid)tigen,  gebenfen,  fid)  oor* 

nefymen. 
intention,  bie  2lbfid)t. 
intercourse,  ber  Umgang,  ber  SBerfebr. 
into,  in,  auf.    get  — ,  fytneinfommen. 
invitation,  bie  ©inlabung. 
invite,  einlaben. 
Ireland,  ^rlanb  (neut.).    (233.) 
Irish,  irifd),  irlanbifd).    (233.) 
Irishman,  ber  3>rlanber.   (233.) 
it,  e§,  ifjtt,  er,  fie.    of—,  bacon. 
Italian,^',  italieuifd) ;  n.  ber  ^taliener. 
Italy,  gtalien  (neut.).  (233.) 
item,  ber  ^often. 
its,  fein,  feiner,  beffen. 
itself,  e§  felbft,  felbft,  fid). 
ivory,  ba§  (Slfenbein. 


January. 


348 


library. 


J. 


January,  ber  ^anuar. 

jewel,  ber  (bag)  ^uroel. 

jeweller,  ber  guroelier.    — 's  shop,  ber 

gutoelierlaben. 
John,  ^ofjann. 
joiner,  ber  £ifd)Ier. 
joke,  n.  ber  <Sd)erj.    v.  fd)er5en. 
Joseph,  ^ofepb. 
journal,  bag  journal. 
journey,  bie  Steife. 


joy,  bie  ^reube.    gives  me  much—,  e3 

freut  mid)  fefjr. 
joyous,  fro^lid). 
judge,  ber  9iid)ter. 
juice,  ber  ©aft. 
juicy,  faftig. 

Julia,  Sulie.    gen.  ^ulienS. 
July,  ber  Suit. 
June,  ber  Sunt. 
just,  adv.  einmol,  bod)  einmal,  gerabe. 

—  as,  eben  fo.    —  now,  foeben. 


K. 


keep,  balten,  bebalten,  erbalten,  beroaljs 
ren.    —  together,  jufammenbalten. 

kennel,  ber  Stall. 

key,  ber  <5d)IiiffeI. 

kill,  to (b) ten,  umbringen,  fd)Iad)ten. 

kind,  n.  bie  2lrt.  what  —  of  a  ?  roag  fiir 
ein?  adj.  giitig,  freunblid).  be  so  — 
as  to,  feien  <Ste  fo  gut  unb. 

kindness,  bie  ©iite. 


king,  ber  5lonig. 

kitchen,  bie  £iid)e. 

knife,  bag  Sfteffer. 

knock,  flopfen.    —  against,  ftofcen.    — 

off,  abfd)Iagen,  I?erunterfd)lagen. 
know,  toiffen,  fennen.    you — ,  ja  {unac- 

cented) ;  as,  id)  tyabe  ja  teitt  33ud),  I  have 

no  book,  you  know. 
knowledge,  bag  3Biffen,  bie  tfenntnig. 


Ii. 


ladder,  bie  Ceiter. 

lady,  bie  Same. 

lamb,  bag  2amm.    (375.) 

language,  bie  Sprad)e. 

large,  grofj. 

lark,  bie  £erd)e. 

last,  lefct,  norig,  nergangen.    the  — ,  ber, 

bie,  bag  Sefcte.    —  night,  geftern  2Ibenb, 

uergangene  9iad)t.    at  — ,  jule^t,  enbs 

lid). 
late,  fpcit.    of  — ,  in  ber  lefcten  3eit. 
later,  fpater. 
Latin,  lateinifd). 

latitude,  degree  of,  ber  S3reitengrab. 
latter,  le$t,  biefer. 
laugh,  lad)en.    to  make  — ,  jum  Sad)en 

bringcn,  Iad)en  mad)en. 
lay,  legen.    —  hold  of,  feftnet)tnen. 
lazy,  faul,  trage. 

lead-pencil,  ber  33leiftift,  bie  SBleifeber. 
leaf,  bag  SBlatt.  (375.) 
learn,  lerncn. 
least :  at  — ,  roenigfteng. 


leave,  laffen,  cerlaffen,  abgeben,  abreis 

fen,  fortgeljen.    —  out,   auglaffen.    — 

in  the  lock,  in  bent  <3d)lofj  ftecf  en  laffen. 

—  the  carriage,  augfteigen. 
lecture,  bie  SSorlefung. 
left  (opp.  to  right),  linl.    — .(remaining), 

iibrig  bleiben. 
leg,  bag  SBein. 

Leipsic,  adj.  leipjiger.  (230,  l.) 
lend,  teiben. 

less  :  in  —  than,  in  roeniger  alg. 
lesson,  bie  Stunbe,   bie  Seftion.    give 

(take)  — s  in,  Stunben  geben  (nebmen)  tn. 
let,  laffen.     they  are  to  be  — ,  fie  ftnb  5U 

nermict(b)en. 
letter,  ber  SBrief. 
letter-carrier,  ber  33rieftrager. 
lever-watch,  bie  ©nlinberuljr. 
Lewis,  Subroig. 
liberty,  bie  ^reu)eit.    take  the  — ,  fid) 

bie  ^reibeit  nebmen. 
library,  bie  SUbliotljet.    circulating  — , 

bie  Ceibbibliotbel. 


lie.                                          ™ 

by                                         mine. 

lie,  liegen. 

load,  bie  Saft. 

life,  ba3  Seben. 

loaded,  belaben,  gelaben. 

light, «.  ba§  £id)t.   (375.)    adj.  letdjt. 

lock,  n.  ba§  ©cbjofj  (375.) ;  v.  fcbjiefjen. 

lighten,  erleid)tern. 

—  up,  einfdfliefjen. 

lightning,  ber  33lr§. 

locomotive,  bie  Sofomottoe. 

light-yellow,  E)ellgelb. 

London,  adj.  lonboner.    (230, 1.) 

like,  adv.  roie.     v.  gern,  w//£  ^&?  appro- 

long, adj.   lang;    adv.  lange.    —  ago, 

priate  verb:   gem   baben,    mogen.     I 

fdion  lange. 

should  — ,  id)  mod)te  gern  (^r  tdE)  roiirbe 

longer,  langer. 

gem),     with   infin.  :    —    good    apples, 

look,  feljen,  fd»auen,  auSfeljen,  nacfifefyen ; 

gern  gute  Spfel  effcn.    I  do  not—  going 

—  at  anfeben.    —  for,  fudjen.    —  out, 

so  fast,  id)  faljre  nid)t  gem  fo  fdniell.    I 

I;inau5feb,en.    —  over,  burcbjeljen. 

—  it  well,  e3  gefallt  mir.    I  —  the  book, 

looking-glass,  ber  Spiegel. 

ba§  33udj  gefallt  mir.    (See  alike.) 

lose,  rjerlieren. 

lily,  bie  Silie.    —  of  the  valley,  ba§  SUlais 

loss,  ber  SBertuft. 

bliimdjen. 

loud,  laut. 

linen,  bie  Seinroanb. 

'Louisa,  Sutfe. 

lion,  ber  Soroe. 

Louisa  Street,  bie  Sutfenftrafee. 

little,  flein,  roenig.    a  — ,  ein  roenig.    a 

love,  lieben. 

—  while  ago,  oorbin,  oor  einem  roetldjen. 

low,  niebrig. 

live,  leben,  rooljnen. 

luggage,  ba§  ©epacf. 

M. 


magistrate,  ber  9>ftcbter. 
magnificent,  prad)ttg,  tyerrlid). 
mahogany,  ba§  2Jiaf)agom. 
maid-servant,  bie  2Jiagb.    (371.) 
mainspring,  bie  ^auptfeber. 
maintain,  beb,aupten. 
majesty,  bie  Sftajeftat. 
make,  madden,    get  made,  madjen  laffen. 

—  one's  appearance,  erfdjeinen.     —  use 
of,  (&tbvau<i)  madjen  oon,  benujjen. 

mamma,  bie  ailatna. 
man,  ber  3)Jenfd)  (377),  ber  3Jtann.   (374.) 
manner:  in  the  best  — ,  auf§  23efte. 
many,  niele.    a  great  — ,  febr  triele.   hew 

—  times  ?  rote  oielmal  ?   with  —  thanks, 
tnit  grofjem  2)cmr. 

March,  ber  2Mrj. 

market,  ber  2ftarft. 

Market  Street,  bie  Sttarrtftrafje. 

Mary,  3Karie. 

mass,  bie  SJtafje. 

master,  ber  SJieifter,  ber  £err,  ber  Seb* 

rer.    be  —  of  a  language,  einer  ©pradje 

madjtig  feirt. 
material,  ba§  3euS» 
matter:  what  is  the  — ?   roa§  giebt'S? 

what's  the  —  with  you  ?  wa§  fe&It  3b* 

nail 


May,  ber  3Wai. 

may,  mogen,  fonnen,  biirfen. 

me,  mid),  mir.  (35.) 

meal  (breakfast,  etc.),  bie  3JtabJjeit.    to 

enjoy  one's—,  fid)' §  roobj  fdjmecf  en  laffen. 
mean  :  in  the  —  time,  unterbeffen. 
means,  bie  SHittel.  by  —  of,  uermtttelft. 
measure,  ba§  5Jla(a)§.    take  one's  —  for 

anything,  einem  ba§  2Jta(a)f$  ju  etroaS 

nebmen. 
meat,  ba§  $Ieifd). 
meddle  with,  fid;  in  (etroaS)  mengen 

or  mifdjen. 
meet,  begegnen.  (346.)  —  with,  finben. 
memory,  ba§  ©ebad)tni§. 
men,  bie  2Jtenfd)en. 
mend,  flitfen,  auSbeffem. 
mention,  erroabjten,  fagen. 
mice,  bie  3Kaufe. 
midnight,  bie  2>Uttemad)t. 
milk,  bie  aJiilct). 
mind  :  «.  to  have  a  — ,  Suft  baben.    v. 

never  — !  e3  tfjut  ntd)t§  !  e3  ntad)t  md;t3 

au3 !    laffen  ©ie   nur !     —   one's  own 

business,  fid)  urn  fid)  befiimmern. 
mindful,  eingebenf. 
mine,  ber,  bie,  ba§  meinige,  a  friend  of 

— ,  ein  §rennb  oon  mir.  (185.) 


minute. 


350 


notwithstanding. 


minute,  bie  SJHnute. 
minute-hand,  ber  9Winutenjeiger. 
miss,  Jraulein. 
mistake,    ber  ^ebler.     without    a  — , 

obne  $ebler. 
mister,  ber  §err.  (377.) 
mistress,  bie  %xan. 
modern,   neu.    —  languages,  bie  neu* 

eren  ©pradjen. 
moment,  ber  2Iugenbltcf. 
Monday,  ber  SJJontag. 
money,  baS  ©elb.  ready—,  bactreS  @elb. 
monkey,  ber  2lffe. 
month,  ber  2)tonat. 
moon,  ber  3Jionb. 
more,    tnefyr,    (also  expressed  by  comp. 

ending) ;  a  few  — ,  nod)  ein  ^Saar.    no — , 

not  any  — ,  nid)t  tnebr. 
moreover,  uberbieS. 
morning,  ber  3Jlorgen.     in  the  — ,  be§ 

3Jtorgen§. 


moss,  ba3  2Jloo3. 

most :  —  scantily,    auf§  armlid)fte. 

heartily,  berjlicbft  or  aufZ  berjlidifte. 
mother,  bie  abutter. 
mountain,  ber  23erg. 
mouse,  bie  -Dtau§. 
move,  beroegen,  riicfen. 
Mr.,  see  mister. 
Mrs.,  see  mistress. 
much,  oiel.    —  obliged,  id)  banle  fdibn, 

id)  banf e  befteuS,  id)  bin  S^nen  febr  »er* 

bunben.    very  — ,  febr. 
museum,  ba§  -Hiufeuttt. 
music,  bie  9)Jufif. 
must,  tnilffen,  biirfen. 
mustard,  ber  <5enf. 
mute,  ftumtn. 
my,  tnein.  (53.) 
myself,  felbft,  mid),  tnir. 


N. 


nail,  ber  5TCctgeI. 

name,  ber  5Rame.    (376.) 

namely,  nntnentlid),  namlid). 

nap  :  take  a  — ,  ein  Sdjlafcben  bctlten. 

narrow,  enge. 

native,  n.  ber  Gingeborene. 

natural(ly),  nctturlid). 

natural  history,  bie  9tatr.rgejd)id)te. 

naughty,  bb\t,  UlMrtig. 

near,  nabe,  neben,  bet,  beinabe,  faft. 

necessary,  not(b)roenbig. 

neckerchief,  ba§  &al$tud).   (375.) 

need,  braudjen. 

neglect,  Dernacblafiigen,  oerfaumen. 

neighbor,  ber  5flacbbar,  bie  9lacbbarin. 

neighborhood,  bie  9iad)barfd)aft,  bie 

©egenb. 
neither,  unb  ....  aud)  md)t.  neither .... 

nor,  n>eber....nod). 
nephew,  ber  Sfteffe. 
nest,  ba§  STCeft. 

never,  nie,  niemal§.    — yet,  nod)  nie. 
nevertheless,  nid)t§befton>emger. 
new,  neu,  frifdb. 

newly  arrived,  neu  cmgefomtnen. 
news,  bie  ^eitung. 
newspaper,  bie  ^eitung. 


next,  next  to,  nadjft. 

niece,  bie  9Hd)te. 

night,  bie  5ftad)t,  ber  2lbenb.     last  — , 

geftern  3tbenb,  nergangene  9tadE>t. 
nightingale,  bie  iftacbttgaU. 
nine,  neun. 
nineteen,  neunjebn. 
nineteenth,  ber  neunjebnte. 
ninth,  neunt  (ber  neunte,  etc.), 
no,  nein ;  fein.    —  one,    9ttemanb.    — 

longer,  nid)t  tttebr.     —  more  than,  nid)t 

mebr  ctl§. 
nobody,  9Hemanb. 
noise,  ba§  ©eraufd). 
none,  tetner,  teine,  feine§. 
nor,  nod) ;   aud) ....  nid»t.     neither 

nor,  roeber . . .  .nod). 
north,  ber  9torb(en). 
northerly,  norblid). 
not.  nicbt.    —  yet,  nod)  ntd)t.    —  till, 

erft.     —  a,  —  any,  tetn.     —  any  more, 

—  any  longer,  md)t  mel)r.    —  at  all,  gar 

nid)t.     —   anything,    md)t§.     is   it  —  ? 

nid)t  roobr? 
nothing,  nid)t§.    —  but,  md)t3  al§. 
notwithstanding,  ungeadjtet,  obgleid), 

bennod),  befjenungeadjtet. 


noyel. 


351 


papa. 


novel,  ber  9Joman. 

November,  ber  -Jiooember. 

now,  nun,  je^t.    —  and  then,  bann  unb 

mann. 
now  ....  now,  balb  ....  balb. 


number,  bie  3abl,  bie  Slnjabl. 
numerous,  jal)lreid). 
nut,  bie  Sfhifc.  (371.) 
nut-tree,  ber  9lu$baum. 


o. 


oak,  bie  ®id)e. 

oak-forest,  ber  ©idjroalb. 

oats,  ber  §afer. 

obey,  fofgen,  befolgen. 

oblige,  tier binben.  be  obliged,  miiffen  and 
follen.  he  was  obliged  to  learn  it,  er  bat 
e§  lernen  miiffen.  to  be  much  obliged  to 
one,  einer.  febr  oerbunben  (banf  bar)  fein. 

obstinate,  eigenftnntg. 

occupy  (live  in),  beroofynen. 

occupied,  befdjaftigt. 

occur,  uortommen,  einf alien. 

ocean,  bo§  2)1  eer. 

October,  ber  Oftober  (October). 

odious,  »erb,apt. 

of,  von,  au§,  an.  the  battle  —  Leipsic, 
bie  Sd)lad)t  bei  Seipjig.  fear — ,  §urd)t 
OOr ;  often  translated  by  the  gen.,  and 
sometimes  untranslated. 

off,  con. 

offer,  v.  bieten,  barbieten,  anbieten.  — 
up  prayers,  beten.    n.  ba3  9lnerbieten. 

officer,  ber  Officer. 

oft,  often,  oft. 

ob  !  ob  !  ad) ! 

old,  alt. 

on,  auf,  an,  ju,  bei.  —  Thursday,  am 
©onnerStag. 

once,  eintnal.  —  more,  nod)  einmal 
(ein  3ftal).  —  a  week,  einmal  bie  2Bodje. 
at  — ,  jogleid),  fofort,  auf  ber  ©telle. 

one,  man.    the  — ,  berjenige. 

only,  allein,  blo§,  nur,  erft  (if  time  is 
implied);  as,  erft  geftern,  e§  ift  erft  12 
Ubr.    —  think,  benlen  ©ie  nur. 


open,  v.  Bffnen,  aufmad)en.    adj.  offen. 

opera,  bie  Dper. 

opinion,  bie  sJJleinung. 

opportunity,  bie  ©elegenbeit. 

oppose,  fid)  roiberfefcen. 

opposite,  gegeniibcr  (with.  dat.). 

or,  ooer,  fonft. 

orally,  miinblid). 

orange,  bie  Drange. 

order,  n.  bie  93eftellung.    in  —  that,  bas 

mit.    in  —  to,  urn ...  ju ;  v.  bef  eblen,  be* 

ftellen.  —  to  be  made,  madjen  laffen. 
organ,  ba§  Drgan. 
ostrich,  ber  ©traujj.    (370.) 
other,  anber;  ber,  bie,  ba3  anbere.    the 

—  day,  neulid).  on  the  — hand,  bagegen. 

— wise,  fonft. 
ought,  follte. 
our,  ours,  unfer  ;  ber  unfrige.    a  friend 

of—,  ein  ftrcunb  oon  un§.    (185.) 
ourselves,  uu§  felbft. 
out,  au%,  braufjen. 
out  of,  auZ. 
outside,  auSroenbig.    on  the  — ,  aufjers 

l)alb. 
over,  iiber.    —  it,  bariiber. 
overcoat,  ber  iiberrocf. 
overtake,  einljolen. 
owe,  fcbulbig  fein,  fdmlben.     it  is  not 

altogether  owing  to . . .,  e§  tommt  nid)t 

ganj  unb  gar  baoon,  bafc . . . 
own,  adj.  eigen. 
owner,  ber  93efh)er. 
ox,  ber  Dd)§.    (377.) 


P. 


page,  bie  ©eite. 
pain,  ber  Sd>merj. 
painful,  fdjmersbaft. 
pains  :  take  — ,  fid)  HJliibe  geben. 
paint,  malen.    have  one's  picture  — ed, 
fid)  malen  laffen. 


painter,  ber2J?aler. 
painting,  ba$  ©emalbe. 
pair,  ba3  tyaav. 
palace,  ber  ^alaft. 
palatable,  fdjmadbaft. 
papa,  ber  $apa,  Stater.    (367.) 


paper.                                       *>< 

)J                                      pound. 

paper,  bag  papier,  bie  geitung. 

piece,    bag    Stiicf.    —  of  money,    bag 

parasol,  ber  ©onnenfdjirm. 

©elbftud.    —  of  poetry,    bag    ©ebidjt. 

pardon,  v.  rerjeiben  ;  —  me,  idj  bitte  urn 

tear  in  — s,  jerreifjen.    break  to  — s,  jer* 

SSerjeiljung.    n.  bie  SSerjei^ung. 

bredjen. 

parents,  bie  ©Item.; 

pig,  bag  Sdjroein. 

Paris,  adj.  parifer. 

pigeon,  bie  £aube. 

park,  ber  Sparl. 

pillow,  ba§  $iffen. 

parrot,  ber  ^3apagei. 

pin,  bie  ©tednabel. 

part,  ber  £(lj)eil.    for  the  most  — ,  for  the 

pineapple,  bie  2Inanag. 

greater  —  of  the  time,  tneiftent(b)eil3. 

pink,  bie  9Mfe. 

particularly,  befonberg,  namentlid). 

pistol,  bie  SjBiftoIe. 

partly,  t(b>ilg. 

pity,  bag  2flitleib,  bag  grbarmen.  take  — 

party,  bie  ©efeUfd)aft. 

on,  fid)  erbarmen.    it  is  a  great  — ,  eg  ift 

pass :  —  over,  iiberf  e$en.    —  away,  ner* 

fcbr  <5cb,abe. 

tretben.    —  by,  ooriibergeben. 

place,  n.  ber  $la§,  ber  Drt,  bie  ©telle. 

passage,  bie  iiberfabrt. 

take  — ,  ftatt  finben,  ftatt  baben,   nor? 

past,  nad).     five  minutes  —  six,  fiinf  3Jlts 

fallen,    in  this  — ,  bier.    v.  ftellen,  bins 

nuten  nad)  fed)g  ;  a  quarter  —  eight,  ein 

ftellen,  fe^en,  legen. 

SSievtel  auf  neun.      half  —  three,  balb 

plant,  pflanjen,  fefcen,  ftecEen. 

trier,  etc. 

plate,  ber  Seller. 

patience,  bie  ©ebulb. 

play,  v.  fpielen  ;  n.  bag  ©piel,  bag  Stilcf 

pay,  bejabjen,  entricbten.  —  a  visit,  einen 

(&rama). 

Sefucb,  madden. 

playground,  ber  ©pielpla^. 

pea,  bie  ©rbfe. 

plaything,  bie  Spieljadje. 

pear,  bie  93irne. 

pleasant,angenebnt. 

peasant,  ber  SBcwer.  (368.) 

please,  gefallen  {with  dot.),  bebagen,  be* 

peel,  fd)alen. 

lieben.  if  you  — ,  or  si?n/>ly  please,  bitte, 

peg,  ber  £oI$nageI. 

bod),  gefatligft. 

pen,  bie  geber. 

pleasure,  bag  SSergniigen.    to  give  one 

penny,  ber  pfennig. 

— ,  einem  SSergniigen  mad) en.    what  is 

people,  bie  2eute. 

your  — ,  mag  beliebt  Sbnen  ? 

pepper,  ber  Spfeffer. 

plenty  of  money,  triel  ©elb. 

perceive,  erblicfen,  bemertcn. 

plough,  pfliigen. 

perform,  uollbringen. 

pluck,  pfliiden,  abbred)en. 

perhaps,  xrieHeidjt,  ctma. 

pocket,  bie  £afa)e. 

permission,   bie    ©rlaubnig,  bie    (Sin? 

pocket-hook,  bie  2Jrieftafd)e. 

nriUigung. 

poetry,  piece  of,  bao  ©ebid)t. 

permit,  erlanben,  einnrilligen. 

pointed,  gefpifct. 

personal,  perjonlid). 

policeman,  ber  ^olijeibiener 

photograph,  pb,otograpbi(c)ren.    have 

police-office,  bag  ^?olijeiamt. 

one's   —    taken,    fid)    pbotograbi(e)ren 

polite(ly),  boflicb.    most—,  boflicbft. 

laffen. 

pony,  ber  Sponn. 

photographer,  ber  ^pbotogropb. 

poor,  arm.    the  — ,  bie  2Irmen. 

phrase,  bie  spbraje. 

portrait,  bag  portrait. 

physician,  ber  Slrgt. 

possession :  take  —  of,  fid)  bemadjtigen, 

physics,  bie  $b«ftf. 

possessor,  ber  23efifcer. 

pianist,  ber  SJManofpieler,  ^laoierfpieler. 

possible,  moglia),  etroaig. 

pick  up,  auflefen. 

postman,  ber  Srieftrager. 

picture,  bao  ©emalbe,  bag  SBilb.  (375.) 

post-office,  bie  spoft,  bag  ^ofiamt. 

picture-hook,  bag  SSilberbud). 

potato,  bie  flartoffel. 

picture-gallery,  bie  ©emalbegallerie. 

pound,  bag  ^Jfunb. 

pour. 


353 


raven. 


pour,  giefeen,  fdjiitten.  —out,  auSgtefeen, 

einfd)en!en.  —  in,  btneinfdjutten  (giefjen) 

or  einfd^iitten  (giefjen). 
practise,  v.  iiben. 
pray,  interj.  bitte  !  v.  beten. 
prayer  :  offer  up  — s,  betert. 
precaution,  bie  23orfid)t. 
preceding,  oorbergebenb. 
precious,  foftbar. 
precise,  beftimmt,  gertau.    the  —  time, 

bie  beftimmte  3ett  (Stunbe). 
prefer,  norjieben. 
prepare,  bereiten. 
preposition,  bie  5J3rapofition. 
presence  of  mind,  bie  ©eifteSgegens 

roart. 
present,  adj.  anroefenb,  jefcig ;  «.  ba5 

©efcfjenf.    to  make  a  —  of,  jum  ©efdjent 

matfjen.    at—,  b,eutig,  jefct ;  v.  prafen? 

ti(e)ren,  barbieten. 
preserve,  erljalten.    —  from,  befiiiten, 

beroafyren  (nor). 
pretend,  roollen,  fidt>  amnafjen. 
pretty,    biibfd).     —  well,    siemlicb,   gut 

(roobl). 
prevent,  (oer)binbem. 

previous,      i  norbergebenb,  oorber. 
previously,  ) 
price,  ber  Spret3. 
prinirose,  bie  ©cbluffelblutne. 
prince,  ber  'ftuxft.   (377.) 
princess,  bie  ^rinjeffin,  bie  $iirfttn. 
principal,  ber  23orfteb,er. 
probably,  roatirfcbeinlicb. 


proceed,  fortfabrert. 

progress,    ber   fjortfdjritt.      make  — , 

^ortftfjritte  tnadjen. 
promise,  n.    bo§  33erfprecben ;  v.  oers 

jpredjen. 
pronunciation,  bie  2lu§fprad)e. 
proper,  reajt. 
property,  ba3  93ermogen. 
proposal,  ber  23orfd)lag. 
protect,  fcfyiifcen  (from,  gegen),  beroabren 

(nor). 
Protestant,  ber  ^roteftant. 
proud,  ftolj,  Ijodjmuttbjig. 
provide,  nerfeljen,  nerforgen. 
provided,  conj.  t>orau<jgefe£t. 
Prussia,  tyveu%tn  (tieut.).   (233.) 
Prussian,  adj.  preufcifd) ;  n.  ber  ^reufee. 
public,  offentlid). 

pull,  jiebert.    —  out,  (tje^auSjieben. 
pupil,  ber  Stiller,  bie  ©djiilerin. 
purchase,  n.  ber  ©infauf. 
purple,  blau. 
purpose  :  answer  the,  —  bent  3tt)ecf  ertts 

fpredjen.    on  — ,  mit  gleifj,  mit  SBorfafc, 

gem. 
purse,  bie  93orfe. 
push,  ftofjen. 
put,  fefcen,  ftellen,  legen,  ftetfen,  bangen. 

—  into  the  pocket,  einftetfen  (in  bie 
£afd)e  ftecfen).  —  on  (around)  the  neck 
of,  anbangen.  — in,  bineintbun,  bjneins 
ftecfen,  fjineinfe^en  or  -ftellen  or  -legen, 
einftecfen.    —  on,   auffe^en,   anjietien. 

—  out,  au§mad)en,  auSlofcben. 


Q. 


quacking,  quofenb. 

quantity,  bie  Buantitat. 

quarter,  ba§  SSiertel.  —  of  an  hour, 
bie  SStertelftunbe.  a  —  to  eight,  brei 
SSiertel  auf  ad)t.  a  —  past  eight,  ein 
SSiertel  auf  neun. 


queen,  bie  $omgin. 

question,  bie  forage,  ask  a  —  of,  eine 
groge  ridjten  an.  but  when  the  — 
arose,  al§  e§  aber  gu  ber  $rage  tarn. 

quick,  — ly,  fdjnell,  raja). 

quite,  ganj. 


B. 


radish,  ba§  SftabteSajen. 
rail :  by—,  mit  ber  ©if  eubabn. 
railroad,  bie  ©ifenbatin. 
railway  station,  ber  Saljntiof. 
rain,  «.  ber  9Jegen ;  v.  regnen. 
rank  high,  i;ocb  ftetjen. 


rascal,  ber  <Sd)urie. 

raspberry,  bie  ^itnbeere. 

rate  (of  exchange),  ber  £ur§    ($our3, 

©ours),    at  any  — ,  jebenfallS. 
rather,  lieber,  jiemlid). 
raven,  ber  WaH. 


raw. 


354 


savory. 


raw,  raub. 

reach,  reid)en,  erreicben. 

read,  lejen. 

reading,  n.  ba§  Sefen. 

reading-book,  ba§  2efebucb. 

ready,  bereit,  fertig.  — made,  fertig.  — 
money,  ba(a)re§  ©elb. 

really,  roirflid). 

reason,  bie  Urfadje,  ber  ©runb.   for  this 
— .  au§  biefcm  ©runb. 

receive,  crbalten,  befommen. 

recently,  ueulid). 

recommend,  empfeblen. 

recover,  genefen. 

rectify,  bertdjtigen. 

red,  rot(§). 

redbreast,  ba§  9lot(E))fet)ld>en. 

reduce,  rebu$i(e)ren  (rebuciren). 

refuse,  fid)  wcigern. 

regret,  bebauem. 

regulation,  bie  93erorbnung. 

rejoice,  fid)  freuen. 

relate,  erjabjen. 

relation,  ber  SSertoanbte. 

remain,  bleiben. 

remainder,  ber  SReft. 

remember,  fid}  erirmerrt  (with  gen.'). 

remind,  erinnern  (of,  an). 

remove,  jieben,  au§jief)en. 

repeat,  nrieberbolen. 

replace,  erfe$en. 

reply,  erroiebern. 

report,  ba§  ©eriidji. 

represent,  barftellen. 

request,  bitten,  erfudjen,  bitten  laffen. 

resemble,  gleidjen,  abnlid)  fein. 

reside,  roobnen,  fid)  aufljalten. 

resist,  trnberfteben,  fid;  nriberfefcen. 


resound,  ertonen. 

respect :  in  this  — ,  in  biefer  Sejiebung. 

retinue,  bas  ©efolge. 

return,  v.    juriidfommen,    juritrffebren, 

nrieberfommen,  juriidgeben ;  n.  bie  9HUt» 

febr. 
revile,  jcbimpfen,  fcbelten. 
reward,  lofynen,  beloljnen. 
rewarded,  belobnt. 
Rhenish  wine,  ber  Kbeinroein. 
rheumatism,  ber  SKbeumati§mu§. 
Rhine,  ber  9tljein. 
rich,  retd). 

rid  :  get  —  of,  Io§  roerben. 
ride,  n.  ber  Diitt ;  v.  reiten  or  faljren  (in 

a  carriage). 
right,  red)t.    be  in  the  — ,  9ted>t  baben. 
ring,  ber  9iing. 
ripe,  reif. 
river,  ber  ^h\%. 
rob,  berauben,  rauben, 
robber,  ber  Siauber. 
roof,  ba§  %ad). 
room,  ba§  3imm^r« 
rose,  bie  SRofe. 
rough,  unruljig. 
royal,  foniglid). 
rubbish,  ber  $Iunber. 
ruin,  bie  Dtuine.  f 

rule,  bie  Dtegel. 
run,  rennen,    laufen.     —  off  or   away 

(from),  entflietjen,  entlaufen,  fortlaufen, 

fortrennen,    burd/laufen,    burdj'geben. 

—  in,  bjneinlaufen.    —  through,  burdj? 

laufen.   —  after,  mdjlaufen.    —  about, 

umberlaufen. 
Russia,  SRuftfanb  (neut.). 
Russian  «.  ber  9tuffe;  adj.  rufftfdj. 


s. 


sabre,  ber  ©fibel. 
sad,  traurig. 

saddle-bag,  bie  Satteltafdje. 
safe,  fitter. 
sage,  tneife. 

sake  :  for  the  —  of,  urn  .  .  .  roiQen.    for 
my  — ,  um  meinetroiUen,  nteinetbalben. 
salad,  ber  (Salat. 
sale,  ber  SBerfauf,  bie  33erfteigerung. 
salt,  ba§  Salj. 


salted,  gefaljen. 

salute,  griifjen. 

same :  the  — ,  berfelbe.  the—  as,  gerabe 

fo  toie.    at  the  — time,  ju  gleidjer  3eit. 
sample,  bie  SjBrobe. 
satisfied,  jufrieben. 
Saturday,  ber  ©onnabenb,  ber  6am§* 

tag. 
save,  retten,  fparen. 
savory,  fcbtnactbaft. 


say. 


355 


slowly. 


say,  fagen,    fpredjen.    are   said,   follen. 

I  — !  £oren  Sie  eirtmol,  —  <3ie! 
scuntily,  armlid). 
scarcely,  faum. 
scatter  about,  umberftreuen. 
school,  bie  Sdmle. 
Scotch,  fdjottifd^. 
Scotchman,     ber    ©djottlanber,    bcr 

©djotte. 
Scotland,  ©cfjottlanb  {neut.). 
sea,  bie  See,  ba§  2Jteer. 
seasick,  feefranl. 
seasickness,  bie  ©eefrcmfbeit. 
seat,  v.  tr.  fetjen.    take  a  — ,  einfteigen. 
second,  jroeit. 
sediment,  ber  <5atj. 
see,  feber,  nacbjefyen,  befud)en.  —  again, 

roieberfeben. 
seek,  fudjen. 

seem,  fdjeinen,  oorfommen. 
seize,  ergreifen. 
seldom,  felten. 
self:  one's  — ,  fid),  fidj  felbft. 
self-cultivated,  felbft  gegogen. 
sell,  oerfaufen.  — by  auction,  oerfteigern. 
send,  fettben,  fcbjden.  —  alongwith,  mits 

fd;iden.    — for,  bolen  Ictffen. 
sentence,  ber  <Sa§. 
September,  ber  September. 
servant,  ber  SDiener,  bie   SDlogb,    ba§ 

SHenftmabdjen. 
serve,  bierten.    —  dinner,  ba§  3Jlittag§= 

effen  auftragen. 
service,  ber  SDtenft. 
serviceable,  biertftbar. 
set, fe^ert,  geben. 
settle  :   —  a  business,  em  ©efdjaft  dbs 

madden. 
seven,  fieben. 
seventeen,  fiebjebn. 
seventh,  fiebent  (ber  fiebente,  etc.). 
several,  oerfd)ieben. 
shade,  ber  <Sd)cttten. 
shall,  foil,  roerbe. 
shape,  bie  ©eftalt. 
sharp,  fd>arf. 

shave,  bctrbi(e)ren,  ben  93art  fd>e(e)ren. 
shawl,  ber  <SbctroI. 
she,  fie,  biefelbe. 
sheep,  ba§  Sdjaf. 
sheet,  ber  Sogen  (Ropier). 


shelter,  ba3  Dbbad),  ber  <5dju$. 

sherry,  ^ereS  (36ere§),  {neut.). 

shift :  make  — ,  fid)  bebelfen. 

shilling:,  ber  Shilling. 

shine,  fdjeinen. 

shirt,  ba§  £etrtb. 

shoe,  ber  ©djiib. 

shoemaker,  ber  ©djuljmadjer. 

shoot,  fdriefjen. 

shop,  ber  Saben. 

short,  furj. 

show,  jeigen. 

shrub,  ba§  ©ebiifdj. 

shut,  sumadjeu. 

sick,  franf. 

side  :  on   this  — ,   bte§feit§.     on   that  — , 

jenfeitS. 
sight:  by  — ,  con  2lnfeben.   at—,  {mus.) 

oom  93latte. 
silence  :  in  — ,  fdjtoeigenb. 
silk,  n.  bie  Seibe ;  adj.  feiben.    different 

— s,  jeibene  Stoffe. 
silly,  eirtfdltig,  albern. 
silver,  n.   ba§  Silber;    adj.    (made  of 

silver)  filbem. 
similar,  abnltdj. 
since,  feit,  feitbent. 
singing:,  n.  ber  ©efang. 
sir,  mein  §err. 
sister,  bie  ©djioefter. 
sit,  fujert. 

sitting-room,  ba3  SBobngimmer. 
situation,  bie  ©tellung. 
six,  fed)3. 
sixteen,  fedise^n. 

sixteenth,  feebjebnt  (ber  fe^jebnte,  etc.). 
sixth,  fedjft  (ber  fed)§te). 
skate  n.  ber  <Sd)littfd)uf> ;  v.  <Scblittfd)u&, 

Icwfen. 
skater,  ber  <Sd)littfd;«bfabre*r  {or  *lam 

fer). 
skillful,  gefc&Jdt. 
slate,  bie  SCafet. 
slate-pencil,  ber  ©riffel. 
slaughter,  fcfylacbten. 
slay,  evfd)lagen. 
sleep,  v.  fd)lafen  ;  n.  ber  ©c&taf. 
sleepy,  fdjlafrig. 
slice,  ba§  ©ti'tdeben. 
slipper,  ber  ^antoffel. 
slowly,  tangfam. 


small. 


356 


suspected. 


small,  flein,  ofte?i  expressed  by  a  dimin- 
utive ending;  as,  3Mbd)eii. 

smoke,  n.  ber  9taud) ;  v.  raud)en. 

smoking-room,  ba§  9iaud)3immer. 

smoky,  raud)ig. 

snap,  fdjnappen. 

snare  :  lay  — s,  nacbfteHen. 

snow,  fcbneien.    it  — s,  e$  fcbneit. 

so,  fo.  —  that,  fo  bafj.  —  as  {followed 
by  ififin.  and  denoting  purpose),  Ultt, 

so-called,  fogenannt. 

sofa,  ba§  Sofa. 

soft,  roeid). 

soft-boiled,  toeid)gefotten,  n>etd)gefod)t. 

soil,  befdjnuujen. 

soldier,  ber  ©olbat. 

solid,  gebiegen,  bauerbaft. 

some,  irgenb  em,  etn>a§,  fein,  einige, 
n)eld)e§  (sometimes  not  translated).  — 
other,  anbere§. 

somebody,  !yemanb. 

something,  etroa§. 

sometimes,  jinoeilen,  mand)mal. 

son,  ber  ©obit. 

song,  ber  ©efang,  ba§  2ieb. 

soon,  balb.    as —  as,  fo  balb  al§. 

sooner,  friiber. 

sorry  :  I  am  very  — ,  e3  tbut  mir  f  ebr  leib. 

sort,  bie  ©orte,  bie  2lrt.  of  all  — s,  aller 
2lrt.    what  —  of  a,  too.3  fiir  ein. 

sour,  fauer. 

south,  ber  ©ilben. 

southerly,  — rn,  fiiblid). 

south-wind,  ber  ©ubtoinb. 

sow,  faen. 

speak,  fpred)en. 

speculation,  bie  Spefulatton. 

spend,  jubringen,  hinbringen. 

spinach,  -age,  ber  ©pinat. 

splendid,* prdd)tig,  Ijcrrlid). 

spoil,  oerberben. 

sponge,  ber  ©d)n>amtn. 

spoon,  ber  So ff el. 

spring,  ber  ^riibling,  ba§  grubjabr. 

square,  ber  $pia§. 

stable,  ber  ©tall. 

stairs,  bie  Xreppe. 

stale,  trocfen. 

stand,  fteben. 

start  (for),  abge&en  or  abfabren  (nad)). 

State,  v.  angeben. 


station  (railway),  ber  23abnl>of. 

stay,  v.   bleiben,  fid)  aufbalten ;  n.  ber 

Slufentbalt. 
steal,  fteblen. 
stealthily,  oerftoblen. 
steamer,  ba$  2)ampfboot,  ba§  Sampfs 

fd)iff,    by—,  mit  bem  Sampfboot. 
stick,  «.  ber  Stocf ;  v.  ftecfen. 
still,   adv.    nod) ;    conj.   bod),  bennod).. 

gleicbroobl. 
sting,  v.  ftecben  ;  «.  ber  ©tad)el. 
stock  (a  plant),  bie  Seofoje. 
stocking,  ber  ©trumpf. 
stop,  anljalten.  —  payment,  bie  3a&Iung 

einftellen. 
story,  bie  ©efd)id)te. 
stove,  ber  Dfen. 
strange,  frentb,  fonberbar. 
stranger,  ber  ^rembe. 
Strasburg,  n.  ©trafjburg  (neul.);  adj. 

ftrafjburger. 
strawberry,  bie  Grbbeere. 
street,  bie  ©trafje. 
strike,  fd)Iagen. 
strong,  ftarf. 
stronghold,  bie  Surg. 
student,  ber  ©tubent. 
study,  n.  ba§  ©tubium;  v.  ftubi(e)ren. 
succeed   {used  impersonally) ,   gelingen, 

gliicfen.    he  — s  in  it,  es  gliitft  ibm.     I 

— ed   completely,  e§  gelang  mir  uolls 

fommen. 
such,  fold),  fo. 
suffer,  leiben,  erleiben.    —  from,  leiben 

an. 
suit,  jufagen,  be^agen. 
sum,  bie  Summe,  bie  9*ed)nung. 
summer,  ber  Somtner. 
sun,  bie  ©oune. 
Sunday,  ber  ©onntag. 
sun-dial,  bie  ©onnenu^r. 
sup,  ju  2lbenb  effen. 
supper,  ba3  Slbenbeffen. 
suppose  :  I  — ,  roobt. 
sure  (ly),  genrife,  fid)erlid).    be  —  to  do 

it,  tbue  e§  ja  (ja  bod)). 
surprise,  iiberrafd)eit.    be  — ed  at,  fid) 

unmbern. 
surrender,  fid)  ergeben. 
surround,  umgeben. 
suspected  of,  ucrbad)tig. 


suspend. 


357 


thrice. 


suspend,  bangen. 

Swedish,  fcbroebifcb. 

swallow,  bie  ©dfjroalbe. 

sweet,  fiifj. 

Swede,  ber  ©cbroebe,  bie  ©cbroebin. 

swift-footed,  fcbnellfttfjig. 

Sweden,  ©cbroeben  (neut.). 

swiiri,  fcbtmmmen. 

T. 


table,  ber  £ifcb. 
table-spoon,  ber  ©fpffel. 

tail,  ber  ©djroanj. 

tailor,  ber  Scbneiber. 

tainted,  nerborben. 

take,  nebnten.  —  to,  bringen.  —  a  short 
nap,  ein  ©cblafcben  balten.  —out,  ber* 
auSnebmen.  —  along  with  one,  mits 
nebmen.  —  a  seat,  einfteigen.  —  away, 
roegneljmett.  —  a  walk,  einen  Spajiers 
gang  tnacben,  fpajieren  geben.  — for, 
batten.  —  lessons  in,  Stunben  nebmen 
in.  —  pains,  ficb  SDliibe  geben.  —  place, 
ftattfinben,  ftattbaben,  rjorfatten.  —a 
ride  (on  horseback),  einen  Spajierritt 
ntadjen.  —  a  drive  (in  a  carriage),  eitte 
(Spajierfabrt  tnacben.  —  off,  auSjieben, 
abnebmen,  abjieben.  —  up,  aufnebmen. 
it  has  — en  me  a  great  deal  of  time,  e§ 
bat  tnir  triel  geit  genommen  (gefoftet). 

tale,  bie  ©rjdbhmg. 

talk,  fprecben. 

tall,  bod). 

task,  bie  Strafaufgabe. 

taste,  fcbmeden,  probi(e)ren. 

tea,  ber  SEbee. 

tea-spoon,  ber  £bee!offeI. 

teacher,  ber  Sebrer. 

tear,  n.  bie  SCbrane. 

tear,  v.  jerreifcen.  —  off,  abretfcen.  — 
up,  jerreijjen. 

tedious,  langroeiltg. 

telegram,  ba§  £efegramm. 

telegraph,  v.  telegrapbi(e)ren ;  n.  ber 
£elegrapb. 

tell,  fagen,  nennen. 

ten,  jebn. 

tenth,  jebnt  (ber  jebnte). 

termination,  bie  (Snbung. 

terrible,  fcbredticb. 

terrify,  erfcbreden. 

than,  alio. 

thank,  banfen.  I  —  you,  banfe  !  or,  id) 
banfe  3>bnen. 

that,  adj.   or  dent.   pron.    jener  ;    rel. 


)      pron.  berjenige,  ber ;  conj.  bag,  bamit. 

so  — ,  fo  bag. 
the,  ber,  bie,  ba§.    — . . .  — ,  jje . . .  befto. 
theater,  ba3  Sweater. 
thee,  bir,  bicb. 
theft,  ber  2)iebftabl. 
their,  tbr,  ibre. 

theirs,  tbrer,  ibre,  ibre§ ;  ber  ibrige,  etc. 
them,  fte,  ibnen. 
theme,  ba§  £bema. 
themselves,  fid). 

then,  adv.  bann,  barauf ;  conj.  benn. 
there  {often  not  translated ),    ba,   bort, 

babin.    —  is,  are,  e§  gi(e)bt  (ift). 
therefore,  barum,  beSroegen,   beSbalb, 

baber,  alfo. 
thereupon,  barauf. 
these,  biefe  (sometimes  =  biefe§). 
they,  fie,  man,  e§. 
thick,  bid. 
thief,  ber  2)ieb. 
thimble,  ber  gmgerbut. 
thin,  biinn. 
thine,  bein,   ber  beinige,  etc.    a  friend 

of—,  ein  ^reunb  oon  bir. 
thing,  ba3  S)ing.     not  any  — ,  nid)t§. 
think,  benfen,  glauben,  finben,  batten. 

—  of,  gebenfen. 
third,  britt  (ber  britte  etc.).    one  — ,  ein 

SDritt(b)eiI. 
thirsty,  burftig. 
thirteen,  bretgebn. 
thirteenth,    breijebnt  (ber   breijebnte 

etc.) 
thirty,  breifjig. 
this,  bie§  (biefer  etc.),  ber  (bie,  ba§).  — 

morning,  afternoon,  beute-Uiorgen,  iiftacbs 

mittag.    upon  — ,  barauf. 
those  (//.  ^/"that),  jjene. 
thou,  bu. 

thousand,  taufenb. 
thrash,  burdjpriigeln. 
threaten,  broken  (dat.),  bebroben  (ace). 
three,  brei. 
thrice,  breimal  (brei  3Jial). 


through. 


358 


usual. 


through,  burcfe. 

throw,  roerfen.   —  in,  bineinroerfen.  — 
down,  nieberroerfen.    —  off,  abroerfen. 
thrush,  bie  Sroffel. 
Thursday,  ber  3>onner§tag. 
thy,  bcin  (beine,  bein). 
thyself,  bir. 
ticket,  ba§  SiUet(t). 
tiger,  ber  £i(e)ger. 
tight,  enge. 
till,  bis. 

time,  bie  geit,  ba§  Wlai.    each—,  jebeSs 
mal.    this  — ,  biefe§  SJJal.    a  short  — 
ago,  fiirjlid).     it  will  be  a  long  — before, 
e§  rcirb  lange  bauern  ebe.    what  —  is 
it  ?  jute  oiel  U^r  ift  e§  ?    for  the  first  — , 
jtmn  erften  SJlal.    in  good  — ,  ju  renter 
3eit. 
time-piece,  bie  Ubr. 
time-table,  ber  gabrplan. 
tired,  miibe. 

to,  often  expressed  by  the  dat.  or  infin. 
ju,    an,    in,  nadj,  mit,  nor,  bi§   auf; 

gegen ;  urn ju  (=  in  order  to).    — 

and  fro,  bin  unb  ber. 
to-day,  l)eute. 
together  with,  fammt,  nebft. 
toll,  ber  3°tf-     exemption  from  — ,   bie 

Sollfreibeit. 
toll-bar,  ber  ©cblagbaum. 
to-niorrow,  morgen.    —  morning,  mors 

gen  friib. 
to-night,  beute  9lbenb. 


too,  ju,  aud)  (also). 

tooth,  ber  3a&n. 

toothache,  ba§  gabmoelj. 

towards,  gegen. 

town,  bie  Stabt. 

toy-shop,  ber  ©pielfadbenlaben. 

train,  ber3ug.    4  o'clock—,  ber  4  Ubr 

3»9- 
trait,  ber  3ug. 
translate,  iiberfe^en. 
translation,  bie  Uberfe^ung. 
travel,  reifen,  geben,  roanbern.    voyages 

and  — s,  Sees  unb  Sanbreifen. 
traveler,  ber  SRetfenbe,  etn  SReifenber. 
tree,  ber  33aum. 
trouble,  v.  belaftigen. 
troublesome,  laftig. 
trousers,  bie  SBeinfleiber,  bie  §ofen. 
true,  roabr.    it  is  — ,  jroar. 
trust,  trauen. 

try,  oerfudben,  einen  SBerfucb.  mad;en. 
Tuesday,  ber  2>ien§tag. 
tulip,  bie  £ulpe. 
Turkey  (country),  bie  £iirfei. 
turkey  (fowl),  ber  roelfdbe  £abn. 
turn  round,  umfebren.' 
twelfth,  jroolft  (ber  jroolfte,  etc.). 
twelve,  jroblf. 
twentieth,  jroanjigft. 
twenty,  jtoanjig. 
twice,  sraeimal  (jroet  3Ral). 
twitter,  jnritfdjern. 
two,  jroet,  fceibe.  —  and  a  half,  brittbalb. 


u. 


umbrella,  ber  9legenfd)irm. 
unacquainted  with,  unfunbtg. 
uncle,  ber  Dnfel. 
uncomfortable,  unbequem. 
uncourteous,  — ly,  unbbflid). 
under,  unter.    —  it,  barunter. 
understand,  nerfteben.    make  one's  self 

understood,  ficb  oerftanblid)  macben. 
undertaking,  ba§  llnternebmen. 
unfortunately,  unglitcflicberroeife. 
unhealthy,  ungefunb. 
unmarried,  unoertyeirat(b)ei. 
unmindful  of,  uneingebenf. 
unpleasant,  unangenebm. 
unripe,  unretf. 


unwell,  unroobl. 

unwholesome,  ungefunb. 

unworthy  (of),  unnnirbtg. 

up  :  —  to,  bi§  an,  bi§  auf.   he  came  —  to 

us,  er  f  am  auf  un$  ju. 
upholsterer,  ber  £apeaier(er). 
upon,  auf.    —  this,  barauf. 
upset,  umroerfen. 
us,  un§.    of—,  unfer. 
use,  n.  ber  9iufcen.    be  of—,  oon  5Ru$cn 

fein.    make  — of,  ©ebraud)  madden  oon, 

benu^en.    v.  benufcen,  niifcen. 
useful,  nii^lidj. 
usual,  gerob^nlidj. 


vacation. 


359 


wholesome* 


V. 


vacation,  bie  ^erien. 

valley,  ba§  £bal. 

various,  nerjd)ieben. 

vegetable-garden,  ber  ©emiifegarten. 

vegetables,  ba§  ©emiife. 

venomous,  giftig. 

verb,  ba§  33erb,  ba3  SSerbum,  ba%  3ett= 

rcort. 
verily,  tnirEIidj. 
very,  feftr. 
vexation,  ber  $rger. 

wagon,  ber  SBagen. 

waistcoat,  bie  2Befte. 

wait,  marten.    —  for,  roarten  ouf. 

waiter,  ber  £ettner. 

wake,  roadjen. 

walk,  v.  ju  %u%  geben,  fpajieren  geben, 

etnen  ©pajiergang  mad)en.    —  about, 

umbergeben.    n.  ber  ©pajiergang. 
wall,  bie  SSanb  (of  partition),  bie  SJiauer. 
wallflower,  ber  ©olblacf. 
want,  v.  braud)en,  niiinfcben,  roollen.   n. 

be  in  —  of,  bebiirfttg  fein.     I  am  in  — 

of,  e§  feblt  mir  an  (dat.),  e§  mangelt 

ntir  an. 
warble,  trittem. 
warbling,  n.  ber  ©d)Iag. 
warm,  inarm. 
wash,  roafd)en. 
wash  stand,  ber  2Bafd)ttfd). 
wasp,  bie  2Be§pe. 
waste,  nerfdjroenben. 
wasting,  n.  ba§  23erfd)roenben. 
watch,  bie  Ubr. 
watcb-key,  ber  Ubrfdjliiffel. 
watchmaker,  ber  Ubrmadjer. 
water,  ba3  2Baffer.  high  — ,  bie  glut(b). 

low  — ,  bie  @bbe. 
way,  ber  2Beg.    — home,  ber  ^eimroeg. 

on  the  — ,  auf  bem  2Bege,  unterroeg§. 

for  the  — ,  fiir    unterroegS.    by  —  of, 

iiber. 
weak,  fdjroad). 
wear,  tragen. 
weary,  iiberbriiffig. 
weather,  baS  2Better. 
Wednesday,  ber  2JHttrood).    on  — ,  am 

3JUttrood?. 


vice  versa,  umgefehrt. 
villa,  bie  SSiEa. 
village,  ba§  35orf. 
violent,  -ly,  heftig. 
violet,  bas>  3Seild)en. 
visit,  v.  befud)en  ;  «.  ber  SBefud). 
viz.  {for  videlicet),  namlid). 
volume,  ber  33anb. 
voyage,  bie  ©eereife. 
vulture,  ber  ©eier. 


w. 


week,  bie  2Bod)e,  ad)t  Sage,    a  —  ago, 

nor  ad)t  £agen. 
welcome,  roillfommen. 
well,  adj.  or  adv.    mob  I,   gut ;    interj\ 

nun.  as  —  as,  fo  roobl  al§. 
well-known,  rooblbefannt. 
West,  ber  SSeften.  to  the—,  nad)2Beften. 

—  wind,  ber  SBeftroinb. 
western,  roeftlid),  nad)  SBeflen. 

wet,  adj.  nafj;  n.  bie  SJciffe;  v.  — 
through,  burdjnaffen.  completely  — 
through,  gang  burd)naffen. 

what,  roa§,  roa§  fiir.  —  sort  of  a  ?  what 
a!  ma§  fiir  ein,  eine.  — o'clock  is  it? 
mie  rriel  Ubr,  etc.  ?  —  beautiful,  etc.,  n>a§ 
fiir  fdjone  etc.  —  a  deal  of  good!  mie 
trie!  @ute3  !  —  do  you  call  this  ?  mie 
nennen  ©ie  biefeS?  —  papers  have 
you  ?  roa§  fiir  3eitungen  haben  ©ie  ? 

wheat,  ber  SBeijen. 

when,  rcann,  menn  ;  al§. 

whenever,  fo  oft  al§. 

where,  mo,  mohin. 

wherefore,  roeSroegen,  roe§balb. 

whether,  ob. 

which,  ber,  bie,  ba§;  roelcber,  meld)ef 
roeldjeS;  roa§. 

while,  adv.  inbem,  roafjrenb  ;  n.  a  little 

—  ago,  norbin,  nor  einem  SSeilcben  ;  v. 
meilen.  —  away  one's  time,  fid)  bie 
geit  oertreiben. 

whilst,  rodhrenb. 

white,  meifj. 

whither,  roobin. 

who,  raeld)er,  roeld)e;  ber,  bie;  roer. 

whole,  adj.  aan% ;  n.  ba§  ©anje. 

wholesome,  gefunb. 


whom. 


360 


zoological-garden. 


whom,  roem;  tt>eld;etn,  -n;  bent,  ben. 

whose,  toeffen;  beffen,  beren. 

why,  roarunt;  ei. 

wife,  bic  j$frau,  bie  ©attin. 

will,  toollen ;  {auxiliary)  roerben. 

William,  2Bilb>lm. 

willing:  to  be  — ,  rooHen. 

wind,  ber  2Binb. 

wind  up,  aufjieljen. 

window,  ba§  ^enftcr. 

windy,  TDinbtg. 

wine,  ber  2Bein. 

wine-merchant,  ber  SOBeinbiinbler. 

wing,  ber  ^liigel. 

winter,  ber  2Binter. 

winter-dress,  ba§  SSintertletb. 

wish,  v.    roiinfdien,   rooflen ;    n.    ber 

2Bunfd). 
with  {sometimes  expressed  by  dot.),  mit, 

nebft;  bet. 
within,  innerbalb. 
without,  obne. 
woman,  bie  %vau. 
wonder,  v.  nriffen  mogen ;  «.  bo§  2Bun« 

ber. 
wood,  ba3  £o!j. 

yard,  ber  §of. 

year,  ba§  3abr. 

yellow,  gelb. 

yes,  ja. 

yesterday,  geftern.    of  — ,  geftrig. 

yet,  nod),  bod),  jebod),  bennod;,  gleid>s 

toobl,  iubeffen,  inbe§.    as  — ,  bi§  jeljt. 

not  — ,  nod)  nid)t. 
you,  ibr,  end; ;  bu,  bid;,  bir ;  ©ie,  S^nen. 


wool,  bie  SBoDe. 
woolen,  njoQett. 
word,  ba§  SBort.     keep  one's  — ,  SBort 

batten. 
work,  arbeiten ;  n.  bie  Slrbeit,  ba3  SBerf. 

they  will  have  easy  —  to  get  into  the 

room,  <Sie  roerben  leidjt  in  ba§  ^tntmer 

fommen  fbunen,  or,  e§  nrirb  ibnen  leidjt 

merben,  in  ba§  3'mmer  5"  tommen. 
world,  bie  SBett. 

worse  :  be  — ,  fid;  untoobler  beftnben. 
worth,  toertb.    be  — ,  gettett. 
worthy  (worthily),  tourbig.    consider 

— ,  tuiirbigen. 
would,  raollte,   roiirbe.    —  that  I  had 

never  seen  him !   batte  id;  tbn  bod;  nie 

gefeben! 
wounded, «.  ber  Sjeranutbete. 
write,  fd)reiben. 
■writing,  baS  ©djreiben. 
writing-lessons,  bie  <Sd)reibftunben. 
writing-material,    ba§    ©djreibmates 

rial. 
wrong,  unrecbi.   be  — ,  be  in  the  — ,  tins 

red)t  baben. 


Y. 


young,  }itng. 

your,  euer,  feein,  S^r. 

yours,  3br ;  (ber,  bie,  ba§)  (Sure,  2>bre, 

Sbrige. 
yourself,  fid; ;  Qbr,  bu,  ©ie  felbft.    you 

keep  for  — ,  ©ie  bebatten  fiir  ficb. 
youth,  bie  ^ugenb. 
youthful,  jugenblid). 


Z. 


zoological-garden,  ber  £biergarten. 


14  DAY  USE 

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JUL  1 5  1961 


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